128-586: The Rise Above Movement (RAM) is a militant alt-right Southern California -based street fighting group which has variously been described as "a loose collective of violent neo-Nazis and fascists ", white nationalists , white supremacists , and far-right persons. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), it "is inspired by identitarian movements in Europe and it is trying to bring their philosophies and violent tactics to
256-444: A political scientist specializing in the U.S. far-right , disagreed with this approach, noting that using terms like "white supremacist" in place of "alt-right" conceals the way that alt-right differed from other far-right movements. The 'alt-right' or 'alternative right' is a name currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists to refer to themselves and their ideology, which emphasizes preserving and protecting
384-601: A California Model Continuation High School. The Independent Study Program supports grades 9-12 and is housed on the Patricia Deizler campus. Additionally, Redondo Beach has two middle schools, Adams Middle School and Parras Middle School . Adams Middle School, located in North Redondo Beach, primarily serves 6th to 8th grade students in the North Redondo area, with Parras Middle School being
512-436: A Degenerate Homosexual and an Ethnic Mongrel". Many press sources subsequently termed Yiannopoulos "alt-right". This was rejected both by Hawley, and by alt-rightists; on Occidental Dissent , Griffin asked: "What the hell does Milo Yiannopoulos—a Jewish homosexual who boasts about carrying on interracial relationships with black men—have to do with us?" Other observers instead labeled Yiannopoulos "alt-light" or "alt-lite",
640-471: A central participant in the wave of far-Right protest movements in California during the first half of 2017 which have attempted to mobilize a broad range of right-wing constituents under the banners of protecting so-called "free speech,: unyielding support for Donald Trump , and antipathy towards Muslims, immigrants, and other oppressed groups. The group uses social media to recruit members, emphasizing
768-510: A genuine—if revolutionary—alternative to the conservative movement that refocused the right's energy on racial consciousness." One of those endorsing Gottfried's idea was fellow paleoconservative Richard B. Spencer . Born in 1978 to a wealthy family and raised in Dallas , Texas , in 2007, Spencer had dropped out of his PhD programme at Duke University to take up a position at The American Conservative magazine. Spencer claimed he coined
896-512: A graphic about African-American crime statistics which included the white nationalist hashtag "#WhiteGenocide". The alt-righter RamZPaul rejoiced, retweeting Trump's piece with the comment: "Trump watches and is influenced by the Alt Right". Over coming months, Trump retweeted a second tweet that had "#WhiteGenocide" as a hashtag as well as sharing other tweets issued by white supremacists. The alt-right saw this as further evidence that Trump
1024-425: A gun towards counter-protesters. One participant in the rally, a 20-year-old from Ohio named James Alex Fields Jr. , rammed his car into counter-protesters , killing 32-year old Heather D. Heyer and injuring 35 others. Although Spencer condemned the killing, other alt-rightists celebrated it. Fields was arrested and later sentenced to life in prison. The car ramming incident brought much negative publicity to
1152-480: A housing development. The city has also participated in legal proceedings to preserve its ability to participate in residential zoning decisions, including the discretion to regulate single-family homes from being transformed by for-profit developers into “six-on-a-lots.” In 1983, the city of Redondo Beach adopted a resolution “recognizing the Goodyear Airship Columbia (aka Goodyear blimp) as
1280-445: A less extreme form of white nationalism. In 2016, the alt-right gained popularity online through social media and forums . Far more widely visited than these alt-right websites was Breitbart News , which between 2016 and 2018 received over 10 million unique visitors a month. Launched by the conservative Andrew Breitbart in 2005, it came under the control of Steve Bannon in 2012. A right-wing nationalist and populist, Bannon
1408-678: A median home costing $ 1.4 million, 60% higher than the regional average for Los Angeles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Redondo Beach had a population of 66,748. The population density was 10,751.1 inhabitants per square mile (4,151.0/km ). The racial makeup of Redondo Beach was 49,805 (74.6%) White (65.2% Non-Hispanic White), 1,852 (2.8%) African American , 291 (0.4%) Native American , 8,004 (12.0%) Asian , 199 (0.3%) Pacific Islander , 2,725 (4.1%) from other races , and 3,872 (5.8%) from two or more races. There were 10,142 residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race (15.2%). The Census reported that 66,317 people (99.4% of
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#17327752762681536-528: A particular link between the two movements due to his staunch anti-egalitarianism and support for ideas about differing IQ levels among racial groups. Also cited in connection with the alt-right was the Dark Enlightenment , or neo- reactionary movement, which emerged online in the 2000s, pursuing an anti-egalitarian message. This movement intersected with the alt-right; many individuals identified with both movements. The Dark Enlightenment however
1664-572: A physical one, Spencer and other alt-right figures organized the August 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia , which led to violent clashes with counter-demonstrators and resulted in one death when an alt-right member drove his car through the crowd of counter-demonstrators . The fallout from the rally resulted in a decline of the alt-right. The alt-right movement espouses
1792-526: A similar way to how civil rights groups lobbied for the rights of African Americans and Hispanic Americans . Although white nationalists often distanced themselves from white supremacism, white supremacist sentiment remained prevalent in white nationalist writings. American white nationalists believed that the United States had been created as a nation explicitly for white people of European descent and that it should remain that way. Many called for
1920-563: A single count each of violating the federal rioting statute as well as with conspiring to violate it. They were said to have come to the rally "with the intent to . . . commit violent acts in furtherance of a riot." According to an affidavit, the four men who were charged were "among the most violent individuals present in Charlottesville" for the rally. The charges were not related to the death of Heather Heyer . On May 3, 2019, Daley and Miselis pled guilty to conspiring to riot, joining
2048-582: A site adjacent to City Hall was identified for a new, modern Main Library building. The new Main Library for the City of Redondo Beach opened on July 8, 1995, at 303 N. Pacific Coast Highway. A North Branch Library was also established in 1930 and started at the Grant Community Hall, it then moved to its current location at 2000 Artesia Boulevard in 1949. A new North Branch Library was constructed on
