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49-562: For many years, the series was sponsored by Castrol and HAUGG (a company owned by a race driver, providing car parts like radiators). For 2007, the sponsorship arrangements were changed, putting less emphasis on these two companies. The event is officially styled by the FIA/ DMSB as a Leistungsprüfung 200km ( LP200 , performance test over 200 km). This means that the RCN is not a race for positions among cars that are started at once from

98-669: A cash crop . Castor oil was the preferred lubricant for rotary engines , such as the Gnome engine after that engine's widespread adoption for aviation in Europe in 1909. It was used almost universally in rotary-engined Allied aircraft in World War I . Germany had to make do with inferior ersatz oil for its rotary engines, which resulted in poor reliability. The methanol -fueled, two-cycle, glow-plug engines used for aeromodelling, since their adoption by model airplane hobbyists in

147-582: A confusion between the Ricinus plant that produces it and another plant, the Vitex agnus-castus . An alternative etymology, though, suggests that it was used as a replacement for castoreum . Use of castor oil as a laxative is attested to in the c.  1550 BCE Ebers Papyrus , and it was in use several centuries earlier. Midwifery manuals from the 19th century recommended castor oil and 10 drops of laudanum for relieving "false pains." Castor oil

196-469: A given time similar to a liaison stage in rallying. If the tolerance of +/- 2 seconds is exceeded, each second counts tenfold, so some discipline and precision is required. In wet conditions, these laps can decide the winners, as they can add a significant amount of penalty points to the tally. Since 2012, the final round is the Schwedenkreuz 3h, which unlike the other rounds, is a 3 hour race with

245-518: A grid (like VLN endurance races), but a time trial, with cars being started one by one, about 5 seconds apart. This reduces the risks of collisions, as there is no benefit for a racer to defend their position. Most RCN events are held on the Nürburgring , mainly on the 20.832 km long Nordschleife version, on Saturday afternoon following a Gleichmäßigkeitsprüfung (GLP) run by the same organizing club. One or two additional events are held on

294-484: A job at Vacuum Oil to start a new business selling lubricants for trains and heavy machinery. Eight Vacuum Oil employees joined Wakefield, and the company launched its first lubricant in 1906. In early 20th century, Wakefield Co. developed lubricants especially suited for automobiles and aeroplanes. The brand "Castrol" originated after researchers added measured amounts of castor oil (a vegetable oil derived from castor beans) to their lubricant formulations. By 1960,

343-498: A lubricant in jet , diesel , and racing engines. The viscosity of castor oil at 10 °C is 2,420 centipoise , but it tends to form gums in a short time, so its usefulness is limited to engines that are regularly rebuilt, such as racing engines. Lubricant company Castrol took its name from castor oil. Castor oil has been suggested as a lubricant for bicycle pumps because it does not degrade natural rubber seals. Turkey red oil, also called sulphonated (or sulfated) castor oil,

392-696: A multi-year series sponsorship, between 2014 - 2016 several race events acquired Castrol naming rights including the Castrol Edge Townsville 500 and the Castrol Gold Coast 600 . Castrol was the title sponsor of Team Bray, owned by Australian drag car legend, Victor Bray for 17 years. Castrol was the main sponsor of the Castrol International Rally in Canberra for 11 years between 1976 and 1986. The same

441-479: A part of telecasts of the National Football League for years. In 2011, Castrol's Edge brand became the official motor oil sponsor for the league, renewed until the 2017 season. The Castrol Cricket Index is a dynamic indicator of the overall performance of a cricket team. It is calculated by taking into consideration the batting momentum, the bowling efficiency, the performance of the teams in

490-662: A partnership with Jaguar , this time supporting them in Formula E and also NASCAR Cup Series giants Roush Fenway Racing - Ford since 2020 season due to Ford's commercial relationship with BP plc. Castrol also briefly made an appearance in 1993 with Nissan in the British Touring Car Championship , where Keith O'Dor managed to win the 9th round of the season at Silverstone with his teammate Win Percy taking 2nd. Castrol advertising has been

