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100-714: Ramjas College is one of the oldest constituent colleges of the University of Delhi , located in North Campus of the university in New Delhi, India .The college admits both undergraduate and post-graduate students, and awards degrees under the purview of the University of Delhi. Ramjas College is one of the best colleges in India for arts and commerce courses. Ramjas college was started by its founder Rai Kedar Nath with

200-454: A group of Ramjas students went ahead and joined the freedom struggle which resulted in them being arrested and jailed. A plaque with their names inscribed on it has been put up near the college auditorium gate in memory of the brave students. The college relocated to its current location in 1950. Dr Rajendra Prasad , the first President of India inaugurated the present building on 17 January 1951. He even sent his daughters to study here. After

300-661: A key architect of the Five-Year Plans of India Sukhamoy Chakravarty ; senior fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations and professor of economics at Columbia University Jagdish Bhagwati ; and Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan , a leading woman figure in the Pakistan Movement and wife of the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan . President of India The president of India ( ISO : Bhārata kē Rāṣṭrapati )

400-644: A large number of major actors and actresses of Indian cinema and theatre including Amitabh Bachchan , Shah Rukh Khan , Manoj Bajpayee , Konkona Sen Sharma , Anurag Kashyap , Arjun Rampal , Imran Zahid , Neha Dhupia , Sakshi Tanwar , Mallika Sherawat , Imtiaz Ali , Huma Qureshi , Siddharth , Sushant Singh Rajput , Shriya Saran , Vishal Bhardwaj , Sandhya Mridul , Aditi Rao Hydari , Shekhar Kapur , Deepa Mehta , Nimrat Kaur , Kabir Khan , Aditi Arya , Sidharth Malhotra and Triptii Dimri . The CWE wrestler Shanky Singh had also pursued B.Com. from Maharaja Agrasen College of Delhi University. Singer Papon

500-454: A maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months. If the emergency needs to be extended for more than three years, this can be achieved by a constitutional amendment , as has happened in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir . During such an emergency, the president can take over the entire work of the executive, and the governor administers the state in the name of

600-412: A simple majority. It has never been declared. A state of financial emergency remains in force indefinitely until revoked by the president. The president can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the supreme court and high courts , in cases of a financial emergency. All money bills passed by state legislatures are submitted to the president for approval. They can direct

700-407: A vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term. An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of their death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill

800-537: Is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising both houses of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of each of India's states and territories , who themselves are all directly elected by the citizens. Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that the president can exercise their powers directly or by subordinate authority, though all of the executive powers vested in

900-405: Is English. Further, it offers 18 postgraduate courses in sciences , humanities and commerce streams. Additionally, there are 26 add-on courses and 6 foreign language courses on offer. Admissions for the college are now done strictly through CUET. The CUET cut-offs, for the arts and commerce courses are exceptionally high. Even before CUET, the cut-offs were among the highest in the country with

1000-637: Is a collegiate research central university located in Delhi , India . It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly and is recognised as an Institute of Eminence (IoE) by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The Vice President of India serves as the university chancellor. The university is ranked 6th by National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024. The University of Delhi

1100-937: Is also done on a merit basis. Only 20 colleges of Delhi University provide hostel facilities to students. The President of India is the Visitor, the Vice President of India is the Chancellor and the Chief Justice of India is the Pro-Chancellor of the university. The Court, the Executive Council, the Academic Council and the Finance Committee are the administrative authorities of the university. The University Court

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1200-467: Is also famous for its engaging political scene, with elections being seen as a celebration and everyone participating in them. It is one of the founding colleges of University of Delhi, along with Hindu College and St. Stephen's College , Zakir Husain Delhi College . The founder of Ramjas college, Rai Kedar Nath had a huge role in the naming of Delhi University also. It was the year of 1921. As

1300-480: Is also known for its students' involvement in student politics. The DUSU (Delhi University Students' Union) has been known to have major contributions from Ramjas College, the most important being the victory of alumnus Akshit Dahiya as the DUSU President (2019–20) with a margin of 19,069 votes and him also being the youngest DUSU President in a very long time, aged 20 when elected. The Ramjas Debating Society

