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78-645: The Rufiji river is approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Dar es Salaam . The river's delta contains the largest mangrove forest in eastern Africa. A branch of ancient sea routes led down the East African coast called "Azania" by the Greeks and Romans in the 1st century CE as described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (and, very probably, Chinese : 澤散 in the 3rd century by

156-532: A "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Dar es Salaam in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Barquisimeto in Venezuela . The annual temperature and temperatures of the warmest month would increase by 1.3 °C (2.3 °F), while the temperature of the coldest month would go down by 0.1 °C (0.18 °F). According to Climate Action Tracker ,

234-494: A British force, which was more than eight times larger. Lettow-Vorbeck's guerrilla warfare compelled Britain to commit significant resources to a minor colonial theatre throughout the war and inflicted more than 10,000 casualties. Eventually, the weight of numbers, especially after forces coming from the Belgian Congo had attacked from the west ( Battle of Tabora ), and dwindling supplies forced Lettow-Vorbeck to abandon

312-421: A famine to crush the resistance. It may have cost as many 300,000 lives. Scandal followed with allegations of corruption and brutality. In 1907, Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow appointed Bernhard Dernburg to reform the colonial administration. German colonial administrators relied heavily on native chiefs to keep order and collect taxes. By 1 January 1914, not including local police, the military garrisons of

390-651: A large African workforce, but employment conditions were often poor, not to say life-threatening. Local German officials frequently colluded with European landowners in forcing Africans to work on the plantations, although the government in Berlin had banned any form of forced labour. The various labour ordinances promulgated in Dar es Salaam were largely ignored in the interior. The social and economic impacts of large-scale labour migration on "labour reservoirs" such as Unyamwezi and Usukuma were often devastating. Beginning in 1888

468-502: A makeshift British and Belgian flotilla and the Reichsheer garrison at Bismarckburg (modern-day Kasanga ). The Supreme Council of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference awarded all of German East Africa (GEA) to Britain on 7 May 1919, over the strenuous objections of Belgium. The British colonial secretary , Alfred Milner , and Belgium's minister plenipotentiary to the conference, Pierre Orts  [ fr ] , then negotiated

546-471: A metro bus system, Dar es Salaam bus rapid transit ( mwendo kasi in Kiswahili). The metro buses are managed by UDA-RT, a partnership between Usafiri Dar es Salaam (UDA) and the government. The bus rapid-transit system Phase 1 has been completed by UDA-RT and began operation on 10 May 2016. The first section runs between Kimara in the northwest to Kivukoni on the northern headland of the harbour. Phase 1

624-589: A rate lower than any other region in the country. The literacy rate in the city was 96%, while the national average was 78%. Between the 2002 and 2012 censuses, the city's 5.6% average annual growth rate was the highest in the country. More than three-quarters of the city's population live in informal settlements . In 2018, Dar es Salaam scored 0.631 (medium category) on the Human Development Index (HDI). The city's HDI has increased every year since 1992, and it ranked higher than any other region in

702-658: A small region later incorporated into Mozambique . GEA's area was 994,996 km (384,170 sq mi), which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time. The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company . It ended with Imperial Germany 's defeat in World War I . Ultimately

780-467: A while, such as "Udjidji" for Ujiji and "Kilimandscharo" for Mount Kilimanjaro , "Kleinaruscha" for Arusha-Chini and "Neu-Moschi" for the city now known as Moshi . ( Kigoma was known for a time as "Rutschugi".) Many places were given African names or had their previous names reestablished: The Imperial High Commissioners ( German : Reichskommissar ) and Imperial Governors ( German : Kaiserlicher Gouverneur ) of German East Africa: In 1914,

858-608: Is a Hindu temple like Shree Shankarashram temple, Shree Sanatan Dharma Sabha temple, Swaminarayan temple. Muslims make up 70% of the population in Dar es Salaam. German East Africa German East Africa ( GEA ; German : Deutsch-Ostafrika ) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi , Rwanda , the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle ,