539-459: A precursor to specialized polymer nylon 11 , and heptanal , a component in fragrances. Breakdown of castor oil in strong base gives 2-octanol , both a fragrance component and a specialized solvent, and the dicarboxylic acid sebacic acid . Hydrogenation of castor oil saturates the alkenes, giving a waxy lubricant. Castor oil may be epoxidized by reacting the OH groups with epichlorohydrin to make

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588-475: A relatively high dielectric constant (4.7), highly refined and dried castor oil is sometimes used as a dielectric fluid within high-performance, high-voltage capacitors . Vegetable oils such as castor oil are typically unattractive alternatives to petroleum -derived lubricants because of their poor oxidative stability. Castor oil has better low-temperature viscosity properties and high-temperature lubrication than most vegetable oils, making it useful as

637-422: A rolling start, and cars racing each other for positions, rather than a time trial. The entry fee is about 400 Euro. As in rallying, a co-driver can be on board, a quite unique possibility to take a passenger within a circuit racing contest. Also, those two drivers can share a drive, which reduces costs for amateurs. Championship points are awarded according to amateur rules, depending on the number of entrants in

686-431: Is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans , the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis . The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm . It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about 90 percent of fatty acids are ricinoleates . Oleic acid and linoleic acid are

735-469: Is a valuable chemical in feedstocks, commanding a higher price than other seed oils. As an example, in July 2007, Indian castor oil sold for about US$ 0.90/kg ($ 0.41/lb), whereas U.S. soybean , sunflower , and canola oils sold for about $ 0.30/kg ($ 0.14/lb). Castor oil has been used orally to relieve constipation or to evacuate the bowel before intestinal surgery. The laxative effect of castor oil

784-490: Is also used in the food industries. In India , Pakistan , and Nepal , food grains are preserved by the application of castor oil. It stops rice , wheat , and pulses from rotting. For example, the legume pigeon pea is commonly available coated in oil for extended storage. Castor oil has been used in cosmetic products included in creams and as a moisturizer . It is often combined with zinc oxide to form an emollient and astringent , zinc and castor oil cream, which

833-442: Is attributed to ricinoleic acid , which is produced by hydrolysis in the small intestine . Use of castor oil for simple constipation is medically discouraged because it may cause violent diarrhea . In the food industry, food-grade castor oil is used in food additives, flavorings, candy (e.g., polyglycerol polyricinoleate in chocolate ), as a mold inhibitor, and in packaging. Polyoxyethylated castor oil (e.g., Kolliphor EL )

882-613: Is commonly used to treat infants for nappy rash . According to the American Cancer Society , "available scientific evidence does not support claims that castor oil on the skin cures cancer or any other disease." There is no high-quality research proving that ingestion of castor oil results in cervical ripening or induction of labor ; there is, however, evidence that taking it causes nausea and diarrhea. A systematic review of "three trials, involving 233 women, found there has not been enough research done to show

931-622: Is made by adding sulfuric acid to vegetable oils, most notably castor oil. It was the first synthetic detergent after ordinary soap . It is used in formulating lubricants , softeners, and dyeing assistants . Castor oil, like currently less expensive vegetable oils, can be used as feedstock in the production of biodiesel . The resulting fuel is superior for cold winters, because of its exceptionally low cloud point and pour point . Initiatives to grow more castor for energy production, in preference to other oil crops, are motivated by social considerations. Tropical subsistence farmers would gain

980-416: Is no data on the potential toxicity of castor oil for nursing mothers. Since children commonly strongly dislike the taste of castor oil, some parents punished children with a dose of it. Physicians recommended against the practice because they did not want medicines associated with punishment. A heavy dose of castor oil could be used as a humiliating punishment for adults. Colonial officials used it in

