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60-701: Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka (previously spelt Mullawirraburka ), and numbered as Park 14 , is a recreation park located in the East Park Lands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide . There is an artificial lake with rowboats for hire, a café, children's playground and rose garden , and the Adelaide Bowling Club is on the Dequetteville Terrace side. The O-Bahn passes underneath it, to emerge at

120-476: A police sub-inspector, as Keeper of the Park Lands. Bull led an initial team of six park rangers, most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support. This dropped to two by 1840, then back to four by June 1841. Pay and rations were provided by the police department. Since 1852, the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by

180-658: A total area of 489 acres (198 ha) had been taken from park lands. In 2018, the loss is about 568 acres (230 ha). The part of the Park Lands not in the "Government Reserves" have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council since 1852, and since February 2007, the Adelaide Park Lands Authority has advised council and government. On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment, Heritage and

240-547: A type of reserve , so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised. However, it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language. In October 1838 two German missionaries , Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann (and later Samuel Klose ) arrived, setting themselves first up at the "Old Location" on the southern side, studying the Kaurna language and teaching in that language. This

300-552: Is a part of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide , South Australia . It was known as Rundle Park until its Kaurna name was assigned as part of the dual naming initiative by Adelaide City Council in 2003. The park is bounded by East Terrace (to the west), Botanic Road (north), Dequetteville Terrace (east) and Rundle Road (south). John Rundle (1791–1864) was a British Whig politician and businessman who

360-419: Is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years. The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia." In the 2010s, about 25% of the Park Lands are the location of government, public and cultural buildings. Of

420-604: Is bounded by East Terrace (west), Botanic Road (north), Dequetteville Terrace (east) and Rundle Road (south). Since 2000, in February/March of most years, the park has been the site of the Garden of Unearthly Delights , the first venue hub of the Adelaide Fringe , featuring a variety of music, comedy and theatre shows, as well as food stalls, bars and carnival rides , including a Ferris wheel . An extension of

480-677: Is formed by Park Tce. It Contains the Adelaide Golf Links . The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park, after a succession of Protectors of Aborigines first set up a "Native Location", of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens. Bromley's Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain Walter Bromley ,

540-928: The South Australian Colonist in the following year. William Cawthorne, a frequent visitor and close friend of Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"), loved the Kaurna Palti " corroboree " and their material culture, and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts. His Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives , written in 1844, was published in the 1925-26 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch) . Moorhouse, Protector from 1839 until 1857, lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with

600-708: The Adelaide City Council and subsequently no longer pursued by the South Australian Government . In December 2006 the state government passed the Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005 , which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands. At the time the Act was proclaimed, Premier Mike Rann announced that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at

660-478: The Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi , a Kaurna language project run by the University of Adelaide in collaboration with Kaurna advisors. The dual naming covers the city centre and North Adelaide , including the six public squares and Adelaide park lands . Erection of signs in each of

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720-472: The Adelaide City Council . Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks, regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there. A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s, with the Greater Bilby reported as still being numerous in 1890. The former prevalence of

780-590: The Adelaide International Horse Trials . The Fringe venue hub set up on the western side of the park is known as Gluttony. Before European settlement, the eastern parklands were used by the Kaurna people , as a meeting and camping area. In the late 19th century, Poltpalingada Booboorowie , a personality well-known among the European settlers as Tommy Walker, a Ngarrindjeri man, and other Aboriginal people sometimes referred to as

840-600: The " fringe-dwellers " camped in the area. They were forced to move from the area, first to the Adelaide Botanic Garden area and then to Glenelg . Keith Conlon described the area as "bare, swampy in winter, and populated by cows" from the time that Adelaide was founded and the parklands established by Colonel Light , and 120 years later. The Adelaide Bowling Club moved to its present location, with its entrance off Dequetteville Terrace, in 1958. In 1959–60, Adelaide City Council made many improvements to

900-545: The "Aboriginal Location". It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna, and may have had some importance for ceremonies. This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links, and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir, erected on 26 May 2000. Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in

960-538: The "territory" in the Aldinga - Willunga area which Murlawirrapurka inherited from his father, and burka – " elder ". He was one of three elders well-known to the colonists (along with Kadlitpina and Ityamai-itpina ), and more is known about him than any other Kaurna person of that time. After being drained in November 2007 to make repairs addressing the leaking of 200,000 litres (53,000 US gal) per week,

1020-799: The Arts, Peter Garrett , announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in the Australian National Heritage List as "an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole". In fact, large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce, and along the north side of Port Road from West Terrace to the Thebarton Police Barracks, (in Parks 11 , 12 , 26 and 27 ), and also

