109-717: Randy Shilts (August 8, 1951 – February 17, 1994) was an American journalist and author. After studying journalism at the University of Oregon , Shilts began working as a reporter for both The Advocate and the San Francisco Chronicle , as well as for San Francisco Bay Area television stations. In the 1980s, he was noted for being the first openly gay reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle . His first book, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk ,
218-479: A literary journalist in the tradition of Truman Capote and Norman Mailer . Undaunted by a lack of enthusiasm for his initial proposal for the Harvey Milk biography, Shilts reworked the concept, as he later said, after further reflection: I read Hawaii by James Michener . That gave me the concept for the book, the idea of taking people and using them as vehicles, symbols for different ideas. I would take
327-416: A long and complex relationship with Nike, Inc. , and the firm's co-founder Phil Knight . As a consequence of state higher-education disinvestment starting in the 1990s, UO has embraced a "University of Nike" image. Fueled by large investments in athletic infrastructure, this trend has accelerated in recent years. Knight, an alumnus, has advocated for both athletic prominence and increased privatisation of
436-495: A 1982 court order to do so. Its parts were melted down in a foundry that produced manhole covers. Journalist Randy Shilts wrote a biography of Milk in 1982, The Mayor of Castro Street , which discussed the assassinations, trial and riots in detail. The 1984 documentary film The Times of Harvey Milk won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . Execution of Justice , a play by Emily Mann , chronicles
545-556: A Modern Gay Martyr" was shown in the main gallery in the Society's former Mission Street location. The centerpiece was a section displaying the suit Milk was wearing at the time of his death. The suit is currently on display in the Society's permanent museum space in the Castro. In 2008 the film Milk depicted the assassinations as part of a biographical story about the life of gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk . The movie
654-476: A Supervisor after receiving loans from family and receiving encouragement from constituents. Moscone returned the letter, but on November 16, City Attorney George Agnost ruled that White had in fact resigned and was no longer on the Board, pending legal review, and whether White could be appointed back to the position from which he had just resigned was also an open question. Moscone stated that if "legal problems" in
763-536: A fourth book, examining homosexuality in the Roman Catholic Church. As a fellow reporter put it, despite an early death, in his books Shilts "rewrote history. In doing so, he saved a segment of history from extinction." Historian Garry Wills wrote of And the Band Played On , "This book will be to gay liberation what Betty Friedan was to early feminism and Rachel Carson 's Silent Spring
872-525: A gay 'beat' in the American mainstream press." AIDS, the disease that would later kill him, first came to nationwide attention that same year and soon Shilts devoted himself to covering the unfolding story of the disease and its medical, social, and political ramifications. During the early years of the AIDS crisis, he denounced San Francisco's gay leaders as "inept" and "a bunch of jerks," accusing them of hiding
981-646: A little less character." Despite being effectively homebound and on oxygen, he was able to attend the Los Angeles screening of the HBO film version of And the Band Played On in August 1993. Shilts died at 42 on February 17, 1994, at Davies Medical Center in San Francisco, California, being survived by his partner Barry Barbieri, his mother, and his brothers. His brother Gary had conducted a commitment service for
1090-445: A meeting with Moscone and was permitted to see him after the meeting with Brown ended. As White entered Moscone's outer office, Brown exited through another door. Moscone met White in the outer office, where White requested again to be re-appointed to his former seat. Moscone refused, and their conversation turned into a heated argument over Horanzy's pending appointment. Wishing to avoid a public scene, Moscone suggested they retreat to
1199-879: A member of both the San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) and the San Francisco Fire Department (SFFD). He and Harvey Milk were each elected to the Board of Supervisors in the November 1977 elections, which introduced district-based seats. The election ushered in "a range of legislators perhaps unmatched in San Francisco history in their diversity", including its first Chinese American ( Gordon Lau ), first unwed mother ( Carol Ruth Silver ), first black woman ( Ella Hill Hutch ), first homosexual (Harvey Milk) and first former firefighter (Dan White). All supervisors were sworn in on January 9, 1978, with Dianne Feinstein as
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#17328023512381308-471: A note included in The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , Shilts expressed his view of a reporter's duty to rise above criticism: I can only answer that I tried to tell the truth and, if not be objective, at least be fair; history is not served when reporters prize trepidation and propriety over the robust journalistic duty to tell the whole story. Shilts' tenacious reporting was highly praised by others in both
1417-439: A police officer), and ten extra rounds of ammunition in his coat pocket. White knocked on a basement lab window, and told a building engineer inside that he had misplaced his keys. White climbed into the window at about 10:25 a.m., thereby avoiding metal detectors and guards at public entrances. White proceeded to Moscone's office, where the mayor was conferring with California Assemblyman Willie Brown . White requested