1029-528: Is reacted with an isocyanate (usually polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate ) and a cement and construction aggregate . This is applied fairly thickly as a slurry, which is self-levelling. This base is usually further coated with other systems to build a resilient floor. Castor oil is not a drying oil , meaning that it has a low reactivity with air compared with oils such as linseed oil and tung oil . However, dehydration of castor oil yields linoleic acids, which do have drying properties. In this process,

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1078-491: Is well known as a source of ricinoleic acid , a monounsaturated , 18-carbon fatty acid . Among fatty acids, ricinoleic acid is unusual in that it has a hydroxyl functional group on the 12th carbon atom. This functional group causes ricinoleic acid (and castor oil) to be more polar than most fats. The chemical reactivity of the alcohol group also allows chemical derivatization that is not possible with most other seed oils. Because of its ricinoleic acid content, castor oil

1127-543: The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology stated that castor oil's physiological effect is poorly understood but "given gastrointestinal symptomatology, a prostaglandin mediation has been suggested but not confirmed." According to Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk (2008), castor oil should not be ingested or used topically by pre-term pregnant women. There

1176-683: The British Raj (India) to deal with recalcitrant servants. Belgian military officials prescribed heavy doses of castor oil in Belgian Congo as a punishment for being too sick to work. Castor oil was also a tool of punishment favored by the Falangist and later Francoist Spain during and following the Spanish Civil War . Its use as a form of gendered violence to repress women was especially prominent. This began during

1225-819: The Ford World Rally Team and M-Sport in the World Rally Championship since 2003, and the Chip Ganassi Racing Ford GT factory team from 2016, to 2019. It has also sponsored Volkswagen Motorsport activities in the Dakar Rally and later the World Rally Championship since 2005. Audi Sport 's activities in rallying and touring car racing have been sponsored by Castrol, as well as its Le Mans Prototypes program since 2011. BMW Motorsport

1274-835: The Gran Turismo series by Polyphony Digital ) and later the Mugen Honda NSX had Castrol sponsorships. In North America, Castrol has been an active sponsor of NHRA drag racing. Castrol sponsored John Force Racing under the GTX brand from 1987 until the end of the 2014 season. Also, the All American Racers had Castrol sponsorship in the CART World Series from 1996 to 1999. In 2014, Castrol sponsored former Indy 500-winning IndyCar team Bryan Herta Autosport , with English rookie Jack Hawksworth behind

1323-406: The humiliation of the laxative effects resulting from excessive consumption of the oil. Castor oil is used as a biobased polyol in the polyurethane industry. The average functionality (number of hydroxyl groups per triglyceride molecule) of castor oil is 2.7, so it is widely used as a rigid polyol and in coatings. One particular use is in a polyurethane concrete where a castor-oil emulsion

1372-416: The triglycidyl ether of castor oil which is useful in epoxy technology. This is available commercially as Heloxy 505. The production of lithium grease consumes a significant amount of castor oil. Hydrogenation and saponification of castor oil yields 12-hydroxystearic acid, which is then reacted with lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate to give high-performance lubricant grease. Since it has

1421-494: The "varnish" created by using castor oil in small percentages can improve the pneumatic seal of the sleeve valve, improving such an engine's performance over time. The castor seed contains ricin , a toxic lectin . Heating during the oil extraction process denatures and deactivates the lectin. Harvesting castor beans, though, may not be without risk. The International Castor Oil Association FAQ document states that castor beans contain an allergenic compound called CB1A. This chemical

1470-488: The 1940s, have used varying percentages of castor oil as lubricants. It is highly resistant to degradation when the engine has its fuel-air mixture leaned for maximum engine speed. Gummy residues can still be a problem for aeromodelling powerplants lubricated with castor oil, however, usually requiring eventual replacement of ball bearings when the residue accumulates within the engine's bearing races. One British manufacturer of sleeve valved four-cycle model engines has stated