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936-502: Is a cultural centre, workshop and retail outlet dedicated to Tanzanian art, showcasing and promoting Tanzanian craftsmanship. Prominent Tanzanian sculptor George Lilanga has donated some of his works to the centre, including decorations of the building's main entrance. The music scene in Dar es Salaam is divided among several styles. The longest-standing style is live dance music ( muziki wa dansi ) played by bands such as DDC Mlimani Park Orchestra and Malaika Musical Band. Taarab , which

1014-544: Is a new railway station currently under construction. It will link the country to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Congo. The Julius Nyerere International Airport is the principal airport serving the country, with three operating terminals. Terminal Three is located at Kipawa in Ilala Municipality. The airport is located west of Dar es Salaam's central business district. The Tingatinga painting style originates from Dar es Salaam. The Nyumba ya sanaa ("House of Art")

1092-616: Is characterised with a lot of potential social and economic centres such as industries i.e. Urafiki textile industry, bus station and various institutes and universities such as National Institute of Transport(NIT) Kigamboni (also known as South Beach), a beachfront suburb on a peninsula, is home to an economically diverse population. Access to the suburb is mainly by ferry, although the Kigamboni Bridge provides an alternative. Dar es Salaam experiences tropical climatic conditions, typified by hot and humid weather throughout much of

1170-484: Is divided into five administrative districts, four of which are governed by municipal councils that are affiliated with the city's suburbs or wards. Kinondoni is the most populated of the districts. It houses half of the city's population and several high-income suburbs. The administrative district of Ilala contains almost all government offices, ministries, and the Central Business District. It

1248-640: Is prominent for entrepot trade with landlocked countries like Rwanda , Burundi , Zambia , and the eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The city's skyline features tall buildings, among them the 35-storey PSPF Tower (finished in 2015) and the Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) Tower, the tallest in the country (completed in 2016). A number of historical buildings and elements of urban planning, such as parts of

1326-648: Is the largest city in East Africa by population and the sixth-largest in Africa . Located on the Swahili coast , Dar es Salaam is an important economic center and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. The town was founded by Majid bin Said , the first Sultan of Zanzibar , in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa , Tanganyika , and Tanzania. The decision

1404-466: Is the most populous city in Tanzania and the fifth most populous in Africa. In 2020, the population was estimated to be 7.3 million. When the 2012 national census was taken, the city had a population of 4,364,541, about ten percent of the country's total. The average private household size was 3.9 persons compared to the national average of 4.7. Less than half of the city's residents were married, with

1482-550: Is the transportation hub of the city, as the Julius Nyerere International Airport , Central Railway Station and Tazara Railway Station are all within the district's boundaries. The residential areas are mainly middle- to high-income, among them: Temeke is the main industrial district of the city, where manufacturing (both heavy and light industry) is located. To the east is the Port of Dar es Salaam,

1560-559: Is undergoing major construction and development. The 35-storey PSPF Twin Towers are the second tallest building in the city and the country. The city has major infrastructural challenges, including an outdated transport system and occasional power rationing. The Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) is the country's first stock market. The headquarters of the Natural Gas Revenue Fund is also here. Dar es Salaam hosts

1638-581: The Schutztruppen (protective troops) in Dar es Salaam, Moshi , Iringa , and Mahenge numbered 110 German officers (including 42 medical officers), 126 non-commissioned officers, and 2,472 Askari (native enlisted men). Germans promoted commerce and economic growth. Over 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) were put under sisal cultivation which was the largest cash crop. Two million coffee trees were planted, rubber trees grew on 200,000 acres (81,000 ha), and there were large cotton plantations. In

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1716-584: The Azania Front Lutheran Church , built between 1899 and 1902, and the Roman Catholic St. Joseph's Cathedral , constructed around the same period, Ocean Road Hospital also belongs to a number of early historical buildings in Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam is located at 6°48' S, 39°17' E (−6.8000, 39.2833), on a natural harbour on the coast of East Africa, with sandy beaches in some areas. Dar es Salaam Region