1080-689: The Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia's Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands, and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839. By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting, rubbish dumping, brick-making, quarrying, squatting, and grazing. To check this, a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by George Gawler and Superintendent Henry Inman . Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull ( c.  1800 -1846), formerly

1140-634: The Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs. In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 (Victoria Park), with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events. Due to lobbying by local resident groups, the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association, the media and many residents of greater Adelaide, this plan was eventually rejected by

1200-649: The Kaurna people ), and planned the city to fit the topography of the landscape, "on rising ground". The Emigration Regulations appearing in the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1,000 sections of an acre each. In early 1837, William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner James Hurtle Fisher that

1260-541: The Park Lands an unsightly appearance. In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown, the government's Conservator of Forests, was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands. Brown presented his Report in 1880, but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A.W. Pelzer became the City Gardener. Major progress was made in planting and landscaping

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1320-581: The Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council's numbering (from "Park 1" to "Park 29"). The numbering, which starts in the North Park Lands (at the Adelaide Golf Links ), and increases clockwise around the perimeter, was applied in September 1882. Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name (e.g. Rymill Park ), but others, such as Park 10 , are still known mostly by their number. Since

1380-501: The Park Lands during his tenure (1899–1932) and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of William Veale , the Town Clerk (1947–1965). In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout (North and South Adelaide) were granted National Heritage Listing status. The first remarks on the assessor's report were: "The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout

1440-723: The Park Lands. Adelaide's characteristic geometrical grid pattern is not unique: apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "Law of the Indies". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including Philadelphia in America , designed in 1682 by surveyor Thomas Holme . There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning. In 1838

1500-551: The community both online and at a public meeting on 8 December. The lake underwent a major upgrade costing A$ 6 million, from August 2023 until its reopening in April 2024. The changes make it more environmentally friendly , and includes a new pipeline connecting it to the Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi that will supply most of its water. This makes it more cost-effective for the Adelaide City Council, which

1560-424: The community tree planting efforts in the locality. Nantu Wama 'horse plain' or 'male grey kangaroo plain' One of Lefevre Park's borders is Lefevre Terrace; Sir J G Shaw-Lefevre (1797–1879), a British barrister, Whig politician and civil servant, was one of South Australia's colonisation commissioners. Kadlitpina Rundle Park / Kadlitpina (formerly spelt Kadlitpinna ), also known as Park 13 ,

1620-588: The east end of Park 25 has been used by the South Australian Cricket Association for the development of the Karen Rolton Oval and associated facilities including car parking. Although it is a single park, for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands. In some, but not all, cases, roadways crossing over

1680-550: The figure-eight of open space, which Light later referred to as "Adelaide Park", be reserved as "Park grounds". Light drew up a plan that included 700 acres (2.8 km ) south of the River Torrens and 342 acres (1.38 km ) north of the river. In addition, he included 38 acres (0.15 km ) of city squares: Hindmarsh , Hurtle , Light , Whitmore and Wellington Squares (each comprising six acres), Victoria Square (eight acres), four one-acre Public Reserves (with frontages to Victoria Square), and 2,300 acres (9.3 km ) for

1740-696: The form of an Aboriginal child and made out of coloured concrete with a bronze water container, is near the playground. The park has been a site for many cultural and sporting events including Carnevale in Adelaide, the Adelaide Equestrian Festival , Aerobic Challenge, and various events in the Adelaide Festival, Adelaide Fringe and Feast festivals. The Fringe location in Rymill Park is known as "Gluttony". Many of

1800-590: The kiosk has not reopened. Negotiations are under way for the owner of Peter Rabbit, a cafe in Hindley Street , to rebuild and run the kiosk. Construction has yet to be approved by parliament, but it is hoped that works would be able to be started in spring 2024. Other features of the park include rose gardens, playgrounds, avenues of well-established trees, barbecue facilities, and the 1962 statue Alice by John Dowie , inspired by Lewis Carroll 's stories for children. Dowie's "Piccanniny" drinking fountain, in

1860-431: The lake was refilled in September 2008. In 2015, a plan to realign Rundle Street as part of a plan to extend O-Bahn bus services to and from the city of Adelaide created controversy. The plan would result in the removal of numerous long established regulated and significant trees. Critics of the plan included Mark Parnell MLC, Nick Xenophon and former Australian Democrats leader, Ian Gilfillan . Public objections to

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1920-572: The late 1800s, Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir William Henry Bragg and his son, Sir William Lawrence Bragg , lived nearby. Of irregular shape, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NE), Medindie Road (SE), Lefevre Road (W) and Main North Road (NW). Contains two small ovals, surrounded by wooded park. There is also a Tree Planting Memorial, erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society, to recognise