1519-646: The Grand Prix track, or on the combined tracks as used in VLN or at the 24h. In the 2000s, some events were held on the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps . As season highlight in front of thousands of spectators, the RCN usually runs on the Thursday before a 24 Hours Nürburgring race, which is a holiday , either Ascension Day or Corpus Christi (feast) . The track versions used during that event include various sections of

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1568-555: The Grand Prix track. On the Nordschleife, 15 laps of 20.832 km have to be run, for 312 km overall (longer than an F1 race). Due to being an amateur event without practise, the first (warm up) lap, the last (cool down) and two laps in between for a pit stop are not timed, unless a generous maximum time is exceeded. Of the remaining 11 laps, 9 are run at full speed (like a special stage in rallying), with each second counting as one penalty point . Two laps have to be done at

1617-430: The OH group on the ricinoleic acid along with a hydrogen from the next carbon atom are removed, forming a double bond which then has oxidative cross-linking properties and yields the drying oil. It is considered a vital raw material. Castor oil can react with other materials to produce other chemical compounds that have numerous applications. Transesterification followed by steam cracking gives undecylenic acid ,

1666-568: The cylinders, valves and other parts. The amount of oil fed was in proportion to the distance travelled by the locomotive in either direction. The brand has been involved in Formula One for many years, supplying to a number of teams, including McLaren (1979–1980 and 2017), Williams (1997–2005), Team Lotus (1992–1993), Brabham (1983–1984), Sauber (1994-early 1995), Jaguar (2002–2004), Renault / Alpine (2017–2025), Audi (2026 onwards) and Walter Wolf Racing . Castrol has sponsored

1715-474: The effects of castor oil on ripening the cervix or inducing labour or compare it to other methods of induction. The review found that all women who took castor oil by mouth felt nauseous. More research is needed into the effects of castor oil to induce labour." Castor oil is still used for labor induction in environments where modern drugs are not available; a review of pharmacologic, mechanical, and " complementary " methods of labor induction published in 2024 by

1764-513: The group, Castrol has remained as a subsidiary of BP. Castrol is a leading manufacturer of lubricants and offers a broad range of products for various applications. The exact names of the product groups and types are : Passenger car engine oils: Commercial vehicle engine oils: Automatic transmission fluids, differential and axle fluids, manual transmission fluids: Some steam locomotives were fitted with one or more Wakefield mechanical lubricators . These were normally mounted on

1813-405: The locomotive footplate alongside the boiler, in a position where a mechanical linkage could be made with some point on the locomotive's valve gear or another moving part. The reciprocation of this caused a lever on the lubricator to oscillate, and this was converted to a small rotary movement by a ratchet . The gradual rotation caused a small amount of lubricating oil to be fed into pipes leading to

1862-645: The name of the motor oil had eclipsed the company's name itself so "CC Wakefield & Company" became "Castrol Limited". In 1966, Castrol was acquired by company Burmah Oil , which was renamed "Burmah-Castrol". Burmah-Castrol was purchased by London-based multinational BP (then, "BP Amoco plc") in 2000. At the time of purchase, Burmah-Castrol had a turnover of nearly £3 billion with operating profits of £284 million. The company also had 18,000 employees worldwide, with operations in 55 countries. Respectively, BP Amoco had 80,400 employees worldwide and revenues of more than £63 billion. While Burmah's operations folded into

1911-480: The opening notes of the second Nachtmusik movement of Mahler 's Seventh Symphony were used as the signature theme of Castrol TV commercials. Wakefield vehicles advertised the company and Castrol on their sides; models of them were made by Dinky Toys , and in later times became sought-after collectors' items. One example from 1934 to 1935, in very good to excellent condition, was estimated to fetch £1,000-£1,500 at auction in 2016. Castor oil Castor oil

