98-608: Worsbrough is a district to the south of Barnsley in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley , South Yorkshire , England. Before 1974, Worsbrough had its own urban district council in the West Riding of Yorkshire . Much of Worsbrough is now part of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council's , Worsbrough ward, although certain parts of the historic Worsbrough district, such as Birdwell, Rockley and Blacker Hill, currently lie within neighbouring council wards. The Worsbrough district includes three parishes; St James's originally included
196-590: A landskap (province), but since the government reform of 1634, län ("county") took over all administrative roles of the province. A härad functioned also as electoral district for one peasant representative during the Riksdag of the Estates (Swedish parliament 1436–1866). The häradsrätt ( assize court ) was the court of first instance in the countryside, abolished in 1971 and superseded by tingsrätt (modern district courts ). Today,
294-709: A campus in the town on Church Street beside Barnsley Town Hall . This is known as the University Campus Barnsley. All 14 secondary schools in Barnsley were demolished and replaced by academy education centres, named 'SuperSchools'. These new schools combined all the previous LEA run comprehensive schools in the area into newly PFI built academies under the Building Schools for the Future programme. The Civic , in Barnsley town centre,
392-466: A clerk and a knight were sent by the king to each county; they sat with the shire- reeve (or sheriff ), of the county and a select group of local knights. There would be two knights from each hundred. After it was determined what geld had to be paid, the bailiff and knights of the hundred were responsible for getting the money to the sheriff, and the sheriff for getting it to the Exchequer . Above
490-466: A combined rail and bus station that was opened on Sunday 20 May 2007; it was the first project of the Remaking Barnsley scheme. Stagecoach Yorkshire run most bus services within Barnsley, operating to and from Barnsley Interchange. Stagecoach acquired the company from Yorkshire Traction in 2005. Passenger services are provided by Northern Trains . The standard hourly service pattern
588-458: A commander. Eventually, that division was superseded by introducing the härad or Herred , which was the term in the rest of the Nordic countries . This word was either derived from Proto-Norse * harja-raiðō (warband) or Proto-Germanic * harja-raiða (war equipment, cf. wapentake) . Similar to skipreide , a part of the coast where the inhabitants were responsible for equipping and manning
686-666: A consequence of falling pupil numbers. Other schools in the area now closed, were, Worsbrough Dale Junior & Infants, Blacker Hill Primary (formerly Worsbrough Blacker Infants), Worsbrough High School (formerly Whitecross Secondary Modern). Worsbrough Bridge Athletic F.C. are based in Worsbrough, next to the River Dove and currently play in the Northern Counties East Football League . The Trans Pennine Trail runs through Worsbrough along
784-434: A fixed place; while in others, courts moved with each sitting to a different location. The main duty of the hundred court was the maintenance of the frankpledge system. The court was formed of twelve freeholders , or freemen. According to a 13th-century statute, freeholders did not have to attend their lord's manorial courts, thus any suits involving them would be heard in a hundred court. For especially serious crimes,
882-582: A foot". The legislation instead introduced the six-mile square township of the Public Land Survey System . In South Australia, land titles record in which hundred a parcel of land is located. Similar to the notion of the South Australian counties listed on the system of titles, hundreds are not generally used when referring to a district and are little known by the general population, except when transferring land title. When
980-443: A hide was the amount of land farmed by and required to support a peasant family, but by the eleventh century in many areas it supported four families. Alternatively the hundred may have been an area originally settled by one "hundred" men at arms, or the area liable to provide one "hundred" men under arms. In this early medieval use, the number term "hundred" can itself be unclear, meaning the "short" hundred (100) or in some contexts
1078-486: A hundred was the division of a shire for military and judicial purposes under the common law , which could have varying extent of common feudal ownership, from complete suzerainty to minor royal or ecclesiastical prerogatives and rights of ownership. Until the introduction of districts by the Local Government Act 1894 , hundreds were the only widely used assessment unit intermediate in size between
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#17327805170401176-506: A large concentration of pubs and bars in the central district. There is also a twin auditorium cinema called Parkway Cinema Barnsley occupying what once was the Odeon Cinema on Eldon Street. Outside the town centre are large retail units, retail parks and supermarkets, which include Asda , Morrisons , Currys , and Halfords . The development of a new shopping centre was started in the town centre in late 2015. Barnsley town centre
