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61-830: The main town, consisting of the Old Town ( Altstadt ) and the New Town ( Neustadt ) and bearing the same name as the whole town, is a hill town. While the Old Town lies in the Diemel Valley, the New Town rises on the heights above the Diemel. The Warburg municipal area borders in the west on the Sauerland and in the northwest on the Eggegebirge foothills, while in the north and northeast the Warburger Börde abuts

122-415: A close watch could be kept on the ford that merchants had to cross going to Warburg and Paderborn . This ford on the Diemel was a crossroads of several ancient commercial roads and was crucial in the town's development into a central place. The Warburg New Town was founded in 1228–29 by Bernhard IV. zur Lippe , Bishop of Paderborn, to bolster his political position in the Diemel area against encroachment by

183-681: A double wall are to be seen. Under the town gate stands the Bishop of Paderborn with a staff. The circumscription reads: "Sigillium burgensium in wartborch" . The Great Letter is written in Middle Low German , the Hanseatic League's language, and stands as a substantial legal document. Hitherto, the Old Town's and the New Town's council meetings had each been taking place in their respective town halls, each on their respective marketplaces. Now, however, there were two mayors . This

244-613: A famous German neurologist . Yet another famous townsman was Emil Herz, a publisher at the Ullstein-Verlag (until the Nazis forced him out as the company's director in 1934, after he had worked there for 30 years), who described in his book something of Jewish life in Warburg. There is still a Jewish cemetery in Warburg today. The synagogue , which stood in the Old Town, was destroyed on Kristallnacht (9 November 1938). In

305-432: A lawyer and politician who aimed to define classic French cuisine . While the work contains some flamboyant recipes, it goes into the theory of preparation of French dishes and hospitality. According to Brillat-Savarin: "Gastronomy is the knowledge and understanding of all that relates to man as he eats. Its purpose is to ensure the conservation of men, using the best food possible." Many writings on gastronomy throughout

366-590: A middle centre in an area shaped by agriculture . Of the two former great food producers, the Warburg canning plant and sugar factory, only the latter remains. The biggest fields of industry nowadays are automotive technology, steel and machine building, chemicals, woodworking and packaging. Since 1721, brewing rights have been held by the Kohlschein family, known as Warburg-Beer (german: Warburger Bier ) with variety of different beer-specialities. At Warburg, Federal Highways ( Bundesstraßen ) B 7 and B 252 cross. On

427-603: A much broader, interdisciplinary ground. Pascal Ory, a French historian, defines gastronomy as the establishment of rules of eating and drinking, an "art of the table", and distinguishes it from good cooking ( bonne cuisine ) or fine cooking ( haute cuisine ). Ory traces the origins of gastronomy back to the French reign of Louis XIV when people took interest in developing rules to discriminate between good and bad style and extended their thinking to define good culinary taste. The lavish and sophisticated cuisine and practices of

488-517: A new greater town of Warburg. Also, the districts of Warburg and Höxter were united, taking the latter's name. In 1983, Warburg became a founding member of the Wesphalian Hanseatic League ( Westfälischer Hansebund ). The lands around Warburg's constituent community of Welda, once a border town between Westphalia , Waldeck and Hesse , have yielded forth archaeological evidence of a Celtic presence. It has been confirmed that

549-549: Is a major winter sport resort. The name Sauerland is first mentioned as Suderland in an official document from 1266. After 1400 the letter 'd' started to disappear. Therefore, Sauerland = southern country is the most convincing meaning, opposed to the theory that Sauer is from the German word sauer meaning sour (poor "sour" soil). Linguistically, "suder-“ is similar to the Old Saxon sûðar (southbound). Before 1800

610-558: Is a rural, hilly area spreading across most of the south-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia , in parts heavily forested and, apart from the major valleys, sparsely inhabited. The Sauerland is the largest tourist region in North Rhine-Westphalia, in particular for mountain biking and cycling, water sports and scenic recreation. The town and Skiliftkarussell of Winterberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis

671-814: Is believed to have been a parish in Wormeln by about 780, with church patrons Simon the Zealot and Judah . Wormeln had its first documentary mention in 1018 in a donation document from Count Dodiko to Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn . About 1246, the Counts of Everstein founded the Wormeln Cistercian Convent of the "Nuns of the Grey Order" Cistercians . On 16 September 1810, Jérôme Bonaparte , King of Westphalia in Napoleonic times, decreed