1400-410: Is bound by the provisions of the constitution notwithstanding any advice by the union cabinet. As per Article 142 , it is the duty of the president to enforce the decrees of the supreme court. The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60 . The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of

1500-426: Is inconsistent with the constitution. Article 143 gives the president the power to consult the supreme court about the constitutional validity of an issue. The president shall assent to constitutional amendment bills without power to withhold the bills per Article 368 (2) . When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure,

1600-618: Is not approved by the parliament or violates the constitution. Thus, it is believed that the POI is the de jure head of the state, whereas PM is the de facto head. The President of the Indian Union will be generally bound by the advice of his Ministers. ... He can do nothing contrary to their advice nor can do anything without their advice. The President of the United States can dismiss any Secretary at any time. The President of

1700-511: Is not fully satisfied, on the basis of the report of the governor of the concerned state or from other sources, that the governance in a state cannot be carried out according to the provisions in the constitution, they can proclaim under Article 356 a state of emergency in the state. Such an emergency must be approved by the parliament within a period of 2 months. Under Article 356 of the Indian constitution , it can be imposed from six months to

1800-642: Is one of the best-debating societies in India, having made some of the best contributions to the Indian Debating Circuit. Members of the Society have qualified at multiple International tournaments such as Oxford, Harvard, LSE and WUDC. The Ramjas Fine Arts Society, Mélange is one of the oldest art societies in the University of Delhi. With its active social media presence and yearly newsletters, it strives to create an artistically and socially open space for students to express themselves freely through

1900-631: Is ranked as the best B-school in the country at this level, by India Today. The University of Delhi's 86 academic departments are divided into 16 faculties. In the past, the Faculty of Technology offered courses in Engineering and Technology. The faculty earlier included the Delhi College of Engineering, before it was transformed into the Delhi Technological University and Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology before it

2000-561: Is the head of state of the Republic of India . The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces . Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022. The office of president was created when India became a republic on 26 January 1950 when its constitution came into force. The president

2100-403: Is the common head of all independent constitutional entities. All their actions, recommendations ( Article 3 , Article 111, Article 274, etc.) and supervisory powers ( Article 74(2) , Article 78C, Article 108, Article 111, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of India shall be used in accordance to uphold the constitution. There is no bar on the actions of the president to contest in

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2200-460: Is the responsibility of the president to withdraw the ordinance as soon as the reasons for the promulgation of the ordinance are no longer applicable. Bringing laws in the form of ordinances has become a routine matter by the government and president, but the provisions made in Article 123 are meant for mitigating unusual circumstances where immediate action is inevitable when the extant provisions of

2300-414: Is the supreme authority of the university and has the power to review the acts of the Executive Council and the Academic Council. The Executive Council is the highest executive body of the university. The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the maintenance of standards of instruction, education, and examination within the university. It has the right to advise

2400-745: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023, 201–250 in Asia in 2022 and at the same band among emerging economies. It was ranked 601–700 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2023. In India, it was ranked 15 overall by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2024 and 6 among universities. The Delhi University Stadium is a rugby sevens stadium , situated within

2500-504: The Article 368 procedure. When, after reconsideration, the bill is passed accordingly and presented to the president, with or without amendments, the president cannot withhold their assent from it. The president can also withhold their assent to a bill when it is initially presented to them (rather than return it to parliament) thereby exercising a pocket veto on the advice of the prime minister or council of ministers per Article 74 if it

2600-872: The Cluster Innovation Centre , Delhi School of Economics , Delhi School of Journalism and the Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR). The South Campus was opened in 1973 as part of the university's expansion plan. It moved to its present location on Benito Juarez Marg, near Dhaula Kuan , in 1984, and covers 69 acres. Its constituent colleges include, Aryabhatta College , Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College , Gargi College , Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College , PGDAV College , Jesus and Mary College , Ramanujan College , Maitreyi College , Motilal Nehru College , Motilal Nehru College Evening, Ram Lal Anand College , Sri Venkateswara College , Lady Shri Ram College , Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College ,

2700-626: The Delhi College of Arts and Commerce , the Institute of Home Economics , the College of Vocational Studies , Sri Aurobindo College , Kamala Nehru College , Dyal Singh College , Shaheed Bhagat Singh College and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing . Acharya Narendra Dev College . Some colleges of Delhi University offer hostel facilities to students, but this facility is limited to a specific number of colleges. The allotment of hostels