1274-440: A local level in the feudal system . Of chief importance was their more regular use for taxation, and six centuries of taxation returns for the divisions survive to this day. Groupings of divisions, small shires , were used to define parliamentary constituencies from 1832 to 1885. On the redistribution of seats in 1885 a different county subdivision, the petty sessional division , was used. Hundreds were also used to administer
1372-586: A major redevelopment, which included provision for a theatre and public art gallery. The Civic has hosted high-profile acts such as Al Murray and Russell Howard . The Civic houses a contemporary art gallery that hosts touring exhibition from the V&;A and the Flow Gallery in London. The Civic also curates its own work for touring. The Lamproom Theatre has four theatrical companies, and showcases theatre in
1470-474: A mile long and half a mile broad. Value in King Edward's time four pounds, now thirty shillings. The name 'Worsbrough' means 'Weorc's fortified place'. The historic centre of Worsbrough was what is now known as Worsbrough Village. It was colloquially referred to as Wusber/Wusper up until recent times, and is spelt as such on old maps. Worsbrough was a largely farming and agricultural settlement prior to
1568-539: A number of other large food manufacturers. Most of these businesses are based on industrial parks outside the town centre including many on reclaimed former coal mine sites. The town centre is now moving towards a service economy. In June 2024, unemployment stood at 3.4% in Barnsley North and 4.1% in Barnsley South, compared to the national level of 3.9%. The western half of the borough stretches from
1666-558: A prominent level. Although settlements had been established in the Barnsley area for centuries prior, and was a well known centre to trade, the first reference to Barnsley occurs in 1086 in the Domesday Book , in which it is called Berneslai and has a population of around 200. The town was in the parish of Silkstone and developed little until in the 1150s when it was given to the Pontefract Priory . The monks built
1764-557: A regeneration programme centred on the town centre which is still underway. Developments included the transport interchange, a cultural centre in the old Civic Hall, a Digital Media Centre (opened August 2007), and new offices and apartments throughout the town centre. At the same time new housing areas were developed. Business parks on the M1 at Junctions 37 and 36, and in the Dearne Valley, have expanded job opportunities. Unemployment
1862-594: A rural kihlakunta . In a rural hundred the lensmann (chief of local state authorities) was called nimismies ("appointed man"), or archaically vallesmanni (from Swedish). In the Swedish era (up to 1809), his main responsibilities were maintenance of stagecoach stations and coaching inns , supplying traveling government personnel with food and lodging, transport of criminal prisoners, police responsibilities, arranging district court proceedings ( tingsrätt ), collection of taxes, and sometimes arranging hunts to cull
1960-476: A similar subdivision of counties is referred to as a barony , and a hundred is a subdivision of a particularly large townland (most townlands are not divided into hundreds). The origin of the division of counties into hundreds is described by the Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) as "exceedingly obscure". It may once have referred to an area of 100 hides ; in early Anglo-Saxon England
2058-470: A town where three roads met: the Sheffield to Wakefield , Rotherham to Huddersfield and Cheshire to Doncaster routes. The Domesday village became known as Old Barnsley, and a town grew up on the new site. The monks erected a chapel of ease dedicated to Saint Mary , which survived until 1820 , and established a market . In 1249, a Royal charter was granted to Barnsley permitting it to hold
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#17327805170402156-555: A tradition of brass bands , originally created as social clubs by its mining communities. Following the Norman invasion of 1066, many abbeys and priories were built in Yorkshire. Norman landowners increased their revenues and established new towns such as Barnsley, Doncaster , Hull , Leeds , Scarborough and Sheffield , among others. Of towns founded before the conquest, only Bridlington , Pocklington , and York continued at
2254-458: A war ship. Hundreds were not organized in Norrland , the northern sparsely populated part of Sweden. In Sweden, a countryside härad was typically divided in a few socken units (parish), where the ecclesiastical and worldly administrative units often coincided. This began losing its basic significance through the municipal reform of 1862 . A härad was originally a subdivision of
2352-573: A weekly market on Wednesdays and annual four-day fair at Michaelmas . By the 1290s, three annual fairs were held. The town was the centre of the Staincross wapentake , but in the mid-16th century had only 600 inhabitants. From the 17th century, Barnsley developed into a stop-off point on the route between Leeds, Wakefield, Sheffield and London. The traffic generated as a result of its location fuelled trade, with hostelries and related services prospering. A principal centre for linen -weaving during
2450-643: Is Stephanie Peacock of the Labour Party, Penistone and Stocksbridge , whose MP is Marie Tidball of the Labour Party, and Wentworth and Dearne , whose MP is John Healey of the Labour Party. Barnsley is located in the valley of the River Dearne at the eastern foothills of the Pennines , near the uplands of the Peak District to the west. Geologically, the town is located within the area of
