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31-461: At the beginning of the 17th century, Brno city council purchased and remodelled a complex of medieval houses located on Zelný trh. One of the houses in the block, the Liechtenstein house, was redesigned as a tavern in 1605. The tavern was extended with assembly rooms for holding ceremonies and receptions, and in 1634, another house was integrated into the main building. The new hall served as

62-550: A smallpox epidemic forced Leopold Mozart and his children Wolfgang and Nannerl to escape from Vienna and accept shelter offered by the brother of their patron, Salzburg Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach . On 25 October, Count František Antonín Schrattenbach met with the Mozart family in Brno . He immediately began planning a performance for Wolfgang and Nannerl. However, Leopold Mozart decided to continue travelling, and

93-464: A traiteur 's, or order meals to go. The cooks and caterers guild – informally known as the traiteurs – progressively claimed the right to make any sophisticated meals, leaving inns and taverns to mainly make roast or grilled meat. As of the late seventeenth century, many offered a table d'hôte , a meal offered at a set price with no choice of dishes. However both cabarets and traiteurs could also offer individual choice of dishes, despite claims to

124-641: A cash economy, it was essential to raise one's esteem with fellow craftsmen to whom one could turn for favors in preference to the Verlag capitalist. A restaurant in Greece is commonly known as a taverna . Their history begins in Classical times, with the earliest evidence of a taverna discovered at the Ancient Agora of Athens ; the style remains the same to this day. Greek tavernes (plural of taverna) are

155-429: A move towards "gastro" pubs where the menu is more ambitious. Originally, taverns served as rest stops about every fifteen miles and their main focus was to provide shelter to anyone who was traveling. Such taverns would be divided into two major parts – the sleeping quarters and the bar . There is generally a sign with some type of symbol, often related to the name of the premises, to draw in customers. The purpose of this

186-590: A place for occasional performances by travelling theatrical companies. In the 1730s, the building was remodelled again with the addition of a new theater and ballroom. Known in the 18th century as the Taverna Theatre (or Theater in der Taffern to the German-speaking inhabitants of the city), it served as a venue for theatrical performances presented mainly in German and Italian . In October 1767,

217-686: A recent addition. In Byzantine times, tavernes were the place for a social gathering, to enjoy a meal, live music and friendly talk with a drink accompanied by small variety dishes ( mezes ). In former Yugoslavia, the kafana serves food and alcoholic beverages. The most frequent Czech translation of tavern or pub is "hospoda". It comes out from hospodář (landlord) and is also close to hostitel (host), host (guest) and hostina (dinner, banquet). And also to Russian gospodin (master, lord, sir) and, not to forget, to hospitality . Traditionally, "hospoda" or "hostinec" were full-fledged facilities, providing lodging, meals and drink, an inn . In modern times,

248-441: A wider variety of foods, though it would be cabarets and later traiteurs which offered the finest meals before the restaurant appeared in the 18th century. Their stated purpose, however, was to serve wine (not beer or cider, which had other outlets) and they were so disreputable that women of any standing avoided them. After 1500, taxes on wine and other alcoholic beverages grew increasingly more burdensome, not only because of

279-457: Is an expressive word, and "krčma" is rather archaic in Czech. The word "taverna" (from Italian) is understood as a foreign term for establishment from South-European cultures, especially Greek or Italian. In Moravia , especially South Moravia, this social role is rather fulfilled by "wine cellars". Slovak language prefers the word "krčma" as a neutral colloquial term for pubs and restaurants. It

310-468: Is an old panslavic word. One of the earliest references to a tavern is found in the Code of Hammurabi . Traiteur (culinary profession) A traiteur ( / ˈ t r ɛ t ɜːr / ; French: [tʁɛ.tœʁ] ) is a French food-seller, whose places of business were arguably the precursors of the modern restaurant . Prior to the late 18th century, diners who wished to "dine out" could dine at