2800-677: The Indian constitution , the president is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations: The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most cases, however, the president exercises their executive powers on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet . The president can declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial, under articles 352, 356 & 360 in addition to promulgating ordinances under article 123. A national emergency can be declared in

2900-532: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 . The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and War. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in progress, another internal emergency was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed , with Indira Gandhi as prime minister in 1975. In 1977, the second and the third emergencies were together revoked. If the president

3000-1132: The Planning Commission Montek Singh Ahluwalia ; former Minister of State for Corporate and Minority Affairs Salman Khurshid ; former Former Union HRD Minister Kapil Sibal ; former Minister of Information and Broadcasting Ambika Soni ; former Union Minister for Disinvestment Arun Shourie ; former Chief Minister of Delhi and Governor of Rajasthan Madan Lal Khurana ; former MLA of Lakhipur Rajdeep Goala ; president of Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union Aishe Ghosh and Deputy Chief Minister of Odisha , Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo . DU has educated numerous foreign politicians and heads of state and government including State Counsellor of Myanmar Aung San Suu Kyi , third President of Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika , former Prime Minister of Nepal Girija Prasad Koirala , sixth President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , sixteenth Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Harini Amarasuriya and two former Prime Ministers of Bhutan , Sangay Ngedup , and Khandu Wangchuk . DU has also produced

3100-485: The advisory opinion of the supreme court per Article 143 . Per Article 88 , the president can ask the attorney general to attend the parliamentary proceedings and report to him any unlawful functioning if any. The president appoints as prime minister , the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (usually the leader of the majority party or coalition). The president then appoints

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3200-443: The prime minister . Such a proclamation must be approved by the parliament with at least a two-thirds majority within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval-there is no maximum duration. In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However,

3300-536: The 12th class percentage marks will act as a tie-breaker for students securing the same CUET scores. DU is one of the most sought-after institutions of higher education in India. It also has one of the highest publication counts among Indian universities. The annual honorary degree ceremony of the university has been conferred upon several people, which includes film actor Amitabh Bachchan , former Chief Minister of Delhi Sheila Dikshit , cartoonist R. K. Laxman , chemist C. N. R. Rao and former Prime Minister of

3400-465: The Bill, or that they withhold assent from it. As a third option, they can return a bill to parliament, if it is not a money bill , for reconsideration. President may be of the view that a particular bill passed under the legislative powers of parliament is violating the constitution, they can send back the bill with their recommendation to pass the bill under the constituent powers of parliament following

3500-822: The Centenary Year of Ramjas college Delhi. Ramjas College hosted the first edition of the Delhi University Literature Festival, officiated by the University of Delhi in its centenary year. Scheduled 17–19 March 2023, the exercise was led by Swapan Dasgupta as the festival director and Sanjeev Sanyal as the festival Patron. Several renowned figures such as Rajyavardhan Rathore , Gen. Manoj Naravane , Bibek Debroy , and others participated in this literary exercise. The college offers 8 Bachelor of Arts courses, 8 Bachelor of Science courses and 2 Bachelor of Commerce courses at undergraduate level. Primary medium of instruction of courses

3600-513: The Constitution of India and its rule of law. Invariably, any action taken by the executive or legislature entities of the constitution shall become law only after the president's assent. The president shall not accept any actions of the executive or legislature which are unconstitutional. The president is the foremost, most empowered and prompt defender of the constitution (Article 60), who has pre-emptive power for ensuring constitutionality in

3700-408: The Executive Council on all academic matters. The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets. Though the colleges are all constituent to the University of Delhi, as it is a collegiate university , depending upon the funding Delhi Colleges broadly fall into three categories: The colleges maintained by universities get 100% deficit maintenance grants while

3800-521: The Executive. He represents the Nation but does not rule the Nation. He is the symbol of the Nation. His place in the administration is that of a ceremonial device on a seal by which the nation's decisions are made known. The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of their oath (Article 60 of Indian constitution). The president

