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71-481: Reitan may refer to: People [ edit ] Apayauq Reitan (1997-), Norwegian dog musher Haim Reitan (1946-) is a Turkish doctor, diplomat, translator and publicist. Jacob Reitan is an LGBT activist from Mankato, Minnesota who founded the Soulforce Equality Ride . Kirsten Reitan (born 29 September 1942) is a Norwegian politician for

142-439: A broader shift in the understanding of transgender people's sense of self and the increasing recognition of those who decline medical reassignment as part of the transgender community. Transgender can also refer specifically to a person whose gender identity is opposite (rather than different from ) the sex the person had or was identified as having at birth. In contrast, people whose sense of personal identity corresponds to

213-430: A condition related to gender identity rather than sexuality . Some transsexual people object to being included in the transgender umbrella. In his 2007 book Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category , anthropologist David Valentine asserts that transgender was coined and used by activists to include many people who do not necessarily identify with the term and states that people who do not identify with

284-636: A different gender role. In 1994, the DSM IV entry was changed from "Transsexual" to "Gender Identity Disorder". In 2013, the DSM V removed "Gender Identity Disorder" and published "Gender Dysphoria" in its place. In many places, transgender people are not legally protected from discrimination in the workplace or in public accommodations. A report released in February 2011 found that 90% of transgender Americans faced discrimination at work and were unemployed at double

355-493: A gender different than the gender they were thought to be at birth." Detransition was associated with assigned male sex at birth, nonbinary gender identity, and bisexual orientation, among other cohorts. Only 5% of detransitioners (or 0.4% of total respondents) reported doing so because gender transition was "not for them"; 82% cited external reason(s), including pressure from others, the difficulties of transition, and discrimination. "The most common reason cited for de-transitioning

426-447: A gender transition. Clinical training lacks relevant information needed in order to adequately help transgender clients, which results in a large number of practitioners who are not prepared to sufficiently work with this population of individuals. Many mental healthcare providers know little about transgender issues. Those who seek help from these professionals often educate the professional without receiving help. This solution usually

497-476: A long tradition in LGBTQ culture . Generally the term drag queen covers men doing female drag, drag king covers women doing male drag, and faux queen covers women doing female drag. Nevertheless, there are drag artists of all genders and sexualities who perform for various reasons. Drag performers are not inherently transgender. Some drag performers, transvestites, and people in the gay community have embraced

568-438: A masquerade, and so on. These individuals are cross dressing but are not cross dressers." Cross-dressers may not identify with, want to be, or adopt the behaviors or practices of the opposite gender and generally do not want to change their bodies medically or surgically. The majority of cross-dressers identify as heterosexual. The term transvestite and the associated outdated term transvestism are conceptually different from

639-1741: A person's sexual orientation without reference to their gender identity. Therapists are coming to understand the necessity of using terms with respect to their clients' gender identities and preferences. The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey reported that of the 27,715 transgender and non-binary respondents, 21% said queer best described their sexual orientation, 18% said pansexual , 16% said gay , lesbian , or same-gender-loving , 15% said straight , 14% said bisexual , and 10% said asexual . A 2019 Canadian survey of 2,873 trans and non-binary people found that 51% described their sexual orientation as queer, 13% as asexual, 28% as bisexual, 13% as gay, 15% as lesbian, 31% as pansexual, 8% as straight or heterosexual, 4% as two-spirit , and 9% as unsure or questioning . A 2009 study in Spain found that 90% of trans women patients reported being androphilic and 94% of trans men patients reported being gynephilic. Some non-binary (or genderqueer) people identify as transgender. These identities are not specifically male or female. They can be agender, androgynous, bigender, pangender, or genderfluid , and exist outside of cisnormativity . Bigender and androgynous are overlapping categories; bigender individuals may identify as moving between male and female roles (genderfluid) or as being both masculine and feminine simultaneously (androgynous), and androgynes may similarly identify as beyond gender or genderless (agender), between genders (intergender), moving across genders ( genderfluid ), or simultaneously exhibiting multiple genders (pangender). Non-binary gender identities are independent of sexual orientation. A transvestite