2176-455: A source of foods including halibut, lobster, and sea bass, and also of salt. The Tongva village of Ongovanga or Onoova-nga, meaning "Place of Salt," was located near a salt lake the old Redondo Salt Lake , "a spring-fed salt lake about 200 yards [180 m] wide and 600 yards [550 m] long situated about 200 yards from the ocean". Up through the 1700s, the Chowigna bartered salt from
2304-497: A term also applied to rightists like Mike Cernovich and Gavin McInnes . McInnes clarified his understanding of the difference between the alt-right and alt-lite by explaining that while the former focused on the white race, the latter welcomed individuals of any racial background who shared its belief in the superiority of Western culture . In June 2015, billionaire businessman Donald Trump announced plans to campaign to become
2432-643: Is a charter city . Almost two thirds of the residents in Los Angeles County, the majority in Southern California, and a plurality of Californians live in charter cities according to the 2010 US Census. As a charter city, Redondo Beach can adopt amendments to its city charter. In the California State Legislature , Redondo Beach is in the 24th Senate District , represented by Democrat Ben Allen , and in
2560-435: Is a far-right , white nationalist movement. A largely online phenomenon , the alt-right originated in the United States during the late 2000s before increasing in popularity and establishing a presence in other countries during the mid-2010s, and has been declining since 2017. The term is ill-defined and has been used in different ways by academics, journalists, media commentators, and alt-right members themselves. In 2010,
2688-756: Is being undermined by " Muslims , immigrants and Jews ", as well as liberals. Heidi Beirich, Director of the Southern Poverty Law Center 's Intelligence Project, said that members of the Rise Above Movement "think they're holding onto the old California, which was white, which was conservative, which was male-run, which was connected to the military ... and now that culture is being lost and they're fighting to bring it back. In other words, it's reactive." According to ProPublica , RAM has "...a singular purpose: physically attacking its ideological foes. RAM's members spend weekends training in boxing and other martial arts , and they have publicly boasted about
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#17327752762682816-598: Is located in Redondo Beach. Created in 1955, as South Bay Hospital, to provide health and wellness services to the residents of Hermosa Beach , Manhattan Beach , and Redondo Beach. The district took on its current name in 1993. In 2002, Beach Cities Health District opened AdventurePlex, a Manhattan Beach fitness facility for youth and their families of the three beach cities. AdventurePlex has mazes, tunnels, outdoor rock climbing walls, complex ropes courses , and an indoor gymnasium. The Redondo Beach Police Department
2944-538: Is not in favor of globalization, immigration and cultural diversity." The alt-right had various ideological forebears. The idea of white supremacy had been dominant across U.S. political discourse throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. After World War II , it was increasingly repudiated and relegated to the far-right of the country's political spectrum. Far-right groups retaining such ideas—such as George Lincoln Rockwell 's American Nazi Party and William Luther Pierce 's National Alliance —remained marginal. By
3072-437: Is overwhelmingly white and male, attracted to the movement by deteriorating living standards and prospects, anxieties about the social role of white masculinity, and anger at left-wing and non-white forms of identity politics such as feminism and Black Lives Matter . Alt-right material has contributed to the radicalization of men responsible for various murders and terrorist attacks in the U.S. since 2014. Critics charge that
3200-476: Is that 'white identity' is under attack by multicultural forces using 'political correctness' and 'social justice' to undermine white people and 'their' civilization". The Anti-Defamation League states that "alt-right" is a "vague term actually encompass[ing] a range of people on the extreme right who reject mainstream conservatism in favor of forms of conservatism that embrace implicit or explicit racism or white supremacy". The Encyclopædia Britannica defined
3328-769: The Daily Stormer website—named after the Der Stürmer newspaper active in Nazi Germany —in 2013. By 2016, Anglin called the Daily Stormer "the world's most visited alt-right website". While some of the websites associated with the alt-right—like The Daily Stormer and the Traditionalist Youth Network—adopted neo-Nazi approaches, others, such as Occidental Dissent , The Unz Review , Vox Popoli , and Chateau Heartiste , adopted
3456-607: The 2020 census , up from 66,748 in 2010 . Redondo Beach was originally part of the 1785 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant that later became the South Redondo area. The primary attractions include Municipal Pier and the sandy beach, popular with tourists and a variety of sports enthusiasts. The western terminus of the Metro Rail C Line (formerly the Green Line) is in North Redondo Beach. The South Bay area
3584-530: The 66th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Al Muratsuchi . In the United States House of Representatives , Redondo Beach is in California's 36th congressional district , represented by Democrat Ted Lieu . In the 2008 presidential election Barack Obama won 59% of the vote and John McCain won 37% of the vote. The Redondo Beach Unified School District serves
3712-618: The AlternativeRight website and took it offline in December 2013. By that year, Spencer was expressing ambivalence about the "alternative right" label; he preferred to be called an "identitarian". On the Internet, Spencer's term "alternative right" was adopted and abbreviated to "alt-right". According to Slate magazine, the abbreviation "retains the former phrase's associations—the mix of alienation and optimism embedded in
3840-477: The Anti-Riot Act were fully severable . When Miselis was arrested, a search of his house found assault weapon ammunition, smoke bombs and flares, as well as a poster which read "88", code for " Heil Hitler " — "H" being the eighth letter of the alphabet. Miselis had recently met members of violent white supremacist groups in Europe, according to prosecutors. In October 2018, four other members of
3968-608: The Heathen Stephen McNallen . Spencer noted that "if you look at the initial articles for AlternativeRight.com , that was the first stage of the Alt-Right really coming into its own". AlternativeRight.com consisted primarily of short essays, covering a range of political and cultural issues. Many of these reflected the influence of the French Nouvelle Droite, although this declined as
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4096-537: The Red Ice video and radio network. In August 2017, the Unite the Right rally took place in Charlottesville, Virginia , bringing together alt-rightists with members of other far-right movements. Many alt-rightists thought that the rally would mark a turning point in the transformation of their movement from an online phenomenon into a street-based one. At altright.com, editor Vincent Law for instance predicted before
