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33-398: The Indian locomotive class WAP-4 is a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in 1993 by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works for Indian Railways . The model name stands for broad gauge (W) , AC Current (A), Passenger traffic (P) locomotive, 4th generation (4). They entered service in late 1994. A total of 778 WAP-4 were built at CLW between 1993 and 2015, which made them

66-427: A battery is determined by the chemistry of that cell (see Galvanic cell § Cell voltage ). Cells can be combined in series for multiples of that voltage, or additional circuitry added to adjust the voltage to a different level. Mechanical generators can usually be constructed to any voltage in a range of feasibility. Nominal voltages of familiar sources: In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over

99-441: A ratio because the cgs unit of voltage is inconveniently small and one volt in this definition is approximately the emf of a Daniell cell , the standard source of voltage in the telegraph systems of the day. At that time, the volt was defined as the potential difference [i.e., what is nowadays called the "voltage (difference)"] across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. The "international volt"

132-482: A result, after over 20 years, production of the WAP-4 locomotives ceased on November 1, 2015, with the 776th unit, #25051, being rolled out. The WAP-4s were developed at the same time IR gave procurement orders for WAP-5 locomotives, as they were meant for more general duties of hauling 24-coach expresses while WAP-5 were specially meant for high-speed operations. Recently as per directive received from Railway Board, all

165-533: A series-connected array of several thousand or tens of thousands of junctions , excited by microwave signals between 10 and 80 GHz (depending on the array design). Empirically, several experiments have shown that the method is independent of device design, material, measurement setup, etc., and no correction terms are required in a practical implementation. In the water-flow analogy , sometimes used to explain electric circuits by comparing them with water-filled pipes, voltage (difference in electric potential)

198-917: Is a city in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra in India.It lies along the Tapti River between the Satpura Range and the Ajanta Hills of the Deccan plateau . It is the Major Hub of Central Railway & play a important role. It's junction is the biggest Junction in Maharashtra it's Yard is second biggest Yard in Asia and have a largest Municipal Council.Bhusawal is an important commercial centre for

231-414: Is also equivalent to electronvolts per elementary charge : The volt is named after Alessandro Volta . As with every SI unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an upper case letter (V), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a common noun ; i.e., volt becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case. Historically

264-467: Is amongst the highest in India. In 2010, the temperature crossed the 49 °C mark, touching 49.8 °C. In winters, the temperature falls down to 15 °C to 16 °C, and receives moderate rainfall during the monsoon. The Ajanta Caves are about 63 km (via Jamner ) from Bhusawal. Road Bhusawal is situated near the NH 53 highway. The city is very old and has narrow roads, due to which there

297-606: Is likened to difference in water pressure , while current is proportional to the amount of water flowing. A resistor would be a reduced diameter somewhere in the piping or something akin to a radiator offering resistance to flow. The relationship between voltage and current is defined (in ohmic devices like resistors ) by Ohm's law . Ohm's Law is analogous to the Hagen–Poiseuille equation , as both are linear models relating flux and potential in their respective systems. The voltage produced by each electrochemical cell in

330-511: Is one of the busiest railway station in the nation and is the headquarter of Bhusawal railway division . The railway line and the railway station was constructed in the second half of 19th century by then British government. The city is situated near the banks of Tapi river and near national highway 53. It is located in the North Maharashtra and historical Khandesh region. Jalgaon is its nearest city. On 19–23 February 1993,

363-809: Is slow movement of traffic. Bhusawal Junction Railway Station is a divisional headquarters of the Central Railways . It is on both the Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line and the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line . The Bhusawal Railway Yard is the second largest railway yard in Asia , after the Pandit Din Dayal Upadhyay Junction Railway Yard, Mughalsarai . Bhusawal is the closest junction to Ajanta (83 km away). Jalgaon Airport