341-603: Is no seating on the business premises; a few traiteurs may have very limited seating. Especially in market towns, where there is competition, traiteurs take great pride in the beauty of their window displays. Traiteur 'departments' are now common in supermarchés , the equivalent of the US/UK delicatessen . The staple of this type of business is an array of salads , cold meat and seafood dishes. In 2018, 10,090 traiteurs operated in France. This food -related article

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372-621: Is not used for wine bars.) As drinking beer is an important part of the Czech culture, inviting to "hospoda" generally means: "let's go and have a drink together, let's meet, chat, and socialize…". It is often equipped with a TV, billiards table, darts etc. Pubs serve both local regulars as well as excursionists, tourists and other guests. Establishments specialized primarily in the consumption of beer (beer bars) are called "výčep" ("výčap" in Slovak), expressively "nálevna", or "pajzl" (from German Baisel, originally from Jidish). "Knajpa" (from German)

403-563: Is now used to describe these houses. The legacy of taverns and inns is now only found in the pub names, e.g. Fitzroy Tavern , Silver Cross Tavern , Spaniards Inn , etc. The word also survives in songs such as " There is a Tavern in the Town ". The range and quality of pubs varies wildly throughout the UK as does the range of beers, wines, spirits and foods available. Most quality pubs will still serve cask ales and food. In recent years there has been

434-459: Is to indicate that the establishment sells alcohol and to set it apart from the competition. Scandinavia had very high drinking rates, which led to the formation of a powerful prohibition movement in the 19th century. Magnusson (1986) explains why consumption of spirits was so high in a typical preindustrial village ( Eskilstuna ) in Sweden , 1820–50. An economic feature of this town of blacksmiths

465-458: The trumpets , because they were incapable of playing in tune with one another." On the other hand, Vice- Kapellmeister Leopold Mozart was fully satisfied with the orchestra performance. On 9 January 1768, the family headed back to Vienna. After a series of extensive fires in 1785 and 1786, the city council decided to rebuild the theatre in the neoclassical architectural style , with a new two-story main hall. The reconstructed theatre, now named

496-553: The Czech Republic and Slovakia for guest performances. Tavern A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging . An inn is a tavern that has a license to put up guests as lodgers. The word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning

527-469: The Reduta Theatre, presented mainly German plays, with performances in Czech held only infrequently. The last devastating fire in 1870 caused the theatre to close again, after which the building was used as the city market hall. In 1918, following the establishment of the new Czechoslovak state , the activities of the theatre were again restored. In the 1950s, the building was redesigned according to

558-627: The continual increase in the level of taxation but also because of the bewildering variety and multiplicity of the taxes. This chaotic system was enforced by an army of tax collectors. The resultant opposition took many forms. Wine growers and tavern keepers concealed wine and falsified their methods of selling it to take advantage of lower tax rates. The retailers also refilled their casks secretly from hidden stocks. Wine merchants stealthily circumvented inspection stations to avoid local import duties. When apprehended, some defrauders reacted with passive resignation, while others resorted to violence. Situated at

589-403: The contrary. In modern France, the word often refers to a caterer . Traiteur is an agent noun formed from the verb traiter ('treat'), which literally refers to the action of "treating" someone to something (for instance, a meal). The root of the verb is Latin tractare ('manage, handle'), a frequentative of trahere ('pull, draw'): in ancient times, for example, Latins used

620-526: The expression littera tractoria (roughly rendered as 'treatment letter') to indicate a document the envoys of a prince would be given to receive food, accommodation and means of transport in the lands they would pass by, so to get a full treatment along their way. This Latin root originated both French traiteur and Italian trattoria . Today in France, a traiteur is a catering business devoted to take-out food and service of banquets. Many traiteurs also undertake home delivery. Generally there

651-696: The family went on to Olomouc . Unfortunately, the epidemic affected young Wolfgang, and they had to stay in Olomouc until his recovery. On 24 December, they came back to Brno and spent Christmas there. On 30 December 1767, the child prodigies performed in the Taverna Theatre. According to a diary entry by Aurelius Augustin, provost of the monastery in Šternberk : "... a Salzburg boy of eleven years and his sister of fifteen years, accompanied on various instruments by inhabitants of Brno, excited everyone's imagination; but he [young Wolfgang] could not endure

