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53-615: A Regionalliga ( German pronunciation: [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlˌliːɡa] , plural Regionalligen ) is a regional league in numerous sports governing bodies in Germany , Austria and Switzerland , usually located in the upper or middle tiers of the sports leagues . The term is often associated with the German football league system where it is the fourth tier or one of the three divisions of Regionalliga in Austria, which represent

106-672: A Bavarian State Sports Association. the BLSV , was established and officially sanctioned by the US authorities a year later. This new association was not exclusively popular, as it was seen by former members of the SFLV as an obstacle to reestablish the latter. The situation soon deteriorated into conflict as, in September 1945, a regional football league was established, the Oberliga Süd , which

159-540: A Munich football championship. As a consequence, the two clubs were expelled from the BLSV in September 1945. To alleviate the friction between the BLSV and the Bavarian football clubs, Hans Huber, later chairman of the BFV , was placed in charge of the football department of the BLSV and readmitted Bayern and 1860 to the association. Confronted with accusations that the football department did not stand up enough to

212-571: A certain group, such as the Catholic or Jewish sports groups. General sports organizations and multi-sport events also exist for other groups such as the Invictus Games for military veterans. Professional sports leagues are usually the highest level of play in sport, specifically if they consist of the best players around the world in a certain sport. Because of this, they usually work with national or international federations, but there

265-499: A congress or general assembly of the international federation and is responsible for defining its sports policies. It consists of all of the national federations, each of which receives one vote. On the other hand, the executive branch, which is often referred to as the council or executive committee, consists of elected members by the legislative branch and is responsible for directing, managing, and representing their federation. Trusts are organizations or groups that have control over

318-424: A different governing body that can define the way that the sport operates through its affiliated clubs and societies. This is because sports have different levels of difficulty and skill, so they can try to organize the people playing their sport by ability and by age. The different types of sport governing bodies are all shown below: International sports federations are non-governmental non-profit organizations for

371-558: A given sport (or a group of similar sport disciplines, such as aquatics or skiing ) and administers its sport at the highest level. These federations work to create a common set of rules, promote their sport, and organize international competitions. International sports federations represent their sport at the Olympic level where applicable. About 30 international sport federations are located in Switzerland , with about 20 or so in

424-599: A lack of media interest in the leagues combined with large expenses and infrastructure demands. The five Regionalligen from 2012 are: Some regional football associations also made changes to the league system below the Regionalliga in their area. From the 2012–13 season, the Bavarian Football Association split the Bayernliga into a northern and a southern division, and increased

477-410: A maximum of the fourth placed side in the final standings. Should a club declare insolvency during a season its first team will be automatically relegated to the next league below. Reserve teams or youth side are not affected by this but should it have a women's team in a league higher than the men's team, the women's team would be relegated instead. Should a player compete for a professional team of

530-584: A particular sport, as evident in the example of the Northern Ireland Federation of Sub-Aqua Clubs . Multi-sport event organizers are responsible for the organization of an event that includes more than one sport. The best-known example is the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the organizer of the modern Olympic Games . General sports organizations are responsible for sports-related topics, usually for

583-586: A range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee , or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League . National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century. Every sport has

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636-774: A regional football competition, the Southern German football championship , followed by a league system a few years later. In November 1927, the federation merged with the Southern German track and field association, forming a much enlarged federation, the Süddeutscher Fussball- und Leichtathletik-Verband - SFLV . With the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933, the federation received the order from Berlin to disband itself in March 1933. On 6 August 1933,

689-520: A system involving four rather than five regional leagues. Instead, the delegates reformed the promotion scheme from the 2020–21 season, in which there continued to be four promotions to the 3. Liga . The Regionalliga West and Südwest each provide a fixed direct promotion. Another direct promotion place is assigned according to a rotation principle among the Regionalligen Nord , Nordost and Bayern champions. The representatives from

742-549: A team in the minor leagues . This enables them to shuffle players who are not doing well to the minor leagues, which will inspire them to contribute more to the team by playing better. A 2014 study by the Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) criticized major international sports governing bodies including the International Olympic Committee and FIFA for not having sufficient provisions for human and labor rights. Bavarian Football Association The Bavarian FA

795-531: A type of national federation, as they are responsible for a country's participation in the Olympic Games and in the Paralympic Games respectively. However, a national governing body (NGB) can be different from a national federation due to government recognition requirements. Also, national governing bodies can be a supraorganization representing a range of unrelated organizations operating in

