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24-468: The play was never printed in its historical era (in fact, not until 1844); but it survives in nine manuscripts, and is thought to have been well known in its time. Scholars have studied the relationships between Richardus Tertius and the later plays about Richard III, the anonymous play The True Tragedy of Richard III (printed 1594 ) and Shakespeare 's Richard III . In one view, the unknown author of The True Tragedy used Legge's play occasionally as

48-904: A "probable source" for Richard III , citing several commonalities (as when, in both plays, Richard calls for a horse on Bosworth Field (1485), yet refuses to flee the battle) – though Bullough admits that the nature of the plays' relationship is "not clear." The uncertainty in dating has allowed a few commentators to propose a reversed priority, and to argue that the author (or reviser) of The True Tragedy may have borrowed from Shakespeare's play. Shakespeare appears to have known of The True Tragedy , since he paraphrases it in Hamlet , III, ii, 254, "the croaking raven doth bellow for revenge." Line 1892 in The True Tragedy reads "The screeking raven sits croking for revenge." Unlike Shakespeare, "The True Tragedy" has no act or scene division. In 2021

72-480: A brother, William, who survived him, but no other known brothers or sisters. There is no evidence as to whether Hall ever married. His will, made in 1546–1547, makes no mention of a wife or children, and the only family members named are his brother, William, whom he appoints as executor of his will, and his mother, whom he appoints as overseer. In his will he requested burial in the Greyfriars, London , but he

96-483: A source, but Shakespeare did not. This article on a play from the 17th century is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to the Latin language is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . The True Tragedy of Richard III The True Tragedy of Richard III is an anonymous Elizabethan history play on the subject of Richard III of England . It has attracted

120-787: Is likely Cornhill; "under' meaning below, since it is on a hill. No further editions are known prior to the nineteenth century. Only three copies of the play are known to have survived, all of which are now in the US. One copy can be found in the Carl Pforzheimer library at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas , one is at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C. , and

144-567: Is of little help in dating the True Tragedy . Apart from the question of Richardus Tertius , the author of The True Tragedy relied upon the standard historical sources of his generation for the story of Richard – principally Edward Hall 's chronicle on the Wars of the Roses , and the chronicle by John Hardyng later continued by Richard Grafton . While The True Tragedy clearly belongs to

168-651: The 1594 quarto states that the play was acted by The Queen Majesties Players . The title page of the 1600 quarto states that the play was acted "sundry" times by the "Right Honourable the Earle of Pembrooke his servantes". Any date of authorship for The True Tragedy in the mid-to-late 1580s to the early 1590s would be compatible with performance by the Queen's Men. Critics generally judge the author of The True Tragedy to have been influenced by Thomas Legge 's Latin play Richardus Tertius (c. 1580) – though that relationship

192-540: The Beyond Shakespeare Company released on line a play-reading and discussion of The True Tragedy of Richard III Edward Hall Edward Hall ( c.  1496  – c.  May 1547 ) was an English lawyer and historian, best known for his The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke —commonly known as Hall's Chronicle —first published in 1548. He

216-602: The End of the Reign of Henry VIII , was prepared under the supervision of Sir Henry Ellis and published in 1809. A reprint was issued in 1965. In 1904, the concluding chapter dealing with the reign of Henry VIII was edited by Charles Whibley . The Chronicle begins with the accession of Henry IV to the English throne in 1399; it follows the strife between the houses of Lancaster and York , and with Grafton's continuation carries

240-469: The attention of scholars of English Renaissance drama principally for the question of its relationship with William Shakespeare 's Richard III . The title spelling that appears on the cover page of the quarto is The True Tragedie of Richard the third . The True Tragedy of Richard III should not be confused with The True Tragedy of Richard, Duke of York ; the latter is the early alternative version of Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3 . The play

264-515: The church of St Benet Sherehog was recorded by the diarist Henry Machyn . She appointed as executor of her will Sir William Garrard , and as supervisor Dame Joan Warren, the second wife of Sir Ralph Warren , Lord Mayor of London . According to some sources, Katherine was the 'Mistress Hall' who in 1555 was imprisoned in Newgate for her faith under Queen Mary Tudor, and with whom the religious reformer John Bradford corresponded. Hall had

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288-405: The contents of a library from outside London which he had just purchased. Keen considered that the marginal annotations, most of which are found in the chapters covering the reigns of Henry IV , Henry V , and Henry VI , were made by Shakespeare . Keen published his findings in two journal articles, and in a book co-authored with Roger Lubbock in 1954, The Annotator . After his death Keen left