710-478: A predominantly masculine gender identity or presentation. Transgendered is a common term in older literature. Many within the transgender community deprecate it on the basis that transgender is an adjective, not a verb. Organizations such as GLAAD and The Guardian also state that transgender should never be used as a noun in English (e.g., "Max is transgender " or "Max is a transgender man ", not "Max

781-525: A primitive form of gender-affirming surgery . Worldwide, a number of societies have had traditional third gender roles, some of which continue in some form into the present day. The Hippocratic Corpus (interpreting the writing of Herodotus ) describes the "disease of the Scythians " (regarding the Enaree ), which it attributes to impotency due to riding on a horse without stirrups. This reference

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852-628: A study on the impact of parental support on trans youth found that among trans children with supportive parents, only 4% attempted suicide, a 93% decrease. Autism is more common in people who are gender dysphoric. It is not known whether there is a biological basis. This may be due to the fact that people on the autism spectrum are less concerned with societal disapproval, and feel less fear or inhibition about coming out as trans than others. Medical and surgical procedures exist for transsexual and some transgender people, though most categories of transgender people as described above are not known for seeking

923-418: A therapist and most of their issues have nothing to do, specifically, with being transgendered. It has to do because they've had to hide, they've had to lie, and they've felt all of this guilt and shame, unfortunately usually for years!" Many transgender people also seek mental health treatment for depression and anxiety caused by the stigma attached to being transgender, and some transgender people have stressed

994-419: A universally accepted definition, including among researchers; it can function as an umbrella term . The definition given above includes binary trans men and trans women and may also include people who are non-binary or genderqueer . Other related groups include third-gender people, cross-dressers , and drag queens and drag kings ; some definitions include these groups as well. Being transgender

1065-543: Is a transgender "). "Transgender" is also a noun for the broader topic of transgender identity and experience. Assigned Female At Birth ( AFAB ), Assigned Male At Birth ( AMAB ), Designated Female at Birth ( DFAB ), and Designed Male at Birth (DMAB) are terms used to represent a person's sex assigned at birth; they are considered to be more gender-inclusive than the related terms biological male or biological female . Health-practitioner manuals, professional journalistic style guides, and LGBT advocacy groups advise

1136-552: Is a person who cross-dresses, or dresses in clothes typically associated with the gender opposite the one they were assigned at birth. The term transvestite is used as a synonym for the term cross-dresser , although cross-dresser is generally considered the preferred term. The term cross-dresser is not exactly defined in the relevant literature. Michael A. Gilbert, professor at the Department of Philosophy, York University, Toronto, offers this definition: "[A cross-dresser]

1207-486: Is a person who has an apparent gender identification with one sex, and who has and certainly has been birth-designated as belonging to [that] sex, but who wears the clothing of the opposite sex because it is that of the opposite sex." This definition excludes people "who wear opposite sex clothing for other reasons", such as "those female impersonators who look upon dressing as solely connected to their livelihood, actors undertaking roles, individual males and females enjoying

1278-694: Is an individual's enduring pattern of attraction, or lack thereof, to others (being straight , lesbian , gay , bisexual , asexual , etc.), whereas gender identity is a person's innate knowledge of their own gender (being a man, woman, non-binary, etc.). Transgender people can have any orientation, and generally use labels corresponding to their gender, rather than assigned sex at birth. For example, trans women who are exclusively attracted to other women commonly identify as lesbians, and trans men exclusively attracted to women would identify as straight. Many trans people describe their sexual orientation as queer, in addition to or instead of, other terms. For much of

1349-832: Is assigned to the provinces and territories. This includes legal change of gender classification. On June 19, 2017, Bill C-16 , having passed the legislative process in the House of Commons of Canada and the Senate of Canada , became law upon receiving Royal Assent , which put it into immediate force. The law updated the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code to include "gender identity and gender expression" as protected grounds from discrimination, hate publications and advocating transgender genocide . The bill also added "gender identity and expression" to