1980-584: The missionaries, other Europeans such as William Wyatt , William Williams , William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli (or Tinninyawodli), which was just south of where Strangways Terrace was built. He published a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the Southern Australian on 15 May 1839 and republished in

2040-508: The missionaries, who also shared their views on race relations in the new colony. The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schürmann there had far-reaching effects, influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages, aiding the work of linguists, and laying the foundations for the 21st-century language revival of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages, after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages. Apart from

2100-479: The missionaries. There is only one remaining page of his diary, containing several Kaurna songlines not recorded elsewhere, but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence. Pardipardinyilla 'swimming place' 17 hectares Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games – in the sport of swimming. Approximately square,

2160-531: The most commonly sighted species. Marsupials such as the brushtail possum rest in tree hollows by day and emerge at night to forage and feed. 34°55′25″S 138°36′51″E  /  34.9236°S 138.6141°E  / -34.9236; 138.6141 Adelaide Park Lands Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others. Soon after their declaration in 1837, 370 acres (150 ha) "were lost to 'Government Reserves'". In 1902, The Herald noted that

2220-406: The name Mullawirraburka was applied to Rymill Park. The spelling was later revised to Murlawirrapurka, as a more correct transcription of Kaurna. The name Murlawirrapurka was the name of a Kaurna man, known to settlers as "King John", "King Jack", or "Onkaparinga Jack". His name was derived from Kaurna words (old spelling) mulla − dry and wirra – forest, which together made the name of Mullawirra,

2280-427: The park area. Following a tour overseas, Town Clerk William Veale suggested an artificial lake , playground and picnic area . The new facilities were opened by Lord Mayor Charles John Glover in late 1960. The park was named after Sir Arthur Rymill , Lord Mayor of Adelaide from 1950 to 1954 and council member for 23 years, who had actively supported the extension and improvement of Adelaide’s parklands. The lake

2340-1188: The park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce (to the north), Prospect Rd (to the east), Barton Tce West (to the south) and Jeffcott Rd (to the west). The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket, swimming, tennis and family picnics. The north-west corner of the Park contains the Adelaide Aquatic Centre , picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground. The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities, open space and vegetation (designed and semi-natural landscapes). Kantarilla 'kandara root place' 3.3 hectares A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd (west), Fitzroy Tce (north) and Main North Rd (east). Contains open park. Kangatilla 'kangatta berry place' 9.4 hectares Approximately pentagonal, bounded by O'Connell Street (west), Main North Road (north-west), Lefevre Road (north-east and east) and Barton Terrace East (south). Contains open and wooded park, with SA Water facilities at

2400-416: The park's kiosk , exclusively for use on the lake. The lake underwent renovations from August 2023,and reopened in April 2024. Adelaide businessman Arnie Rossis ran the kiosk from 1998 until 2013, when it was taken over by his daughter and son-in-law until they closed it in 2018. Various "pop-up" caterers used the space since, until "Loch & Quay" leased it for the 2018/2019 season, but as of April 2024,

2460-453: The park's larger trees provide hollows and roosts which are utilised by various species for nesting and residence. Native birds species commonly seen in the park include crested pigeons, magpies, magpie-larks , eastern rosellas , rainbow lorikeets , Australian white ibis and various species of duck. Ducks are present year-round at the artificial lake which provides a permanent water source. Pacific black ducks and Australian wood ducks are

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2520-492: The parks was completed on 30 June 2004, with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s. Also at that time, the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one. Victoria Square , in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as Tarntanyangga . All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the River Torrens is now also named Karrawirra Parri . The renaming of 39 sites

2580-431: The rail reserves, (in Parks 25 , 26 and 27 ), were excluded from the "Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place" listing. 34°54′S 138°36′E  /  34.9°S 138.6°E  / -34.9; 138.6 Adelaide is a planned city , and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of Colonel William Light 's 1837 plan. Light chose a site spanning the River Torrens (known as Yatala by

2640-617: The redevelopment prompted the creation of the Rymill Park Alliance and the Save Adelaide's Rymill Park campaign and Facebook page. However, construction went ahead and was completed in 2017 December. Rymill Park and nearby Rundle Park / Kadlitpina was closed and a tunnel was built underneath them. In late 2019, the Council published a draft Master Plan and Community Land Management Plan (CLMP), inviting comment from

2700-547: The remaining approximately 700 hectares (1,700 acres), many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields. Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated Adelaide Plains grasslands or grassy woodlands, of which 230 hectares (570 acres) have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora. Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities, and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands, particularly through urbanisation and

2760-401: The river behind the new Adelaide Gaol . One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the " Adelaide tribe ". Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by