3900-510: The Indian Union has no power to do so, so long as his Ministers command a majority in Parliament As per Article 53 , the executive power of the country is vested in the president and is exercised by the president either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the constitution. When parliament thinks fit it may accord additional executive powers to the president per Article 70 which may be further delegated by

4000-463: The North Campus. Spread over 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft), the stadium has a seating capacity of 2,500 permanent and 7,500 temporary seats. Construction began in 2008 and the stadium was inaugurated in July 2010, ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games . It also includes a training area for netball, boxing, women's wrestling and athletics. After the games the stadium was handed over to

4100-481: The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952, a candidate to be nominated for the office of president needs 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders for their name to appear on the ballot . Article 56(1) of the constitution provides that the president shall hold office for a term of five years, from the date on which they enter their office. According to Article 62, an election to fill

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4200-541: The Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended ( Article 21 ). The president can make laws on the 66 subjects of the State List (which contains subjects on which the state governments can make laws). Also, all money bills are referred to the president for approval. The term of the Lok Sabha can be extended by a period of up to one year, but not so as to extend the term of parliament beyond six months after

4300-530: The Union government. However, the Union government can insist on compliance with its loan terms when a state has an outstanding loan charged to the consolidated fund of India or an outstanding loan in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India under the liability of consolidated fund of India. Under article 360 of the constitution, the president can proclaim a financial emergency when

4400-535: The United Kingdom Gordon Brown . There are 91 colleges affiliated to the University of Delhi, spread across Delhi . North Campus and South Campus serve as the two main campuses of the university. Zakir Husain Delhi College , which is situated in the central part of New Delhi, is the oldest college in Delhi carrying 327 years of legacy. The North Campus hosts the three founding colleges of

4500-580: The actions of the executive or legislature. The role of the judiciary in upholding the Constitution of India is the second line of defence in nullifying any unconstitutional actions of the executive and legislative entities of the Indian Union. Under the draft constitution the President occupies the same position as the King under the English Constitution. He is the head of the state but not of

4600-418: The chief justice. The President may dismiss a judge with a two-thirds vote of the two Houses of the parliament. The Indian government's chief legal adviser, Attorney-General for India , is appointed by the president of India under Article 76(1) and holds office during the pleasure of the president. If the president considers a question of law or a matter of public importance has arisen, they can also ask for

4700-596: The colleges run by trusts get 95% deficit grants. The university has 65 colleges that have liberal courses in humanities, social sciences, and science. Twenty-five of these colleges are affiliated with the South Campus while the others are to the North Campus. The total number of colleges under the university is 77 if the colleges that run professional courses are included. Some colleges also offer evening courses. The university includes an undergraduate management college 'Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies, which

4800-468: The constitution to re-promulgate president's rule in a state when the earlier promulgation ceased to operate for want of parliaments approval within two months duration. During 2014 in Andhra Pradesh, president's rule was first imposed on 1 March 2014 and it ceased to operate on 30 April 2014. President's rule was promulgated after being fully aware that the earliest parliament session is feasible at

4900-405: The control of any of the said Governments. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates. These are: In the event that the vice president, a state governor or a minister is elected president, they are considered to have vacated their previous office on the date they begin serving as president. A member of parliament or a State Legislature can seek election to

5000-495: The country by a governor-general . Following independence, the Constituent Assembly of India , under the leadership of B. R. Ambedkar , undertook the process of drafting a completely new constitution for the country. The Constitution of India was eventually enacted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, making India a republic . The offices of monarch and governor-general were replaced by

5100-428: The court of law. Legislative power is constitutionally vested in the Parliament of India of which the president is the head, to facilitate the lawmaking process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The president summons both the houses ( Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha ) of the parliament and prorogues them. They can dissolve the Lok Sabha . The president inaugurates parliament by addressing it after

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5200-532: The death of Rai Kedarnath, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar , the architect of Constitution of India and first Minister of Law and Justice of India , acted as the Chairman of Governing Body of Ramjas College, the only College in Delhi that had the honour of having him in its Governing Body. On 12 February 1959, The famous black American leader Martin Luther King Jr. visited the college and made a memorable speech to

5300-410: The end of May 2014 after the general elections. It was reimposed again unconstitutionally on 28 April 2014 by the president. Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending the financial resources available with the states for public purposes. Article 293 gives liberty to states to borrow without any limit to its ability for its requirements within the territory of India without any consent from