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732-805: Is part of the Rhine Massif ( Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ) including 'Bergisches Land', Westerwald , Siegerland , and, separated by the Rhine valley, the Eifel , Hohes Venn and Hunsrück . The Rheinisches Schiefergebirge was subjected to folding and faulting in the Variscan orogeny in Carboniferous times and eroded to a peneplain in the Permian . The tectonic uplift to the present-day low mountain range began approximately 500,000 years ago and

793-469: Is still going on. Most of the bedrock underneath the Sauerland originates from a Middle and Upper Devonian period, when it was under a marginal and shallow sea. This has meant that slates , sandstones and greywackes are the most abundant rock types in the Sauerland. In some areas limestones from an ancient reef fringe prevail and are karstified . The Sauerland has several caves, especially in

854-510: The Bishop of Cologne . About 1239, the New Town had been built into a complete town in its own right, and the townsfolk there had full civil rights after the Dortmund and Marsberg models. In 1260, the New Town was granted the right to build a town wall, not only against armies from afar, but even – expressly – against the Old Town. In 1364, both the Old Town and the New Town became members of

915-654: The Duke of Broglie . The Prussians and their allies won, killing 8,000 French soldiers while losing only 1,500 themselves, leaving them free to sack the town. A tower on the Desenberg recalls the Battle of Warburg . On 3 August 1802, Prussian troops came into Warburg in anticipation of the decisions of German Mediatisation ( Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ). From 1807 to 1813, in the Napoleonic Era, Warburg belonged to

976-543: The Eurasian eagle-owl , the great grey shrike , the red-backed shrike and the whinchat . There have been reports of free-roaming wolves , which had been wiped out in Germany until a few specimens returned to the country in 2000. In 2007, Cyclone Kyrill caused severe damage to the coniferous forests. In addition, massive outbreaks of bark beetles have been killing up to 60 % by area of forest in some regions of

1037-543: The Hanseatic League . By 1436, they had forgotten their differences, uniting that year into one town. The two towns, the Old Town and the New Town, joined in 1436 into one town. In Der Grote Breff ("The Great Letter"), the newly united town's constitution was precisely framed and sealed. Both former towns' seals are to be seen on the Great Letter. On the cast seal (in the picture), two defensive towers with

1098-693: The Kingdom of Westphalia . After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Warburg was once again assigned to Prussia. The next year, it became a district seat. In 1850, the railway from Hamm was opened. In 1892 – 244 years after it had ended – Warburg at last paid off the last of the debts that it had incurred because of the Thirty Years' War. In 1933, at the March elections, the Centre Party won 67.2% of

1159-727: The Regio Citadis tram-train runs to Kassel Main Railway Station (Kassel Hauptbahnhof). The surrounding towns are served by regional buses. The town belongs to the Paderborn-Höxter Local Transport Association ( Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter ). When travelling towards Hesse, the North Hesse Transport Association ( Nordhessischer Verkehrsverbund or NVV) tariffs apply. Also easily reached are

1220-845: The Ruhr area industrialisation and the mining of its coal took place. Today there are only a few remains of this early heavy industry ; wire production is still important in Altena and a number of small factories still occupy the old industrial areas. Warsteiner is Germany's largest privately owned brewery. Sauerland has become a popular tourist area, attracting many visitors from the Ruhr Area and relatively close Netherlands. The forests and picturesque small towns are attractive for hikers and outdoor sports. There are more than 30,000 km (19,000 mi) of tagged hiking trails in Sauerland region maintained by Sauerland hiking association (SGV). Some of

1281-533: The Sacktor was built around 1300. Until 1830, the town castle had about ten city towers and nine city gates. In the walls of the old town, there were five gates and four in the new town, of which only the Sacktor and the Johannistor have been preserved. Between 1801 and 1840, the other gates were taken down. The last municipal election took place on 13 September 2020. Winners with an absolute majority were

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1342-415: The 5,000 people in the town were. The sharp upswing in the population as a whole was due to migration from the countryside, industries setting up shop in town, and railway operations. In the 16th century, the Warburg family - originally from Venice de la Banca, Abraham de Palenzuela Levi Kahana- took the town's name as their own and moved in the second half of the 18th century to Altona ( Hamburg ), where

1403-679: The Alps is the Atta Cave in Attendorn . The Sauerland can be reached by car or train. The drive either via the BAB 4 from Cologne or via the BAB 45 and BAB 46 from Dortmund , takes about one hour; from Kassel or Frankfurt - Rhine-Main (via the Sauerlandlinie ) the journey takes about two hours. The closest commercial airport is Dortmund Airport . In the region, railways were once