2548-485: Is a Grade I listed building in the tranquil setting of the historic settlement of Worsbrough Village. The Parish of St Mary's covers, Worsbrough Village, Birdwell, Blacker Hill, and the rural areas of Worsbrough Park and Rockley. On West Street (B6100) in Worsbrough Bridge. Our Lady and St James Church . Built 1902 by T. H. and F. Healey of Bradford. Listed as Grade II by Historic England . The church
2646-562: Is a multi-purpose performance venue in a grade II listed building . The building was originally the Barnsley Mechanics Institute and Public Hall, built by Henry Harvey in 1877. His brother Charles Harvey, gave the building to the people of the town a few years later, renaming it the Harvey Institute. The Harvey Institute was host to many types of entertainment, including variety shows and cinema . It
2744-806: Is also included. The green belt was first defined in 1979, and the area in 2017 amounted to some 23,050 hectares (230.5 km ; 89.0 sq mi), 77% of the borough. A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests, with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including the River Dearne valley, and tributaries Cawthorne Dyke and Tanyard Beck; Hugset and Dovecliffe Woods; Worsbrough Mill Park and reservoir; Dearne Valley Park; Trans Pennine Trail ; Kendray recreation ground; Locke Park ; Stainborough Cricket Club and Park; Wentworth Castle and gardens; Barnsley Colliery; Monk Bretton Priory ; Laithes Lane playing fields; and Barnsley Golf Club. Beyond Penistone,
2842-584: Is also remnants of a canal which was a branch of the Dearne and Dove Canal . Worsbrough dates back to the 7th century, and is listed within the wapentake of Staincross , Yorkshire , in the Domesday Book : In Wircesburg Gerneber and Haldene had five carucates of land and a half to be taxed where there may be four ploughs. Gamel and Chetelber now have it of Ilbert, themselves two ploughs, and four bordars, and one mill pays two shillings. Wood pasture half
2940-599: Is as follows. Northbound services: Southbound services: Evening and Sunday services operate less frequently. Barnsley is also served by: Since the closure of Robin Hood Airport the nearest airport is Leeds Bradford Airport , which is approximately 31 miles (50 km) away. Barnsley College is situated on a number of sites throughout the town centre, chiefly Old Mill Lane campus, SciTech Centre, Honeywell Sports campus, CUBE Construction Centre and STEM Centre. The University of Huddersfield has recently opened
3038-667: Is called Station Road. The Station closed in 1953, but freight traffic on the line operated for Rockingham Colliery until the late 1960s and the nearby Barrow Colliery , until the mid 1980s. The line was closed in 1986. The current Hallam Line and Penistone Line between Barnsley-Sheffield, both run through the Worsbrough area at Swaithe. Notable landmarks of Worsbrough include Houndhill , Rockley Old Hall, Rockley Furnace, Wigfield Farm, Worsbrough Hall, St Mary's Church, also Worsbrough Mill and Worsbrough Reservoir, which are within Worsbrough Country Park. There
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3136-500: Is in the process of renovation to make space for a new retail and leisure development. Alhambra Shopping Centre , which was opened in 1991, houses retailers such as Next , Poundstretcher , and Primark . Other prominent areas include Queen Street, home to Marks and Spencer , Market Street, Eldon Street and the Victorian Arcade, which houses the majority of the independent and designer retailers in Barnsley. The town also has
3234-707: Is now below the national average. The economic development of Barnsley is led by the Barnsley Development Agency. Significant industrial employers include the Ardagh Group and ASOS.com . A large part of Barnsley town centre was constructed during the 1960s. The area around Cheapside and May Day Green, the Metropolitan Centre, is home to the market and many national high street chains such as Marks & Spencer , Carphone Warehouse , Vodafone , Boots , and The Body Shop . It
3332-537: Is undergoing a period of change. Projects include: The first bottle bank for glass recycling collection in the United Kingdom was introduced by both Stanley Race CBE , then president of the Glass Manufacturers' Federation and major employer Redfearn's (now Ardagh Glass) and Ron England in Barnsley. The bottle bank opened on 24 August 1977. The main transport hub is Barnsley Interchange ,
3430-540: Is visible behind some gardens; the building is made of white stone and has an impressive clock tower. Opened on 14 December 1933, Barnsley Town Hall is the seat of local government in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley . The County Borough of Barnsley was created in 1913, administered independently of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972 , the county borough
3528-575: Is within a green belt region that extends into the borough and wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban sprawl , prevent the towns in the Barnsley/Dearne Valley conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building. The green belt surrounds
3626-656: The Domesday Book of 1086, the term is used instead of hundreds in Yorkshire , the Five Boroughs of Derby , Leicester , Lincoln , Nottingham and Stamford , and also sometimes in Northamptonshire. The laws in wapentakes were similar to those in hundreds with minor variations. According to the first-century historian Tacitus , in Scandinavia the wapentake referred to a vote passed at an assembly by