4224-525: The pseudoscientific idea of biological racism and promotes a form of identity politics in favor of European Americans and white people internationally. Anti-egalitarian in nature, it rejects the liberal democratic basis of U.S. governance, and opposes both the conservative and liberal wings of the country's political mainstream. Many of its members seek to replace the U.S. with a white separatist ethnostate . Some alt-rightists seek to make white nationalism socially respectable, while others (known as
4352-400: The " 1488 " scene) adopt openly white supremacist and neo-Nazi stances to shock and provoke. Some alt-rightists are antisemitic , promoting a conspiracy theory that there is a Jewish plot to bring about white genocide , although other alt-rightists view most Jews as members of the white race. The alt-right is anti-feminist and intersects with the online manosphere . Most adherents to
4480-452: The " press and broadcast media ", the term had been "used to describe everything from hardcore Nazis and Holocaust deniers , through to mainstream Republicans in the US, and right-wing populists in Europe". Consequently, because the term "alt-right" was coined by white nationalists themselves, rather than by academic observers, or by their opponents, various journalists avoided it. George Hawley,
4608-477: The "Alt-Right" had become "the banner of white identity politics". The term gained wider usage on websites like 4chan and Reddit , growing in popularity in 2015. Although there had previously been a strong left-libertarian contingent to these online spaces, there was a gradual rightward turn in chan culture centred on 4chan's politics board, /pol/ , during the early-mid 2010s, with the fundamentalist approach to free speech contributing. According to Hawley,
4736-792: The "fight club" aspect by posting videos of their training sessions, and refers to itself as the "premier MMA [mixed martial arts] club of the Alt-Right ." According to the Anti-Defamation League , "While they consider themselves a part of the alt right, R.A.M.'s membership has deep roots in California's racist skinhead movement, and it includes individuals who have faced serious criminal charges, including assault , robbery and weapons offenses." By January 2021, an Active Club Network largely inspired by RAM had been formed, later developing an active presence in at least 25 states with multiple international chapters. One way in which
4864-406: The 1990s, white supremacism was largely confined to neo-Nazi and Ku Klux Klan (KKK) groups, although its ideologues wanted to return it to the mainstream. That decade, several white supremacists reformulated their ideas as white nationalism , through which they presented themselves not as seeking to dominate non-white racial groups but rather as lobbying for the interests of European Americans in
4992-462: The 1990s; online, the white nationalist and Patriot movements increasingly converged. Following the election of Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama to the presidency in 2008—making him the first black president of the country—the world-views of various right-wing movements, including white supremacists, Patriots, and Tea Partiers , increasingly began to coalesce, in part due to a shared racial animus against Obama. According to Tait, during
5120-424: The 2014 Gamergate controversy , the alt-right made increasing use of trolling and online harassment to raise its profile. It attracted broader attention in 2015, particularly through coverage on Steve Bannon 's Breitbart News , due to alt-right support for Donald Trump 's presidential campaign . Upon being elected , Trump disavowed the movement. Attempting to transform itself from an online-based movement to
5248-778: The 2018 elections. The neo-Nazi and Holocaust denier Arthur Jones ran for an Illinois congressional seat, the white supremacist Paul Nehlen for the Wisconsin seat of Paul Ryan , the Republican Speaker of the House, and the neo-Nazi Patrick Little for the United States Senate election in California, 2018 . "Dissident right" is a term used by some groups within the alt-right to make white nationalism appear more mainstream or fun. During October and November 2019, Turning Point USA 's "Culture War" college tour
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5376-540: The Alternative Right", it did not contain the phrase "alternative right" itself. Gottfried observed that, as the paleoconservative movement declined, a new cohort of young right-wingers were rising to take its place in challenging the neoconservative ideology then dominant in the Republican Party and broader U.S. conservative movement. According to Tait, Spencer "saw their project as the creation of
5504-747: The American white nationalist Richard B. Spencer launched The Alternative Right webzine . His "alternative right" was influenced by earlier forms of American white nationalism, as well as paleoconservatism , the Dark Enlightenment , and the Nouvelle Droite . His term was shortened to "alt-right" and popularized by far-right participants of /pol/ , the politics board of the web forum 4chan . It came to be associated with other white nationalist websites and groups, including Andrew Anglin 's Daily Stormer , Brad Griffin's Occidental Dissent , and Matthew Heimbach's Traditionalist Worker Party . Following
5632-654: The Chamber of Commerce recommended a new library be built on the site previously occupied by the Hotel Redondo in what is now Veterans Park. The Veterans Park Library is a Spanish/Dutch colonial building designed by architect Lovel Bearse Pemberton and opened on July 2, 1930. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. After serving as the Main Library for the city for 60 years,
5760-468: The Internet quickly, effectively or widely. More recently, however, they have experienced a resurgence and mainstreaming, benefitting greatly from social media." According to Hawley, the alt-right began in 2008. In November of that year, the paleoconservative ideologue and academic Paul Gottfried gave a talk at his H. L. Mencken Club in Baltimore . Although the talk was titled "The Decline and Rise of
5888-679: The Ninth Circuit and the indictments were reinstated. Robert Rundo, Robert Boman, and Tyler Laube were re-indicted in January 2023. In early August 2023, Robert Rundo was extradited to the United States from Romania . Rundo had left the U.S. in the time between the dismissal of the charges against him in June 2019, and their reinstatement in January 2023. Rundo pleaded not guilty to the charges of conspiracy and rioting. Alt-right The alt-right (abbreviated from alternative right )
6016-477: The Nouvelle Droite. The alt-right also exhibited similarities with the paleoconservative movement which emerged in the U.S. during the 1980s. Both opposed neoconservatism and expressed similar positions on restricting immigration and supporting an openly nationalistic foreign policy; however, unlike the alt-right, the paleoconservatives were typically closely aligned to Christianity and wanted to reform