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396-578: Is the elementary charge and h is the Planck constant ), a "conventional" value K J-90 = 0.4835979 GHz/μV was used for the purpose of defining the volt. As a consequence of the 2019 revision of the SI , as of 2019 the Josephson constant has an exact value of K J = 483 597 .848 416 98 ... GHz/V , which replaced the conventional value K J-90 . This standard is typically realized using

429-494: Is the closest airport to Bhusawal. The Railway Coach Factory has been planned to be built here. The city has 2 ordinance factories, out of the 41 factories in India. Bhusawal has a major military base as well. The city has 5 thermal power station units, out of which 4 are operational together with a capacity of over 1420 MW, thus, making it a major contributor to the state's overall electricity generation , providing over 12% of Maharashtra's total power output. A 6th new 660 MW unit

462-435: Is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units ( m , kg , s , and A ) as It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms (current times resistance, Ohm's law ), webers per second (magnetic flux per time), watts per ampere (power per current), or joules per coulomb (energy per charge), which

495-496: The " conventional " volt, V 90 , defined in 1987 by the 18th General Conference on Weights and Measures and in use from 1990 to 2019, was implemented using the Josephson effect for exact frequency-to-voltage conversion, combined with the caesium frequency standard . Though the Josephson effect is still used to realize a volt, the constant used has changed slightly. For the Josephson constant , K J = 2 e / h (where e

528-439: The 41 factories in India. The city has 5 thermal power station units, out of which 4 are operational together with a capacity of over 1420 MW, thus, making it a major contributor to the state's overall electricity generation, providing over 12% of Maharashtra's total power output. A 6th new 660 MW unit is proposed to be developed, which would then take the city's power output to over 2000 MW. Its Bhusaval Junction railway station

561-722: The British Association for the Advancement of Science had defined the volt, ohm, and farad. In 1881, the International Electrical Congress, now the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), approved the volt as the unit for electromotive force. They made the volt equal to 10 cgs units of voltage, the cgs system at the time being the customary system of units in science. They chose such

594-730: The North-Western region of the state of Maharashtra, and being bounded by mountain ranges, has a diverse climate, though the city has dry and hot weather for most of the year. Bhusawal is located at 21°02'50.56"N 75°47'15.99"E. It has an average elevation of 209 metres. The city lies on the banks of the Tapi River, falling in the valley between the Satpura ranges and the Ajanta hills of the Deccan Plateau. The total land area of

627-528: The WAP-1, even sporting the same livery. From 2000, newer versions with many WAP-5 design cues like square type windscreens ,twin-beam headlights, speed recorders and some changes to the control electronics had been rolled out recently. However, in the face of the advent of three-phase AC traction motors, IGBT-controlled AC drives, and full computer controls, the DC traction motors was getting increasingly outdated. As

660-852: The banks of the Tapi river , also known as the Tapti river. Tapi flows through Central India, between the Satpura Range and the Ajanta Hills of the Deccan Plateau . It a major river in the Indian peninsula, with a length of around 724 kilometres (450 miles), originating at the Betul district in Madhya Pradesh. Tapi, along with Narmada and Mahi, flows from the East to the West. Bhusawal, being located on

693-413: The city hosted its only first class cricket match to date during 1992-93 Ranji trophy season at 'Central railway ground'. Maharashtra's SV Jedhe scored century (168) in 1st inning and 64 in 2nd inning. The home team Maharashtra defeated Tamil Nadu cricket team by 10 wickets. In the game, 1983 World Cup winning team's member Krishnamachari Srikkanth played for Tamilnadu. Bhusawal is situated on

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726-415: The galvanic response advocated by Luigi Galvani , Alessandro Volta developed the so-called voltaic pile , a forerunner of the battery , which produced a steady electric current . Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was zinc and silver . In 1861, Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright coined the name "volt" for the unit of resistance. By 1873,

759-453: The headlamps were placed in a recessed nacelle, and from road # 22573 onward, the headlamps were moved to the top. Newer locos also feature larger windshields, more spacious driver cabin with bucket type seats and ergonomic controls. The control panel also features a mix of digital and analog displays in newer units (all analog display in older versions). The first WAP-4 unit, #22201 rolled out from CLW on April 25, 1994. They looked exactly like