1464-561: The CDU. The next election is in 2025. Warburg's mayor is Tobias Scherf (CDU), elected in September 2020. Council seat distribution: Warburg's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In azure a fleur-de-lis argent. Warburg's oldest town seals are from 1254 and 1257, and show a bishop – likely the Bishop of Paderborn – standing in a gateway. The fleur-de-lis charge seen in today's arms originally appeared on coins minted in

1525-503: The Diemel area. The name Warburg was first mentioned in a document sometime around 1010, although archaeological finds have established that there were already people living in what is now Warburg by protohistoric times. The first definite documentary mention came in 1036. In the 11th century there was on the Warburger Burgberg ("Castle Mountain") the "Wartburg", under whose protection people came and settled. The castle

1586-480: The French court became the culinary model for the French. Alexandre Grimod de La Reynière wrote the gastronomic work Almanach des gourmands (1803), elevating the status of food discourse to a disciplined level based on his views of French tradition and morals. Grimod aimed to reestablish order lost after the revolution and institute gastronomy as a serious subject in France. Grimod expanded gastronomic literature to

1647-474: The Mediterranean in the form of a poem called "Gastronomy", according to Chrysippus of Tyana ; only fragmentary quotations remain. The word is a compound of Greek γαστρ(ο)- 'stomach' and νόμος lit. 'custom', modeled on 'astronomy'. It was revived in 1801 as the title of a poem by Joseph Berchoux  [ fr ] . It was Brillat-Savarin , in his Physiologie du goût (1825) who systematized

1708-596: The Middle Ages, the castle was mostly surrounded by a double wall ring, through which the old and new city gates lead to the breachstone. The old town's citizens first erected the connection wall of the castle to the Johannistor-Tower . Because of height of the castle mountain the Chattenturm was constructed. The round Sackturm (Saxon tower) next to the Sacktor (Saxon Gate) was erected in 1443 while

1769-401: The Sauerland as well as, to a minor extent, the limestones are still exploited in numerous quarries. Some of these caves are now becoming modest attractions to tourists. Several areas of the Sauerland have the status of biological reserves. The biodiversity of the Sauerland is significant. It is the main habitat of many species within Germany, for example for the wisent , the black stork ,

1830-403: The Sauerland. The largest town of the Sauerland is Iserlohn ; other larger towns are Lüdenscheid and Arnsberg . Meschede is the home of an abbey. Another abbey is placed at Bestwig . Parts of the Sauerland, especially the major valleys in the northwest, represent an old industrial region. The availability of iron ore and the abundance of wood and water allowed iron production long before

1891-596: The area were sacked and destroyed, impoverishing the town. In 1622, the town was captured by Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt , who is sometimes called in German der tolle Christian – "Christian the Mad". By 1628, the town was changing overlords and occupation armies repeatedly as the war dragged on, ending up in Imperial hands by the time the war ended in 1648. On 5 June 1695, Johann Conrad Schlaun

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1952-407: The art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome , while a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of

2013-657: The biggest reservoirs being the Möhne and Bigge . Although the highest elevation of the Sauerland is the Langenberg (843 m) near Olsberg , the much more renowned summit, which is well known for the nearby skiing facilities, its weather station and observation tower, is the slightly lower Kahler Asten (842 m) near Winterberg . Both Langenberg and Kahler Asten are peaks in the Rothaargebirge mountains. The Sauerland has six reservoir lakes. The Sauerland

2074-595: The brothers Moses Marcus and Gerson Warburg built up the Bankinstitut M&;M Warburg in 1798. From this family also came the natural scientists Otto and Emil Warburg the art historian and cultural theorist Abraham Moritz Warburg, better known as Aby Warburg , who founded the Warburg Institute. Another well known Warburg Jewish family were the Oppenheims, among whom was Hermann Oppenheim ,

2135-567: The convent's dissolution. (each time at 31 December) During the Saxon Wars in the 8th century the area round the Diemel was incorporated into the Frankish realm . Beside other places Warburg is presumed to be the location were the Irminsul , an old Saxon sacred pillar. The Austrian abbot Sturmius proselytized the area around the Diemel and Weser in 774. So the area around Warburg

2196-582: The first structures of modern fire brigades were taking shape as "dousing and spraying teams". These were the beginnings of the Ossendorf and Scherfede fire brigades. After the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), it was veterans who had the idea of setting up volunteer fire brigades after the French example of the pompiers . Thus arose the Wormeln fire brigade. Sauerland The Sauerland ( German: [ˈzaʊɐlant] )