1526-495: A police officer, to Frank Falzon and another detective, both former co-workers. In a police interrogation room that afternoon, White confessed to shooting Moscone and Milk, but denied premeditation . Part of the taped confession became public in 2014. An impromptu candlelight march consisting of tens of thousands started in the Castro District and ended at the steps of City Hall. Joan Baez led " Amazing Grace ", and
1635-472: A private lounge adjacent to his office. Witnesses later reported that they heard Moscone and White arguing, later followed by the gunshots that sounded like a car backfiring . At approximately 10:45 a.m., as Moscone lit a cigarette and proceeded to pour two drinks, White pulled out his revolver. He then fired at the mayor's shoulder and chest, tearing his lung. After Moscone fell to the floor, White approached him, pointed his gun 6 inches (150 mm) from
1744-468: A regular basis. I spoke with him a couple of days ago. He was mostly talking about -- his view is the next step to upgrade the academic side of the university is to get the Legislature to go along with his plan, which is a little bit complicated, but it's to take a step -- I hate to use the word because it's an oversimplification -- but to take a step toward becoming more of a private university. I think
1853-689: A time when "the very idea of a gay political biography was brand-new." Shilts's second book, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic , published in 1987, won the Stonewall Book Award and would sell over 700,000 copies until 2004. The book made Shilts a trusted commentator on AIDS, to the point that he was the closing speaker at 1989's Fifth International AIDS Conference in Montreal. And
1962-448: A year and a half after his release from prison. Feinstein was elected by the Board of Supervisors to become the first female mayor of San Francisco on December 4, 1978, a title she would hold for the next ten years. She eventually became a United States Senator for California until her death in 2023. In the mid-1970s, San Francisco and the surrounding Bay Area were the scene of a series of anti-government bombings largely attributed to
2071-491: Is " The Pioneer " a statue of a bearded, buckskin-clad pioneer cast in bronze by sculptor Alexander Phimister Proctor in 1919. In 1932, Proctor's " Pioneer Mother " statue was dedicated in the Women's Memorial Quadrangle on the other side of Johnson Hall; the two statues are aligned so they can "see" one another through the large windows of the hall's main floor. Lawrence Hall is at the end of hardscape walkway, directly north of
2180-881: Is a public research university in Eugene, Oregon , United States. Founded in 1876, the university is organized into nine colleges and schools and offers 420 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The university also operates the Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health in Portland, Oregon ; the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology in Charleston, Oregon ; and Pine Mountain Observatory in Central Oregon . UO's 295-acre campus
2289-711: Is adjacent to the West University neighborhood and Pioneer Cemetery . Eugene is near many prominent geographic features such as the Willamette River , the Cascade Mountain Range , and the Pacific Ocean. Also, within a two-hour drive is the Portland metropolitan area. The campus is occupied by approximately 80 buildings. However, there are several ongoing construction projects, as well as plans to build new facilities. The campus
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#17328023512382398-520: Is situated along the Willamette River . Most academic programs follow the 10-week quarter system . The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is a member of the Association of American Universities . Since July 2014, UO has been governed by its own board of trustees . UO student-athletes compete as the Oregon Ducks and are part of
2507-551: Is the home of the Oregon Bach Festival . Based on Ellis F. Lawrence's vision, many of the university's buildings are planned around several major quadrangles, many of which abut the 13th Avenue pedestrian mall. The university is known for being the site of a pioneering participatory planning experiment known as the Oregon Experiment , which is also the subject of a book of the same name that evolved into
2616-629: Is the subject of a 2019 biography, The Journalist of Castro Street: The Life of Randy Shilts by Andrew E. Stoner, released May 30, 2019 from the University of Illinois Press . In June 2019, Shilts was one of the inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument in New York City 's Stonewall Inn . In 2024, it
2725-690: The Aeneid by Virgil , Book VI, line 727. The motto is now shared with the Eindhoven University of Technology , the Military Academy of the German Armed Forces , and the University of Warwick . The Oregon State Legislature established the university in 1872 and named it Oregon State University. The residents of Eugene raised $ 27,500 to buy eighteen acres of land at a cost of $ 2,500. The doors opened in 1876 with
2834-664: The Big Ten Conference in the NCAA Division I . With eighteen varsity teams, the Oregon Ducks are best known for their football team and track and field program. These two teams are even incorporated into the design of the school's "O" logo. In the summer of 2022, UO hosted the 2022 World Athletics Championships . It was the first time the event was held in the United States. The university has
2943-485: The Chronicle between 1981 and 1985 as number 44 on a list of the top 100 works of journalism in the United States in the 20th century. Although Shilts told The New York Times he had declined to be told the results of his HIV test until he had completed the writing of And the Band Played On , concerned that the 1987 test result would interfere with his objectivity as a writer, he had earlier announced knowing that he
3052-714: The New World Liberation Front , a leftist militant group. Members of the city government, including the mayor , had received bombs in the mail or were subjected to bomb threats, as was City Hall itself. On February 9, 1977, a tighter security regime began at City Hall to protect the mayor and members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors , including locking most entrances, and providing security guards and metal detectors at public entrances, measures which had remained through 1978. Prior to entering city politics, Dan White had been