1794-535: The Central Line from Dar es Salaam west to Kigoma . The city also hosts the head office of Tanzania–Zambia Railways Authority (TAZARA) built in the late 1960s to early 1970s. The main terminal is located west of Dar es Salaam's central business district in north Yombo Vituka along the Nelson Mandela Road. The TAZARA Railway connects Dar es Salaam to Zambia. Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway

1872-702: The Kisutu , Kivukoni , Upanga and Kariakoo areas. The downtown area is located in the Ilala district. Kivukoni is home to the Tanzania Central Bank, The Bank of Tanzania , the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange and the city's important Magogoni fish market. With businesses and offices, Kisutu is the location of Dar es Salaam central railway station, the PSPF Towers, and the TPA Tower. Dar es Salaam

1950-735: The Mlimani City shopping mall, the City Mall in the Kisutu area, Quality Center Mall, GSM Pugu Shopping Mall, GSM Msasani Mall, and Dar Free Market Mall. On a natural harbour on the Indian Ocean, Dar es Salaam is one of the hubs of the Tanzanian transportation system , as the main railways and several highways originate in or near the city to provide convenient transportation for commuters. Public minibus share taxis ( dala dala ) are

2028-498: The People's Republic of Zanzibar merged to form Tanzania in 1964. In 1973, provisions were made to relocate the capital to Dodoma , a more centrally located city in the interior. The relocation process to Dodoma was completed, although Dar es Salaam continued to be the location of most government offices. In 1967, the Tanzanian government declared the ujamaa policy, which made Tanzania lean towards socialism . The move hampered

2106-702: The Usambara Railway was built from Tanga to Moshi to bring these agricultural products to market. The Central Railroad covered 775 mi (1,247 km) and linked Dar es Salaam, Morogoro , Tabora , and Kigoma . The final link to the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika was completed in July 1914 and was cause for a huge and festive celebration in the capital with an agricultural fair and trade exhibition. Harbor facilities were built or improved with electrical cranes, with rail access and warehouses. Wharves were remodeled at Tanga, Bagamoyo, and Lindi . After 1891,

2184-500: The "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$ 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$ 206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$ 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures. In his 1979 journal A Modern History of Tanganyika , historian John Iliffe wrote, "In 1949

2262-472: The 1970s, the Ministry of National Youth Culture aimed to create a national culture stressing the importance of music. Dar es Salaam became the music center in Tanzania, with the local radio showcasing new bands and dominating the music and cultural scene. With this ujamaa (family) mentality governing culture and music, a unified people's culture was created, leading to the rise of hip hop culture. Throughout

2340-737: The Anglo-Belgian agreement of 30 May 1919 where Britain ceded the north-western GEA districts of Ruanda and Urundi to Belgium. The conference's Commission on Mandates ratified this agreement on 16 July 1919. The Supreme Council accepted the agreement on 7 August 1919. On 12 July 1919, the Commission on Mandates agreed that the small Kionga Triangle south of the Rovuma River would be given to Portugal ; it eventually became part of independent Mozambique . The commission reasoned that Germany had virtually forced Portugal to cede

2418-731: The Chinese), at least as far as the port known to the Romans as Rhapta , which was probably located in the delta of the Rufiji River in modern Tanzania . During the First World War , from October 1914 to July 1915, the river delta was the scene of a protracted naval operation . These were the attempts, and later achievement, by the Royal Navy to neutralize and destroy the German cruiser Königsberg . The catchment basin for

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2496-629: The German Empire, there were more than 7.5 million locals. About 30% were Muslim and the remainder belonged to various tribal beliefs or Christian converts, compared to around 10,000 Europeans, who resided mainly in coastal locations and official residences. In 1913, only 882 German farmers and planters lived in the colony. Approximately 70,000 Africans worked on the plantations of GEA. General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck had served in German South West Africa and Kamerun . He led

2574-410: The German colonial administration undertook efforts to overhaul the region's caravan routes, which had existed before European colonisation, into all-weather highways, although most of these projects proved to be unsuccessful and ended in failure. In 1912, Dar es Salaam and Tanga received 356 freighters and passenger steamers and over 1,000 coastal ships and local trading-vessels. Dar es Salaam became