2257-479: The form of preserved Renaissance buildings, was built right on the former boundary between the two former towns, with two separate entrances for Altstädter and Neustädter ("Old Towners" and "New Towners"). In 1902–03, it was expanded with a half-timbered floor. It stands right where a gate, the Liebfrauentor (roughly, "Gate of Our Lady"), once stood. In the Middle Ages, this was the only gateway between

2318-487: The latter, one may reach the Warburg interchange on Autobahn A 44 ( Kassel - Dortmund ), which not much farther on meets the A 7 near Kassel and the A 33 near Wuennenberg. Warburg station lies on the Ruhr area -Kassel ( InterCityExpress , InterCity and RegionalBahn trains) and Hagen -Warburg regional lines: RE17 Hagen – Schwerte – Brilon -Wald – Kassel -Wilhelmshöhe and RB89 Rheine – Münster – Hamm – Paderborn – Warburg (Westfalen-Bahn). Furthermore,

2379-401: The most important means of transportation, but between 1950 and 1990 many smaller branch lines were closed and rail travel is now only present in the major valleys. The most important lines are: 51°15′00″N 8°00′00″E  /  51.2500°N 8.0000°E  / 51.2500; 8.0000 Gastronomy Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture ,

2440-426: The northern part, the biggest caves being in Attendorn and Balve . In some areas of the Sauerland the occurrence of lead - zinc - silver - ores lead to the development of a considerable mining industry, the center of which was the town of Meggen . Mining in this area lasted until the late second half of the 20th century, today there is no active mining in the Sauerland. The sandstones, greywackes and quartzites of

2501-631: The old Amt of Warburg-Land were amalgamated with Warburg, namely the Amt administration building on Kasseler Straße, which was forsaken by the district authorities in favour of the Behördenhaus ("Authority House") on Bahnhofstraße. In the early 17th century, Warburg was a well known and rich trading town. Outside the town walls rose "die Hüffert" as a new part of the town. In the Thirty Years' War , great parts of die Hüffert and other villages in

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2562-468: The restaurant satisfied these social needs and provided good food available for popular consumption. The center of culinary excellence in France shifted from Versailles to Paris, a city with a competitive and innovative culinary culture. The culinary commentary of Grimod and other gastronomes influenced the tastes and expectations of consumers in an unprecedented manner as a third party to the consumer-chef interaction. The French origins of gastronomy explain

2623-641: The stark contrast to the rest of the adjoining Hessian landscape. To the west the hills continue into the Bergisches Land , to the south into the Siegerland , and to the north-east into the Teutoburg Forest . The major rivers of the Sauerland are the Ruhr and the Lenne . Several artificial lakes were created on the smaller rivers by building dams to store water for the nearby Ruhr area ,

2684-406: The study of food and cooking under this name. Gastronomy involves discovering, tasting, experiencing, researching, understanding and writing about food preparation and the sensory qualities of human nutrition as a whole. It also studies how nutrition interfaces with the broader culture. The biological and chemical basis of cooking has become known as molecular gastronomy , while gastronomy covers

2745-451: The three forms of the genre: the guidebook, the gastronomic treatise, and the gourmet periodical. The invention of gastronomic literature coincided with important cultural transformations in France that increased the relevance of the subject. The end of nobility in France changed how people consumed food; fewer wealthy households employed cooks and the new bourgeoisie class wanted to assert their status by consuming elitist food. The emergence of

2806-527: The town and in the south stretches the Diemel Valley. Warburg consists of the following 16 centres: In the 4th millennium BC , there was a megalith culture in the Warburg area. In the 1st century AD, there were Germanic settlers south of the Desenberg. In the 8th century, there was a Saxon noble seat west of the town. In the 8th and 9th centuries came the Christianization of the Saxons in

2867-432: The town, beginning in 1227. Smaller town seals in the 14th century also showed the lis, with the gateway only appearing on the greater seal. For a time in the 20th century, Warburg used a coat of arms based on the old greater seal, showing the walls, towers and gateway, but not the bishop. His place was taken by a fleur-de-lis. The town, however, readopted the fleur-de-lis-only composition on 30 June 1977. Warburg stands as

2928-617: The towns have the title Bad ( Spa ) because of their good air quality and stimulating climate. Winter sports are popular in the Sauerland. The bob sleigh track in Winterberg is widely known in Germany, as well as the ski jumping in Willingen . Sauerland also has a successful theme park called Fort Fun . Balve Cave is one of the biggest prehistorical caves of Europe and is situated in Balve . The largest accessible limestone cave outside