5400-464: The end of the declared emergency. National Emergency has been proclaimed 3 times in India to date. It was declared first in 1962 by President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan , during the Sino-Indian War . This emergency lasted through the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and up to 1968. It was revoked in 1968. The second emergency in India was proclaimed in 1971 by President V. V. Giri on the eve of

5500-578: The entire country was burning in the angst of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the proposal by the education minister to name the university in Delhi after the Prince of Wales, George VI further fuelled the rage. The country was beginning to question foreign dominance, and this name for an upcoming Indian university was unacceptable. A huge protest rattled Delhi. However, upon meeting the education minister, Alexander Sharp, an alternate strategy

5600-504: The expression of art. The dramatics society, Shunya is a reputed society which allows for free expression and exprssion of emotions through acting. Pinnacle, the placements society of Ramjas is also very active. Ramjas has one of the best Enactus in the country. Darshan, the philosophy society of Ramajas college has quickly grown to become one of the most famous and exclusive societies in the college through its frequent hosting of meaningful and thought-provoking discussions and seminars. Qnights,

5700-486: The faculty of medical sciences. Due to lack of surety in quality of legal education, The Bar Council of India has issued a notification asking Delhi University (DU) to shut down law courses offered in evening shift at its colleges. Internationally, the University of Delhi was ranked 521–530 in the QS World University Rankings of 2023 and 85 in Asia. It was ranked 1001–1200 in the world by

5800-644: The field of business include Tesla CFO Vaibhav Taneja , President of the World Bank - Ajay Banga and managing director and editor-in-chief of Republic Media Network Arnab Goswami . Notable faculty members of DU include eminent historians like RS Sharma and Ramachandra Guha ; recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Amartya Sen ; former Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh ; economist and

5900-561: The fifth President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed ; sixth Chief Minister of Delhi Sheila Dikshit ; fourth Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and India's first woman Chief Minister Sucheta Kriplani ; economist and former leader of the Janata Party Subramanian Swamy ; fourteenth Chief Minister of Odisha Naveen Patnaik ; industrialist and former Member of Parliament Naveen Jindal ; diplomat and Foreign Secretary Jyotindra Nath Dixit ; former Deputy Chairman of

6000-431: The financial stability or credit of the nation or any part of its territory is threatened. However, until now no guidelines defining the situation of financial emergency in the entire country or a state or union territory or a panchayat or a municipality or a corporation have been framed either by the finance commission or by the central government. Such an emergency must be approved by the parliament within two months by

6100-425: The general elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year per Article 87(1). The presidential address on these occasions is generally meant to outline the new policies of the government . All bills passed by the parliament can become laws only after receiving the assent of the president per Article 111 . After a bill is presented to them, the president shall declare either that they assent to

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6200-609: The humanities and social sciences include First Deputy Managing Director of economics at IMF Gita Gopinath ; economist and Senior Vice-president and Chief Economist of the World Bank Kaushik Basu ; historians Arundhati Virmani , Ramnarayan Rawat , Upinder Singh and Usha Sanyal ; professor of anthropology at Johns Hopkins University Veena Das ; Kathak dancer Uma Sharma ; Bharatnatyam dancer Geeta Chandran ; gender rights activist Meera Khanna and IPS officer and politician Kiran Bedi Notable alumni in

6300-734: The journal of the department of philosophy. The college offers a wide range of courses, extra-curricular activities and technologically advanced facilities accessible to the faculty, the students and the support staff. There are specific zones formed by the authorities of Ramjas College to emphasize on various aspects. The woman development cell, student information and management system support services, clubs, gender forum, student counsellor, student activity centre and various societies of Ramjas College encourage students to participate in different areas other than academics. University of Delhi The University of Delhi , informally known as Delhi University ( DU , ISO : Dillī Viśvavidyālaya ),

6400-399: The largest universities in India. There are 16 faculties, 86 academic departments, 91 colleges spread across the city, with 132,435 regular students (114,494 undergraduates and 17,941 postgraduates). There are 261,169 students in non-formal education programmes (258,831 undergraduates and 2,338 postgraduates). DU's chemistry, geology, zoology, sociology, and history departments have been awarded