2652-564: The German forces in GEA during World War I. His military force consisted of 3,500 Europeans and 12,000 native Askaris and porters. The war strategy was to harry the British army of 40,000, which was at times commanded by the former Second Boer War commander Jan Smuts . One of Lettow-Vorbeck's greatest victories was at the Battle of Tanga (3–5 November 1914). In the battle, the German forces defeated

2730-524: The Germans did not act to prevent them. In 1914 the Germans contemplated to ban slavery, but ultimately did not, since they did not consider it financially possible to compensate their owners. Germany developed an educational program for Africans that included elementary, secondary, and vocational schools. "Instructor qualifications, curricula, textbooks, teaching materials, all met standards unmatched anywhere in tropical Africa." In 1924, ten years after

2808-412: The Rufiji River complex is 177,429 square kilometres (68,506 sq mi). Tanzania president John Magufuli has approved the construction of a controversial new dam and power station on the river at Stiegler's Gorge. The power station is expected to provide 2,100 megawatts of electricity, more than triple Tanzania's existing installed hydropower capacity which is only 562 megawatts. Construction of

2886-564: The Sultan's palace. The Sultan was forced to accept the German claims on the mainland outside a 10-mile-strip along the coast. In November 1886 Germany and Britain reached an agreement declaring they would respect the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar over his islands and the 10-mile-strip along the coast. They otherwise agreed on their spheres of interest along what is now the Tanzanian–Kenyan border. The British and Germans agreed to divide

2964-471: The beginning of the First World War and six years into British rule, the visiting American Phelps-Stokes Commission reported, "In regards to schools, the Germans have accomplished marvels. Some time must elapse before education attains the standard it had reached under the Germans." The Swahili word for school, shule , is derived from the German word Schule . In the most populous colony of

3042-641: The city centre. The city's population also included a large number of workers from British India , many of whom came to take advantage of trade and commercial opportunities. After World War II, Dar es Salaam experienced a period of rapid growth. Political developments, including the formation and growth of the Tanganyika African National Union , led to Tanganyika's independence from colonial rule in December 1961. Dar es Salaam continued to serve as its capital, even when Tanganyika and

3120-533: The city with the monitor Mersey on 21 July 1916 and battleship HMS  Vengeance on 21 August. The German colonial authorities surrendered the city on 3 September. German East Africa became the British Tanganyika Territory . Dar es Salaam remained the administrative and commercial centre. Under British indirect rule , European areas such as Oyster Bay and African areas (e.g., Kariakoo and Ilala ) developed separately from

3198-480: The city's central business district. Due to a huge influx of cargo and the slow pace of expansion, a new cargo port 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Dar es Salaam is proposed at Bagamoyo . MV Kigamboni ferries run between southeast of Kivukoni and northwest of Kigamboni in Dar es Salaam. Travel to urban and suburban parts of the city is provided by the Dar es Salaam commuter rail . Tanzania Railways operates

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3276-421: The colony. He withdrew south into Portuguese Mozambique and then into Northern Rhodesia , where he agreed to a ceasefire after he had received news of the armistice between the warring nations three days earlier. Currency had to be printed locally due to a significant lack of provisions resulting from the naval blockade. After the war, Lettow-Vorbeck was acclaimed as one of Germany's heroes. His Schutztruppe

3354-434: The country except for one. Dar es Salaam is the second-fastest-growing city in the world and could have a population as high as 12.9 million by 2030. The population was estimated at 20,000 in 1900, 93,000 in 1957 and 273,000 in 1967. Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most important city for both business and government. The city contains high concentrations of trade and other services and manufacturing compared to other parts of

3432-600: The country, which has about 65 percent of its population in rural areas. Downtown includes small businesses, many of which are run by traders and proprietors whose families originated in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent—areas of the world with which the settlements of the Tanzanian coast have had long-standing trading relations. The Dar es Salaam Central Business District is the largest in Tanzania and comprises