848-559: A year and finishing on 30 June the following year. It prohibits matches to be played in January, unless they are held indoors. Every club competing in the league system must have a certain number of junior teams, depending on which league they play in, with the clubs in the Landesliga and Bayernliga having to have the most, three. Every club must also provide one referee per senior team it fields. The BFV stipulates that leagues at

901-415: Is a player who is not paid for its participation in a game and receives no more than €249.99 per month in compensations. It also sub-divides professionals in contracted players and licensed players. A contracted player is a player who is a member of a club who also receives payments in excess of €250 while a licensed player is a full professional. The BFV clearly defines the season as starting on 1 July of

954-620: Is also part of the Southern German Football Association , the SFV , one of five regional federations in Germany . The other members of the SFV are the football associations of Baden , Hesse , South Baden and Württemberg . It is the largest of the five regional federations and based in Munich . In 2016, the BFV had 1,602,807 members, 4,611 member clubs and 26,440 teams playing in its league system, making it

1007-494: Is usually a separation between the different federations. Most North American professional leagues usually do not have amateur divisions, as the amateur divisions are mostly run in separate leagues. Also, most professional leagues are related to other leagues, as players usually attempt to play in the league with the highest level of play. Because of this, promotion and relegation can occur; or, in league systems without promotion and relegation, clubs in professional leagues can have

1060-635: The Regionalligen was decided upon, with the number of leagues expanding to five and beginning play in the 2012–13 season. Under this new format, the old Regionalliga Nordost would be re-established and the new Regionalliga Südwest and Regionalliga Bayern would be created. The Südwest would take clubs from the southern portion of the Regionalliga West and also everything from the Regionallia Süd outside of Bavaria. It

1113-469: The BFV has 1,602,807 members, making it by far the biggest regional association in Germany, with Westphalia coming second with 946,502 members. In that year, the BFV had 4,611 member clubs and 26,440 football teams played within its league system . The Bavarian league system consists of senior men's, women's and male and female junior leagues as well as cup competitions. It organises statewide leagues,

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1166-573: The BLSV , the former eventually took the step of establishing itself as an independent organisation and became the Bayerischer Fussball-Verband on 4 February 1945. Additionally, on 19 December 1949, the Southern German Football Federation was officially reestablished. To alleviate any friction between the Southern German and the state associations, the latter became a member of the SFV but

1219-646: The Bayernliga , in men's, women's, Under 19, 17 and 15 boys and Under 17 girls competitions. Below these, regional leagues are set, the Landesligas, followed by a league pyramid that extends as far as the 13th tier of the German football league system in some regions. The Bavarian Cup is the premier cup competition in Bavaria, held in a male and female edition. The top-level leagues in Bavaria since 2012-13 are: Bavaria accommodates one club from Austria ,

1272-622: The Lausanne area, where the International Olympic Committee is located. International federations for sports that do not participate in the Olympic Games are managed by equivalent organizations to the International Olympic Committee , such as the SportAccord . International federations are typically organized with legislative and executive branches at the top. The legislative body is usually referred to as

1325-482: The SFLV held its last general meeting, in Stuttgart , where the order to disband was officially carried out. The financial liquidation of the federation was completed in 1942. Post- Second World War Germany saw Bavaria become part of the US occupation zone. As travel within the occupation zone was restricted, the reestablishing of a Southern German federation seemed initially impossible. Instead, on 18 July 1945,

1378-563: The SV Kleinwalsertal , which plays in the B-Klasse Allgäu 8 in 2017–18. A number of Bavarian clubs have opted to play in the league systems of neighboring states for geographical reasons. FC Bayern Alzenau plays in the league system of Hesse, formerly with Viktoria Aschaffenburg . Viktoria's senior and junior teams now play in the Bavarian league system. A number of clubs from the border region to Württemberg , along

1431-740: The Donau/Iller region, the remainder spread over other border regions of the WFV . In late 2010, the idea was floated that those clubs could be forced to return to the Bavarian league system but this idea was dropped again. The rules of the game in Bavaria, the Spielordnung , has a number of special clauses that, at times, differ from the standard frame work of the DFB . The BFV categorises players in three groups, amateurs, contracted players and licensed players. The Bavarian FA's definition of an amateur