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682-406: The heart of the country town or village, the tavern was one of the traditional centers of social and political life before 1789, a meeting place for both the local population and travelers passing through and a refuge for rogues and scoundrels. Taverns symbolized opposition to the regime and to religion. Taverns sometimes served as restaurants . In Paris, the first restaurant in the modern sense of

713-552: The household, women could deploy public power to impose limits on men's drinking behaviour. Taverns were popular places used for business as well as for eating and drinking – the London Tavern was a notable meeting place in the 18th and 19th centuries, for example. However, the word tavern is no longer in popular use in the UK as there is no distinction between a tavern and an inn. Both establishments serve wine and beer/ale. The term ' pub ' (an abbreviation of 'public house')

744-479: The meaning of the word has a bit narrowed. Nevertheless, it is used colloquially to denote both traditional restaurants where people go to eat, and bars, where people mainly go to drink and socialize. "Hospoda" is nowadays a very widespread but only colloquial word, while "hostinec" or "pohostinství" were often official names of such establishment in the 20th century, now a bit obsolete. "Hospoda" could be with meals served or without, typically with tapped beer. (This term

775-564: The most common restaurants in Greece. A typical menu includes portion dishes, or small dishes of meat and fish, as well as salads and appetizers. Mageirefta is the menu section that includes a variety of different casserole cooked dishes every day. The other choices are mainly prepared roasted ( tis oras) or fried. Orektika (appetizers) include small dishes of Greek sauces, alifes , usually eaten on bites of bread. Tavernes offer different kinds of wines and retsina in barrels or in bottles, ouzo or tsipouro , with beer and refreshments being

806-405: The physical and moral degradation of alcoholics. Zola's correspondence with physicians reveals that he used authentic medical sources for his realistic depictions in the novel. A common German name for German taverns or pubs is Kneipe . Drinking practices in 16th-century Augsburg, Germany, suggest that the use of alcohol in early modern Germany followed carefully structured cultural norms. Drinking

837-676: The plans of architects Bohuslav and Kamil Fuchs. Up to the 1990s, the theatre served as a stage for Czech operettas . The last reconstruction was completed in 2005. The project was awarded the Grand Prix in a competition held by the Czech Chamber of Architects . As of 2010, the theatre is a part of the National Theatre in Brno . Reduta has no permanent ensemble. The theatre regularly invites various artists and ensembles from

868-716: The term was founded in 1765. However, the first Parisian restaurant worthy of the name was the one founded by Beauvilliers in 1782 in the Rue de Richelieu, called the Grande Taverne de Londres . Émile Zola 's novel L'Assommoir ('The Tavern', 1877) depicted the social conditions typical of alcoholism in Paris among the working classes. The drunk destroyed not only his own body, but also his employment, his family, and other interpersonal relationships. The characters Gervaise Macquart and her husband Coupeau exemplified with great realism

899-467: Was a shed , workshop , stall , or pub . Over time, the words "tavern" and "inn" became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as public houses or pubs and the term became standard for all drinking houses. From at least the 14th century, taverns, along with inns, were the main places to dine out. Typically, a tavern offered various roast meats, as well as simple foods like bread, cheese, herring, and bacon. Some offered

930-412: Was not a sign of insecurity and disorder. It helped define and enhance men's social status and was therefore tolerated among men as long as they lived up to both the rules and norms of tavern society and the demands of their role as householders. Tavern doors were closed to respectable women unaccompanied by their husbands, and society condemned drunkenness among women, but when alcohol abuse interfered with

961-477: Was the Verlag , or outwork production system , with its complex network of credit relationships. The tavern played a crucial role in cultural and business life and was also the place where work and leisure were fused. Heavy drinking facilitated the creation of community relationships in which artisans and workers sought security. Buying drinks rather than saving money was a rational strategy when, before adjustment to

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