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106-460: Nicolelis, a Brazilian neuroscientist working at Duke University , who had been proposing the use of BMI in his laboratory since 2006, but had been exploring this area since 1999. He had demonstrated the viability of BMI alongside scientist John Chapin, in 2008, together with Gordon Cheng, in an experiment where they tested the first continental BMI, where an ape in North Carolina controlled

212-999: A marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus —designed largely by architect Julian Abele —incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot (64-meter) Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of elevation, is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) away, home to all first-years, contains Georgian -style architecture. The university administers two concurrent schools in Asia, Duke–NUS Medical School in Singapore (established in 2005) and Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China (established in 2013). Duke spends more than $ 1 billion per year on research. As of 2024 , 16 Nobel laureates and 3 Turing Award winners have been affiliated with

318-450: A rebranding of PLoS as PLOS, the journal changed its name to PLOS One . The number of papers published by PLOS One grew rapidly from inception to 2013 and has since declined somewhat. M By 2010, it was estimated to have become the largest journal in the world, and in 2011, 1 in 60 articles indexed by PubMed were published by PLOS One . By September 2017, PLOS One confirmed they had published over 200,000 articles. By November 2017,

424-645: A separate school in 1939. The university president's official residence, the J. Deryl Hart House , was completed in 1934. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the first Rose Bowl ever played outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942; the second such game was played in Arlington, Texas , in 2021, moved as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . During World War II, Duke was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in

530-538: A "white top and a black bottom" power structure, according to the former director of employee relations; the university's gradualist and arguably complacent approach to civil rights; high attrition rates for Black students; lack of unionization rights for nonacademic employees; lack of institutional power and self-determination for a Black studies department; "police harassment for Black students"; "racist living conditions"; and "tokenism of Black representation in university power structures" among others. Their underlying demand

636-575: A $ 9 million grant in December 2002 and $ 1 million grant in May 2006 for its financial sustainability and launch of new free-access biomedical journals. Later, PLOS One was launched in December 2006 as a beta version named PLOS One . It launched with commenting and note-making functionality, and added the ability to rate articles in July 2007. In September 2007, the ability to leave " trackbacks " on articles

742-606: A football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the French Family Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings. In April 2005, Duke and the National University of Singapore signed a formal agreement under which the two institutions would partner to establish Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore . Duke-NUS

848-566: A general gathering building called "Devil's Den", a restaurant known as "Devil's Bistro", a convenience store called Uncle Harry's, and the Mill Village. The Mill Village consists of a gym and group study rooms. In December 2016, Duke University purchased an apartment complex, now known as 300 Swift. Swift houses upperclassmen, in addition to the West Campus area, and is located between East and West Campus. Duke University Hospital

954-578: A global university in 1910 with the promotion of William Preston Few as the new president of Trinity College, who sought to establish the university as a southern counterpart to Yale and Harvard . In 1924, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke , established The Duke Endowment with a $ 40 million trust fund. Income from the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, and four colleges (including Trinity College). Few, who remained president of Trinity, insisted that

1060-943: A governing board, including a Duke representative who has veto power over any academic decision made by the board. In 2013, Duke Kunshan University (abbreviated "DKU"), a partnership between Duke University, Wuhan University , and the city of Kunshan, was established in Kunshan , China. The university runs Duke degree graduate programs and an undergraduate liberal arts college. Undergraduates are awarded degrees from both Duke Kunshan University and Duke University upon graduation and become members of Duke and DKU's alumni organizations. DKU conducted research projects on climate change , health-care policy and tuberculosis prevention and control. Duke University has 12 schools and institutes, three of which host undergraduate programs: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences , Pratt School of Engineering , and Duke Kunshan University . The university has "historical, formal, ongoing, and symbolic ties" with

1166-531: A journal they did not wish to name. The rejection letter concerned Ingleby and Head's paper about differences in PhD-to-postdoc transition between male and female scientists. The reviewer argued that the authors should "find one or two male biologists to work with" to ensure the manuscript does not drift into "ideologically biased assumptions", comments which the authors found to be "unprofessional and inappropriate" and veering into sexism . Shortly afterward,

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1272-597: A member of the PLOS ONE Editorial Board before publication. This pre-publication peer review will concentrate on technical rather than subjective concerns and may involve discussion with other members of the Editorial Board and/or the solicitation of formal reports from independent referees. If published, papers will be made available for community-based open peer review involving online annotation, discussion, and rating. According to Nature ,