3724-520: The Great Central Railway (GCR) freight-only line from Wath to Penistone, climbing for 7 miles (11 km), with a stretch of 3 miles (4.8 km) at a nominal gradient of 1 in 40 (2.5%). Sections of this incline also suffered from colliery subsidence, making it infamously difficult to restart a stalled train on these severe sections. The main traffic on the line was loaded trains carrying coal from the southern Yorkshire coalfields to Lancashire via
3822-598: The Oaks Disaster near Hoyle Mill, Barnsley. There was several 'lesser' pit disasters in the Worsbrough area, including the 1907 Barrow Colliery disaster, among others. Today there are several memorials to those who lost their lives in local pit disasters, at churchyards in the area. The Worsbrough Dale (St Thomas) parish covers the majority of the population of Worsbrough north of the river including Swaithe. It stretches up Hunningley Lane (B6100) as far as Birk Avenue . Worsbrough Village (St Mary) church, south of
3920-891: The Royal College of Music , London. The band has performed in Hyde Park during the Last Night of the Proms . Other events include Picnic In The Park, being held annually to raise funds for Barnsley Hospice. Hundred (county division) A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in
4018-1068: The South Yorkshire Coalfield , consisting of the middle coal measures and sandstones laid down in the Carboniferous period. The town is approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Sheffield , 17 miles (27 km) south of Leeds , 9 miles (14 km) south of Wakefield and 32 miles (51 km) east of Manchester . Ardsley , Athersley , Barugh Green , Bank End , Birdwell, Darton , Carlton , Cawthorne, Cudworth , Cundy Cross, Darfield , Dodworth , Elsecar , Gawber , Higham , Honeywell , Hoyland , Kendray , Kexbrough , Kingstone , Lundwood , Mapplewell , Monk Bretton , Tankersley, New Lodge , Oakwell , Old Town , Pogmoor , Royston , Shafton , Smithies , Silkstone, Staincross , Stairfoot , Thurnscoe , Wilthorpe , Woolley Colliery , Worsbrough (includes Worsbrough Bridge, Worsbrough Common, Worsbrough Dale, Worsbrough Village, and Ward Green ), Wombwell . Barnsley
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4116-745: The Woodhead Tunnel . The LNER Class U1 was designed solely for the Worsbrough Branch line, prior to electrification in the early 1950s. The Worsbrough Branch line was closed in 1981. The only passenger railway station in the Worsbrough District was at Dovecliffe , on the South Yorkshire Railway's Barnsley to Sheffield line .The station was originally named Smithley for Darley Main & Worsborough. The road from Worsbrough Dale to Dovecliffe
4214-411: The latest election in 2012 the council has 53 Labour, 5 Barnsley Independent Group and 5 Conservative councillors . The borough council elects the mayor every year. On the day of the election, a parade takes place in front of the town hall in honour of the new mayor. Barnsley is split into four constituencies, Barnsley North , whose MP is Dan Jarvis of the Labour Party, Barnsley South , whose MP
4312-508: The long hundred of 120. There was an equivalent traditional Germanic system. In Old High German a huntari is a division of a gau , but the OED believes that the link between the two is not established. From the 11th century in England, and to a lesser extent from the 16th century in Wales, and until the middle of the 19th century, the annual assemblies had varying degrees of power at
4410-642: The 16th century, and the holder ceased to gain any benefits during the 17th century. The position has since been used as a procedural device to allow resignation from the British House of Commons as a (formerly) remunerated office of the Crown. A wapentake, an Old Norse -derived term as common in Northern England , was the equivalent of the Anglo-Saxon hundred in the northern Danelaw . In
4508-579: The 17th century, following the English practice familiar to the colonists. They survive in Delaware (see List of hundreds of Delaware ), and were used as tax reporting and voting districts until the 1960s, but now serve no administrative role: their only official legal use is in real estate title descriptions. The hundred was also used as a division of the county in Maryland . Carroll County, Maryland
4606-542: The 18th and 19th century, Barnsley grew into an important manufacturing town. The first passenger station to serve Barnsley was opened by the North Midland Railway in 1840. Barnsley station (later called Cudworth railway station ) was located some 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (4 kilometres) away at Cudworth. On 1 January 1850 the Manchester and Leeds Railway opened Barnsley Exchange station, close to
4704-409: The Barnsley built-up area, separating towns and villages throughout the borough. Larger outlying communities such as Cudworth, Dodworth, Kendray, Monk Bretton, and Worsbrough are also exempt from the green belt area. However, nearby smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Swaithe, Smithley, Low Laithes, and Upper Norcroft are 'washed over' by the designation. Much semi-rural land on the fringes
4802-700: The British Colony of New South Wales . It is still used in other places, including in Australia (in South Australia and the Northern Territory ). Other terms for the hundred in English and other languages include wapentake , herred (Danish and Bokmål Norwegian ), herad ( Nynorsk Norwegian ), härad or hundare (Swedish), Harde (German), hiird ( North Frisian ), kihlakunta (Finnish), and cantref (Welsh). In Ireland,