792-415: The loco sheds holding WAP-4 type locomotives have started multiple unit (MU) operations. This configuration of MU-fitted WAP-4 locos are being used to haul medium tonnage faster freight trains across IR. The different locomotive sheds of WAP-4 are Arakkonam , Santragachi , Erode , Mughalsarai , Howrah and Bhusaval . All WAP-4s are painted in the same red-black with a yellow/cream band livery, though

825-575: The mainstay of the Indian Railways network. IR/RDSO had realized that the reason for the WAP-1’s performance problems were the low-powered 770 hp Alstom TAO 659 traction motors. These were previously used with for the WAM-4 and WAG-5 classes but were too underpowered for modern requirements. At that time, new 840 hp Hitachi 15250 traction motors which had been adopted for use on newer WAG-5s

858-542: The most numerous class of mainline electric passenger locomotive until the WAP-7 . The WAP-4 is one of the most successful locomotives of Indian Railways serving passenger trains for over 29 years. This class provided the basic design for other locomotives like the WAP-6 . Despite the introduction of more modern types of locomotives like WAP-7, a significant number are still in use, both in mainline duties. Production of this class

891-442: The municipal council is 228.57 sq.km. The population is 187,421 (2011 census), with 96,147 males and 91,274 females. The literacy rate is 88.38%, 91.74% for the males, and 84.87% for the females. Hinduism is the main religion followed by 64.06% of its population, followed by Muslims (24.40%) and Buddhists (8.79%). The city has very dry and hot weather. In summers, the temperature reaches around 46 °C to 49 °C, which

924-479: The shade of the red will differ from shed to shed, from the blazing crimson red of Santragachi SRC/SER to the orange of Erode ED/SR.BZA/SCR painted with navy blue livery recently Volt One volt is defined as the electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units ( m , kg , s , and A ) as Equivalently, it

957-507: The surrounding cotton-growing region. It also trades in bananas, millet, and peanuts (groundnuts) and has a large-scale oil-processing industry and a biggest city in Jalgaon District after Jalgaon It is the seat of its eponymous, Bhusawal taluka . The Railway Coach Factory has been planned to be built here. It also has an Indian Army Cantonment and has a major military base as well. The city has 2 ordinance factories, out of

990-408: The widespread use of aluminum materials in construction. The underframe of WAP-4 is narrower and lighter and also completely different from that of the WAP-1 to enable it to handle higher loads. The loco has a streamlined twin cab carbody design, with top-mounted headlamps. The first 150 or so units had the headlamp mounted at waist level, with the lights being mounted in a protruding nacelle. Later on

1023-414: Was defined in 1893 as 1 ⁄ 1.434 of the emf of a Clark cell . This definition was abandoned in 1908 in favor of a definition based on the international ohm and international ampere until the entire set of "reproducible units" was abandoned in 1948. A 2019 revision of the SI , including defining the value of the elementary charge , took effect on 20 May 2019. Bhusaval Bhusawal

Indian locomotive class WAP-4 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-555: Was halted in December 2015 with locomotive number 25051 being the last unit to be rolled out. As of September 2022, all locomotives except those lost in accidents still retain "operational status" on the mainline as WAP-4, with further examples having been converted from WAP-6. The WAP-4 class was developed after its predecessor, the WAP-1 , was found inadequate to haul the longer, heavier express trains (24-26 coaches) that were becoming

1089-431: Was showing promise. So, these traction motors were adopted on to WAP-1s Flex-icoil Mark I fabricated bogies, and with a new indigenously designed 5400 kVA transformer and silicon rectifiers. It also was among the first locomotives to get a microprocessor-based control and fault diagnostics system. To accommodate the heavier Hitachi motors without increasing its 112t overall weight, the WAP-4 was made substantially lighter by

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