1420-533: Is distinct from sexual orientation , and transgender people may identify as heterosexual (straight), homosexual (gay or lesbian), bisexual , asexual , or otherwise, or may decline to label their sexual orientation. The opposite of transgender is cisgender , which describes persons whose gender identity matches their assigned sex. Accurate statistics on the number of transgender people vary widely, in part due to different definitions of what constitutes being transgender. Some countries, such as Canada , and

1491-422: Is good for transsexual people but is not the solution for other transgender people, particularly non-binary people who lack an exclusively male or female identity. Instead, therapists can support their clients in whatever steps they choose to take to transition or can support their decision not to transition while also addressing their clients' sense of congruence between gender identity and appearance. Research on

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1562-902: Is made from testosterone in the body, can be converted into estrogen , and external estrogen is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Detransition refers to the cessation or reversal of a sex reassignment surgery or gender transition. Formal studies of detransition have been few in number, of disputed quality, and politically controversial. Estimates of the rate at which detransitioning occurs vary from less than 1% to as high as 13%. Those who undergo sex reassignment surgery have very low rates of detransition or regret. The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, with responses from 27,715 individuals who identified as "transgender, trans, genderqueer, [or] non-binary", found that 8% of respondents reported some kind of detransition. "Most of those who de-transitioned did so only temporarily: 62% of those who had de-transitioned reported that they were currently living full time in

1633-461: Is often misinterpreted as implying that all transgender people suffer from GD, which has confused transgender people and those who seek to either criticize or affirm them. Transgender people who are comfortable with their gender and whose gender is not directly causing inner frustration or impairing their functioning do not suffer from GD. Moreover, GD is not necessarily permanent and is often resolved through therapy or transitioning. Feeling oppressed by

1704-574: Is relatively new. The term gender incongruence is listed in the ICD by the WHO . In the American ( DSM ), the term gender dysphoria is listed under code F64.0 for adolescents and adults , and F64.2 for children . (Further information: Causes of gender incongruence .) France removed gender identity disorder as a diagnosis by decree in 2010, but according to French trans rights organizations, beyond

1775-906: Is the subject of Apayauq , a 2023 short documentary film by Zeppelin Zeerip . The film won the Audience Award for Best Short Film at the 2023 Inside Out Film and Video Festival . Apayauq was born c. 1997 in Trondheim, Norway. She often spent time travelling between the communities of Narjordet and Kaktovik, Alaska . She started mushing at age four at her family's tourism kennel, Alaskan Husky Tours. She changed her name to remove her Norwegian/English boy name after she had come out to her family. After doing so, she received her tavluġun , traditional Iñupiaq chin tattoo. She came out publicly on March 8, 2021, International Women's Day . Apayauq started organized mushing at age 15, when she ran

1846-724: The United Kingdom collect census data on transgender people. Generally, less than 1% of the worldwide population is transgender, with figures ranging from <0.1% to 0.6%. Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria , and some seek medical treatments such as hormone replacement therapy , gender-affirming surgery , or psychotherapy . Not all transgender people desire these treatments, and some cannot undergo them for legal, financial, or medical reasons. The legal status of transgender people varies by jurisdiction. Many transgender people experience transphobia ( violence or discrimination against transgender people) in

1917-988: The University of Ulster . By 1992, the International Conference on Transgender Law and Employment Policy defined transgender as an expansive umbrella term including "transsexuals, transgenderists, cross dressers", and anyone transitioning. Leslie Feinberg 's pamphlet, "Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time has Come", circulated in 1992, identified transgender as a term to unify all forms of gender nonconformity ; in this way transgender has become synonymous with queer . In 1994, gender theorist Susan Stryker defined transgender as encompassing "all identities or practices that cross over, cut across, move between, or otherwise queer socially constructed sex/gender boundaries", including, but not limited to, "transsexuality, heterosexual transvestism, gay drag, butch lesbianism, and such non-European identities as