4900-439: The Crown, but by its subjects. Where a hundred was under a lord, a steward , acting as a judge and the chief official of the lord of the manor , was appointed in place of a sheriff. The importance of the hundred courts declined from the 17th century, and most of their powers were extinguished with the establishment of county courts in 1867. The remaining duty of the inhabitants of a hundred to make good damages caused by riot
4998-673: The Elmhirst School , provides secondary education to the area. It moved to a new site on Farm Road . Primary schools include Birdwell Primary School (formerly Worsbro Birdwell Junior&Infants), Ward Green Primary School (formerly Worsbro' Ward Green Junior&Infants), The Mill Academy (formerly St Edmunds Primary School, before amalgamation of Our Ladys RC Primary and Worsbro' Lobwood Infant School), Bank End Primary Academy (formerly Worsbrough Bank End Junior&Infants) and Worsbrough St Mary's C of E Primary School. Worsbrough St Mary's C of E Primary School closed on 31 December 2007 as
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#17327805170405096-549: The Industrial Revolution. During the Industrial Revolution, there was a growing coal mining industry, plus iron foundries and several quarries across the Worsbrough District. The railway, canal system and better road links between Barnsley and Sheffield, also led to increased industry and migration to Worsbrough from other parts of the North, Britain and Ireland, and to the wider area as a whole. Several coal mines in
5194-469: The M1 to the edge of the Peak District and is rural in character. This western part includes the market town of Penistone and Wentworth Castle and its Grade I listed gardens, Cannon Hall Park and Museum, Cawthorne Jubilee Museum, Wortley Hall and gardens, and Wortley Top Forge (16th century Forge). In 2002, Barnsley Council and partners launched a consultation, "Rethinking Barnsley". It led to
5292-482: The Suburbs of Worsbrough Bridge and Ward Green . St Thomas's included Worsbrough Dale, Swaithe and Bank End. St Mary's included Worsbrough Village, Birdwell, Blacker Hill, Worsbrough Park and Rockley. Worsbrough Common estate is a suburb of the Barnsley town centre area. It takes its name from the old common above Highstone Lane, which was the border betwixt Worsbrough and Barnsley. Although it takes its name from
5390-597: The YCSPL. The Worsbrough Mystery Plays are held at St Mary's Church. Worsbrough Brass are the local brass band. Barnsley Barnsley ( / ˈ b ɑːr n z l i / ) is a market town in South Yorkshire , England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 96,888 in 2021, while
5488-565: The York Diocese. In Wales an ancient Celtic system of division called cantrefi (a hundred farmsteads; singular cantref ) had existed for centuries and was of particular importance in the administration of the Welsh law . The antiquity of the cantrefi is demonstrated by the fact that they often mark the boundary between dialects . Some were originally kingdoms in their own right; others may have been artificial units created later. With
5586-520: The arrival of the coal industry . From the 1850s onwards, a large number of coal pits were opened, mostly in the villages surrounding the town, especially those to the east. Coal mining was the major industry of the town until the late 1950s, when a long-term decline set in. All the mines in the borough are now closed, the last to shut being Goldthorpe Colliery in 1994. Wire, linen and glass making were also major industries, but only glass making remains, with one company still operating. The coat of arms for
5684-562: The brandishing of weapons. In some counties, such as Leicestershire, the wapentakes recorded at the time of Domesday Book later evolved into hundreds. In others, such as Lincolnshire , the term remained in use. Although no longer part of local government, there is some correspondence between the rural deanery and the former wapentake or hundred; especially in the East Midlands, the Buckingham Archdeaconry and
5782-411: The church building was about £3,000. Listed as Grade II by Historic England . The church was originally called St Thomas's, but after St James's church in Worsbrough Bridge became a RC church, St Thomas took on St James's name and Parish. St Thomas's was the parish church of Worsbrough Dale, Swaithe and Bank End, until the addition of St James's Parish. St Mary's Church built over a thousand years ago,
5880-407: The coming of Christianity, the llan (similar to the parish) based Celtic churches often took the borders of the older cantrefi, and the same happened when Norman 'hundreds' were enforced on the people of Wales. Each cantref had its own court, which was an assembly of the uchelwyr , the main landowners of the cantref . This would be presided over by the king if he happened to be present, or if he
5978-414: The estate was constructed. Stainborough C.P. was formerly a sub division of the Worsbrough Urban District. The River Dove flows through Worsbrough and the reservoir before joining the River Dearne . The A61 traverses this large valley, before passing through Birdwell and junction 36 of the M1 , in the direction of Sheffield. A railway line, the Worsbrough Branch line, linked to