3510-410: The current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Moreover, according to the 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , Dar es Salaam is one of 12 major African cities ( Abidjan , Alexandria , Algiers , Cape Town , Casablanca , Dakar , Dar es Salaam, Durban , Lagos , Lomé , Luanda and Maputo ) which would be the most severely affected by

3588-449: The dam started on July 26, 2019, and it is expected be ready by 2022. Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam ( / ˌ d ɑːr ɛ s s ə ˈ l ɑː m / ; from Arabic : دَار السَّلَام , romanized :  Dār as-Salām , lit.   'Abode of Peace') is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania . It is also the capital of the Dar es Salaam Region . With a population of over nine million people, Dar es Salaam

3666-426: The early years of the colony, hunting and gathering remained the basis of the export economy, and ivory and wild rubber were major exports. The African-owned plantations along the coast, on the other hand, suffered from the gradual abolition of slavery. The number of European-owned plantations rose steadily, but many of them proved unprofitable. Global markets for commodities like coffee and rubber were very unstable, and

3744-426: The economic development of the colony, Rainer Tetzlaff came to the conclusion that "German East Africa never achieved any real significance for the German Empire, neither as a colony for the settlement of emigrants, nor as a supplier of raw materials, nor as a market for exports." One of the great impediments to the development of plantation agriculture was the labour problem. The plantations could not function without

3822-645: The first gold mines in the colony, the Sekenke Gold Mine , which began operation in 1909 after the finding of gold there in 1907. In German Tanganyika slavery was gradually phased out. New enslavement and commercial slave trade was banned in 1901, but private slave sales were not banned, and thousands of slaves, mostly women, were sold in 1911-1914; all slaves born after 1905 were born free; slaves who had been subjected to abuse were freed; slaves were permitted to ransom and buy their freedom, and thousand of slaves bought their freedom or left their enslavers when

3900-413: The future sea level rise . It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of US$ 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and US$ 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from marine ice sheet instability at high levels of warming would involve up to US$ 137.5 billion in damages, while the additional accounting for

3978-500: The harbour and streets going back to colonial times, still exist. The Old Boma , one of the city's oldest buildings, was built in 1866–67 by Majid bin Said , sultan of Zanzibar , and enlarged under German rule. The Botanical Gardens now are close to the National Museum of Tanzania . The present-day State House goes back to Majid bin Said, and were the seat of the German and later the British colonial governments. Along with

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4056-538: The history of Tanzania; most notably, it exhibits some of the bones of Paranthropus boisei that were among the findings of Louis Leakey at Olduvai . In 2016, there was a breakthrough discovery in Northern Tanzania by a scientist, from the University of Dar es Salaam, of footprints thought to be of a hominid that predates Homo sapiens . The Makumbusho Cultural Centre & Village Museum, located in

4134-421: The largest port in the country. Temeke is believed to have the largest concentration of low-income residents due to industry. It is home to military and police officers as well as port officials. The Ubungo terminal serves as a transportation link to most large Dar es Salaam urban nodes. The narrow-gauge commuter rail runs from there to the city centre, with ten level crossings along the route. This district

4212-437: The late 1990s, Dar es Salaam was not regarded in the same echelon as Africa's leading cities like Cairo , Nairobi , Johannesburg , Lagos , or Addis Ababa . During the 2000s, businesses opened and prospered; growth expanded in the construction sector, with new multi-storey buildings, bridges and roads; Tanzanian banks headquartered in the city became better regulated ; and the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange expanded. The port

4290-696: The mainland between themselves, and the Sultan had no option but to agree. German rule was established quickly over Bagamoyo , Dar es Salaam , and Kilwa . Oscar Baumann was sent to explore Masailand and Urundi. During his expedition he discovered the source of the Kagera river, the Alexandra Nile. The caravans of Tom von Prince , Wilhelm Langheld, Emin Pasha , and Charles Stokes were sent to dominate "the Street of Caravans". The Abushiri Revolt of 1888