3161-598: The Oregon Institute of Marine Biology in Charleston, Oregon. The University of Oregon is home to the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art and the Museum of Natural and Cultural History . The campus has been smoke and tobacco free since 2012. The oldest section of campus is in the northwest area of the current campus. The university's first building, University Hall , opened on October 16, 1876, when
3270-677: The Peoples Temple in Jonestown . Prior to the group's move to Guyana , the Temple had been based in San Francisco , so most of the dead were recent Bay Area residents, as was Leo Ryan , the United States Congressman who was murdered in the incident. The city was plunged into mourning, and the issue of White's vacant Board of Supervisors seat was pushed aside for several days. On November 21, Moscone confirmed that
3379-525: The San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus sang a solemn hymn by Felix Mendelssohn . Upon learning of the assassinations, singer/songwriter Holly Near composed "Singing for Our Lives", also known as "Song for Harvey Milk". Moscone and Milk both lay in state at City Hall. Moscone's funeral at St Mary's Cathedral was attended by 4,500 people. He was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma . Milk
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3488-501: The mayor of San Francisco and Harvey Milk , a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors , were shot and killed inside San Francisco City Hall by former Supervisor Dan White . On the morning of that day, Moscone intended to announce that the Supervisor position from which White had previously resigned would be given to someone else. White, angered, entered City Hall before the scheduled announcement and first shot Moscone in
3597-486: The $ 9,600-per-year Supervisor salary and that being forced to work two jobs was preventing him from adequately serving his constituents. White's resignation quickly renewed a call to amend the city charter to raise Supervisor salaries, this time proposed in White's name by Silver. His resignation would leave an open seat on the Board of Supervisors, a vacancy which would be filled by appointment by Moscone. This alarmed some of
3706-576: The 1994 Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie. His last book, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf , which examined discrimination against lesbians and gays in the military , was published in 1993. Shilts and his assistants conducted over a thousand interviews while researching the book, the last chapter of which Shilts dictated from his hospital bed. Shilts saw himself as
3815-712: The 60s and 70s, fewer UO undergraduate students would go on to earn doctorates in the 80s, 90s, 2000s and 2010s. Prominent UO researchers of this era include Michael Posner , Frank Stahl , George Streisinger and Aaron Novick . . UO experienced state disinvestment in the 1980s during the tenure of president Paul Olum. Further state disinvestment occurred during the 1990s and during the Great Recession. Many programs have been scaled back or eliminated. In recent years UO's administration and Board of Trustees have approved hundreds of millions of dollars in construction projects. These facilities include Matthew Knight Arena,
3924-537: The Advocate Experience. Shilts also says The Advocate was a "publication that had all these dirty classified ads in it. That I couldn’t send the publication to my parents that I worked for because it was all filled up with 'Gay white man wants somebody to piss on,' you know?" He subsequently worked as a freelance journalist until he was hired as a national correspondent by the San Francisco Chronicle in 1981, becoming "the first openly gay reporter with
4033-557: The Band Played On is an extensively researched account of the early days of the AIDS epidemic in the United States . The book was translated into seven languages, and was later made into an HBO film of the same name in 1993, with many big-name actors in starring or supporting roles, including Matthew Modine , Richard Gere , Anjelica Huston , Phil Collins , Lily Tomlin , Ian McKellen , Steve Martin , and Alan Alda , among others. The film earned twenty nominations and nine awards, including
4142-549: The Board on April 3, 1978 and signed by Moscone soon after. A city charter amendment to raise the salaries of Supervisors was proposed in the summer of 1978, and a committee White was on stopped the amendment from going forward, in the context of the then-recent passage of California Proposition 13 in June. The low salary of the Supervisor position took its toll on White, and he tendered his resignation to Moscone on November 10. White stated that he could not support his family on only
4251-489: The Board. He scheduled a press conference to make this announcement on November 27, at 11:30 a.m.; advance copy had been sent to newspapers with late editions so they could begin preparing their stories. White arranged for a former aide to drive him to City Hall on the morning Moscone was to make his announcement. He was carrying a five-round .38-caliber Smith & Wesson Model 36 Chief's Special loaded with hollow-point bullets (his service revolver from his work as
4360-777: The Ford Alumni Center, the EMU renovation (student union building), and dormitories. This has occurred in tandem with state budget reductions, tuition increases, and increases in out-of-state enrollment. In 2016, the university removed the name of Frederic Stanley Dunn , head of the Classics department in the 1920s and 30s, from the dormitory Dunn Hall, because of his leading role in the Ku Klux Klan . Measure 5 established limits on property taxes in Oregon. This impacted
