27-426: Werkbund , a German compound word denoting a productive or creative association, may refer to: Deutscher Werkbund , a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists, founded 1907 Österreichischer Werkbund ( de ), an Austrian association of artists, architects, industrialists and craftsmen, founded 1912 Schweizerischer Werkbund ( de ) (SWB),
54-675: A Frankfurt kitchen . Peter Behrens Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a leading German architect , graphic and industrial designer , best known for his early pioneering AEG Turbine Hall in Berlin in 1909. He had a long career, designing objects, typefaces, and important buildings in a range of styles from the 1900s to the 1930s. He was a founding member of the German Werkbund in 1907, when he also began designing for AEG, pioneered corporate design, graphic design, producing typefaces, objects, and buildings for
81-583: A painter , illustrator and bookbinder in an artisanal fashion. He frequented the bohemian circles and was interested in subjects related to the reform of lifestyles. In 1899 Behrens accepted the invitation of the Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse to be the second member of his recently inaugurated Darmstadt Artists' Colony , where Behrens built his own Jugendstil style house in 1901, and fully conceived everything, from furniture to towels, paintings, pottery, etc. The building of this house
108-483: A Swiss association of artists and designers, founded 1913 See also [ edit ] Werkbund Exhibition (1914) , held in Cologne, Germany All pages with titles containing Werkbund Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Werkbund . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
135-638: A joint meeting to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Deutscher Werkbund. A juried exhibition and opening was held on 14 March 2008. The collections and archives (Werkbundarchiv) of the Werkbund are housed at the Museum der Dinge (Museum of Things) in Berlin . The museum is focused on design and objects used in everyday life in the 20th century up to the present. Among other exhibits, it includes
162-690: A well known architect he produced design across Germany, in other European countries, Russia and England. Several of the leading names of European modernism worked for him when they were starting out in the 1910s, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius . Behrens attended the Christianeum Hamburg from September 1877 until Easter 1882. He studied painting in his native Hamburg , as well as in Düsseldorf and Karlsruhe , from 1886 to 1889. In 1890, he married Lilly Kramer and moved to Munich . At first, he worked as
189-516: Is a German association of artists, architects, designers and industrialists established in 1907. The Werkbund became an important element in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design. Its initial purpose was to establish a partnership of product manufacturers with design professionals to improve the competitiveness of German companies in global markets. The Werkbund
216-694: Is considered to be the turning point in his life, when he left the artistic circles of Munich and showed himself to be a talented architect in his very first project. In 1903, Behrens was named director of the Kunstgewerbeschule in Düsseldorf, where he implemented successful reforms, developing new ways of teaching design. In 1907, Behrens and ten other people ( Hermann Muthesius , Theodor Fischer , Josef Hoffmann , Joseph Maria Olbrich , Bruno Paul , Richard Riemerschmid , Fritz Schumacher , among others), plus twelve companies, gathered to create
243-777: Is often regarded as probably the first modernist house in Britain, and marks Behrens' turn towards the Modernism of New Objectivity . In 1925 he was invited by his former student Mies van der Rohe , along with many of the leading German architects working in the new style, to design a residential building in Stuttgart, in the development now known as the Weissenhof . His contribution was a set of apartments in stacked cubic volumes, allowing many apartments to open to large terraces. In 1928 Behrens won an international competition for
270-611: The German Werkbund . As an organization, it was clearly indebted to the principles and priorities of the Arts and Crafts movement , but tending towards the classical in architecture. Members of the Werkbund were focused on improving the overall level of taste in Germany by improving the design of everyday objects and products. This very practical aspect made it an extremely influential organization among industrialists, public policy experts, designers, investors, critics and academics. His work in
297-635: The Humboldthain site, which showed that he was as much interested in massive, bold, classical and picturesque effects depending on the context, as expressing modernity. Since Peter Behrens was a consultant rather than an employee of AEG, he was free to work on other projects, and developed a highly successful architectural practice. In this period his growing office had many students and assistants, some who would go on become leading Modernists, including Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Le Corbusier , Adolf Meyer , Jean Kramer and Walter Gropius (later to become
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#1732772846468324-596: The Alexanderhaus and the Berolinahaus were built by 1932. In 1929, Behrens, in partnership with former student Alexander Popp , was commissioned to design a new factory for the state-run Austria Tabak in Linz, which was built over a long period, due to the economic conditions, finally completed in 1935. The main building has a very long completely horizontal slightly curved facade, Behrens' most striking design in
351-500: The Deutscher Werkbund in 1914 and was invited to participate in the 1914 Cologne exhibition. Among the Werkbund's more noted members was the architect Mies van der Rohe , who served as Architectural Director. The Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer (Association of German Industrial Designers, or VDID) and the Bund Deutscher Grafik-Designer (Federation of German Graphic Designers, or "BDG- Mitte ") held