6144-697: The President Sebastian Gorka , Special Assistant to the President Julia Hahn , and speechwriter Darren Beattie. After Trump's election, the alt-right also supported the unsuccessful campaigns of several other Republicans, including Roy Moore . Some Republican candidates who were alleged to have alt-right links also ran for office, among them Paul Nehlen , Corey Stewart , Josh Mandel , and Joe Arpaio . In 2016, Twitter began closing alt-right accounts it regarded as engaging in abuse or harassment; among those closed were
6272-819: The Redondo Beach Station #2 Post Office at 1715 Via El Prado, the North Redondo Beach Post Office at 2215 Artesia Boulevard, and the Galleria Post Office at Suite 377D at 1815 Hawthorne Boulevard. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway , Los Angeles , near Torrance and serving Redondo Beach. The Beach Cities Health District, one of 78 California Health Districts,
6400-564: The Republican Party". Attacking the alt-right as "racist ideas[...] anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant, anti-women ideas", she accused Trump of taking them "mainstream". Clinton said that while half of Trump's supporters were decent individuals "desperate for change", the other half represented a " basket of deplorables ". After Clinton's speech, traffic to alt-right websites rose and the mainstream media gave it increasing coverage; Spencer and other alt-rightists were pleased, believing her speech gave them greater publicity and helped legitimize them in
6528-559: The Republican nominee for the 2016 presidential election , attracting the interest of alt-rightists as well as from white nationalists more broadly, neo-Nazis, KKK groups, and the Patriot movement. Vocal in their support for Trump's campaign , this cause energized the alt-right and gave them the opportunity for a broader audience. Niewert observed that "Trump was the gateway drug for the alt-right", with many individuals learning of
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#17327752762686656-758: The US. He was arrested at Los Angeles International Airport . A search of his home found a large framed portrait of Adolf Hitler . Boman and Laube were arrested on October 24 in Southern California. Eason surrendered himself on October 29. Beside the Unite the Right rally, the incidents cited took place in Huntington Beach in March 2017 and in UC Berkeley in April 2017. While Laube pled guilty in November 2018,
6784-426: The United States." Its members are primarily located in the areas of Orange County and San Diego , and as of 2018, have been variously numbered at 20 to 50. The group was started by Robert Rundo as DIY Division (DIY standing for Do It Yourself) before changing its name in early 2017. It is described as a "militant racist and anti-Semitic group" and sees itself as defending Western civilization , which they claim
6912-463: The accounts of Spencer and his NPI. In February 2017, Reddit then closed down the "r/altright" subreddit after its participants were found to have breached its policy prohibiting doxing . Facebook followed by shutting down Spencer's pages on its platform in April 2018. In January 2017, Spencer launched a new website, Altright.com , which combined the efforts of the Arktos publishing company and
7040-418: The act of proudly affirming an 'alternative' direction—but compacts them into a snappier package". The "alt-right" tag was created with public relations in mind, allowing white nationalists to soften their image and helping to draw in recruits from conservatism. Many white nationalists gravitated to the term to escape the negative connotations of the term "white nationalism". Spencer thought that by this point,
7168-563: The acts of violence which they have committed during protests in Huntington Beach , San Bernardino and Berkeley . Many of the altercations have been captured on video ..." Because of its focus on street fighting , it has been described as "less like the Klan and more like a fight club". According to NoCARA: [It is] a loose collective of violent neo-Nazis and fascists from Southern California that's organized and trains primarily to engage in fighting and violence at political rallies. They have been
7296-423: The alt-right "managed to reintroduce racist and antisemitic discourse into the mainstream of the right via the overlapping circles of the hardcore alt-right, the alt-lite, and the nebulous world of online anti-progressivism. The story of the alt-right, then, is one of how the American right, or any modern ideological movement, can—and cannot—police itself without guardrails. There has been widespread concern that as
7424-468: The alt-right are also Islamophobic . The movement distinguished itself from earlier forms of white nationalism through its largely online presence and its heavy use of irony and humor, particularly through the promotion of memes like Pepe the Frog . Individuals who are aligned with many of the alt-right's ideas without espousing its white nationalism have been termed " alt-lite ". The alt-right's membership
7552-482: The alt-right as "a loose association of relatively young white nationalists (who largely disavowed racism but celebrated 'white' identity and lamented the alleged erosion of white political and economic power and the decline of white culture in the face of nonwhite immigration and multiculturalism), white supremacists, extreme libertarians , and neo-Nazis." In the Columbia Journalism Review ,
7680-511: The alt-right grew. Spencer later stated that he wanted to create a movement distinct from the white power image of neo-Nazi and KKK groups, noting that their approach to white nationalism was "a total nonstarter. No one outside a hardcore coterie would identify with it". In 2011, Spencer became the head of the white nationalist National Policy Institute and launched the Radix Journal to promote his views; in 2012, he stepped down from
7808-659: The alt-right included Spencer, Vox Day , and Brittany Pettibone . Earlier white nationalist thinkers were also characterized as alt-right thinkers, among them Taylor, and MacDonald. Other prominent alt-rightists included Brad Griffin, a member of the neo-Confederate League of the South who founded the Occidental Dissent blog, Matthew Heimbach , who established the Traditionalist Youth Network in 2013, and Andrew Anglin , who launched
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#17327752762687936-526: The alt-right meant ... a constellation of writers and thinkers working outside the mainstream conservative establishment. ... who valued anti-modern sources of identity, such as ethnicity or religion, the United States' historic whiteness, or traditional cultural norms. ... [and] opposed immigration and globalized capitalism. Alienated by Reaganism , which they considered a conservative form of liberalism because of its insistence on individualism and its Jeffersonian sense of equality, some paleoconservatives broached
8064-490: The alt-right remained "far to Trump's right", and Trump himself had little understanding of the movement. Many alt-rightists recognized that Trump did not share their white nationalism and would not bring about all the changes they desired; they nevertheless approved of his hard attitude to immigration, his calls for a ban on Muslims entering the U.S. , and for a wall to be built along the border with Mexico to curtail illegal immigration. They were grateful that he had shifted