4469-547: The Hayward Field renovation project. Major publications including the New York Times and Wall Street Journal have described the university as the "University of Nike". A book titled The University of Nike , written by Joshua Hunt, describes Nike and Phil Knight's influence on the university. As of 2022, 16.5% of UO's gross square footage is purpose-built for the university's sports programs. In 2010,
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4578-458: The Mayor's office, then Milk in White's former office space, before escaping the building. Board of Supervisors President Dianne Feinstein first announced Moscone and Milk's deaths to the media, and because of Moscone's death, succeeded him as acting mayor. White was charged with first-degree murder with circumstances that made him eligible for the death penalty . However, on May 21, 1979, White
4687-639: The PAC's stated goal was to help facilitate an increase in autonomy at the University of Oregon. In reaction to a growing movement to establish an independent university board, the Oregon Legislature in 2013 passed SB 270, requiring local governing boards for the state's three largest institutions. In 2014, the University of Oregon became an independent public body governed by the Board of Trustees of
4796-456: The Robert D. Clark Honors College. The center of campus houses a mixture of academic buildings, an administration building, and student recreation buildings. Just to the east of Memorial Quad, facing 13th Avenue is Johnson Hall where offices for higher administration and trustee offices are found, including the offices of the university president. Directly across 13th Avenue, facing Johnson Hall
4905-568: The School of Education in 1910, the School of Architecture , the College of Business in 1914, the School of Law in 1915, the School of Journalism in 1916, and the School of Health and Physical Education in 1920. However, the University of Oregon lost its School of Engineering to Oregon Agricultural College , now known as Oregon State University . In 1917, a "three term" (quarter system) calendar
5014-647: The US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf , examined discrimination against lesbians and gays in the military . Shilts garnered several accolades for his work. He was honored with the 1988 Outstanding Author award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors , the 1990 Mather Lectureship at Harvard University , and the 1993 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists' Association . Diagnosed with HIV in 1985, Shilts died of an AIDS-related illness in 1994 at
5123-611: The United States government and forcibly removed to the Coast Indian Reservation in Western Oregon. Today, Kalapuya descendants are primarily citizens of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde and the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. The university's motto, mens agitat molem translates from Latin as "mind moves mass", or poetically as "minds move mountains." The line comes from
5232-424: The University of California at Eugene. That's the result of the current Legislature's policies. On March 31, 2012, a Political Action Committee called Oregonians For Higher Education Excellence was formed by Columbia Sportswear CEO Tim Boyle . As of May 23, 2012, the organization has raised over $ 320,000. Notable contributors to the PAC include, Phil Knight , Patrick Kilkenny, and Tim Boyle. According to Boyle,
5341-530: The University of Oregon . Proponents of local governing boards claimed that an independent board would give the university more autonomy and free it from inadequate state funding. This change of the board structure that eventually allowed the University of Oregon to leave the Pac12 and move to the Big10 without consideration for other state-funded universities in the state, i.e. Oregon State. Michael H. Schill became
5450-599: The University of Pittsburgh. In 1969, the UO was admitted into the Association of American Universities , along with Case Western Reserve University, the University of Maryland, and the University of Southern California. Graduate enrollment peaked during the 1978-79 academic year at 4,568. From 1970 to 1979, 2,614 doctoral degrees were awarded at UO cumulatively. From 1970 to 1979, 817 UO undergraduate students would go on to earn doctoral degrees at UO or another institution. Despite increases in total undergraduate enrollment since
5559-459: The William W. Knight Law Center. Knight did not make a major contribution to academics between 1996 and 2016. Knight is an athletic booster . He has contributed to, and managed, the construction of various athletic department facilities. Knight's involvement in said projects usually does not involve any university oversight, making them controversial. Knight also financed the majority of
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#17328023512385668-616: The age of 42. Born August 8, 1951, in Davenport, Iowa , Shilts grew up in Aurora, Illinois , with five brothers in a conservative, working-class family. He majored in journalism at the University of Oregon , where he worked on the student newspaper, the Oregon Daily Emerald , as managing editor. While an undergraduate he came out publicly as gay, and ran for student office with the slogan "Come out for Shilts." Randy Shilts
5777-454: The assassinations. Specifically, the victim(s) were elected officials of a local government of California and the killing was intentionally carried out in retaliation for or to prevent the performance of the victim(s) official duties; and, more than one murder was committed. Murder with special circumstances meant that, if convicted, White could have faced the death penalty . White's defense team claimed that he suffered from depression at
5886-405: The city's White Night riots immediately after the verdict was announced. The verdict also ultimately led to changes by the legislature in 1981 and statewide voters in 1982 that ended California's diminished-capacity defense and substituted a somewhat different and slightly more limited "diminished actuality" defense. White never made a direct statement of remorse, and only one relayed as hearsay