378-492: The English Arts and Crafts movement . Muthesius was seen as something of a cultural ambassador, or industrial spy, between Germany and England. The organization originally included twelve architects and twelve business firms. The architects include Peter Behrens , Theodor Fischer (who served as its first president), Josef Hoffmann , Bruno Paul , Max Laeuger and Richard Riemerschmid . Other architects affiliated with
405-442: The company. In the next few years, he became a successful architect, a leader of the rationalist / classical German Reform Movement of the 1910s. After WW1 he turned to Brick Expressionism , designing the remarkable Hoechst Administration Building outside Frankfurt, and from the mid-1920s increasingly to New Objectivity . He was also an educator, heading the architecture school at Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 1922 to 1936. As
432-636: The construction of the New Synagogue , in Zilina, Slovakia, which was restored in 2012–17 as a cultural centre. The same year he designed a renovation of the Feller-Stern department store in central Zagreb , Croatia, transforming it from Art Nouveau to a complex almost De Stijl Modernist composition. His 1931 hillside villa for the Clara Gans, daughter of Frankfurt industrialist Adolf Gans,
459-413: The early 1900s included a series of exhibition halls and pavilions, a crematorium and some private houses, which show a new direction immediately after his own Jugendstil house, towards exploring simple, rectilinear volumes and classical sources. In 1907, AEG ( Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft ) retained Behrens as artistic consultant, and his work for AEG was the first large-scale demonstration of
486-802: The first director of the Bauhaus ). Immediately after the AEG Turbine Hall, he designed a series of large office buildings in a bold monumental stripped classical form, part of the German Reform Architecture movement. His 1912 German Embassy in St Petersburg, and the Administration Building for Continental AG in Hannover, built 1912–1914 are good examples of this period. After WW1 his work changed again, and like many German architects, he explored
513-465: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Werkbund&oldid=715071774 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Deutscher Werkbund The Deutscher Werkbund ( German: [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈvɛʁkbʊnt] ; lit. ' German Association of Craftsmen ' )
540-468: The invitation of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse . The Werkbund was founded by Olbrich, Peter Behrens , Richard Riemerschmid , Bruno Paul and others in 1907 in Munich at the instigation of Hermann Muthesius , existed through 1934, then re-established after World War II in 1950. Muthesius was the author of the exhaustive three-volume "The English House" of 1905, a survey of the practical lessons of
567-528: The project include Heinrich Tessenow and the Belgian Henry van de Velde . By 1914, it had 1,870 members, including heads of museums. The Werkbund commissioned van de Velde to design a theater for the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne . The exhibition was closed and the buildings dismantled ahead of schedule because of the outbreak of World War I. Eliel Saarinen was made corresponding member of
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#1732772846468594-665: The style in Germany. In 1922, he accepted an invitation to teach at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna , becoming head of the architecture school, a post he kept until 1936, whilst also designing for a range of clients across Europe. In 1926, Behrens was commissioned by the Englishman Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke to design a family home in Northampton , UK. The house named 'New Ways', a stark white walled rectangular volume (with jagged parapets),
621-677: The style of New Objectivity . In 1936 Behrens left Vienna to teach architecture at the Prussian Academy of Arts (now the Akademie der Künste ) in Berlin, reportedly with the specific approval of Hitler . Behrens participated in Hitler's plans for the rebuilding of Berlin with the commission for the new headquarters of the AEG on Albert Speer 's famous planned north–south axis. Speer reported that his selection of Behrens for this commission
648-562: The themes and styles of Brick Expressionism . Between 1920 and 1924, he was responsible for the design and construction of the Technical Administration Building of Hoechst AG in Höchst , outside Frankfurt. With its soaring atrium clad in coloured bricks representing the factory's dye products, and an exterior in dark clinker bricks with clocktower and dramatic arch, it is one of the most representative examples of
675-535: The viability and vitality of the Werkbund's initiatives and objectives. He designed the entire corporate identity ( logotype , product design, publicity, etc.) and for that he is considered the first industrial designer in history. He also designed a series of factory buildings for them at their two Berlin factory sites, most famously the 1909 AEG Turbine Factory , at the Moabit site, considered an early example of Modernism. He then went on to design four new buildings at
702-399: Was a similarly complex interplay of rectangular volumes, clad in stone, a fine example of New Objectivity . In 1929, Behrens was invited to the competition for the design of buildings around a proposed radical redesign of Alexanderplatz in Berlin, and though he came second, his designs for the buildings on the south west side of the new square was preferred by the subsequent developer, and
729-539: Was less an artistic movement than a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States. Its motto Vom Sofakissen zum Städtebau (from sofa cushions to city-building) indicates its range of interest. The Deutscher Werkbund emerged when the architect Joseph Maria Olbrich left Vienna for Darmstadt , Germany, in 1899, to form an artists' colony at
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