1988-457: The voice , skin , face , Adam's apple , breasts , waist , buttocks , and genitals . Surgical procedures for trans men masculinize the chest and genitals and remove the womb , ovaries, and fallopian tubes . The acronyms " Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) " and "sex reassignment surgery" (SRS) refer to genital surgery. The term "sex reassignment therapy" (SRT) is used as an umbrella term for physical procedures required for transition. Use of

2059-559: The 1980s. In 2020, the International Journal of Transgenderism changed its name to the International Journal of Transgender Health "to reflect a change toward more appropriate and acceptable use of language in our field." By 1984, the concept of a "transgender community" had developed, in which transgender was used as an umbrella term. In 1985, Richard Ekins established the "Trans-Gender Archive" at

2130-576: The 1990s, transsexual has generally been used to refer to the subset of transgender people who desire to transition permanently to the gender with which they identify and who seek medical assistance (for example, sex reassignment surgery) with this. Distinctions between the terms transgender and transsexual are commonly based on distinctions between gender and sex . Transsexuality may be said to deal more with physical aspects of one's sex, while transgender considerations deal more with one's psychological gender disposition or predisposition, as well as

2201-555: The 20th century, transgender identity was conflated with homosexuality and transvestism . In earlier academic literature, sexologists used the labels homosexual and heterosexual transsexual to categorize transgender individuals' sexual orientation based on their birth sex. Critics consider these terms " heterosexist ", "archaic", and demeaning. Newer literature often uses terms such as attracted to men (androphilic), attracted to women (gynephilic) , attracted to both (bisexual), or attracted to neither (asexual) to describe

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2272-530: The December 1969 issue of Transvestia , a national magazine for cross-dressers she founded. By the mid-1970s both trans-gender and trans people were in use as umbrella terms, while transgenderist and transgenderal were used to refer to people who wanted to live their lives as cross-gendered individuals without gender-affirming surgery . Transgenderist was sometimes abbreviated as TG in educational and community resources; this abbreviation developed by

2343-630: The Femund Jr. 220km, later running it at age 16. Then, in 2017, she ran some more races, including the Kobuk 440. Her dad, Ketil Reitan, finished the Iditarod , after which Apayauq took the family's dogs back home. In 2019, Apayauq, then about 21, became the third person to complete the Iditarod and Yukon Quest as a rookie in the same year. Apayauq became the first openly trans woman to compete in

2414-553: The German and ultimately modeled after German Transsexualismus (coined in 1923), the English term transsexual has enjoyed international acceptability, though transgender has been increasingly preferred over transsexual . The word transgender acquired its modern umbrella term meaning in the 1990s. Although the term transgenderism was once considered acceptable, it has come to be viewed as pejorative , according to GLAAD. Psychiatrist John F. Oliven of Columbia University used

2485-482: The Iditarod in 2022. She is the second openly transgender athlete to compete in the race, following Quince Mountain, a trans man who competed in 2020. She won the red lantern in 37th place in 13 days, 8 hours, 39 minutes, and 13 seconds. During the Iditarod, Apayauq criticized the Alaskan school sports ban on transgender girls. Julie Smyth, another Iñupiaq woman, was also opposed to the ban, as Iñupiaq culture

2556-688: The Native American berdache or the Indian Hijra ". Between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s, the primary terms used under the transgender umbrella were "female to male" (FtM) for men who transitioned from female to male, and "male to female" (MtF) for women who transitioned from male to female. These terms have been superseded by "trans man" and "trans woman", respectively. This shift in preference from terms highlighting biological sex ("transsexual", "FtM") to terms highlighting gender identity and expression ("transgender", "trans man") reflects

2627-584: The Scythian disease. Other writers of the late 1700s and 1800s (including Hammond's associates in the American Neurological Association ) had noted the widespread nature of transgender cultural practices among native peoples. Explanations varied, but authors generally did not ascribe native transgender practices to psychiatric causes, instead condemning the practices in a religious and moral sense. Native groups provided much study on

2698-608: The Socialist Left Party. Lorentz Reitan (born 1946) is a former director of the Bergen International Festival. Malin Reitan (1995-) is a Norwegian child singer. Other [ edit ] Reitan Group or Reitangruppen is a Norwegian wholesaler and retail franchiser. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