5995-412: The city's business interests and White's constituents, as it indicated the mayor would tip the balance of power on the Board and appoint a liberal representative for the more conservative district. On November 15, five days after resigning, White asked Moscone to return his letter of resignation (a letter that had already been accepted and filed by the Board) and expressed his intent to continue serving as
6104-460: The city's legal position on White was that he had resigned, and further, that filling White's vacancy was a week away. He again made no guarantee of re-appointing White unless he was legally obligated to. White appeared to interpret Moscone's statements to mean that he would be re-appointed to his former position. Rather than re-appoint White, Moscone decided to appoint Don Horanzy, a more liberal federal housing official, to White's former position on
6213-402: The clothing White had worn, a tape of his police interrogation, liquor bottles and glasses from the site of Moscone's shooting, and White's original resignation letter to Moscone. The revolver used in the murders was for a time assumed missing from police evidence storage. An SFPD clerk later confirmed that he had destroyed it "in 1983 or thereabouts" while witnessed by his supervisor, and under
6322-404: The couple the previous year. After a funeral service at Glide Memorial Church , Shilts was buried at Redwood Memorial Gardens in Guerneville; his longtime friend, Daniel R. Yoder (1952–1995), was later buried alongside him. Shilts bequeathed 170 cartons of papers, notes, and research files to the local history section of the San Francisco Public Library . At the time of his death, he was planning
6431-415: The door was closed, White positioned himself between the doorway and Milk, and after a brief conversation, opened fire on Milk at 10:55 a.m. The first bullet hit Milk's right wrist as he tried to protect himself. White continued firing rapidly, hitting Milk twice more in the chest, then fired a fourth bullet at Milk's head, killing him, followed by a fifth shot into his skull at close range. White fled
6540-433: The emerging epidemic. In 1984, Shilts controversially supported closing the city's gay bathhouses . In addition to his extensive journalism, Shilts wrote three books. His first book, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , is a biography of openly gay San Francisco politician Harvey Milk , who was assassinated by a political rival, Dan White , in 1978. The book broke new ground, being written at
6649-440: The events leading to the assassinations. The play opened on Broadway in March 1986 and in 1999, it was adapted to film for cable network Showtime , with Tim Daly portraying White. The Moscone–Milk assassinations and the trial of Dan White were lampooned by the Dead Kennedys with their re-written version of " I Fought the Law " which appeared in their 1987 compilation album Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death . The photo on
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#17328023512386758-404: The finality of White's resignation arose, he would appoint White back to the seat, but in any case, some of the more liberal city leaders, most notably Milk and Silver, lobbied Moscone not to reappoint him. On November 17, Moscone stated that White's resignation was final and gave no indication that he was guaranteed to be re-appointed. On November 18, news broke of the mass deaths of members of
6867-521: The front cover of their 1980 album Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables , which shows several police cars on fire, was taken during the White Night riots of May 21, 1979. In 2003, the story of Milk's assassination and of the White Night Riot was featured in an exhibition created by the GLBT Historical Society , a San Francisco museum, archives and research center to which the estate of Scott Smith donated Milk's personal belongings that were preserved after his death. "Saint Harvey: The Life and Afterlife of
6976-484: The gay and straight communities who saw him as "the pre-eminent chronicler of gay life and spokesman on gay issues". Shilts was honored with the 1988 Outstanding Author award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors , the 1990 Mather Lectureship at Harvard University , and the 1993 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists' Association. In 1999, the Department of Journalism at New York University ranked Shilts's AIDS reporting for
7085-462: The head wounds brought instant death without question, particularly because White fired at very close range. White's resignation, and all subsequent events including the shootings, caused positional changes inside San Francisco's city government. At the top two levels, these were: White was charged with first-degree murder with two special circumstances, both of which had been passed into law through California Proposition 7 only three weeks before
7194-400: The institution's track and field venue. The outside of the logo is said to represent Autzen Stadium , which is UO's football stadium. Phil Knight has financed hundreds of millions of dollars worth of construction projects on UO's campus going back to the late-1980s. Knight contributed to the renovation and expansion of the Main Library, now called the Knight Library , and the construction of
7303-456: The intersection of 13th Avenue and University Street. It houses the School of Architecture and Allied Arts and is named after its first dean, Ellis F. Lawrence , in 1957. Allen Hall, opened in 1954, is adjacent to Lawrence Hall and houses the School of Journalism and Communication. Additionally, Erb Memorial Union and the recreation center are in this part of campus. Moscone-Milk assassinations On November 27, 1978, George Moscone ,
7412-445: The intersection with Kincaid Street. Student recreation and union centers are toward the center of the campus, with residence halls on the east side. Sports facilities are grouped in the southern-central part of campus with the Autzen Stadium and PK Park complexes across the Willamette River. The university also owns and operates several satellite facilities, including a large facility in the White Stag Block of downtown Portland and