8192-413: The alt-right was "an outgrowth of Internet troll culture", with Hermansson et al observing that "Online Antagonistic Communities" were key to the formation of the alt-right as a distinct movement. The alt-right's emergence was marked by the online gamergate controversy of 2014, in which some gamers harassed those promoting feminism within the gaming scene and voiced opposition towards progressivism in
8320-478: The alt-right"; he may have been referring not to the website's official content but to its comments section—which is lightly moderated and contains more extreme views than those of Breitbart itself. Several political scientists rejected the characterization of Breitbart as alt-right, although press sources repeatedly described it as such, and the journalist Mike Wendling termed Breitbart "the chief popular media amplifier of alt-right ideas". In March 2016,
8448-534: The alt-right's edgy humor, intended to provoke those who believed in a progressive morality." Lastly, Tait noted that unlike the "moral opprobrium" of the Ku Klux Klan and American Nazi Party , "the early alt-right centered on flagship publications was, to some extent, invested in a kind of white nationalist respectability politics." The Southern Poverty Law Center defined the alt-right as "a set of far-right ideologies, groups and individuals whose core belief
8576-537: The alt-right. Taylor, for instance, became a revered figure in alt-right circles. Under the Republican presidency of George W. Bush in the 2000s, the white nationalist movement focused largely on criticizing conservatives rather than liberals , accusing them of betraying white Americans. In that period, they drew increasingly on the conspiracy theories that had been generated by the Patriot movement since
8704-405: The average family size was 2.87. In the city, 18.8% of the population was under the age of 18; 6.1%, aged 18 to 24; 43.1%, aged 25 to 44; 23.6%, aged 45 to 64; and 8.5% aged 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males. According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city
8832-635: The backlash of the Unite the Right rally, the fracturing of the movement, more effective banishment of hate speech and harassment from major social media websites and widespread opposition by the American population. In 2018, Heidi Beirich of the Southern Poverty Law Center described it as "imploding", while Marilyn Mayo of the Anti-Defamation League stated that the alt-right was in "a downward spiral, but it doesn't mean they're going to disappear". That year, Heimbach
8960-458: The chance of a large-scale political movement dies out, lone-wolf terrorist attacks from members will become common. In 2017, terrorist attacks and violence affiliated with the alt-right and white supremacy were the leading cause of extremist violence in the United States. Zack Beauchamp of Vox suggested that "other, more nakedly violent far-right movements have risen in its wake". Several alt-right candidates ran as Republican candidates in
9088-578: The city. Redondo Union High School is the zoned high school, with the adjoining campus of Patricia Dreizler Continuation High School located to the east of the Redondo Union High School main grounds serving as a continuation school. The Redondo Beach Learning Academy, a community day school houses 9th-12th graders, is located on the South Bay Adult School campus in Redondo Beach. Dreizler continues to be recognized as
9216-537: The conservative movement rather than destroy it. Certain paleoconservatives, such as Samuel T. Francis , became especially close to white nationalism. There were also links between the American right-libertarian movement and the alt-right, despite libertarianism's general condemnation of identity politics and collectivism . Many senior alt-rightists previously considered themselves libertarians, and right-libertarian theorist Murray Rothbard has been cited as
9344-568: The designated middle school of South Redondo Beach. The city also has eight established elementary schools: Alta Vista, Beryl Heights, Birney, Jefferson, Lincoln, Madison, Tulita and Washington. All twelve schools are evenly divided throughout the North and South areas of Redondo Beach, with five elementary schools and one middle school located in North/Central Redondo Beach; and three elementary schools, one middle school, and
9472-560: The economy from "highly educated women". All of these factors also lead to "the collapse of intellectual and political guardrails on the right. The alt-right drew upon several older currents of right-wing thought. One was the Nouvelle Droite , a far-right movement that originated in 1960s France before spreading elsewhere in Europe. Many alt-rightists adopted the Nouvelle Droite's views on pursuing long-term cultural change through " metapolitical " strategies; it thereby shares similarities with European identitarianism , which also draws upon
9600-603: The end" for the alt-right, with the movement's growth stalling from that point. Celebrating Trump's victory, Spencer held a November meeting in Washington D.C. in which he stated that he thought that he had "a psychic connection, a deeper connection with Donald Trump, in a way we simply do not have with most Republicans". He ended the conference by declaring "Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!", to which various attendees responded with Nazi salutes and chanting. This attracted significant press attention. When questioned on
9728-411: The event and its participants, earning the alt-right a reputation for violence. Various commentators and politicians, including Sessions, labelled Fields' ramming attack " domestic terrorism ". Trump claimed that there were "some very fine people on both sides" of the Charlottesville protests, stating that what he called the "alt-left" bore some responsibility for the violence. Spencer stated that he
9856-536: The event took place that "People will talk about Charlottesville as a turning point". However, the event and its aftermath proved demoralizing for many in the movement. Various violent acts took place at the rally. An African-American man, DeAndre Harris , was assaulted by demonstrators, while Richard W. Preston, an Imperial Wizard for the Maryland -based Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, fired
9984-457: The formation of an explicitly white ethnostate . Seeking to distance themselves from the violent, skinhead image of neo-Nazi and KKK groups, several white nationalist ideologues—namely Jared Taylor , Peter Brimelow , and Kevin B. MacDonald —sought to cultivate an image of respectability and intellectualism through which to promote their views. Hawley later termed their ideology "highbrow white nationalism", and noted its particular influence on
10112-427: The group — Robert Rundo, Robert Boman, Tyler Laube and Aaron Eason — were charged with conspiracy to incite political riots in relation to multiple incidents which occurred in southern California and incidents which occurred during the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville. Rundo, described as the founder of the group, fled to Mexico and then to Central America, where he was arrested and extradited back to