1378-573: A new home, Environmental Hall, a five-story, glass-and-concrete building that incorporates the highest sustainable features and technologies, and meets or exceeds the criteria for LEED platinum certification. The School of Nursing in April 2014 opened a new 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m ) addition to the Christine Siegler Pearson Building. In summer 2014, a number of construction projects were completed. The project

1484-680: A nuclear lab, and a marine lab . Duke is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program . Admission to Duke is defined by U.S. News & World Report as "most selective." Duke received nearly 50,000 applications for the Class of 2025, with an overall acceptance rate of 6.2%. The yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend) for

1590-524: A project budgeted at R$ 33 million at the time (U$ S 15,305,489.56 in 2013), and funded by Finep . In 2012, in the process of creating the BRA-Santos Dumont exoskeleton for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , the project team recorded 1847 neurons simultaneously, something, until then, unprecedented. The next research project saw mice being able to sense tactile information from infrared light, as a possible new form of BMI communication. The following year,

1696-634: A robot in Kyoto . This was a precursor of the Walk Again Project. Previously, in 2000, Nicolelis had already demonstrated, in a publication in Nature , the possibility of a computer decoding an ape's brain signals in order to move a robotic arm. The project, which began in 2009, is a partnership between institutions in the US, Switzerland, Germany, and Brazil. In one of its first steps, published in 2011,

1802-440: A robot, and an exoskeleton. The experiment described above involved 6 men and 2 women: in four cases, the patients became “partially paralyzed”; a 32-year-old woman who had been paralyzed for more than a decade became able to walk with support after 13 months. One of the two women was able to become pregnant after restoring sensation inside and outside the body, as well as some men regaining sexual ability. The patients reported that

1908-428: A separate letter apologizing for the failure of peer review to address the issues with the article, PLOS One Editor-in-chief Joerg Heber said, "we have reached the conclusion that the study and resultant data reported in the article represent a valid contribution to the scientific literature. However, we have also determined that the study, including its goals, methodology, and conclusions, were not adequately framed in

2014-656: A seven-year fundraising campaign, raised $ 3.85 billion by August 2017. In 2014, Duke removed the name of Charles B. Aycock , a white-supremacist governor of North Carolina , from an undergraduate dormitory. It is now known as the East Residence Hall. On August 19, 2017, following the violent clashes at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia , the statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee

2120-449: A social media outrage storm does expedite a retraction. On August 27, 2018, the editors of PLOS One initiated a reevaluation of an article they published two weeks earlier submitted by Brown University School of Public Health assistant professor Lisa Littman. The study described a phenomenon of social contagion, or "cluster outbreaks" in gender dysphoria among young people, which Littman called "rapid-onset gender dysphoria". Data

2226-473: A study published on May 1, 2021, in Scientific Reports, two patients suffering from chronic paraplegia were shown to be able to walk on 70% of their own weight, in addition to taking 4580 steps, also with the help of non-invasive techniques. A study published in 2022 demonstrated the superior clinical effect that the use of non-invasive BMI has compared to putting patients on robots that don't have

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2332-402: A theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, several disc golf baskets, and a walking track as well as several academic buildings. The East Campus dorms are Alspaugh, Basset, Bell Tower, Blackwell, Brown, East House (formerly known as Aycock), Epworth, Gilbert-Addoms, Giles, West House (formerly known as Jarvis), Pegram, Randolph, Southgate, Trinity, and Wilson. Separated from downtown by a short walk,

2438-560: Is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from West Campus . Studies, Art History, History, Cultural Anthropology, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies are housed on East. Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program reside on East. The self-sufficient East Campus contains the freshmen residence halls, a dining hall, coffee shop, post office, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium,

2544-667: Is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina , United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established the Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke . The campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and

2650-762: Is a 957-acute care bed academic tertiary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina . Established in 1930, it is the flagship teaching hospital for Duke University Health System , a network of physicians and hospitals serving Durham County and Wake County, North Carolina , and surrounding areas, as well as one of three Level I referral centers for the Research Triangle of North Carolina (the other two are UNC Hospitals in nearby Chapel Hill and WakeMed Raleigh in Raleigh ). Duke University Health System combines Duke University School of Medicine , Duke University School of Nursing , Duke Clinic, and