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#17327805170406076-509: The first five national censuses from 1801 to 1841. The system of county divisions was not as stable as the system of counties being established at the time, and lists frequently differ on how many hundreds a county had. In many parts of the country, the Domesday Book contained a radically different set of divisions from that which later became established. The numbers of divisions in each county varied widely. Leicestershire had six (up from four at Domesday), whereas Devon , nearly three times
6174-405: The former Woodhead Line , passed along the valley. It is now part of the Trans-Pennine Trail . The Worsbrough Branch railway line was primarily a coal freight line and started at Aldham from Wath and ended at West Silkstone Junction, where it joined the Barnsley-Penistone line. The Worsbrough Bank, sometimes referred to as the Worsbrough Incline, was a steep bank on the Worsbrough Branch of
6272-407: The green belt also borders the Peak District National Park. The 2011 census recorded that the population of the town was 91,297. According to the 2021 census Barnsley was 95.5% White , 1.4% Asian , 1.1% Mixed , 1.0% Black and 1.0% other . Previously 2011 census data showed the town was 94.7% White British, 1.1% Asian and 0.8% Black. The town was known for a thriving linen trade prior to
6370-487: The hundred was the shire , under the control of a sheriff. Hundred boundaries were independent of both parish and county boundaries, although often aligned, meaning that a hundred could be split between counties, or a parish could be split between hundreds. Exceptionally, in the counties of Kent and Sussex , there was a sub-division intermediate in size between the hundred and the shire: several hundreds were grouped together to form lathes in Kent and rapes in Sussex. At
6468-482: The hundred was under the jurisdiction of the Crown; the chief magistrate was a sheriff, and his circuit was called the sheriff's tourn . However, many hundreds came into private hands, with the lordship of the hundred being attached to the principal manor of the area and becoming hereditary. Helen Cam estimated that even before the Conquest, over 130 hundreds were in private hands; while an inquest of 1316 found that by that date 388 of 628 named hundreds were held, not by
6566-403: The hundreds added five more: Pitts Creek, Acquango, Queponco, Buckingham, and Worcester Hundreds. The original borders of Talbot County (founded at some point prior to 12 February 1661 ) contained nine hundreds: Treadhaven Hundred, Bolenbroke Hundred, Mill Hundred, Tuckahoe Hundred, Worrell Hundred, Bay Hundred, Island Hundred, Lower Kent Island Hundred, Chester Hundred. In 1669 Chester Hundred
6664-482: The hundreds serve no administrative role in Sweden, although some judicial district courts still bear the name (e.g. Attunda tingsrätt ) and the hundreds are occasionally used in expressions, e.g. Sjuhäradsbygden (district of seven hundreds). It is not entirely clear when hundreds were organised in the western part of Finland. The name of the province of Satakunta , roughly meaning hundred ( sata meaning "one hundred" in Finnish), hints at influences from
6762-436: The industrial era were located in Worsbrough, more so in the east of the area, such as Swaithe Main, Martin's Main, Worsbrough Park, Bell Ing, Kendall Green, Barrow, Mount Vernon, Edmunds Main and Darley Main. With the rise of industry in the area and migration, came risks and due to unsafe and treacherous working conditions, many men and boys lost their lives, and families their breadwinners. Several large pit disasters rocked
6860-422: The land in the region of the present Darwin, in the Northern Territory, was first surveyed, the territory was administered by South Australia, and the surveyed land was divided up into hundreds. The Cumberland County ( Sydney ) was also allocated hundreds in the nineteenth century, although these were later repealed. A hundred is traditionally one hundred square miles or 64,000 acres (26,000 ha), although this
6958-405: The local community. In 1849, 75 men and boys lost their lives in the Darley Main Colliery disaster in Worsbrough Dale. In 1862, another massive pit disaster occurred this time at Edmunds Main Colliery. Fifty-nine men and boys died in the explosions. Then, in 1875 at Swaithe Main Colliery, another explosion that led to the deaths of 143 men and boys, this was the biggest loss of life since
7056-458: The name Bay Hundred, with state and local governments using the name in ways ranging from water trail guides to community pools, while local newspapers regularly use the name in reporting news. Following American independence, the term "hundred" fell out of favour and was replaced by "election district". However, the names of the old hundreds continue to show up in deeds for another 50 years. Some plantations in early colonial Virginia used
7154-601: The old Worsbrough common, the modern Worsbro Common council estate was never part of the Worsbrough Urban District or Parish, but part of the County Borough of Barnsley . Furthermore, approximately one third of the common ground and fields used to build the Kendray council estate was on land within the Worsbrough Urban District, which was later swallowed up by the County Borough of Barnsley after
7252-471: The parish, with its various administrative functions, and the county, with its formal, ceremonial functions. The term "hundred" is first recorded in the laws of Edmund I (939–46) as a measure of land and the area served by a hundred court. In the Midlands , they often covered an area of about 100 hides , but this did not apply in the south; this may suggest that it was an ancient West Saxon measure that