2769-531: The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that Title VII prohibits discrimination against transgender people in the case R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . Nicole Maines , a trans girl, took a case to Maine's supreme court in June 2013. She argued that being denied access to her high school's women's restroom was a violation of Maine's Human Rights Act; one state judge has disagreed with her, but Maines won her lawsuit against

2840-440: The adoption by others of the name and pronouns identified by the person in question, including present references to the transgender person's past. Inspired by Magnus Hirschfeld 's 1923 term seelischer Transsexualismus , the term transsexual was introduced to English in 1949 by David Oliver Cauldwell and popularized by Harry Benjamin in 1966, around the same time transgender was coined and began to be popularized. Since

2911-518: The early 1800s. One of the earliest recorded gender nonconforming people in America was Thomas(ine) Hall , a seventeenth century colonial servant. The most complete account of the time came from the life of the Chevalier d'Éon (1728–1810), a French diplomat. As cross-dressing became more widespread in the late 1800s, discussion of transgender people increased greatly and writers attempted to explain

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2982-401: The expectations of others or whose gender identity conflicts with their body may benefit by talking through their feelings in depth. While individuals may find counseling or psychotherapy helpful, it is no longer recommended as a prerequisite for further transition steps. Research on gender identity with regard to psychology, and scientific understanding of the phenomenon and its related issues,

3053-557: The field of study. The Institut was destroyed when the Nazis seized power in 1933, and its research was infamously burned in the May 1933 Nazi book burnings. Transgender issues went largely out of the public eye until after World War II. Even when they re-emerged, they reflected a forensic psychology approach, unlike the more sexological that had been employed in the lost German research. People who experience discord between their gender and

3124-611: The focus on diagnosis and instead emphasized the importance of flexibility in order to meet the diverse health care needs of transsexual, transgender, and all gender-nonconforming people. The reasons for seeking mental health services vary according to the individual. A transgender person seeking treatment does not necessarily mean their gender identity is problematic. The emotional strain of dealing with stigma and experiencing transphobia pushes many transgender people to seek treatment to improve their quality of life. As one trans woman reflected, "Transgendered individuals are going to come to

3195-403: The following treatments. Hormone replacement therapy for trans men induces beard growth and masculinizes skin, hair, voice, and fat distribution. Hormone replacement therapy for trans women feminizes fat distribution and breasts, as well as diminishes muscle mass and strength. Laser hair removal or electrolysis removes excess hair for trans women. Surgical procedures for trans women feminize

3266-654: The impact of the announcement itself, nothing changed. In 2017, the Danish parliament abolished the F64 Gender identity disorders. The DSM-5 refers to the topic as gender dysphoria (GD) while reinforcing the idea that being transgender is not considered a mental illness. Transgender people may meet the criteria for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria "only if [being transgender] causes distress or disability." This distress may manifest as depression or inability to work and form healthy relationships with others. This diagnosis

3337-473: The importance of acknowledging their gender identity with a therapist in order to discuss other quality-of-life issues. Rarely, some choose to detransition . Problems still remain surrounding misinformation about transgender issues that hurt transgender people's mental health experiences. One trans man who was enrolled as a student in a psychology graduate program highlighted the main concerns with modern clinical training: "Most people probably are familiar with

3408-452: The insufficient training most therapists receive prior to working with transgender clients, potentially increasing financial strain on clients without providing the treatment they need. Many clinicians who work with transgender clients only receive mediocre training on gender identity, but introductory training on interacting with transgender people has recently been made available to health care professionals to help remove barriers and increase

3479-742: The level of service for the transgender population. In February 2010, France became the first country in the world to remove transgender identity from the list of mental diseases. A 2014 study carried out by the Williams Institute (a UCLA think tank) found that 41% of transgender people had attempted suicide, with the rate being higher among people who experienced discrimination in access to housing or healthcare, harassment, physical or sexual assault, or rejection by family. A 2019 follow-up study found that transgender people who wanted and received gender-affirming medical care had significantly lower rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts. However,