4368-481: The most common form of transport in Dar es Salaam and are often found at the major bus terminals of Makumbusho , Ubungo and other areas of the city. However, since the introduction of the motorcycle transit business known as "bodaboda", most people prefer it, allowing them to get into the city faster as compared with the minibuses, which encounter heavy traffic. Other types of transport include motorcycles and bajaj (auto rickshaws). The government has been introducing

4446-585: The outskirts of the city on the road to Bagamoyo, showcases traditional huts from 16 different Tanzanian ethnic groups. There are also examples of traditional cultivation, as well as daily traditional music and dance shows. Close to the National Museum are also the botanical gardens , with tropical plants and trees. There are beaches on the Msasani peninsula north of Dar es Salaam and in Kigamboni to

4524-520: The potential growth of the city as the government encouraged people not to move into cities and instead remain in Ujamaa socialist villages. By the 1980s, the policy failed to combat the increasing poverty and hunger that Tanzania faced, and had delayed necessary development. This situation led to the liberalization policy of the 1980s that essentially ended socialism and silenced its proponents within Tanzania's government through political repression. Until

4602-512: The production of new "recruits", regulating the existing business of slavery. The colony began when Carl Peters , an adventurer and the founder of the Society for German Colonization , signed treaties with several native chieftains on the mainland which is opposite Zanzibar . On 3 March 1885, the German government announced that it had granted an imperial charter, which was signed by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck on 27 February 1885. The charter

4680-407: The showcase city of all of tropical Africa. By 1914, Dar es Salaam and the surrounding province had a population of 166,000, among them 1,000 (0.6%) Germans. In all of the GEA, there were 3,579 Germans. Gold mining in Tanzania in modern times dates back to the German colonial period, beginning with gold discoveries near Lake Victoria in 1894. The Kironda-Goldminen-Gesellschaft established one of

4758-435: The soil and climate were not always favourable to the grower. It was only in sisal that the large plantations finally found a reliable source of income. Under the governorship of Albrecht von Rechenberg , from 1906 to 1912, the colonial administration began to place more emphasis on the economic potential of African small-holder agriculture, for which railway construction was an essential precondition. In his detailed study of

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4836-590: The south. Bongoyo Island can be reached by boat from the Msasani Slipway. The city is home to several churches and mosques . The churches in the city belong to various denominations; for example, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dar es Salaam ( Catholic Church ), Anglican Church of Tanzania ( Anglican Communion ), Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania ( Lutheran World Federation ), Baptist Convention of Tanzania ( Baptist World Alliance ), Ilala Seventh Day Adventist Church and Assemblies of God . There

4914-591: The south; and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini estuary. In the 19th century, Mzizima ( Swahili for "healthy town") was a coastal fishing village on the periphery of Indian Ocean trade routes . In 1865 or 1866, Sultan Majid bin Said of Zanzibar began building a new city very close to Mzizima and named it Dar es Salaam. The name is commonly translated from Arabic as "abode (home) of peace", from dar ("house"), and es salaam ("of peace"). Dar es Salaam fell into decline after Majid's death in 1870, but

4992-508: The survey of the remaining 300 miles from Kilimanjaro to Lake Victoria. Between 1891 and 1894, the Hehe people which were led by Chief Mkwawa resisted German expansion. They were defeated because rival tribes supported the Germans. After years of guerrilla warfare, Mkwawa was cornered and committed suicide in 1898. The Maji Maji Rebellion occurred in 1905 and was put down by Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen , who ordered measures to create

5070-546: The territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations . Like other colonial powers, the Germans expanded their empire in the Africa Great Lakes region, ostensibly to explore the region's rich resources and its people. Unlike other imperial powers, however they never formally abolished either slavery or the slave trade and preferred instead to curtail

5148-587: The town became a municipality...[with] four honourable nominated Town Councillors who elected a Mayor." According to Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis , published in 2001: "Until June 1996, Dar es Salaam was managed by the Dar es Salaam City Council...the highest policy-making body in the city." As of 2017, Paul Makonda serves as the commissioner of Dar es Salaam Region. Dar es Salaam

