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24-474: Rio Nutrias is archaic sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish (primarily rural Castilian) for "beavers river". On August 2, 1776 Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante wrote in his diary, "...we halted in a small plain on the bank of another arroyo which is called Rio de las Nutrias, because, although it is of permanent and running water, apparently during all or most of the year it stands in pools where they say beavers breed." In his annotated 1900 translation of

48-762: A Sonoran Desert mission in the Sonora y Sinaloa Province in northern Mexico. In 1777, Domínguez returned to Mexico and was the chaplain of presidios in Nueva Vizcaya. In 1800, he was at Janos, Sonora, Mexico. He died between 1803 and 1805. Fray Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante was born in Treceño, Cantabria, Spain about 1750. When he was 17 he became a Franciscan in the Convento Grande in Mexico City. In 1774 he came to present-day New Mexico in

72-511: A painting of St. Michael on an altar screen in Santa Fe's chapel of San Miguel and statuettes that were in the Zuni church. Fathers Domínguez and Escalante named three Timpanogos/Ute Native Americans who joined the expedition as guides: Other men who began the expedition in Santa Fe include: The Domínguez–Escalante expedition was undertaken in 1776 with the purpose of finding a route across

96-567: A river larger than usual"; the reference being of course to the damming of the stream by these animals." In his dictionary of New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish, Rubén Cobos also translates the contemporary Spanish word nutria for otter, as meaning beaver in the archaic Spanish that persists in the region from the earliest settlers since 1598. The Rio Nutrias passes through the village of Nutrias, not to be confused with Las Nutrias (Census designated place in Socorro County , NM ) at

120-592: A very heavy rain. Father Fray Francisco Atanasio became worse and the road impassable, and so, having traveled with great difficulty two more leagues to the west, we had to camp on the bank of the first of two little rivers which form the San Lázaro, otherwise called Río de los Mancos . The pasturage continues in great abundance. Today four and a half leagues. Escalante and Domínguez Pueblos, August 13 Nucla, August 23 Bowie, September 1–2 Rangely, September 10 The travel journal kept by Escalante provided

144-616: The American West , including present-day western Colorado, Utah, and northern Arizona. Along part of the journey, they were aided by three indigenous guides of the Timpanogos tribe ( Ute people ). The land was harsh and unforgiving, and hardships encountered during travel forced the group to return to Santa Fe before reaching Las Californias . Maps and documentation produced by the expedition aided future travelers. The Domínguez–Escalante route eventually became an early template for

168-752: The Highway 84 crossing. It enters Nutrias Canyon in its last couple miles before its confluence with the Rio Chama. This Rio Nutrias is not to be confused with the Rio Nutrias that is a tributary to the Rio San Antonio, or Rio Nutria that is a tributary to the Zuni River . Not surprisingly, the river is excellent habitat for beavers ( Castor canadensis ). Silvestre V%C3%A9lez de Escalante The Domínguez–Escalante Expedition

192-712: The Old Spanish Trail , a trade route from Santa Fe to Pacific Coast settlements. Fray Francisco Atanasio Domínguez was born in Mexico City about 1740, and in 1757, at the age of 17, joined the Franciscan order. In October 1772, Domínguez was at the Convent of Veracruz as Commissary of the Third Order . He arrived in Santa Fe on March 22, 1776, in present-day New Mexico, of the Mexican province to inspect

216-633: The Sonoran Desert , then called " Pimería Alta de Sonora y Sinaloa" (Upper Pima of Sonora and Sinaloa), now divided between the Mexican state of Sonora and the U.S. state of Arizona . Jesuits in missions in Northwestern Mexico wrote reports that throw light on the indigenous peoples they evangelized. A 1601 report, Relación de la Provincia de Nuestra Señora de Sinaloa was published in 1945. An important Jesuit report concerned

240-741: The Spanish Catholic Jesuits and other orders for religious conversions of the Pima and Tohono O'odham indigenous peoples residing in the Sonoran Desert. An added goal was giving Spain a colonial presence in their frontier territory of the Sonora y Sinaloa Province in the Viceroyalty of New Spain , and relocating by Indian Reductions ( Reducciones de Indios ) settlements and encomiendas for agricultural, ranching, and mining labor. The missions are in an area of

264-659: The Custody of the Conversion of St. Paul and investigate opening an overland route from Santa Fe to Monterey, California. Upon his return to Santa Fe and Mexico City, Domínguez submitted to his Franciscan superiors a report that was highly critical of the administration of the New Mexico missions. His views caused him to fall out of favor with the Franciscans in power, leading him to an assignment to an obscure post at

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288-566: The Mexican province; he was first stationed at Laguna pueblo and then in January 1775 assigned as a minister to the Zuni. In June 1776 he was summoned by Domínguez for the expedition to California and remained in New Mexico for two years following the expedition. He died at the age of 30 in April 1780 in Parral, Mexico, during his return journey to Mexico City for medical treatment. Vélez de Escalante