3550-635: The list of aggravating factors in sentencing, where the accused commits a criminal offence against an individual because of those personal characteristics. Similar transgender laws also exist in all the provinces and territories. In the United States, transgender people are protected from employment discrimination by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . Exceptions apply to certain types of employers, for example, employers with fewer than 15 employees and religious organizations. In 2020,

3621-494: The mid-1900s. Historical depictions, records and understandings are inherently filtered through modern principles, and were largely viewed through a medical and (often outsider) anthropological lens until the late 1900s. Some historians consider the Roman emperor Elagabalus to have been transgender. Elagabalus was reported to have dressed in a feminine manner, preferred to be called "Lady" instead of "Lord" and may have even sought

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3692-402: The negative attitudes and behaviours of such others as legal entities does not indicate GD. GD does not imply an opinion of immorality; the psychological establishment holds that people with any kind of mental or emotional problem should not receive stigma. The solution for GD is whatever will alleviate suffering and restore functionality; this solution often, but not always, consists of undergoing

3763-494: The origins of being transgender. Much study came out of Germany, and was exported to other Western audiences. Cross-dressing was seen in a pragmatic light until the late 1800s; it had previously served a satirical or disguising purpose. But in the latter half of the 1800s, cross-dressing and being transgender became viewed as an increasing societal danger. William A. Hammond wrote an 1882 account of transgender Pueblo "shamans" [ sic ] ( mujerados ), comparing them to

3834-424: The pornographically derived term tranny for drag queens or people who engage in transvestism or cross-dressing; this term is widely considered an offensive slur if applied to transgender people. A precise history of the global occurrence of transgender people is difficult to assess because the modern concept of being transgender, and of gender in general in relation to transgender identity, did not develop until

3905-733: The rate of the general population, and over half had been harassed or turned away when attempting to access public services. Members of the transgender community also encounter high levels of discrimination in health care. As of 2017 , 36 countries in Europe require a mental health diagnosis for legal gender recognition and 20 countries require sterilisation. In April 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that requiring sterilisation for legal gender recognition violates human rights. Jurisdiction over legal classification of sex in Canada

3976-416: The related social expectations that may accompany a given gender role. Many transgender people reject the term transsexual . Christine Jorgensen publicly rejected transsexual in 1979 and instead identified herself in newsprint as trans-gender , saying, "gender doesn't have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity." Some have objected to the term transsexual on the basis that it describes

4047-622: The relative urgency of their need (if any) for sex reassignment surgery. Contemporary views on gender identity and classification differ markedly from Harry Benjamin's original opinions. Sexual orientation is no longer regarded as a criterion for diagnosis, or for distinction between transsexuality, transvestism and other forms of gender-variant behavior and expression. Benjamin's scale was designed for use with heterosexual trans women, and trans men's identities do not align with its categories. Gender, gender identity, and being transgender are distinct concepts from sexual orientation. Sexual orientation

4118-419: The sex and gender assigned to them at birth – that is, those who are neither transgender nor non-binary or genderqueer – are called cisgender . Transfeminine is a term for any person, binary or non-binary, who was assigned male at birth and has a predominantly feminine gender identity or presentation. Transmasculine refers to a person, binary or non-binary, who was assigned female at birth who has

4189-537: The specific problems faced by the transgender community in mental health has focused on diagnosis and clinicians' experiences instead of transgender clients' experiences. Therapy was not always sought by transgender people due to mental health needs. Prior to the seventh version of the Standards of Care (SOC), an individual had to be diagnosed with gender identity disorder in order to proceed with hormone treatments or sexual reassignment surgery. The new version decreased

4260-580: The subject, and perhaps the majority of all study until after WWII. Critical studies first began to emerge in the late 1800s in Germany, with the works of Magnus Hirschfeld. Hirschfeld coined the term "transvestite" in 1910 as the scope of transgender study grew. His work would lead to the 1919 founding of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in Berlin. Though Hirscheld's legacy is disputed, he revolutionized