1484-544: The North and Northeast division champions was promoted, while the loser faced the runners-up from the West/Southwest and South divisions in another play-off for the remaining promotion spot. In 2000 the number of Regionalligen was reduced to two: The new divisional alignment was not bound to certain states any more so teams were moved between the divisions in order to balance club numbers. This led to some clubs in

1537-468: The South and West/Southwest divisions were automatically promoted, however, along with one of the two runners-up. The champions of the North and Northeast divisions had a play-off to decide who would get the fourth promotion spot. This rule was justified because there are more clubs in the southern part of Germany than the north. In 1998, the promotion rule was changed again: the winner of the play-off between

1590-477: The Southern division being geographically further north than some northern clubs, and vice versa. The champions and the runners-up of both divisions were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga . In 2008, the Regionalligen were demoted to become the fourth tier of football in Germany after the introduction of a new nationwide 3. Liga . However, there was an expansion to three divisions: "Covering" meant that

1643-476: The age of 24, two under the age of 21, and a maximum of three non-EU players. Sports governing body A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function. Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary action for rule infractions and deciding on rule changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover

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1696-409: The champions of the five regional leagues. The champion of the southwest league, which gave up its second playoff place, were promoted automatically in the next two seasons. Additionally there were two teams promoted from the other four regional leagues. In the 2018–19 season, the champion of the northeast league was also promoted directly. The winner of the third guaranteed promotion place was decided by

1749-466: The drawing of lots. The remaining two regional league champions of the 2018–19 season faced off in a two-legged playoff determining the fourth promotion place. The two regional leagues whose teams took part in the playoff automatically had promotion places for the 2019–20 season. As a result, the third division has had four relegation places. At the 97th DFB-Bundestag in 2019, a working group under DFB vice-president Peter Frymuth unsuccessfully proposed

1802-606: The football clubs remained members of their state associations only, not the SFV . The SFV had the responsibility to organise the Oberliga and the new 2nd Oberliga, all other leagues were part of their state associations. The BFV in turn was organised in seven regional federations, the Bezirke , those being Middle-, Upper- and Lower Franconia, Upper- and Lower Bavaria, Swabia and the Upper Palatinate. As of 2017,

1855-490: The fourth to sixth tier of the league system have to have a nominal strength of 18 teams, leagues below of 16 teams, also this can fluctuate with promotion and relegation. It also dictates a specific league name for every tier. Up to the Kreisklasse, the fourth-lowest tier, first and second teams can play at the same level, but not in the same league. Unlike most other football associations in Germany, Bavaria did not use

1908-473: The game operations in the four remaining regional leagues had been stopped prematurely. At the 96th DFB-Bundestag in December 2017, delegates decided to change the promotion rules and, without success, reduce the number of leagues to four. To achieve this, a temporary solution was put into place for the 2018–19 and 2019–20 seasons. Four teams were promoted and there were three guaranteed promotion places from

1961-409: The goal difference to determine league positions if two or more teams are on equal points on a rank of importance in the final standings. Should two or more teams be on equal points when a championship, promotion or relegation rank was considered, the teams had to play deciders. However, this rule was temporarily out of force in 2011-12 because of the large number of deciders already required to determine

2014-465: The introduction of the Bundesliga in 1963 until the formation of the 2. Bundesliga in 1974, there were five Regionalligen , forming the second tier of German Football: The champions and runners-up of the respective divisions played out two promotion spots to the Bundesliga in two groups after the end of the season. In 1974, the two 2. Bundesligen , Süd and Nord became

2067-701: The largest of the 21 regional associations in Germany. Because of its status, Bavaria is awarded an extra entry to the first round of the German Cup . Football in Southern Germany, and thereby in Bavaria was originally administrated by the Süddeutscher Fussball-Verband , which was formed on 17 October 1897 in Karlsruhe , then under the name of Verband Süddeutscher Fussball-Vereine . The new federation soon began to organise

2120-406: The make up of the future league system after 2012 with its major changes. Since then the goal difference has been used on higher league levels while lower levels were given the option of select which method they wish to use. All league champions within the Bavarian league system have the right for direct promotion. Should a club decline promotion, the right gets passed on to the next-placed team, to

2173-477: The money that will be used to help someone else, such as the Youth Sport Trust . National governing bodies have the same objectives as those of an international federation, but within the scope of one country, or even part of a country, as the name implies. They support local clubs and are often responsible for national teams . National Olympic Committees and National Paralympic Committees are both