2756-579: Is a predominant type of rock found through the Carolina Slate Belt. Duke stone and the Carolina Slate Belt, like the greater Carolina Terrane , are thought to have formed in the Iapetus Ocean off the coast of Gondwana by a chain of volcanic islands known as 'Carolinia', starting around 650 million years ago. The Carolina Slate Belt contains stone of both meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary origin. The geological literature finds

2862-481: Is built on several conceptually different ideas compared to traditional peer-reviewed scientific publishing in that it does not use the perceived importance of a paper as a criterion for acceptance or rejection. The idea is that, instead, PLOS One only verifies whether experiments and data analysis were conducted rigorously, and leaves it to the scientific community to ascertain importance, post publication, through debate and comment. Each submission will be assessed by

2968-686: Is exotic to the main North American ( Laurentia ) landmass. The Duke stone quarry now occupies a five-acre (2.0 ha) section of the Hillsboro Division of the Duke Forest. In new construction and repairs on Duke campus, the use of Duke stone is strictly regulated: "All stones shall be laid on their natural beds, with 20 percent of stone being split face and 80 percent seam face, mixed proportionately to show variations of stone coloring". In recent years, high cost of quarrying

3074-692: Is home to the Nasher Museum of Art , the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Center for Muslim Life, the Campus Police Department, Office of Disability Management, a Ronald McDonald House , and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central Campus has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, a sand volleyball court, a turf field, barbecue grills and picnic shelters,

3180-481: Is intended to complement the National University of Singapore's existing undergraduate medical school, and had its first entering class in 2007. The curriculum is based on that of Duke University School of Medicine . Sixty percent of matriculates are from Singapore and 40% are from over 20 countries. The school is part of the National University of Singapore system, but distinct in that it is overseen by

3286-695: Is part of the final phase of renovations to Duke's West Campus libraries that have transformed one of the university's oldest and most recognizable buildings into a state-of-the-art research facility. The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library reopened in August 2015 after about $ 60 million in renovations to the sections of the building built in 1928 and 1948. The renovations include more space, technology upgrades and new exhibits. In 2013, construction projects included transforming buildings like Gross Hall and Baldwin Auditorium, plus new construction such as

Walk Again Project - Misplaced Pages Continue

3392-564: Is situated between West Campus and Central Campus. The gardens occupy 55 acres (22 ha), divided into four major sections: the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and

3498-412: Is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution License . In the first four years following launch, it made use of over 40,000 external peer reviewers. The journal uses an international board of academic editors with over 6,000 academics handling submissions and publishes approximately 50 % of all submissions, after review by, on average, 2.9 experts. Registered readers can leave comments on articles on

3604-667: Is to be expected." After its initial formation, Duke stone underwent several metamorphic events, including the collision of Carolinia with Laurentia . The Carolinia-Laurentia collision started around 375 Mya, which coincides with timing of the Acadian orogeny that formed the Appalachian Mountains . Though Duke stone contains no fossils, other areas of the Carolina Terrane contain fossilized corals and trilobites that were used to establish that this formation

3710-652: The National Institutes of Health and at that time director of Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center ; Patrick O. Brown , a biochemist at Stanford University; and Michael Eisen , a computational biologist at the University of California, Berkeley , and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . Submissions are subject to an article processing charge and, according to the journal, papers are not to be excluded on

3816-484: The United Methodist Church , but is a nonsectarian and independent institution. Duke's endowment had a market value of $ 12.1 billion in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2022. The university's special academic facilities include an art museum , several language labs, Duke Forest, Duke Herbarium, a lemur center , a phytotron , a free-electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine,

3922-656: The V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission. In 1963 the Board of Trustees officially desegregated the undergraduate college. Duke enrolled its first black graduate students in 1961. The school did not admit Black undergraduates until September 1963. The teaching staff remained all-White until 1966. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at

4028-603: The 1930s. Duke students often refer to the West Campus as "the Gothic Wonderland", a nickname referring to the Collegiate Gothic architecture of West Campus , a style chosen by the Campus's founders after campus visits to the University of Chicago , Yale, and Princeton . Much of the campus was designed by Julian Abele , one of the first prominent African-American architects and the chief designer in

4134-897: The 2019–20 academic year was $ 54,255. In 2020, a study by the Chronicle of Higher Education ranked Duke first on its list of "Colleges That Are the Most Generous to the Financially Neediest Students." PLOS One PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE , and formerly PLoS ONE ) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006. The journal covers primary research from any discipline within science and medicine . The Public Library of Science began in 2000 with an online petition initiative by Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus , formerly director of