5226-468: The triangle in 1894. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, although the treaty did not take effect until 10 January 1920. On that date, the GEA was transferred officially to Britain, Belgium, and Portugal. Also on the same day, " Tanganyika " became the name of the British territory. Some names in German East Africa continued to bear German spellings of the local names for

5304-595: The year due to its proximity to the equator and the warm Indian Ocean. It has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw / As ). Annual rainfall is approximately 1,150 millimetres or 45 inches, and in a normal year there are two rainy seasons: the "long rains" in April and May, and the "short rains" in November and December. A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 ,

5382-483: The years, the radio in Dar es Salaam has played a major role in the dissemination of music, because many people do not have television; cassettes are more common than CDs. Dar es Salaam has two of the five museums that make up the National Museum of Tanzania consortium, namely the National Museum proper and the Makumbusho Cultural Centre & Village Museum. The National Museum is dedicated to

5460-421: Was celebrated as the only colonial German force during World War I that was not defeated in open combat, but it often retreated when it was outnumbered. The Askari colonial troops who had fought in the East African campaign were later given pension payments by the Weimar Republic and West Germany . The SMS Königsberg , a German light cruiser , also fought off the coast of the African Great Lakes region. She

5538-443: Was eventually scuttled in the Rufiji delta in July 1915 after running low on coal and spare parts and was subsequently blockaded and bombarded by the British. The surviving crew stripped out the remaining ship's guns, mounted them on gun carriages, and joined the land forces, which added considerably to their effectiveness. Another smaller campaign was conducted on the shores of southern Lake Tanganyika in 1914 and 1915. It involved

5616-519: Was funded by the World Bank , African Development Bank and the Tanzanian government. Dar es Salaam will have a metro system, currently undergoing a feasibility study conducted by Mota-Engil and Dar Rapid Transit Agency . The Port of Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's busiest, handling 90% of the country's cargo. It is located in the Kurasini administrative ward of Temeke District southeast of

5694-509: Was granted to Peters' company and was intended to establish a protectorate in the African Great Lakes region. Peters then recruited specialists who began exploring south to the Rufiji River and north to Witu , near Lamu on the coast. The Sultan of Zanzibar protested and claimed that he was the ruler of both Zanzibar and the mainland. Chancellor Bismarck sent five warships which arrived on 7 August 1885, training their guns on

5772-411: Was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma which was officially completed in 1996. Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es Salaam Region, one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions , and consists of five districts : Kinondoni in the north; Ilala in the centre; Ubungo and Temeke in

5850-555: Was put down with British help the following year. In 1890, London and Berlin concluded the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty , which gave Heligoland to Germany and decided the border between GEA and the East Africa Protectorate controlled by Britain, although the exact boundaries remained unsurveyed until 1910. The stretch of border between Kenya and Tanganyika , running from the sea to Lake Victoria,

5928-573: Was revived in 1887 when the German East Africa Company established a station there. The town's growth was facilitated by its role as the administrative and commercial centre of German East Africa and industrial expansion following the construction of the Central Railway Line in the early 1900s. In the East African campaign of World War I , British and Empire forces captured German East Africa . The Royal Navy bombarded

6006-658: Was surveyed by two British brothers: Charles Stewart Smith (British Consul at Mombasa) and his younger brother George Edward Smith (an officer and later a general with the Royal Engineers). Stewart Smith had been appointed British Commissioner in 1892 for the delimitation of the Anglo-German Boundary in Africa , and in the same year they both surveyed the 180-mile line from the sea to Mount Kilimanjaro. Twelve years later George Edward Smith returned to complete

6084-525: Was traditionally popular in Zanzibar has also found a niche. However, it remains small compared both to dance music and " Bongo Flava ", a broad category representing the Tanzanian take on hip hop and rhythm and blues that has quickly become the most popular locally produced music. The rap music scene is also present. Traditional music, which locally refers to tribal music, is still performed, but typically only on family-oriented occasions such as weddings. In

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