6500-419: The law are inadequate. Re-promulgation of an ordinance after failing to get approval within the stipulated time of both houses of parliament is an unconstitutional act by the president. The president should not incorporate any matter in an ordinance which violates the constitution or requires an amendment to the constitution. The president should take moral responsibility when an ordinance elapses automatically or

6600-583: The new office of President of India, with Rajendra Prasad as its first incumbent. India retained its Commonwealth membership per the London Declaration , recognising The King as "the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth." The Indian constitution accords to the president the responsibility and authority to defend and protect

6700-584: The noble aim of providing elite higher education to the masses to make them capable of standing on their own feet, an idea that was unheard of and oftentimes ignored at that time. Ramjas has since then been providing elite-level education to the masses, rather than elite education to the already elites, which most colleges practiced at that time. Standing apart from the usual Western education style, characterized by its strictness and focus on syllabus, Ramjas has been very liberal in its attitude towards its students, allowing them to chart their course and thoughts. Ramjas

6800-411: The nucleus of all the academic conferences, events and proceedings of the college. It has volleyball, basketball, football and table tennis facilities. It also has its own shooting range and an archery range within the campus. It also has a gymnasium with modern equipment. The college also provides hostel facility with 80 seats for girls and 120 seats for boys which is in the college campus. The college

6900-429: The office of the president but if they are elected as president, they shall be deemed to have vacated their seat in parliament or State Legislature on the date on which they enter upon their office as President [Article 59(1)] . Article 57 provides that a person who holds, or who has held, office as president shall, subject to the other provisions of this constitution, be eligible for re-election to that office. Under

7000-616: The officers from the Indian Foreign Service . The president is the first citizen of the country. The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces . Only the president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the president's name. As mentioned in Article 72 of

7100-642: The other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the prime minister. The Council of Ministers remains in power at the 'pleasure' of the president. The president appoints 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service. The president may nominate not more than two members of Anglo Indian community as Lok Sabha members per Article 331 , which

7200-411: The political science cut-off reaching 100 percent in the final year of admissions based on board exam marks. In 2021, India Today ranked Ramjas College 7th among commerce colleges, 10th among arts colleges and 17th among science colleges in India. The college's red coloured building is surrounded by trees and foliage which has earned it the title 'Rainforest'. A Seminar Room and a Conference Hall form

7300-608: The president are, in practice, exercised by the prime minister heading the Council of Ministers . The president is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the council and to enforce the decrees passed by the Supreme Court under article 142. India achieved independence from the British on 15 August 1947 , initially as a dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations with George VI as king, represented in

7400-454: The president as the upholder of the constitution shall be satisfied that immediate action is mandatory as advised by the union cabinet and they are confident that the government commands majority support in the parliament needed for the passing of the ordinance into an act and parliament can be summoned to deliberate on the passing of the ordinance as soon as possible. The promulgated ordinance is treated as an act of parliament when in force and it

7500-401: The president can promulgate ordinances that have the same force and effect as an act passed by parliament under its legislative powers. These are in the nature of interim or temporary legislation and their continuance is subject to parliamentary approval. Ordinances remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the parliament is convened unless approved by it earlier. Under Article 123 ,

7600-474: The president to the governors of states per Article 160 . Union cabinet with prime minister as its head, should aid and advise the president in performing their functions. Per Article 74 (2) , the council of ministers or prime minister are not accountable legally to the advice tendered to the president but it is the sole responsibility of the president to ensure compliance with the constitution in performing their duties. President or their subordinate officers

7700-466: The president. However, in practice, such negotiations are usually carried out by the prime minister along with their Cabinet (especially the Minister of External Affairs ). Also, such treaties are subject to the approval of the parliament. The president represents India in international forums and affairs where such a function is chiefly ceremonial. The president may also send and receive diplomats, i.e.