4240-511: The 50 world personalities of 2014”. On March 3, 2016, the team demonstrated the use of BMI on apes so that they could move wheelchairs using only their thoughts. On August 11 of the same year, a new study was published in Scientific Reports . Eight paraplegic patients, who had lost all movement in their lower limbs due to spinal cord injuries, experienced a partial neurological recovery after 12 months of training with virtual reality,

4346-545: The 7,044 acres (28.51 km ) Duke Forest. The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses and the Medical Center, which are all connected via a free bus service. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort , Duke owns 15 acres (61,000 m ) as part of its marine lab . One of the major public attractions on the main campus is the 54-acre (220,000 m ) Sarah P. Duke Gardens , established in

Walk Again Project - Misplaced Pages Continue

4452-631: The Class of 2023 was 54%. The Class of 2024 had a median ACT range of 34–35 and an SAT range of 1500–1570. (Test score ranges account for the 25th–75th percentile of accepted students.) From 2001 to 2011, Duke has had the sixth highest number of Fulbright , Rhodes , Truman , and Goldwater scholarships in the nation among private universities. The university practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs. About 50 percent of all Duke students receive some form of financial aid, which includes need-based aid, athletic aid, and merit aid. The average need-based grant for

4558-551: The Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8.0 km) of allées and paths throughout the gardens. Duke University Allen Building was the site of student protest in the late 1960s. In 1969, six years after the university began to allow African-American students to enroll, dozens of Black students overtook the Allen Building and barricaded themselves inside of it. Their justification included

4664-543: The Events Pavilion. About 125,000 sq ft (11,600 m ) was updated at Gross Hall, including new lighting and windows and a skylight. Baldwin's upgrades include a larger stage, more efficient air conditioning for performers and audience and enhanced acoustics that will allow for the space to be "tuned" to each individual performance. The 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m ) Events Pavilion opened to students in 2013 and serves as temporary dining space while

4770-652: The Publishing Innovation Award of the Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers . The award is given in recognition of a "truly innovative approach to any aspect of publication as adjudged from originality and innovative qualities, together with utility, benefit to the community and long-term prospects". In January 2010, it was announced that the journal would be included in the Journal Citation Reports , and

4876-475: The Sanford School of Public Policy). The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972. Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students. During this time it also became

4982-553: The Takeover as "one of the most pivotal moments in our university's history," claiming that the protestors "changed this place for the better and improved the lives of many who followed." Duke University Marine Laboratory , located in the town of Beaufort, North Carolina , is also technically part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on Pivers Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, 150 yards (140 m) across

5088-632: The U$ S 2.5 million prize from the National Institute of Health , becoming the first Brazilian to receive this award. For his research with BMI, in 2016 Nicolelis won the Daniel E. Noble Award in the category of emerging technologies. In 2019, the laboratory responsible for the project published a two-volume compilation of 20 years of scientific articles by the group, which can be downloaded free of charge. Duke University Duke University

5194-596: The Union Institute Academy in 1841 when North Carolina issued a charter. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851, and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church . In 1892, Trinity College moved to Durham , largely due to the generosity of Julian S. Carr and Washington Duke , powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco and electrical industries. Carr donated land in 1892 for

5300-694: The United States. Duke Chapel stands at the center of West Campus on the highest ridge. Constructed from 1930 to 1935 from Duke stone , the chapel seats 1,600 people and, at 210 feet (64 m) is one of the tallest buildings in Durham County . West Campus , considered the main campus of the university, houses the sophomores and juniors, along with some seniors. Most of the academic and administrative centers are located there. Main West Campus , with Duke Chapel at its center, contains

5406-479: The West Campus Union undergoes major renovations, expected to be completed in the spring of 2016. From February 2001 to November 2005, Duke spent $ 835 million on 34 major construction projects as part of a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence". Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, the Nasher Museum of Art ,

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5512-492: The adolescents themselves. On March 19, 2019, PLOS One completed its review. PLOS One psychology academic editor Angelo Brandelli Costa acted as a reviewer criticizing the methods and conclusion of the study in a formal comment, saying, "The level of evidence produced by the Dr. Littman's study cannot generate a new diagnostic criterion relative to the time of presentation of the demands of medical and social gender affirmation." In

5618-502: The area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972. Central Campus, consisting of 122 acres (0.49 km ) between East and West campuses, housed around 1,000 sophomores, juniors, and seniors, as well as around 200 professional students in double or quadruple apartments. However, the housing of undergraduates on Central Campus ended after the 2018–2019 school year and the respective buildings were demolished. Central Campus