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2226-570: The number of Landesligen from three to five. At the end of March 2023, the Western German Football Association (WDFV) confirmed the Regionalliga West 's status as a professional league for the first time with regard to the 2023–24 season's licensing procedure. North Rhine-Westphalia had already classified the league as such in the 2020–21 season to enable the "numerous professional footballers" to continue practicing their profession. At that time, for example,

2279-586: The number of relegations from the 3. Liga and promotions from the Oberliga . As clubs in the Regionalliga must have their teams licensed by the DFB on a per-season basis, a team may also be relegated by having its license revoked or by going into administration . Reserve teams are also relegated when the respective first team is relegated to the 3. Liga . Matchday squads in the Regionalliga must include at least six players of German nationality and under

2332-430: The regional football associations. In regards to reserve teams, initially only seven were permitted per league, however, this rule may be subject to change under certain circumstances. Reserve sides of 3. Liga teams are not permitted in the Regionalliga . The reorganisation of the Regionalligen so soon after the last changes in 2008 became necessary because of a large number of insolvencies. These were caused by

2385-491: The remaining two Regionalligen determine the fourth promoted club in two-legged playoffs. The history and development of the Regionalligen in maps: In Austrian soccer, Regionalliga represents the third highest tier, after Austrian Bundesliga (top tier) and Erste Liga (second tier). Unlike the two top tiers, which are true national leagues, Regionalliga is organized in three regional divisions: Ost (East), Mitte ("Middle"), and West (West). A short playoff circle omg

2438-562: The river Iller , play in the Württemberg league system, the most successful of those being SpVgg Au/Iller , FV Illertissen and the SpVgg Lindau . Both Viktoria Aschaffenburg and FV Illertissen returned to the Bavarian league system from 2012 onwards, taking advantage of the opportunity to play in the new Regionalliga Bayern . All up, 75 clubs from the Bavarian region of Swabia play in the Württemberg league system, 45 of those in

2491-477: The second tier of German Football and the Regionalligen ceased existing for the next 20 years. In 1994, the Regionalligen were re-introduced, this time as the third tier of German Football. There were initially four Regionalligen : Between 1994 and 2000, promotion to the 2. Bundesliga was regulated without much continuity. It was a problematic rule, as becoming champion of a division did not automatically mean promotion for that team. The champions of

2544-527: The security regulations, and that they have a working youth section. The champions of three divisions are automatically promoted; the remaining two take part in the promotion round to the 3. Liga at the end of the season for the fourth promotion. Reserve teams are also eligible for promotion unless the respective first team is playing in the 3. Liga . At least the bottom two teams of each division are demoted to their respective Oberliga . The actual number of teams relegated from every division depends on

2597-530: The single divisions were annually re-aligned to geographic location by a DFB committee in order to have 18 teams assigned to each division every year. This led to teams assigned to a division other than their geographical one. An example for this is BV Cloppenburg , who was assigned to the Western division for the 2008–09 season despite being located in Lower Saxony. In October 2010, yet another reform of

2650-404: The third tier in that country. Until 1974, Regionalliga was the second tier in Germany. In 1994, it was reintroduced as the third tier. Upon the creation of the new Germany-wide 3. Liga in 2008, it became the fourth tier. While all of the clubs in the top three divisions of German football are professional, the Regionalliga has a mixture of professional and semi-professional clubs. From

2703-503: The three winners of each division at the end of the season (played as home and away games) determines the team to move up to the Erste Liga (second tier). A club that wants to play in the Regionalliga must meet two conditions. First, the team must qualify for the league. Second, the club must obtain a license from the DFB . This license is granted if the club can prove that they are financially sound, that their stadium conforms to

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2756-483: Was also decided to limit the number of reserve teams per Regionalliga to seven. The five league champions and the runners-up of the Regionalliga Südwest play-off for the three promotion spots in a home-and-away series. The new leagues consist of up to 22 clubs in their inaugural seasons but were reduced to between 16 and 18 clubs. The Regionalligen are not administered by the DFB but rather by

2809-491: Was made up of 16 of the foremost football clubs of Southern Germany. The organisers of this competition had also received the permission to reestablish the SFV from the US authorities. Below the Oberliga, the not yet officially reestablished SFV decreed that Landesligas were to be established for each of the states. On 4 November 1945, the new Oberliga played its first round, having forced Munich's biggest clubs, FC Bayern and TSV 1860 to break their promise to take part in

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