2989-407: The two regional airports , Kassel-Calden and Paderborn-Lippstadt . The town of Warburg already had at its disposal in the Middle Ages organized fire-quenching forces from among the citizenry. With the "Prussian Fire Order" in the early 19th century, even the outlying communities were obliged to lay the groundwork for firefighting . Beginning about 1850 in what is today Warburg's municipal area,

3050-405: The two then separate towns. The Old Town's former Town Hall, renovated in 1973, nowadays serves gastronomical and residential ends. The New Town's former Town Hall served various purposes ranging from Town Hall cellar to assembly hall to market hall before it had to be torn down in 1803 owing to decrepitude. There arose yet another superfluous government building in 1975 after the communities of

3111-408: The various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics. Archestratus wrote a guide to the foods of

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3172-516: The village was once visited in 1856 by Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who went on to become the "Ninety-Nine-Day Emperor", Kaiser Friedrich III . He presented the church with a Communion chalice . After the Second World War , in 1945, there was an American prison camp at Welda holding roughly 80,000 German prisoners of war . Likewise, Wormeln's surrounding area has yielded archaeological finds that point to ancient settlement. There

3233-529: The vote in Warburg to the NSDAP 's 21.8%. During World War II there was a Prisoner of war camp Oflag VI-B in the suburb Dössel. 20 September 1943, 47 Polish officers escaped through a tunnel. 37 were recaptured and executed by the Gestapo. On 1 April 1945, Warburg was captured by American troops. On 1 January 1975 came municipal reorganization, which saw 16 formerly independent municipalities merged into

3294-405: The western part of the Sauerland was part of the County of the Mark based in Altena ; the eastern part adhered to the County of Arnsberg , later became known as the Duchy of Westphalia and was owned by the Archbishops and Electorate of Cologne . The Duchy of Limburg covered a very small area in the lower Lenne river valley. After the Napoleonic Wars the area became part of Prussia and

3355-517: The widespread use of French terminology in gastronomic literature. Pascal Ory criticizes this literature as conceptually vague; relying heavily on anecdotal evidence; and using confusing, poorly defined terminology. Nevertheless, gastronomy has grown from a marginalized subject in France to a serious and popular interest worldwide. The derivative gourmet has come into use since the publication of Physiology of Taste ( Physiologie du goût ) an 1825 cooking treatise by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin ,

3416-415: Was Christianized from 774 on. As most of Warburg's inhabitants are Catholic it is part of the center zone of the Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn . Many theologians as Otto Beckmann, Anton Corvinus or Julius Dammann, office bearers of the church like Johann Conrad Schlaun or Arnold Güldenpfennig and church artists like Josef Kohlschein come from Warburg. The Syriac Orthodox Church 's bishopric of Germany

3477-407: Was at first owned by Count Dodiko, whose estate, according to documents, passed in 1020 to the Bishop of Paderborn when the Count's only son met his end in an accident. Eventually, sometime between 1021 and 1033, the Emperor further granted to the bishop the Count's rights. About 1180, the Old Town was granted town rights. From the castle hill, there was a good view over the Diemel Valley, such that

3538-460: Was born in Nörde near Warburg (now one of Warburg's constituent communities). On 31 July 1760, during the Seven Years' War , Warburg was the scene of a battle that now bears its name. Twenty-four thousand Prussian , Hanoverian , Hessian and British troops fought under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick and the Crown Prince of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) against a French army of 21,500 soldiers led by Lieutenant-General Le Chevalier du Muy and

3599-480: Was founded in 1997 and has its Episcopal seat in the former Dominican monastery in Warburg. After the monastery was renovated, it is now used as the Syriac Orthodox Monastery of Mor Yacqub of Sarugh, and as a centre for the community in Westphalia. The Body of Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas is buried here. Warburg had in bygone days an important Jewish community. Around the year 1800, roughly 200 of Warburg's 2,000 townsfolk were Jewish, and about 1900, some 300 of

3660-429: Was integrated into the new province of Westphalia . After World War II , Westphalia was merged with the new federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Today, the Sauerland consists of the districts Märkischer Kreis , Olpe and Hochsauerland . The western part of the Hessian district Waldeck-Frankenberg is also attributed to the Sauerland because of its geomorphological , as well as its sociocultural similarity, and

3721-422: Was solved by allowing each mayor to head the unified town for half the year. Furthermore, both town halls were used for council meetings, again, each for half the year. However, the problem of having two town halls was not fully resolved until 132 years after the two former towns had merged. Only then, in 1568, was the new Rathaus Zwischen den Städten – Town Hall Between the Towns – built. The common Town Hall, in

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