5724-539: The authors' protests, the article was retracted . A less sympathetic explanation for the use of "Creator" was suggested to The Chronicle of Higher Education by Chinese-language experts who noted that the academic editor listed on the paper, Renzhi Han, previously worked at the Chinese Evangelical Church in Iowa City. Sarah Kaplan of The Washington Post presented a detailed analysis of

5830-513: The basis of lack of perceived importance or adherence to a scientific field. All submissions go through a pre-publication review by a member of the board of academic editors, who can elect to seek an opinion from an external reviewer. In January 2010, the journal was included in the Journal Citation Reports and received its first impact factor of 4.4. Its 2023 impact factor is 2.9. PLOS One papers are published under Creative Commons licenses . The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation awarded PLOS

5936-478: The birthplace of the first Physician Assistant degree program in the United States. Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union building was fully constructed two years later. In 1986 the men's soccer team captured Duke's first National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship, and the men's basketball team followed shortly thereafter with championships in 1991 and 1992 , then again in 2001 , 2010 , and 2015 . Duke Forward,

6042-454: The building (it was widely understood by students and administration that the police would have likely brutally beat and possibly killed the unarmed Black students), the students exited with their trenchcoats over their faces. Meanwhile, white students and faculty had formed a human shield around the building and a brawl between the police and students ensued, sending a handful of students to the hospital. University president Vincent Price labelled

6148-580: The campus eateries and sports facilities – including the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadium – are on West Campus . East Campus , the original location of Duke after it moved to Durham, functions as a first-year campus, housing the university's freshmen dormitories as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995–96 academic year, all freshmen—and only freshmen, except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants—have lived on East Campus , an effort to build class unity. The campus encompasses 172 acres (700,000 m ) and

6254-521: The channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938. The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories. In May 2014, the newly built Orrin H. Pilkey Marine Research Laboratory

6360-464: The fee for authors who do not have sufficient funds. PLoS had been operating at a loss until 2009 but covered its operational costs for the first time in 2010, largely due to the growth of PLOS One . The success of PLOS One has inspired a series of other open access journals, including some other mega journals having broad scope, low selectivity, and a pay-to-publish model using Creative Commons licenses . In September 2009, PLOS One received

6466-482: The history of the article in Nature on " water memory " that was not retracted either. Jonathan Eisen , chair of the advisory board of a sister journal PLOS Biology and an advocate for open-access , commended PLOS One for their prompt response on social media , which in his words "most journals pretend doesn't even exist". David Knutson issued a statement about the paper processing at PLOS One , which praised

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6572-414: The importance of post-publication peer review and described their intention to offer open signed reviews in order to ensure accountability of the process. From March 2 to 9, the research article received a total of 67 post-publication reader comments and 129 responses on PLOS One site. Signe Dean of SBS put #CreatorGate in perspective: it is not the most scandalous retraction in science, yet it shows how

6678-511: The industry-wide averages for biology-related journals. The average acceptance rates for manuscripts submitted in 2020 and 2021 ranges from 47.9 to 49.9%. [1] The founding managing editor was Chris Surridge. He was succeeded by Peter Binfield in March 2008, who was publisher until May 2012. Damian Pattinson then held the chief editorial position until December 2015. Joerg Heber was as editor-in-chief from November 2016 before Emily Chenette took over in that position in March 2021. PLOS One

6784-429: The institution be renamed Duke University to honor the family's generosity and to distinguish it from the myriad other colleges and universities carrying the "Trinity" name. At first, James B. Duke thought the name change would come off as self-serving, but eventually, he accepted Few's proposal as a memorial to his father. Money from the endowment allowed the university to grow quickly. Duke's original campus, East Campus,

6890-409: The journal Scientific Reports overtook PLOS One in terms of output. At PLOS One , the median review time has grown from 37 days to 125 days over the first ten years of operation, according to Himmelstein's analysis, done for Nature . The median between acceptance and posting a paper on the site has decreased from 35 to 15 days over the same period. Both numbers for 2016 roughly correspond to

6996-417: The journal received an impact factor of 4.411 in 2010. According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.9.. The articles are indexed in: On April 29, 2015, Fiona Ingleby and Megan Head, postdoctoral fellows at the University of Sussex and Australian National University respectively, posted a rejection letter, which they said was sent to them by a peer reviewer for