7350-597: The path of a disused railway line. Outdoor bowls can be played at High Street Bowling Club in Worsbrough Dale and Kendal Vale Bowling Club in Worsbrough Bridge. Adjacent to Worsbrough Bridge Athletic F.C. and Kendal Vale Bowling Club is Worsbrough Bridge Cricket Club who compete in the Yorkshire Cricket Southern Premier League . Worsbrough Bridge Cricket Club are based next to the River Dove and play in divisions 3 and 8 of
7448-438: The river near Worsbrough Hall and the parish covers most of the area of Worsbrough south of the river and includes Birdwell and most of the M1 between the river and junction 36. On Bank End Road in Worsbrough Dale. The church was built in 1858 and consecrated in 1859. The Wentworth family of Wentworth Castle gave a donation of £2,000 and other people provided donations of smaller amounts or helped in other ways. The total cost of
7546-497: The size, had 32. By the end of the 19th century, several single-purpose subdivisions of counties, such as poor law unions , sanitary districts , and highway districts , had sprung up, which, together with the introduction of urban districts and rural districts in 1894, mostly replaced the role of the parishes, and to a lesser extent the less extensive role of hundreds. The division names gave their name to multiple modern local government districts . In south and western England,
7644-560: The term hundred in their names, such as Martin's Hundred , Flowerdew Hundred , and West and Shirley Hundred . Bermuda Hundred was the first incorporated town in the English colony of Virginia. It was founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1613, six years after Jamestown . While debating what became the Land Ordinance of 1785 , Thomas Jefferson 's committee wanted to divide the public lands in the west into "hundreds of ten geographical miles square, each mile containing 6086 and 4-10ths of
7742-503: The time of the Norman conquest of England , Kent was divided into seven lathes and Sussex into four rapes. Over time, the principal functions of the hundred became the administration of law and the keeping of the peace. By the 12th century, the hundred court was held twelve times a year. This was later increased to fortnightly, although an ordinance of 1234 reduced the frequency to once every three weeks. In some hundreds, courts were held at
7840-530: The times before the Northern Crusades , Christianization , and incorporation into Sweden. As kihlakunta , hundreds remained the fundamental administrative division for the state authorities until 2009. Each was subordinated to a lääni (province/county) and had its own police department, district court and prosecutors. Typically, cities would comprise an urban kihlakunta by themselves, but several rural municipalities would belong to
7938-685: The town centre. On 1 May 1870 the Midland Railway opened Regent Street station, a temporary structure. A new station was opened by the MR on the Regent Street site on 23 August 1873. As it incorporated the old court house in its construction Regent Street station was renamed Barnsley Court House station . Barnsley became a municipal borough in 1869, and a county borough in 1913. The town's boundaries were extended to absorb Ardsley and Monk Bretton in 1921 and Carlton in 1938. Barnsley
8036-618: The town has both a coal miner and a glass-blower supporting a shield and depicting local families and other industries, above a ribbon bearing the town's motto, Spectemur agendo ("Let us be judged by our acts"). Major companies in Barnsley include online retailer ASOS , the largest cake bakery in Europe, Premier Foods (formerly Lyons Bakery) who make the Mr Kipling Cake brand, Ardagh Glass (glass bottle makers), Symphony Kitchens, Premdor, several double glazing joinery manufacturers and
8134-493: The town in The Road to Wigan Pier . He arrived in the town on 11 March 1936 and spent a number of days in the town living in the houses of the working class miners while researching for the book. He wrote very critically of the council's expenditure on the construction of Barnsley Town Hall and claimed that the money should have been spent on improving the housing and living conditions of the local miners. The Town Hall itself
8232-645: The town. The Academy Theatre is part of the Take 2 Centre where performances range from comedy to musicals . The Take 2 Centre houses The Take 2 Performing Arts Academy, The Stage Door Restaurant, and The Take 2 Music Centre. Barnsley Council operates five museums, Elsecar Heritage Centre , Cannon Hall , the Cooper Gallery Worsbrough Mill and Experience Barnsley which opened in the Town Hall in 2015. Other museums in Barnsley include
8330-613: The volunteer-run Darfield Museum and the Cawthorne Victoria Jubilee Museum. Other heritage sites include Wortley Top Forge , Wortley Hall , Wentworth Castle , Monk Bretton Priory and Pot House Hamlet . HIVE Gallery is a contemporary art gallery set up in 2007. It is in Elsecar Heritage Centre and puts on eight contemporary art exhibitions per year. The HIVE programme ranges from supporting emerging contemporary artists to exhibiting
8428-439: The wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire , it is located between the cities of Sheffield , Manchester , Doncaster , Wakefield and Leeds ; the larger towns of Rotherham and Huddersfield are nearby. Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining , glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has