2820-441: The second interim Protector. He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old Adelaide Gaol , on land on or near the present Bonython Park (also known as the "Aborigines Location" and later as the "Old Location" ). After a few weeks, Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people, to the site known as Piltawodli (later revised to Pirltawardli ), meaning "possum place" and also known as

2880-580: The species - which went by the local name of pinky or pingku - is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat. The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930. The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century, for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden, hospital, South Australian Institute, Adelaide Oval, Victoria Park Racecourse. Extensive felling of trees, quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued, which combined to give

2940-484: The two parks to the south of this one). His name was derived from kadli ("dingo"/"dog") + - itpinna ("father of"). His portrait was painted by George French Angas . Kadlitpina was appointed as an honorary constable; he was issued with a baton and uniform and attended official meetings with the Governor of South Australia . Light Square / Wauwi was given its dual name after his wife, Wauwe or Wauwi. The park

3000-601: The western edge of the city. The area to be returned, 5.5 hectares of land at the west end of Park 25 , occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot, lies between East Terrace (now James Congdon Drive), Port Road and the railway lines. The plans were unveiled in 2011 and the land, which was mallee box woodland prior to European settlement, was developed and landscaped with more than 23,000 trees and shrubs as an urban forest . It features indigenous species, including native pine . In 2017–2018, land at

3060-417: The western end of North Adelaide in a vaguely crescent or banana shape. The southern and western boundaries are provided by War Memorial Drive , with Park 27 (which includes Bonython Park on the other side. The eastern boundary, from south to north, is formed by Montefiore Rd, the western end of North Adelaide (i.e. Strangways Terrace , Mills Tce and Barton Tce West) and Jeffcott Rd. The northern boundary

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3120-637: The western end. The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park, and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park. The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage-listed earth-covered reservoir, dating from the 1870s, that stores and supplies water to Adelaide. Associated with this are a two-storey red brick pumping station, a small brick pumping station "heavily painted in Brunswick green", and an electricity sub-station. Ngampa Yarta 'ngampa root ground' In

3180-601: The western side opposite Grenfell Street . Before and in the early days of the colonisation of South Australia , the eastern park lands were used as camping grounds for the local Kaurna people and later people from other nearby Aboriginal peoples , such as the Ngarrindjeri . The park underwent extensive redevelopment, including the construction of the lake, around 1959–1960. It has been used for many cultural and sporting events, in particular Adelaide Fringe , Feast and Festival of Arts events, Carnevale in Adelaide ,

3240-546: Was also involved in the running of the school and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli. In the 1840s, Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of 5.7 hectares (14 acres). However the whole site, including the school, was dismantled in July 1845, on the orders of Governor George Grey , who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new " Native School " run by the government, which taught only in English,

3300-484: Was constructed in 1959 and the rose gardens were created in the 1960s by excavating what was then the Bartels Road rubbish tip . Following the Council's Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, it set about applying dual naming of many city sites and features, deciding on a Kaurna name in collaboration with appropriate authorities and community organisations. In 2003 the final group of names were endorsed, and

3360-490: Was established near what is now Kintore Avenue . The people's houses were destroyed by soldiers. (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children taken to Poonindie Mission at Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula ). A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across

3420-590: Was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations, is available on the Council website. Kaurna park name and translation: Pirltawardli "possum home" (Pirltawardli/Piltawodli - pilta = possum, and wodli = house or home). 76 hectares. The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta-wodli or Piltawodlingga (in KWP's New Spelling 2010, Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga ). Of an irregular shape, Possum Park / Pirltawardli wraps around

3480-509: Was one of the original directors and financiers of the South Australia Company . Kadlitpina (earlier rendered Kadlitpinna ), known as "Captain Jack" by the early colonial settlers, was one of the three Kaurna burka , or elders well known to the colonists at the time of the colonisation of South Australia . (The other two were Murlawirrapurka ("King John") and Ityamai-itpina ("King Rodney"), whose names are used for

3540-411: Was previously spending A$ 160,000 a year topping up the water and replacing it after outbreaks of algae . The park is bordered by East Terrace , Dequetteville Terrace, and Rundle and Bartels Roads. It is in close proximity to the Adelaide Botanic Garden , Hutt Street , Rundle Park, and Victoria Park . A shallow artificial lake was built in the park in 1960. Rowboats have been available for hire at

3600-432: Was the first mission in South Australia. In December 1839 Schürmann opened a school, supported by Governor George Gawler , which taught only in the Kaurna language, teaching the children to read and write in their language. In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli. In August 1840, Klose took over the running of the school. The second interim Protector (1837–1839), William Wyatt

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