7102-415: The journal was reported to be PLOS One . By May 1, PLOS had announced that it was severing ties with the reviewer responsible for the comments and asking the editor who relayed them to step down. PLOS One also issued an apology statement following the incident. On March 3, 2016, the editors of PLOS One initiated a reevaluation of an article about the functioning of the human hand due to outrage among

7208-537: The journal's aim is to "challenge academia 's obsession with journal status and impact factors ". Being an online-only publication allows PLOS One to publish more papers than a print journal. In an effort to facilitate publication of research on topics outside, or between, traditional science categories, it does not restrict itself to a specific scientific area. Papers published in PLOS One can be of any length, contain full color throughout, and contain supplementary materials such as multimedia files. Reuse of articles

7314-408: The journal's readership over a reference to "Creator" inside the paper. The authors, who received grants from the Chinese National Basic Research Program and National Natural Science Foundation of China for this work, responded by saying "Creator" is a poorly-translated idiom ( 造化 ( 者 ); lit.   ' that which creates or transforms ' ) which means "nature" in the Chinese language. Despite

7420-453: The largest in the nation, Duke Forest demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometeorological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study. More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to

7526-404: The majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning 720 acres (2.9 km ), includes Science Drive, which is the location of science and engineering buildings. The residential quads on West Campus are Craven Quad, Crowell Quad, Edens Quad, Few Quad, Keohane Quad, Kilgo Quad, and Wannamaker Quad. Most of

7632-506: The member hospitals into a system of research, clinical care, and education. In early 2012, Duke Cancer Center opened next to Duke Hospital in Durham. The patient care facility consolidates nearly all of Duke's outpatient clinical care services. Duke Forest, established in 1931, consists of 7,044 acres (28.51 km ) in six divisions, just west of West Campus . The largest private research forest in North Carolina and one of

7738-512: The nerves. In 2018, in an article published in PLOS One , the project demonstrated seven complete paraplegic patients becoming partial paraplegics due to the 28-month-long training with the BMI. In 2019, in a study published in Scientific Reports , three paraplegic patients tested the “brain–muscle interface”, where small electrical charges in their legs helped them to move without an exoskeleton. In

7844-484: The offices of architect Horace Trumbauer . The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. The freshmen campus, known as East Campus , is composed of buildings in the Georgian architecture style. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed Duke among the most beautiful college campuses in

7950-458: The original Durham campus, which is now known as East Campus . At the same time, Washington Duke gave the school $ 85,000 ($ 2,880,000 adjusted for inflation) for an initial endowment and construction costs—later augmenting his generosity with three separate $ 100,000 contributions in 1896, 1899, and 1900—with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men." Duke would accelerate its mission to become

8056-406: The pre-metamorphosis origin of Duke stone to be variously volcanic and sedimentary: it was likely originally formed by sedimentation of volcanic material. A USGS geologist concludes: "The Duke quarry phyllite was derived from argillite, tuff or tuffaceous sandstone, and volcanic breccia . Occurrence of laminated argillites suggests marine deposition. … There is insufficient evidence to determine if

8162-449: The problem, which she named #CreatorGate , and concluded that the journal's hasty retraction may have been an even bigger offense than the publication of the paper in the first place. To contrast PLOS One ' s handling of the problem, she used a 12-year history of retraction of the fraudulent paper on vaccine and autism by The Lancet and the lack of a retraction of a debunked study on " arsenic life " by Science . Others added

8268-545: The project received authorization to test the exoskeleton in Brazil, with volunteers from the Association for Assistance to Disabled Children  [ pt ] testing the equipment since the beginning of November 2013. When he returned to Brazil for the project, Nicolelis found that the patients did not want to undergo surgery as a way of regaining movement. This led his team to develop non-invasive techniques that were able to help patients chronically, something, according to

8374-463: The project team made a monkey control a mechanical arm and receive tactile information from this tool, including in the virtual world, with the team's research being welcomed "as an important advance by the scientific community", according to Veja magazine. That year, in his book “Beyond boundaries”, Nicolelis described his plan to make a patient take the opening kick of the FIFA World Cup, in

8480-603: The provision, noting that it had been the only limitation he had ever put on a donation to the college. A woman's residential dormitory was built in 1897 and named the Mary Duke Building, after Washington Duke's daughter. By 1904, 54 women were enrolled in the college. In 1930, the Woman's College was established as a coordinate to the men's undergraduate college, which had been established and named Trinity College in 1924. According to Duke University Human Rights Center,