312-539: The family had been London merchants for some time. Hall's father served as Warden of the Grocers in 1512. According to some sources, Hall's mother, Katherine Geddyng, was the daughter and coheir of Thomas Geddyng of Norfolk , while according to others she was the daughter of John Geddyng, great-grandson of William Geddyng of Lackford , Suffolk, and Mirabel Aspale, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Aspale. Katherine (née Geddying) Hall's burial on 19 June 1557 in

336-653: The genre of the Elizabethan history play, some critics have also pointed out its relationship with the revenge tragedy . There is no external attribution of authorship for The True Tragedy ; and the question of authorship is complicated by the fact that the single text of the play, the 1594 quarto, is notably inferior. Modern critics have tended to treat it as a bad quarto and a "reported text." Individual commentators have nominated Christopher Marlowe , Thomas Lodge , George Peele , and Thomas Kyd , among other writers of their generation, as possible authors or revisers of

360-429: The play; but no scholarly consensus in favour of any single candidate or hypothesis has evolved. The True Tragedy bears a general resemblance to Shakespeare's Richard III , as any play on the same subject would. Critics are not unanimous on the view that Shakespeare used The True Tragedy as a source for his play, though the majority tend to favour this judgement. Geoffrey Bullough treats The True Tragedy as

384-472: The reign of Henry VII and is considerable for the reign of Henry VIII. To the historian it furnishes what is evidently the testimony of an eyewitness on several matters of importance which are neglected by other narrators, and to the student of literature it is of interest as one of the prime sources of Shakespeare's history plays . On 22 June 1940, Alan Keen, a dealer in antiquarian books, discovered an extensively annotated copy of Hall's Chronicle among

408-537: The story down to the death of Henry VIII in 1547. Hall presents the policy of this king in a very favourable light and shows his own sympathy with the Protestants . He has a lawyer's respect for ceremonial of all kinds, and his pages are often adorned and encumbered with the pageantry and material garniture of the story. The value of the Chronicle in its early stages is not great, but increases when dealing with

432-721: The third can be found in the Huntington Library in California. W. W. Greg prepared a modern edition of the play for the Malone Society ; it was published in 1929 primarily from the Pforzheimer copy. "The question of date is confused and unsettled." Most scholars and critics, relying on internal clues in the text, have estimated a date of authorship within a year or two of 1590, though dates as early as c. 1585 have also been posited. The title page of

456-531: The time of Hall's graduation from university, the second son of Robert Fabyan (died 1513) became apprentice to Hall's father, and according to Herman, it was perhaps through this connection that Hall developed what became a lifelong interest in chronicling the events of English history. Hall was a student at Gray's Inn by 1521, and became a lawyer by profession. He was Autumn Reader at his Inn in 1533, and Lent Reader in 1540. According to Herman, Hall may have been first elected to Parliament as early as 1523. He

480-738: Was also several times a member of the Parliament of England . Edward Hall, born in 1497, was the son of John Hall (died 22 February 1528) of Northall in Kynnersley , Shropshire, a London grocer and Merchant of the Staple who resided in the parish of St Mildred in the Poultry . The surname Hall appears in the records of the Worshipful Company of Grocers for several generations prior to Hall's birth, suggesting that members of

504-443: Was elected to represent Much Wenlock in 1529, and represented the borough again in 1539. In 1542, and again in 1545, he was elected for Bridgnorth . Hall served as Common Serjeant of London from 17 March 1533 to 2 June 1535, and as Under-Sheriff from 2 June 1535 until his death. Hall's best-known work, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke , commonly called Hall's Chronicle ,

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528-642: Was entered into the Stationers' Register on 19 June 1594 ; it appeared in print later that year, in a quarto printed and published by Thomas Creede and sold by the stationer William Barley , "at his shop in Newgate Market, near Christ Church door." In addition to Creede's 1594 quarto, another edition of the play was "Printed at London by W.W. for Thomas Millington and are to be sold at his shoppe under Saint Peters Church in Cornewall, 1600." This

552-557: Was instead buried in the church of St Benet Sherehog , which was subsequently destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt. He left all his books in French and English to his brother, William, and his manuscript of his chronicle to Richard Grafton , entrusting him with its publication. Hall began his education at Eton College . In 1514 he was admitted to King's College, Cambridge , graduating BA in 1518. At about

576-529: Was published by the printer Richard Grafton in 1548, the year after Hall's death. A revised edition (printed for Grafton by Richard Jugge ) appeared in 1550. Both included a continuation from 1532 compiled by Grafton from the author's notes. The only complete modern edition, entitled Hall's Chronicle, Containing the History of England During the Reign of Henry IV and the Succeeding Monarchs to

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