7521-484: The legal freedom to borrow money for large capital projects. Lariviere's proposal called for $ 800 million in state bonds and "an equal amount" of private gifts. The new funds would provide a large boost to UO's then modest endowment. In a 2010 interview, UO booster Phil Knight discussed the New Partnership. Knight explained that Lariviere's plan would allow UO greater control and possibly allow it to set its own tuition for in-state students. Oh, I talk to [Lariviere] on
7630-502: The life-and-times approach and tell the whole story of the gay movement in this way, using Harvey as the major vehicle. Although Shilts was applauded for bringing public attention to gay civil rights issues and the AIDS crisis, he was also harshly criticized (and spat upon on Castro Street ) by some in the gay community for calling for the closure of gay bathhouses in San Francisco to slow the spread of AIDS. Fellow Bay Area journalist Bob Ross called Shilts "a traitor to his own kind". In
7739-415: The mayor's head, and fired two additional bullets into Moscone's ear lobes, killing him instantly. While standing over Moscone's body, White reloaded his revolver. Immediately following Moscone's murder, White left the mayor's office and hurried toward the shared office of the Board of Supervisors, at the other end of City Hall, where each supervisor had an enclosed cubicle and desk. Dianne Feinstein , who
7848-474: The more neighborhood-oriented approach favored by Mayor George Moscone , who was also elected in 1977. Debate among the board members was sometimes acrimonious and saw White verbally sparring with other supervisors, including Milk and Carol Ruth Silver. Further tension arose when Milk voted in favor of placing a group home within White's district. Subsequently, White would cast the only vote in opposition to San Francisco's landmark gay rights ordinance, passed by
7957-543: The most prescient chronicler of 20th century American gay history. In 2006, Reporter Zero , a half-hour biographical documentary about Shilts featuring interviews with friends and colleagues, was produced and directed by filmmaker Carrie Lozano. In 2014, Shilts was one of the inaugural honorees in the Rainbow Honor Walk , a walk of fame in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood noting LGBTQ people who have "made significant contributions in their fields." Shilts
8066-401: The name of "Oregon State University" and University Hall as its sole building. The first year of enrollment contained 155 students taught by five faculty members. The first graduating class was in 1878, graduating five students. In 1881, the university was nearly closed; it was $ 8,000 in debt before Henry Villard donated $ 7,000 to help pay it. In 1913 and 1932, there were proposals to merge
8175-409: The newly installed UO president, Richard Lariviere, proposed establishing a new governance and funding model for UO. The New Partnership, as it became known, sought to establish an independent board and large endowment to fund the university into the future. Funding had become too low and unpredictable for UO officials, and the new model would provide the university with a consistent stream of funding and
8284-407: The news media covered AIDS." A San Francisco Chronicle reporter summed up the achievement of his late "brash and gutsy" colleague: Perhaps because Shilts remains controversial among some gays, there is no monument to him. Nor is there a street named for him, as there are for other San Francisco writers such as Jack Kerouac and Dashiell Hammett . ... Shilts' only monument is his work. He remains
8393-517: The police chief while speaking, instead announced to shocked reporters that Moscone and Milk had both been murdered. White left City Hall unchallenged. He took the keys of his former aide's car from her desk and drove to a diner, where he called his wife from a payphone ; they met at a nearby church. Approximately thirty minutes after leaving City Hall, White turned himself in at the SFPD's Northern Station precinct, at which he had previously served as
8502-529: The president of the board. The city charter prohibited anyone from retaining two city jobs simultaneously, so White resigned from his higher paying job with the SFFD. During 1978, White would try to supplement his salary as a Supervisor, totaling $ 9,600 per year, with a food concession stand on Pier 39 . With regard to business development issues, the eleven-member Board was split roughly 6–5 in favor of pro-growth advocates including White, over those who advocated
8611-405: The punishment so poorly matched the deed and circumstances that most San Franciscans believed White essentially got away with murder . In particular, many in the local gay community were outraged by the verdict and the resulting reduced prison sentence. Since Milk had been homosexual, many felt that homophobia had been a motivating factor in the jury's decision. This groundswell of anger sparked
8720-485: The recent influx in private gifts given by mega-donors, as of 2020, UO's state subsidy per resident student is one of the lowest in both the Association of American Universities and Pac-12 Conference. The school's "O" logo was officially adopted by the university as a whole in 2002. Designed by Nike , it was first adopted by the athletic program in late-1998. The inside of the logo is said to depict Hayward Field ,
8829-413: The scene before Feinstein entered the office and found Milk's body. She felt Milk's neck for a pulse, her finger entering a bullet wound. Rumors about what had happened began to circulate, but were not confirmed until about 11:20 a.m. At that time, Feinstein addressed assembled media which had expected the announcement of Horanzy's appointment. Feinstein, shaking so badly that she required support from
8938-473: The shootings and had only mentioned Twinkies in passing. Rather, the defense argued that White's depression led to a state of mental diminished capacity , leaving him unable to have formed the premeditation necessary to commit first-degree murder. The jury accepted these arguments, and White was convicted of the lesser crime of voluntary manslaughter . He was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. The verdict proved to be highly controversial, and many felt that