8586-408: The public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding. Duke Lemur Center , located inside Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered strepsirrhine primates. Founded in 1966, Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (34 ha) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs , galagos and lorises . The Sarah P. Duke Gardens , established in the early 1930s,

8692-460: The published version, and that these needed to be corrected." The paper was republished with updated Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Discussion, and Conclusion sections, but the Results section was mostly unchanged. In her correction, Littman emphasized that the article was "a study of parental observations which serves to develop hypotheses", saying "Rapid-onset gender dysphoria (ROGD)

8798-431: The relocation of the college in 1892, the board of trustees voted to again allow women to be formally admitted to classes as day students. At the time of Washington Duke's donation in 1896, which carried the requirement that women be placed "on an equal footing with men" at the college, four women were enrolled; three of the four were faculty members' children. In 1903 Washington Duke wrote to the board of trustees withdrawing

8904-626: The same technology. Between 2023 and 2024, Nicolelis began to criticize the company Neuralink , founded by two of his former students. He raised ethical concerns about how the company works, as well as criticizing the way they advertised as new a type of research that Nicolelis' team had already carried out over the previous two decades. Also in 2023, Nicolelis announced the creation of the Nicolelis Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, which aims to bring low-cost solutions, based on BMI, to

9010-430: The school's "policy in the 1920s excluded blacks from admissions and also restricted blacks from using certain campus facilities such as the dining halls and dorm housing ... In 1948, a group of divinity school students petitioned the divinity school to desegregate – the first concerted effort to push for the desegregation of Duke's admission policy." Engineering , which had been taught at Duke since 1903, became

9116-485: The scientist, “that had never been done in decades of research and treatment of spinal cord injuries.” In 2013, the project team revealed that they had been able to make two rhesus monkeys control two virtual arms, using only their thoughts. The research was published in Science Translational Medicine . In March 2014 the two exoskeletons were already in Brazil. The initial contact with FIFA

9222-589: The stone, and the irregular knapped ashlar shapes with its associated high stonemasonry costs has led to the university establishing a mix of bricks to imitate the Duke stone colors. A number of construction projects in recent years include renovations to Duke Chapel, Wallace Wade Stadium (football) and Cameron Indoor Stadium (basketball). In early 2014, the Nicholas School of the Environment opened

9328-425: The three players innocent. Cooper stated that the charged players were victims of a "tragic rush to accuse." The District Attorney, Mike Nifong , was subsequently disbarred. In 2019, Duke paid $ 112.5 million to settle False Claims Act allegations related to scientific research misconduct. A researcher at the school was falsifying or fabricating research data in order to win grants for financial gain. The researcher

9434-452: The treatment had improved their quality of life. The researchers were surprised by the improvements, since the damage to the spinal cord would have prevented the brain from communicating with the rest of the body. Nicolelis then theorized, still without evidence via imaging tests, that the immersion and mental focus on the training would have stimulated brain plasticity, possibly causing the brain to transmit information through what remained of

9540-719: The treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases for 1 billion people. The first hub will be created in Milan, Italy, developed with the IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , as announced in March 2024. Unrelated to “Walking Again”, on July 9, 2015, two studies were published in Scientific Reports, demonstrating brain–brain interaction , inside the concept of Brainet . In 2010, Nicolelis won

9646-549: The university in 1925. Comptroller Brown, who oversaw the planning and construction of the Gothic buildings, wrote that Duke stone "is much warmer and softer in coloring than the Princeton, and it will look very much older and have a much more attractive antique effect." Duke stone is a type of Carolina 'slate' or 'bluestone', a metamorphic phyllite rock, with both andesite and dacite mineral composition. Dacitic phyllite

9752-679: The university in November 1964 on the progress of the Civil Rights Movement . Following Douglas Knight 's resignation from the office of university president, Terry Sanford , the former governor of North Carolina, was elected president of the university in 1969, propelling The Fuqua School of Business ' opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs (now

9858-593: The university. Duke alumni also include 50 Rhodes Scholars . Duke is the alma mater of one president of the United States ( Richard Nixon ) and 14 living billionaires. Duke first opened in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in Randolph County, North Carolina , in the present-day town of Trinity . Organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers , Brown's Schoolhouse became

9964-575: The use of stone from the Princeton quarry, but the plans were later amended to purchase a local quarry in Hillsborough to reduce costs. After a search for a locally sourced stone suitable for construction in a style "that made it look like the university was growing out of the ground, like it had been here forever," Duke stone and its source quarry in Hillsborough were identified by Duke University Comptroller Frank Clyde Brown and purchased by