7800-552: The president. The Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation. The parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list (see National emergency for explanation). A State Emergency can be imposed via the following: This type of emergency needs the approval of the parliament within 2 months. It can last up to a maximum of three years via extensions after each 6-month period. However, after one year it can be extended only if The Sarkaria Commission held that presidents have unconstitutionally misused

7900-454: The provision of Article 356 many times for achieving political motives, by dismissing the state governments although there was no constitutional break down in the states. During 2005, President's rule was imposed in Bihar state, misusing Article 356 unconstitutionally to prevent the democratically elected state legislators to form a government after the state elections. There is no provision in

8000-472: The quizzing society Illuminer Counsel(Ramjas chapter) and Ramjas literary society are also worthwhile mentions. Ramjas also has a very active NSS and NCC for both boys and girls. Ramjas is also for its student journals among many other things, some of the famous one are the Ramjas political review, run by the political science department,the Ramjas economic review run by the department of economics and Anubhuti,

8100-555: The residence of the Viceroy of India until October 1933, when it was given to the University of Delhi. Since then, it has housed the office of the vice-chancellor and other offices. When Sir Maurice Gwyer came to India in 1937 to serve as Chief Justice of British India, he became the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Delhi. During his time, postgraduate teaching courses were introduced and laboratories were established at

8200-583: The sciences include physicist Archana Bhattacharyya , theoretical physicist Pran Nath , SLAC physicist Jogesh Pati particle physicist Amitava Raychaudhuri , astrophysicist Vinod Krishan , chemists Charusita Chakravarty and Anil Kumar Tyagi , engineer and "father of the pentium processor " Vinod Dham , mathematician Eknath Prabhakar Ghate , astrophysicist Sangeeta Malhotra , engineer Yogi Goswami , neurosurgeon B. K. Misra (1st Vice-President of World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) , and biomaterials researcher Sanjukta Deb . Notable alumni in

8300-442: The state to observe certain principles (economy measures) relating to financial matters. Article 58 of the constitution sets the principal qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the president. A president must be: A person shall not be eligible for election as president if they hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or any local or other authority subject to

8400-517: The status of Centres of Advanced Studies. In addition, a number of the university's departments receive grants under the Special Assistance Programme of the University Grants Commission in recognition of their outstanding academic work. From the year 2022, DU changed its admission pattern from the 12th percentage mark based to CUET (Common University Entrance Test). Now it will admit students based on their CUET scores. And

8500-570: The students. Now almost equal in number, there were only two females out of 161 students in 1942–43 session. In January 2004, the College organised the first-ever Conference of Graduate Students of Economics from the SAARC countries. Ramjas was celebrating its Centennial legacy from 2016 and completed its 100 years celebration in January 2017. In 2017 India Post issued a postage stamp to commemorate

8600-528: The three faculties of the central university, including arts, commerce and science. The university offers 70 post-graduate degrees. DU also offers MPhil in about 28 subjects. In addition to these, it offers 90+ Certificate courses and 28 Diplomas. There are 15 Advanced Diplomas offered in various languages. The university offers PhD courses, which may be awarded by any faculty of the university under ordinance VI-B. But, speciality and super speciality medical degrees like DM , DCh etc., could only be awarded by

8700-582: The university by Commonwealth Games Organising Committee, there after in 2011, the university initiated an upgrade plan, to create a multi-purpose arena with both outdoor and indoor facilities. The university opened access to these facilities in late 2011. Notable alumni in Indian politics include: lawyer and former Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley ; Foreign Secretary of India Vijay Keshav Gokhale ; Minister of External Affairs S. Jaishankar ; former diplomat, writer and Member of Parliament Shashi Tharoor ;

8800-551: The university. Members of the faculty included Daulat Singh Kothari in Physics and Panchanan Maheshwari in Botany. Gwyer has been called the "maker of the university". He served as Vice-Chancellor until 1950. The silver jubilee year of the university in 1947 coincided with India's independence, and the national flag was hoisted in the main building for the first time by Vijayendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao . In that year there

8900-741: The university. It now has the School of Open Learning , the Faculty of Arts , the Faculty of Law , the Faculty of Management Studies and 16 colleges including Kirori Mal College , Lady Irwin College , Daulat Ram College , Hansraj College , Hindu College , Indraprastha College for Women , Mata Sundri College for Women , Lakshmibai College , Miranda House , Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College , Ramjas College , St. Stephen's College , Swami Shraddhanand College, Shri Ram College of Commerce , Satyawati College , Shyam Lal College . The campus also houses centres for graduate study and research, which include