10240-845: The group funds its activities is through the sale of online merchandise. On August 27, 2018, charges were filed by the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia , against four members of the group in connection to their actions at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville in 2017. They were arrested by the FBI, and the charges were unsealed and announced on October 2, 2018. The four California men — Benjamin D. Daley, 25, and Thomas W. Gillen, 34, both of Redondo Beach ; Michael P. Miselis, 29, of Lawndale ; and Cole E. White, 34, of Clayton — were charged with
10368-564: The incident, Spencer stated that the salutes were given "in a spirit of irony and exuberance". Later that month, Trump was asked about the alt-right in an interview with The New York Times . He responded: "I don't want to energize the group, and I disavow the group". This rejection angered many alt-rightists. In April 2017, many alt-rightists criticized Trump's order to launch the Shayrat missile strike against Syrian military targets; like many of those who had supported him, they believed he
10496-407: The journalist Chava Gourarie labelled it a "rag-tag coalition" operating as a "diffuse online subculture" that had "an inclination for vicious online trolling, with some roots in fringe-right ideologies". In The New York Times , journalists Aishvarya Kavi and Alan Feuer defined the alt-right as "a loosely affiliated collection of racists , misogynists and Islamophobes that rose to prominence around
10624-506: The lake with other tribes. The Chowigna were relocated to missions in 1854, when Manuel Dominguez sold 215 acres (87 ha) of Rancho San Pedro , including the lake, to Henry Allanson and William Johnson for the Pacific Salt Works. The city's residents and political leaders have long advocated to retire an aging waterfront power plant and allow it to be restored to its natural wetland state, rather than converted into
10752-489: The law regardless of creed, gender, ethnic origin or race. — The Associated Press Hermansson et al defined the alt-right as "a far right, anti-globalist grouping" that operated "primarily online though with offline outlets". They noted that its "core belief is that ' white identity ' is under attack from pro-multicultural and liberal elites, and so-called ' social justice warriors ' (SJWs), who allegedly use 'political correctness' to undermine Western civilisation and
10880-558: The movement through their interest in Trump. Tait observed that "Trump's own political inclinations coincided with some of the alt-right's positions on issues like immigration and opposition to globalism.", giving extreme right-wing thinkers "a hard currency they had lacked for decades." However, Tait argued that the press "overstate[d] the connection" between Trump and the alt-right because doing otherwise "required serious reporting and uncomfortable introspection to understand." Ideologically,
11008-507: The national conversation rightward, and that he had shown that it was possible to challenge the mainstream conservative movement from the right. Griffin called on alt-rightists to "join the Trump campaign... to take down the hated cuckservative establishment". A small minority of alt-rightists were against supporting Trump; The Right Stuff contributor " Auschwitz Soccer Ref " complained that two of Trump's children had married Jews. A keen Twitter user, in November 2015, Trump retweeted
11136-473: The other Rise Above members who had done so earlier. Three of the four were sentenced on July 19: Daley to 37 months, Gillen to 33 months, and Miselis to 27 months. Cole White was to be sentenced at a later date. In August 2020, the unanimous United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit upheld the convictions of Daley and Miselis because, it found, any unconstitutionally overbroad elements of
11264-675: The others were indicted by a grand jury of one count each of violating the Anti-Riot Act of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 . In June 2019, U.S. District Judge Cormac Carney dismissed the indictment because, he held, the Anti-Riot Act is "unconstitutionally overbred in violation of the First Amendment". In March 2021, that judgment was reversed by a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for
11392-419: The perceived culture war being waged by leftists. Through their shared opposition to political correctness, feminism, and multiculturalism, chan culture built a link to the alt-right. Political commentator Milo Yiannopoulos first rose to prominence through his reporting on gamergate for Breitbart News . By 2015, the alt-right had gained significant momentum as an online movement. Notable promoters of
11520-470: The perceived failure of the war on terror led by neoconservatives , the Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage and undermined social conservatism , the 2008 Great Recession that undermined conservatives' support of the free market, and men with certain beliefs about gender roles "feeling traditionally male spaces were being eroded." and facing competition in
11648-449: The political landscape." Groups like the terrorist group Atomwaffen Division grew after the Unite the Right rally, recruiting those radicalized by its failure. New groups were also former in the aftermath, like Patriot Front that split from Vanguard America . The accelerationist tome Siege spread rapidly in the post-Unite the Right landscape as radicalized alt-right adherents pushed one another to commit violence and "read Siege"
11776-651: The population) lived in households, 367 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 64 (0.1%) were institutionalized. There were 29,011 households, out of which 7,825 (27.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,507 (43.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,515 (8.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,207 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,904 (6.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 179 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 9,252 households (31.9%) were made up of individuals, and 2,145 (7.4%) had someone living alone who
11904-421: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29,521 people (44.2%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Redondo Beach had a median household income of $ 99,496, with 5.4% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 63,261 people, 28,566 households, and 15,254 families residing in the city. The population density
12032-408: The population. There were 28,566 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and
12160-619: The public eye. Many Trump supporters adopted the moniker of "deplorables", and the term was widely used on memes that the alt-right promoted online. In September, Spencer, Taylor, and Peter Brimelow held a press conference in Washington DC to explain their goals. When Trump won the election in November, the alt-right's response was generally triumphalist and self-congratulatory. Anglin stated: "Make no mistake about it: we did this. If it were not for us, it wouldn't have been possible"; Spencer tweeted that "The Alt-Right has been declared
12288-487: The racist or antisemitic third rails of the American right." Second, Tait noted that "The key characteristics of the intellectual alt-right were the rejection of liberal democracy and core aspects of the American political tradition, racialism, and the constitution of a white ethnostate ." Third, Tait noted "a nihilistic undercurrent to the alt-right." with "a secular outlook that imputed a meaninglessness to life—at least under present circumstances. This attitude came forth in