9047-536: The south side, and the Lillis Business Complex on the north. It is flanked on the west by the tallest building on campus, Prince Lucien Campbell Hall , also known as "PLC", Condon Hall on the west, housing the Geography department, and the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art on the east, which was remodeled and reopened on January 23, 2005. Also adjacent to Memorial Quad is Chapman Hall, which houses
9156-428: The state budget, and led to budget and programmatic cuts at UO starting the 1990s. The College of Human Performance and Development was closed. Furthermore, many of the school's primary and secondary teacher training programs were eliminated. By 1997, more than 20 other programs were closed or significantly reduced in size. UO has initiated three capital campaigns in the last 30 years. The first campaign of this era
9265-415: The state provides about 7 percent of the funding now, so basically it is a private university that's hamstrung by public policy ... He's hamstrung in the sense he can't charge more tuition than the Legislature will let him do for in-state kids. So he loses money on every state kid that enrolls in the University of Oregon and he makes money on every kid that comes from out of state. So, increasingly, it's become
9374-415: The time of the shootings, evidenced by many changes in his behavior, including changes in his diet. Inaccurate media reports said his defense had presented junk food consumption as the cause of his mental state, rather than a symptom of it, leading to the derisive term " Twinkie defense "; this became a persistent myth, despite the fact that neither defense lawyer had argued junk food caused White to commit
9483-419: The time. With contributions exceeding $ 100 million from benefactors such as Phil Knight and Lorry I. Lokey , the campaign goal was exceeded by over $ 253 million. In the fall of 2014, the institution announced that it would attempt to raise $ 2 billion from donors. In the fall of 2018, the campaign revised its goal to $ 3 billion. Substantial gifts were donated by Phil Knight and his wife. In October 2016, it
9592-461: The university had an enrollment of 177 students. It was known as "the building" before being named after Judge Matthew Deady in 1893. In June 2020, Deady's name was removed from the building in and it was temporarily renamed University Hall. The second building on campus is known as Villard Hall and is home to the Theater Arts and Comparative Literature Departments. Completed in 1886, the hall
9701-422: The university with what is now Oregon State University . Both proposals were defeated. During Prince Lucien Campbell's tenure as president from 1902 to 1925, the university experienced tremendous growth. The budget, enrollment, facilities, and faculty members all grew several times its amount prior to his presidency. Numerous schools were also established during his tenure, including the School of Music in 1902,
9810-441: The university's president in the summer of 2015. In June 2015, UO's endowment surpassed the $ 700 million mark. In 2022, Schill became president at Northwestern University. Karl Scholz has been president since July 1, 2023. The campus is spread over 295 acres (119 ha) and includes eighty buildings . Additionally, the campus is an arboretum consisting of 500 species of trees. In total there are over 3,000 trees on campus. It
9919-531: The university, and has donated over $ 1 billion to UO since the late-1980s, much of it going towards athletics. The school's "O" logo was designed by Nike in 1998 and sports facility projects on campus typically involve both Knight and Nike. The University of Oregon is located on Kalapuya ilihi, the traditional indigenous homeland of the Kalapuya people. Following treaties between 1851 and 1855, Kalapuya people were dispossessed of their indigenous homeland by
10028-443: The well known book A Pattern Language by Christopher Alexander . The project's two major principles are buildings should be designed, in part, by the people who will use them with the help of an "architect facilitator", and construction should occur over many small projects as opposed to a few large ones. Although academic buildings are spread throughout the campus, most are along East 13th Avenue, with heavy pedestrian traffic at
10137-418: Was cremated and his ashes were spread across the Pacific Ocean. Feinstein, as president of the Board of Supervisors, acceded to the mayor's office, becoming the first woman to serve in that office . The coroner who worked on Moscone and Milk's bodies later concluded that the wrist and chest bullet wounds were not fatal, and that both victims probably would have survived with proper medical attention. However,
10246-423: Was HIV positive since 1985. In 1992, Shilts became ill with Pneumocystis pneumonia and suffered a collapsed lung; the following year, he was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma . In a New York Times interview in the spring of 1993, Shilts observed, "HIV is certainly character-building. It's made me see all of the shallow things we cling to, like ego and vanity. Of course, I'd rather have a few more T-cells and
10355-488: Was a biography of LGBT activist Harvey Milk . His second book, And the Band Played On , chronicled the history of the AIDS epidemic . Despite some controversy surrounding the book in the LGBT community, Shilts was praised for his meticulous documentation of an epidemic that was little-understood at the time. It was later made into an HBO film of the same name in 1993. His final book, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in
10464-497: Was a critical and commercial success, with Victor Garber portraying Moscone, Sean Penn playing Milk and Josh Brolin playing White. Penn won an Oscar for his performance and Brolin was nominated. In January 2012, the Berkeley Repertory Theater premiered Ghost Light , a play exploring the effect of Moscone's assassination on his son Jonathan , who was 14 at the time of his father's death. The production