10070-541: The volcanic material was deposited directly by igneous action or if it was re-worked by sedimentary processes. Presence of lava flows and very coarse breccias in Orange County suggest that the volcanic centers were relatively near." A UNC geologist concurred that "original features of the phyllite have been obscured by deformation and recrystallization, but the rock apparently was derived from argillites and tuffs," and that "sedimentary reworking of volcanic materials

10176-527: The website. As with all journals of the Public Library of Science, open access to PLOS One is financed by an article processing charge , typically paid by the author's institution or by the author. This model allows PLOS journals to make all articles available to the public for free immediately upon publication. As of April 2021, PLOS One charges a publication fee of $ 1,745 to publish an article. Depending on circumstances, it may waive or reduce

10282-458: The world network, which was the subject of controversy. The Walk Again team, made up of 150–156 people for the World Cup, had no control over image production, but the rest of the project was carried out successfully. The “ MIT Technology Review ” listed the exoskeleton as one of the “main failures” in technology in 2014, something Nicolelis refuted, while “ The Verge ” identified him as “one of

10388-548: Was "to be taken seriously as human beings and to be treated as any respected human being would be treated." Provost Marcus E. Hobbes complained that the African-American students "wanted to run the University." At around 8 a.m., these students entered the Allen Building, asked everyone inside to leave and promptly barricaded themselves inside. The university called the police and, almost before law enforcement entered

10494-500: Was added. In August 2008, the journal moved from a weekly to a daily publication schedule, publishing articles as soon as they became ready. PLOS One came out of "beta" in October 2008. In September 2009, as part of its article-level metrics program, PLOS One made its full online usage data, including HTML page views and PDF or XML download statistics, publicly available for every published article. In mid-2012, as part of

10600-468: Was arrested in 2013 on charges of embezzling funds from the university. The scheme was exposed by the allegations made through a lawsuit, filed by a whistleblower, who had worked as a Duke employee, and discovered the false data. In response to the misconduct settlement, Duke established an advisory panel of academics from Caltech , Stanford and Rockefeller University . Based on the recommendations of this panel, Duke Office of Scientific Integrity (DOSI)

10706-430: Was dedicated. The distinctive stone used for West Campus and other Duke buildings is said to have seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color. The use of Duke stone has been given partial credit for the university's success: "Duke in fact became a great university in part because it looked like one from the start". During the planning of the Collegiate Gothic buildings, James B. Duke initially suggested

10812-414: Was established under the leadership of Lawrence Carin, an engineering professor who is one of the world's leading experts on machine learning and artificial intelligence The establishment of this office brings Duke's research practices in line with those at peer institutions like Johns Hopkins University . Duke University currently owns 256 buildings on 8,693 acres (35.18 km ) of land, which includes

10918-424: Was made in 2012, but the plan to give the inaugural kick, which would even involve the patient getting up from his wheelchair and crossing 25 meters of the pitch, was abandoned by the entity. Nicolelis has been aware of the time limitation since March. 2014. In the end the demonstration, carried out by the patient Juliano Alves Pinto during the 2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony , was reduced to just three seconds on

11024-529: Was obtained from a survey placed on three websites for concerned parents of children with gender dysphoria, asking for responses from parents whose children had experienced "sudden or rapid development of gender dysphoria beginning between the ages of 10 and 21". The study was criticized by transgender activists like Julia Serano and medical professionals like developmental and clinical psychologist Diane Ehrensaft, as being politicized and having self-selected samples, as well as lacking clinical data or responses from

11130-523: Was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian -style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Collegiate Gothic -style buildings on the campus one mile (1.6 km) west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935. In 1878, Trinity (in Randolph County) awarded A.B. degrees to three sisters—Mary, Persis, and Theresa Giles—who had studied both with private tutors and in classes with men. With

11236-604: Was removed from the entrance to Duke University Chapel, after having been vandalized by protesters. In August 2020, the first undergraduates from Duke Kunshan University arrived for their study abroad on Duke's campus. Due to COVID-19, Chinese Duke undergraduate and graduate students unable to travel to the United States were reciprocally hosted at Duke Kunshan campus. In 2006, three men's lacrosse team members were falsely accused of rape , which garnered significant media attention . On April 11, 2007, North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper dropped all charges and declared

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