12416-500: The rights of white males". The anti-fascist researcher Matthew N. Lyons defined the alt-right as "a loosely organized far-right movement that shares a contempt for both liberal multiculturalism and mainstream conservatism; a belief that some people are inherently superior to others; a strong Internet presence and embrace of specific elements of online culture; and a self-presentation as being new, hip, and irreverent". Historian Joshua Tait said that "In its first and most direct meaning,
12544-475: The rise of the Tea Party movement and Mitt Romney 's 2012 presidential campaign , there were "cultural and economic shifts that created the conditions for a parallel shift in right-wing politics.", including changing demographics , the rise of the Internet and social media giving a significant platform to more extreme right-wing voices that were previously marginalized by "responsible conservative gatekeepers",
12672-694: The singular designated high school placed in South Redondo Beach. The Redondo Beach Educational Foundation was founded in 1992 and revitalized in 2008. Residents of Redondo Beach were in South Bay Union High School District until 1993, when it dissolved. Valor Christian Academy (formerly Coast Christian School) is in Redondo Beach. The United States Postal Service operates the Redondo Beach Post Office at 1201 North Catalina Avenue,
12800-422: The tendency among some of its political opponents to apply the term "alt-right" liberally to a broad range of right-wing groups and viewpoints. As the alt-right rose to wider awareness around 2016, media sources struggled to understand it; some commentators applied the term as a catch-all for anyone they deemed far-right. The scholars Patrik Hermansson, David Lawrence, Joe Mulhall, and Simon Murdoch noted that in
12928-409: The term "alt-right" is merely a rebranding of white supremacism. The term "alt-right" is an abbreviation of "alternative right". A distinct far-right movement arising in the 2010s, it both drew on older far-right ideas, and displayed novelties. Efforts to define the alt-right have been complicated by the contradictory ways in which self-described "alt-rightists" have defined the movement, and by
13056-606: The term "alternative right" for the lecture's title, although Gottfried maintained that they were its joint creators. As "alternative right" became associated increasingly with white nationalism in subsequent years, Gottfried distanced himself from it. After The American Conservative fired Spencer, in 2008 he became managing director of Taki Theodoracopulos 's right-wing website Taki's Magazine . The website initially contained contributions largely from paleoconservatives and right-libertarians, but under Spencer also gave space to white nationalists like Taylor. In 2009, Spencer used
13184-491: The term "alternative right" in the title of an article by white nationalist Kevin DeAnna . By 2010, Spencer had moved fully from paleoconservatism to white nationalism, although various later press sources instead called him a white supremacist. Leaving Taki's Magazine , in March 2010, Spencer launched The Alternative Right webzine . Early issues featured articles by white nationalists like Taylor and MacDonald as well as
13312-481: The time of Mr. Trump's first campaign." BBC journalist Mike Wendling termed it "an incredibly loose set of ideologies held together by what they oppose: feminism, Islam, the Black Lives Matter movement, political correctness , a fuzzy idea they call 'globalism,' and establishment politics of both the left and the right". PCMag defines the alt-right as "An ultra-conservative movement in the U.S. that
13440-540: The top employers in the city are: Redondo Beach's City Council elections are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in March of odd-numbered years after the City Attorney notified California's Secretary of State of not moving both its City Council and Board of Education elections to a statewide primary or general election starting in 2018. The elections are all-mail instead of in-person. The current mayor and council members are: The City of Redondo Beach
13568-518: The transformation of the lot of an aging waterfront power plant into a village-style complex of 2,700 residential units (including 540 affordable units) and commercial space. The mayor of Redondo Beach, Bill Brand, became mayor after spearheading an effort to block housing on the lot. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16 km ), over 99% of it land. Redondo Beach
13696-490: The use of flash demonstrations, returning to Charlottesville with a much smaller group for an unannounced protest in October. Unite the Right exacerbated tensions between the alt-right and the alt-lite; Breitbart distanced itself from the alt-right, as did Yiannopoulos, who insisted he had "nothing in common" with Spencer. The alt-right significantly declined in 2017 and 2018. This happened for multiple reasons, including
13824-544: The video game industry. Members of gamergate claimed to promote ethics in video games journalism. According to the journalist David Neiwert , Gamergate "heralded the rise of the alt-right and provided an early sketch of its primary features: an Internet presence beset by digital trolls, unbridled conspiracism, angry-white-male-identity victimization culture, and, ultimately, open racism, antisemitism, ethnic hatred, misogyny, and sexual and gender paranoia". Gamergate politicized many young people, especially males, in opposition to
13952-534: The warmest months are July through September. Redondo Beach has mild temperatures year round due to its coastal location. The city is affluent and predominantly white. The 2020 census found that greater than 50% of Redondo Beach’s residents are white, nearly double the rate of the greater Los Angeles area. Redondo Beach, like its neighboring beach towns, has become one of the most exclusionary cities in Los Angeles by limiting housing production, resulting in
14080-460: The white race in the United States in addition to, or over, other traditional conservative positions such as limited government, low taxes and strict law-and-order. The movement has been described as a mix of racism, white nationalism and populism ... criticizes 'multiculturalism' and more rights for non-whites, women, Jews, Muslims, gays, immigrants and other minorities. Its members reject the American democratic ideal that all should have equality under
14208-496: The winner... We're the establishment now". Alt-rightists were generally supportive of Trump's decision to appoint Bannon his chief strategist, and Jeff Sessions his attorney general . While aware that Trump would not pursue a white nationalist agenda, the alt-right hoped to pull him further to the right, taking hardline positions that made him look more moderate, and thus shifting mainstream discourse rightward. Wendling suggested that Trump's election signaled "the beginning of