10573-731: Was adopted by the university faculty as a war-time measure. This academic calendar has remained ever since then. However, it is now referred to as the Quarter System. The Zorn-MacPherson Bill in 1932 proposed the University of Oregon and Oregon State College (now "University") merge. The bill lost in a landslide vote of over 6 to 1. The University of Oregon Medical School was founded in 1887 in Portland and merged with Willamette University 's program in 1913. However, in 1974 it became an independent institution known as Oregon Health Sciences University . The Institute of Molecular Biology
10682-548: Was announced Phil Knight and his wife Penny will contribute $ 500 million to establish the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact. At the time it was the largest donation to a public research university. Knight gave an additional $ 500 million to the Knight Campus in 2021. In 2022, Steve Ballmer made a large gift of $ 425 million to fund a new institute for children's behavioral health . Despite
10791-452: Was announced that author Michael Lee would write a biography about Shilts's life. About the biography, Lee stated, "I think that he has a very substantial and complicated legacy. And I think that that legacy still plays out today. And I'm hoping that with this book it captures more of that complexity in a way that actually portrays the full human that he was." University of Oregon The University of Oregon ( UO , U of O or Oregon )
10900-582: Was convicted of the lesser crime of voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, which resulted in the White Night riots and the abolition of the diminished capacity criminal defense in California . It also led to the commonly cited " Twinkie defense ", as the defense had stated in passing that White's diminished capacity was partially evidenced by his consumption of sugar-laden junk food. White committed suicide in 1985,
11009-489: Was established at the university in 1959. UO served as the filming location for the 1978 cult classic National Lampoon's Animal House . The 60s and 70s were somewhat of a golden age for the university. In 1964, the university ranked 25th nationally in National Science Foundation basic research grants, ahead of the University of Rochester, Northwestern University, the University of Colorado and
11118-480: Was given by a prison duty nurse who attended to White in 1983. He was paroled in 1984 and served this parole in the Los Angeles area, away from San Francisco. Frank Falzon, the detective who took White's statement after the assassinations, said in 1998 that he met with White in 1984 and that White had admitted that not only was his killing of Moscone and Milk premeditated, but he had actually planned to kill Silver and Brown as well. Falzon quoted White as having said, "I
11227-473: Was launched with a goal of $ 150 million. It ended up raising a total of $ 255.3 million between 1992 and 1998. With financial support from the state dwindling from 40% to 13% of the university budget, in January 2001, University President Dave Frohnmayer began Campaign Oregon with the goal of raising $ 600 million by December 2008, the most ambitious philanthropic fundraising campaign in the state's history at
11336-452: Was like to be gay. If they didn't know, how were things going to change?" In 1998, Shilts was memorialized in the Hall of Achievement at the University of Oregon School of Journalism , honoring his refusal to be "boxed in by the limits that society offered him. As an out gay man, he carved a place in journalism that was not simply groundbreaking but internationally influential in changing the way
11445-478: Was named after railroad magnate Henry Villard , who provided financial aid to the university in 1881. Before its naming, it was known as "the new building." Both University and Villard Halls were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1977. Just south of Old Campus is the Memorial Quad, which runs north and south along Kincaid Street, capped at both ends by the main campus library, Knight Library , on
11554-399: Was on a mission. I wanted four of them. Carol Ruth Silver, she was the biggest snake ... and Willie Brown, he was masterminding the whole thing." After serving his parole, White moved back to the San Francisco area in early 1985, and committed suicide there that October. In the late 1990s, Falzon showed a KTVU reporter some of the evidence that still existed in police custody, including
11663-642: Was one of the first openly gay journalists to write for a major US newspaper. His writing focused on LGBT issues, including the struggle for gay rights. Shilts graduated near the top of his class in 1975, but as an openly gay man, he struggled to find full-time employment in what he characterized as the homophobic environment of newspapers and television stations at that time. Shilts wrote for gay news magazine The Advocate but quit in 1978 after publisher David Goodstein began requiring employees to participate in EST ; Shilts later wrote an exposé of Goodstein's brand of EST,
11772-555: Was then president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, saw White run past her office door and called after him. White responded with, "I have something to do first." White intercepted Milk as he was speaking to a radio reporter and acquaintance in the Supervisors' office. White interrupted the conversation with a knock and asked Milk to step inside his former office for a moment. Milk agreed to join him. Once
11881-425: Was to environmentalism." NAMES Project founder Cleve Jones described Shilts as "a hero" and characterized his books as "without question the most important works of literature affecting gay people." After his death, his longtime friend and assistant Linda Alband explained the motivation that drove Shilts: "He chose to write about gay issues for the mainstream precisely because he wanted other people to know what it
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