312-668: The Native Americans (including the Sobaipuri ) in the area called the " Pimería Alta ," or "Upper Pima Country," which presently is located in northern Sonora and southern Arizona . During Father Eusebio Kino's stay in the Pimería Alta, he founded over twenty missions in eight mission districts. On February 3, 1768, King Carlos III ordered the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and its overseas empire. Despite

336-803: The Ute country of southwestern Colorado. Three Timpanogos guides led them through Colorado and Utah. These Spanish colonists were the first European men to travel through much of the Colorado Plateau into Utah, and back through Arizona to New Mexico. During the course of their trip, they documented the route and provided detailed information about the "lush, mountainous land filled with game and timber, strange ruins of stone cities and villages, and rivers showing signs of precious metals." Santa Rosa de Abiquiú, July 30 Mesa Verde, August 10 Father Fray Francisco Atanasio [Domínguez] awoke troubled by rheumatic fever which he felt in his face and head since

360-483: The day before, and it was desirable that we make camp here until he should be better, but the continuous rains, the inclemency of the weather, and the great dampness of the place forced us to leave it. Going north, and having traveled a little more than half a league , we turned to the northwest, went on a league and then swung west through valleys of very beautiful timber and abundant pasturage, roses, and various other flowers. After going two leagues we were again caught in

384-464: The diary of Francisco Garcés , Elliott Coues wrote in a footnote: "In proof of this use of nutrias for beavers I can cite a passage in Escalante's Diario. Doc. para Hist. Mex.,2d ser., i, 1854, p. 426: "Aqui tienen las nutrias hechos con palizades tales tanques, que representan a primera vista un rio mas que mediano - here have the beavers made with sticks such ponds that they look at first sight like

408-568: The expedition provided useful information for future travel, and their route from Santa Fe to the Salt Lake Valley became the first segment of a route later known as the Old Spanish Trail . Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert The Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert ( Spanish : Misiones jesuíticas en el desierto de Sonora ) are a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by

432-674: The first written descriptions of the geography and people in the area that would later become the state of Utah . Yampa Plateau, September 11 Uinta National Forest, September 20 Utah Lake, September 23 Payson, September 26 Beaver River Valley, October 5 Mojave Desert, northwestern Arizona, October 16 Paria River, October 22 Crossing of the Fathers, Colorado River, October 26 – November 7 Northeastern Arizona, November 8–12 Pueblo of Oraybi, November 16 Northwestern New Mexico and Santa Fe, November 17 – January 2, 1777 The maps and information resulting from

456-556: The largely unexplored continental interior from Santa Fe, New Mexico , to Spanish missions in Las Californias , such as the Spanish presidio at Monterey . On July 29, 1776, Atanasio Domínguez led the expedition from Santa Fe with fellow friar Silvestre Vélez de Escalante and cartographer Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco (Miera). The initial part of their journey followed the route taken by Juan Rivera eleven years earlier into

480-447: The order, many Jesuits remained in and around the present day Tucson, Arizona , as late as the 1780s. Missions were organized hierarchically. Each province contained several missions ( cabaceras ), which might have dependent visitas . (A particularly successful visita might be promoted to a mission in its own right.) Each mission or visita in turn had subordinate pueblos. The five provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa were: As of

504-584: The resistance in 1691 of the Tarahumara to evangelization, Historia de la tercera rebelión tarahumara . Another important Jesuit account of evangelization in Sonora is Estado y descripción de Sonora, 1730 , which has considerable information about the size of the indigenous population, culture, and languages. In the Spring of 1687, Jesuit missionary named Father Eusebio Francisco Kino lived and worked with

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528-527: Was a Spanish journey of exploration conducted in 1776 by two Franciscan priests, Atanasio Domínguez and Silvestre Vélez de Escalante , to find an overland route from Santa Fe, New Mexico , to their Roman Catholic mission in Monterey , on the coast of modern day central California. Domínguez, Vélez de Escalante, and Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco , acting as the expedition's cartographer , traveled with ten men from Santa Fe through many unexplored portions of

552-689: Was an army engineer, merchant, Indian fighter, government agent, rancher and artist. It was his experience as a cartographer that made the expedition historic when he produced several maps of the expedition around 1778 and a report on the expedition, which is included in Herbert E. Bolton, Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin . He is also known for his artwork, including

576-462: Was known for his journal, in which he described the expeditions he went on. Escalante namesakes include Escalante Desert , Escalante River , Escalante (town) , Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument . Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco , a native of Valle de Carriedo, Cantabria, Spain, lived in Chihuahua before he moved to El Paso in 1743. From 1754–56 he lived in Santa Fe. Multi-talented, he

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