14336-643: The writers Allum Bokhari and Yiannopoulos published an article in Breitbart discussing the alt-right. They downplayed its most extreme elements and championed its counter-cultural value. Bokhari and Yiannopoulos' piece was subsequently widely cited in the mainstream press, with Hawley describing it as "the most sympathetic portrayal of the movement to appear in a major media venue to date". Many alt-rightists responded negatively to Bokhari and Yiannopoulos' article; The Daily Stormer referred to it as "the Product of
14464-510: The “Official Bird of Redondo Beach.” In 2022, the Redondo Beach government (along with the governments of Torrance , Carson , and Whittier ) sued the California state government, seeking to block the California HOME Act (SB 9), which permits the construction of duplexes and fourplexes on lots. Redondo Beach mayor Bill Brand has argued that there is no housing crisis in Redondo Beach . In 2023, Redondo Beach sued to prevent
14592-631: Was "really proud" of the president for those comments. Amid criticism of his comments, Trump added his view that "racism is evil" and that "those who cause violence in its name are criminals and thugs". Various alt-rightists who attended the rally experienced personal and legal repercussions for their involvement; one attendee, the U.S. Marine Vasillios Pistolis, was for instance court-martialled. Internet service providers and social media websites subsequently terminated many alt-right accounts and sites. Prominent figures like Spencer became reticent about organizing further public protests. He experimented with
14720-399: Was $ 93,274, and the median income for a family was $ 108,753. Males had a median income of $ 56,796 versus $ 45,204 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 38,305. About 4.0% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over. According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,
14848-429: Was 10,065.4 inhabitants per square mile (3,886.3/km ). There were 29,543 housing units at an average density of 4,700.6 units per square mile (1,814.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.6% White , 9.1% Asian , 2.5% African American , 0.5% Native American , 0.4% Pacific Islander , 4.4% from other races , and 4.6, % from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 13.5% of
14976-423: Was 39.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males. There were 30,609 housing units at an average density of 4,930.2 units per square mile (1,903.6 units/km ), of which 14,917 (51.4%) were owner-occupied, and 14,094 (48.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 36,796 people (55.1% of
15104-403: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29. There were 16,229 families (55.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.94. Redondo Beach had 12,887 people (19.3%) under the age of 18, 4,198 people (6.3%) aged 18 to 24, 23,149 people (34.7%) aged 25 to 44, 19,532 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,982 people (10.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
15232-481: Was arrested for the battery of his wife and father-in-law, resulting in the dissolution of his Traditionalist Workers Party, while Anglin went into hiding to avoid a harassment lawsuit, and Spencer canceled his speaking tour. Writing for The Guardian , Jason Wilson stated that "the alt-right looks like it is crumbling". Tait stated that after the Unite the Right rally, "it was clear that the alt-right brand had been oversaturated, diluted, and damaged.", but added that
15360-408: Was established in the 1920s. The Police Department consists of 90 sworn members (officers) plus 57 non-sworn members. The first library in Redondo Beach began as a reading room in 1895. The first five-member Library Commission for the city was formed in November 1908. The library moved into the then City Hall's west wing in 1909 and eventually filled the entire west wing at 301 Emerald Street. In 1928
15488-404: Was frequently targeted by the dissident right, led by Nick Fuentes , who consider some groups to be not sufficiently conservative on issues of race and ethnicity, immigration, and LGBTQ rights. According to Tait, "Leading figures associated with the alt-right have disappeared into obscurity, self-immolated, and reinvented themselves as centrists. Meanwhile, the ideology's ideas have diffused across
15616-625: Was going back on his promise of a more non-interventionist foreign policy in the Middle East. Hawley noted that the alt-right's influence on the Trump administration was "negligible". However, press sources alleged that several appointments within the Trump administration were linked to the alt-right, including Senior Advisor to the President Stephen Miller , National Security Advisor Michael Flynn , Deputy Assistant to
15744-548: Was hostile to mainstream conservatism. Although much of Breitbart 's coverage fed into racially charged narratives, it did not promote white nationalism, differing from the mainstream conservative press more in tone than in content. Alt-rightists termed Breitbart " alt-lite "; this term appeared in the alt-right's language in mid-2016, used pejoratively for rightists who shared their contempt for mainstream conservatism but not their white nationalism. In July 2016, Bannon claimed that Breitbart had become "the platform for
15872-447: Was not white nationalist, deeming the latter insufficiently elitist. According to Dean, in the 1990s, there were "alt-right" Usenet groups that consisted of fringe libertarians, anarcho-capitalists , and fans of American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand , who advocated for the abolition of the state in favor of private property and markets. According to Winter, during the 1990s and early 2000s, "the American far-right did not harness
16000-491: Was originally inhabited by the Tongva tribe of Native Americans. Archeological work in the nearby Chowigna excavation show evidence of inhabitants as far back as 7,100 years ago. The Chowigna band of Tongva used the site of today's Hopkins Wilderness Park in Redondo Beach, (formerly Nike missile site LA-57 from 1956 to 1963,) as a lookout place. The wetlands located at the site of the retired AES power plant in Redondo Beach were
16128-408: Was originally part of the 1784 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant of the 43,000-acre (170 km ) Dominguez Rancho that later became the ten-mile (16 km) ocean frontage of Rancho Sausal Redondo . Redondo Beach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csb ) with mild winters and warm, almost rainless summers. The coldest months are December through March, and
16256-598: Was posted on /pol/ over 5,500 times between 2017 and 2022. Redondo Beach, California Redondo Beach (Spanish for ' round ' ) is a coastal city in Los Angeles County, California , United States, located in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles area. It is one of three adjacent beach cities along the southern portion of Santa Monica Bay . The population was 71,576 at
16384-502: Was their champion. In August 2016, Trump appointed Bannon to lead his election campaign. This was swiftly condemned in a Reno, Nevada speech given by the Democratic Party's nominee for the presidency, Hillary Clinton . She highlighted Bannon's claim that Breitbart was "the platform for the alt-right", describing the movement as "an emerging racist ideology" and warning that "a fringe element has effectively taken over
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