1960-409: The other significant components. Some 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600–800 million pounds) of castor oil are produced annually for a variety of uses. Castor oil and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing of soaps , lubricants , hydraulic and brake fluids , paints , dyes , coatings , inks , cold-resistant plastics , waxes and polishes, nylon , and perfumes . The name probably comes from

2009-545: The quick start overs and the extreme performance overs and many other factors. Castrol Cricket also ranks cricketers based on their overall performance. India centric initiatives being undertaken like Castrol World Cup ka Hero was created during the 2011 Cricket World Cup . In 2011, Castrol signed a four-year sponsorship deal for the Australian national rugby union team and as the naming rights sponsor of The Rugby Championship . From 1995 until 1997, Castrol were also

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2058-399: The same class. There are also an entry-level "Light" classes with fewer laps, focusing on regularity, and a separate championship. Gleichmäßigkeitsprüfung (GLP) Castrol Castrol Limited is a British oil company that markets industrial and automotive lubricants , offering a wide range of oil, greases and similar products for most lubrication applications. The company

2107-428: The shirt sponsors of English Football League side Swindon Town . Castrol products are still marketed under the red, white and green colour scheme that dates from the launch of Castrol motor oil in 1909. Advertisements for Castrol oil historically featured the slogan "Castrol – liquid engineering". This was more recently refreshed and reintroduced as "It's more than just oil. It's liquid engineering." For many years,

2156-444: The victims. This technique was said to have been originated by Gabriele D'Annunzio or Italo Balbo . This form of torture was potentially deadly, as the administration of the castor oil was often combined with nightstick beatings, especially to the rear , so that the resulting diarrhea would not only lead to dangerous dehydration but also infect the open wounds from the beatings. However, even those victims who survived had to bear

2205-770: The war where Nationalist forces would specifically target Republican-aligned women, both troops and civilians, who lived in Republican -controlled areas. The forced drinking of castor oil occurred alongside sexual assault, rape, torture and murder of these women. Its most notorious use as punishment came in Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini . It was a favorite tool used by the Blackshirts to intimidate and humiliate their opponents. Political dissidents were force-fed large quantities of castor oil by fascist squads so as to induce bouts of extreme diarrhea in

2254-789: The wheel. Castrol is the name sponsor of Castrol Raceway , a multi-track oval, drag, and motocross racing facility in Edmonton , Alberta, Canada. Castrol is the sponsor of D. J. Kennington in the NASCAR Canadian Tire Series and NASCAR Cup Series . In Australia, Castrol has a long history with the Supercars category, and between 1993 and 2005 , Castrol was the title sponsor of Perkins Engineering . It also sponsored Longhurst Racing between 1995 and 1999 , Ford Performance Racing between 2007 and 2009 , and Paul Morris Motorsport in 2010 . In conjunction with

2303-549: Was originally named CC Wakefield ; the name Castrol was originally just the brand name for CC Wakefield's motor oils, but the company eventually changed its name to Castrol when the product name became better-known than the original company name. Since 2000, Castrol Limited has been a subsidiary of BP , which acquired the company for $ 4.73 billion. The "Wakefield Oil Company" was founded by Charles Wakefield in Cheapside , London in 1899. Wakefield had previously left

2352-652: Was sponsored by Castrol from 1999 to 2014. Toyota Motorsport had Castrol sponsorship in the World Rally Championship from 1993 to 1999, and Hyundai Motorsport did so from 2000 to 2002. Also, the Honda factory team at the World Touring Car Championship had Castrol sponsorship from 2012 to 2020. In the All-Japan Grand Touring Championship , the 1997 championship-winning TOM'S Toyota Supra (famous from

2401-600: Was true for an International Rally held in South Africa, ending annually in neighbouring Swaziland . It was the most prestigious event on the South African rally calendar at the time, until Castrol ended its sponsorship of this event. Later only some competitors' cars were carrying the bright green and red colours of Castrol sponsorship in national rally events, notably the S.A. Toyota dealer team. In 2019, Castrol extended their sponsorship activities by re-forming

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