9000-425: The whole of India or a part of its territory for causes of war or armed rebellion or an external aggression. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 ( Indo-China war ), 1971 ( Indo-Pakistan war ), and 1975 to 1977 (declared by Indira Gandhi ). Under Article 352 of the India constitution, the president can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the cabinet of ministers headed by

9100-474: Was adopted. Rai Sahab explained to Sharp that naming the university so might have catastrophic effects. There was no guarantee of the university would succeed in the future, and failure would certainly antagonize the prince. What would have been a move just to please the royalty might easily have ricocheted back at him. By no means could the wrath of the prince be called upon himself for the same. And thus, Rai Sahab’s trick worked. The University, established in 1922,

9200-546: Was affiliated with university of Punjab, Lahore up to intermediate level. Beginning from the humble precincts of Darya Ganj in Old Delhi . The college was named in memory of Lala Ramjas, father of Rai Kedar Nath, the founder of the college. In its starting days, the college was run by the Ramjas Foundation - an educational foundation that runs schools and educational institutions in Delhi. When University of Delhi

9300-789: Was also enrolled in Motilal Nehru College Notable DU alumni in poetry and literature include the Sahitya Akademi Award winning dramatist and playwright Harcharan Singh , the Urdu poet Akhtar ul Iman , and the writers Vikram Seth , Anita Desai (Shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times), Amitav Ghosh , Kunzang Choden , Upamanyu Chatterjee , Ali Sardar Jafri , and the Padma Vibhushan recipient Khushwant Singh . Notable alumni in

9400-692: Was established in 1922 was created by act of Central Legislative assembly. Hari Singh Gour served as the university's first Vice-Chancellor from 1922 to 1926. Only four colleges existed in Delhi at the time, which were affiliated to University of the Punjab at that time: All of the above colleges were subsequently affiliated to the university. The university initially had two faculties (Arts and Science) and approximately 750 students. The seat of power in British India had been transferred from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. The Viceregal Lodge Estate became

9500-404: Was formed in 1922, it was upgraded to degree level and brought under the University . Ramjas College has since been a humble part of that University. After formation of DU, the college was brought under government control but Ramjas Foundation kept looking over the administrative works of the college. In 1924, Its other branch named Ramjas intermediate college was opened at Daryaganj and old college

9600-535: Was moved to a new campus at Anand Parbat (which was then called Kala Pahad) near the serai Rohilla Station about two miles from heart of city. The college was then inaugurated at its new location by Mahatma Gandhi , who was also a good friend of Rai Kedar Nath. But during World War II , the college had to cede its campus at Anand Parbat to the British Wireless Experimental Centre . In the same period, at time of Quit India Movement ,

9700-519: Was no convocation ceremony due to the partition of India . Instead, a special ceremony was held in 1948, attended by then Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru , as well as by Lord Mountbatten , Lady Mountbatten , Abul Kalam Azad , Zakir Husain and Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar . Twenty-five years later the golden jubilee celebrations of 1973 were attended by the then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi , Satyajit Ray , Amrita Pritam , and M. S. Subbulakshmi . The university has grown into one of

9800-534: Was now officially called the University Of Delhi. Had it not been for the agitation and the endeavors of a great many people, the name of the country’s most acclaimed university would have been a real conundrum for many today. Founded on 17 January 1917 by the great educationist and philanthropist, Rai Kedar Nath, Ramjas College is the oldest college of Delhi University after Zakir Husain Delhi College, Hindu College and St. Stephen's College. Initially it

9900-425: Was removed in 2019. Governors of states are also appointed by the president who shall work at the pleasure of the president. Per Article 156 , the president is empowered to dismiss a governor who has violated the constitution in their acts. The president is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include: All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of

10000-550: Was transformed into the Netaji Subhas University of Technology . It was again established in 2023. The University of Delhi has two affiliated faculties: There are about 28 centres and institutes at DU. These are divided into four categories: There are 240 courses available at the university for undergraduate (UG) and post-graduate (PG). There are a total 201 courses offered by Delhi University like MBBS , B.Tech. etc. Courses are mainly classified under

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