8526-434: The wolf and bear population. Following the abolition of the provinces as an administrative unit in 2009, the territory for each authority could be demarcated separately, i.e. police districts need not equal court districts in number. The title "härad" survives in the honorary title of herastuomari (Finnish) or häradsdomare (Swedish), which can be given to lay judges after 8–10 years of service. The term herred or herad
8624-531: The work of nationally and internationally known artists. Barnsley is home to a tradition of brass bands , which were originally created as social clubs for the mining communities. Grimethorpe Colliery Band , located in Grimethorpe , 5 miles (8 km) to the east of Barnsley, is perhaps the best known brass band in Britain. It rose to fame in the film Brassed Off and is now the 'artist in residence' at
8722-549: Was abolished and Barnsley became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in the new county of South Yorkshire, along with nine urban districts and parts of two rural districts of the surrounding area, including many towns and villages including Penistone and Cudworth. Elections to Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council have seen the Labour Party retain control of the council at every election. Following
8820-513: Was also home to the public library and shops; public meetings and celebrations were held in the hall; and education was provided. The School of Art occupied the Public Hall from 1878 to 1948, which was also used as first headquarters and billets for "Barnsley Pals" during World War I. In 1962 the building became Barnsley Civic Theatre, closing in 1998. The Civic was re-opened in March 2009 after
8918-415: Was applied rigidly when Mercia became part of the newly established English kingdom in the 10th century. The Hundred Ordinance , which dates to the middle of the century, provided that the court was to meet monthly, and thieves were to be pursued by all the leading men of the district. During Norman times, the hundred would pay geld based on the number of hides. To assess how much everyone had to pay,
9016-609: Was ended by the Riot (Damages) Act 1886 , when the cost was transferred to the county police rate. The jurisdiction of hundred courts was curtailed by the Administration of Justice Act 1977 . The steward of the Chiltern Hundreds is notable as a legal fiction , owing to a quirk of British Parliamentary law. A Crown Steward was appointed to maintain law and order in the area, but these duties ceased to be performed in
9114-503: Was formed in 1836 by taking the following hundreds from Baltimore County : North Hundred, Pipe Creek Hundred, Delaware Upper Hundred, Delaware Lower Hundred; and from Frederick County : Pipe Creek Hundred, Westminster Hundred, Unity Hundred, Burnt House Hundred, Piney Creek Hundred, and Taneytown Hundred. Maryland's Somerset County, which was established in 1666, was initially divided into six hundreds: Mattapony , Pocomoke, Boquetenorton, Wicomico, and Baltimore Hundreds; later subdivisions of
9212-459: Was formerly a Church of England church known as St.James'. The Parish covered Worsbrough Bridge and Ward Green. On High Street, Worsbrough Dale. The east elevation bears the inscriptions "AD 1903" and "Ebenezer Wesleyan Reform". There are also foundation stones either side of the doorway inscribed with "EBENEZER CHAPEL 1854". This suggests that the chapel was built in 1854 and extended upwards in 1903. The Barnsley Academy , before 2006 known as
9310-504: Was given to Kent County. In 1707 Queen Anne's County was created from the northern parts of Talbot County, reducing the latter to seven hundreds (Lower Kent Island Hundred becoming a part of the former). Of these, only Bay Hundred legally remains in existence, as a District 5 in Talbot County. The geographic region, which includes several unincorporated communities and part of present-day Saint Michaels , continues to be known by
9408-497: Was not present, by his representative. Apart from the judges there would be a clerk, an usher and sometimes two professional pleaders. The cantref court dealt with crimes, the determination of boundaries, and inheritance. The term hundare ( hundred ) was used in Svealand and present-day Finland. The name is assumed to mean an area that should organise 100 men to crew four rowed war boats, which each had 12 pairs of oars and
9506-521: Was the site of a human crush that resulted in the deaths of 16 children in 1908 , at a public hall now known as The Civic , when children were rushing to watch a film in the building. Barnsley has a long tradition of glass-making, however Barnsley is most famous for its coal mines. In 1960, there were 70 collieries within a 15-mile (24-kilometre) radius of Barnsley town centre, but the last of these closed in 1994. The National Union of Mineworkers still has its HQ in Barnsley. George Orwell mentioned
9604-548: Was used in Norway between 1863 and 1992 for rural municipalities, besides the term kommune (heradskommune). Today, only four municipalities in western Norway call themselves herad , as Ulvik and Kvam . Some Norwegian districts have the word herad in their name, of historical reasons - among them Krødsherad and Heradsbygd in eastern Norway. Counties in Delaware , New Jersey and Pennsylvania were divided into hundreds in
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