4331-885: The term transvestic fetishism , as transvestic fetishist refers to those who intermittently use clothing of the opposite gender for fetishistic purposes. In medical terms, transvestic fetishism is differentiated from cross-dressing by use of the separate codes 302.3 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) and F65.1 in the ICD . Drag is clothing and makeup worn on special occasions for performing or entertaining, unlike those who are transgender or who cross-dress for other reasons. Drag performance includes overall presentation and behavior in addition to clothing and makeup. Drag can be theatrical, comedic, or grotesque. Drag queens have been considered caricatures of women by second-wave feminism . Drag artists have

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4402-554: The term transgender should not be included in the transgender spectrum. Leslie Feinberg likewise asserts that transgender is not a self-identifier (for some people) but a category imposed by observers to understand other people. According to the Transgender Health Program (THP) at Fenway Health in Boston, there are no universally-accepted definitions, and confusion is common because terms that were popular at

4473-485: The term transgenderism in his 1965 reference work Sexual Hygiene and Pathology , writing that the term which had previously been used, transsexualism , "is misleading; actually, transgenderism is meant, because sexuality is not a major factor in primary transvestism". The term transgender was then popularized with varying definitions by transgender, transsexual, and transvestite people, including Christine Jorgensen and Virginia Prince , who used transgenderal in

4544-436: The term "sex change" has been criticized for its emphasis on surgery, and the term "transition" is preferred. Availability of these procedures depends on degree of gender dysphoria, presence or absence of gender identity disorder, and standards of care in the relevant jurisdiction. Trans men who have not had a hysterectomy and who take testosterone are at increased risk for endometrial cancer because androstenedione , which

4615-574: The term transgender, but maybe that's it. I don't think I've had any formal training just going through [clinical] programs ... I don't think most [therapists] know. Most therapists – Master's degree, PhD level – they've had ... one diversity class on GLBT issues. One class out of the huge diversity training. One class. And it was probably mostly about gay lifestyle." Many health insurance policies do not cover treatment associated with gender transition, and numerous people are under- or uninsured, which raises concerns about

4686-503: The title Reitan . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reitan&oldid=1257929419 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Apayauq Reitan She

4757-560: The turn of the 21st century may have since been deemed offensive. The THP recommends that clinicians ask clients what terminology they prefer, and avoid the term transsexual unless they are sure that a client is comfortable with it. Harry Benjamin invented a classification system for transsexuals and transvestites, called the Sex Orientation Scale (SOS), in which he assigned transsexuals and transvestites to one of six categories based on their reasons for cross-dressing and

4828-625: The workplace, in accessing public accommodations, and in healthcare. In many places, they are not legally protected from discrimination. Several cultural events are held to celebrate the awareness of transgender people, including Transgender Day of Remembrance and International Transgender Day of Visibility , and the transgender flag is a common transgender pride symbol. Before the mid-20th century, various terms were used within and beyond Western medical and psychological sciences to identify persons and identities labeled transsexual , and later transgender from mid-century onward. Imported from

4899-489: Was more accepting of transgender identities, stating it is "common in many communities to be transgender". Transgender A transgender (often shortened to trans ) person is someone whose gender identity differs from that typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth . Often, transgender people desire medical assistance to medically transition from one sex to another; those who do may identify as transsexual . Transgender does not have

4970-416: Was pressure from a parent (36%)." Legal procedures exist in some jurisdictions which allow individuals to change their legal gender or name to reflect their gender identity. Requirements for these procedures vary from an explicit formal diagnosis of transsexualism , to a diagnosis of gender identity disorder, to a letter from a physician that attests the individual's gender transition or having established

5041-500: Was well discussed by medical writings of the 1500s–1700s. Pierre Petit writing in 1596 viewed the "Scythian disease" as natural variation, but by the 1700s writers viewed it as a "melancholy", or "hysterical" psychiatric disease. By the early 1800s, being transgender separate from Hippocrates' idea of it was claimed to be widely known, but remained poorly documented. Both trans women and trans men were cited in European insane asylums of

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