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66-411: The fire was sparked by a vehicle 80 miles southwest of Rapid City on Friday afternoon. On the first day, it moved five miles due to wind gusts. It was fueled by dry bush and dry trees. By Sunday, the fire was 30% contained. The fire was primarily burning  U.S. Forest Service land, and five homes were asked to evacuate. On July 5, the fire was 80% contained and had burned almost 9000 acres. The fire

132-700: A hot-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dwa), and is part of USDA Hardiness zone 5b. Its location makes its climate unlike both the higher elevations of the Black Hills to the west and the Great Plains to the east. It is characterized by long arid summers and long dry winters, with short but distinct spring and autumn seasons. Precipitation averages 17.44 inches or 443.0 millimeters annually, but has historically ranged from 9.12 inches or 231.6 millimeters in 1974 to 27.70 inches or 703.6 millimeters in 1946. Winters are cold and dry, with January being

198-423: A Mexican-based conglomerate); Black Hills Ammunition , an ammunition and reloading supplies manufacturing company; several custom sawmills, a lime plant, a computer peripheral component manufacturing plant, and several farm and ranch equipment manufacturers. Of particular note, this city is the center for the manufacture of Black Hills gold jewelry , a popular product with tourists and Westerners in general. The city

264-567: A gravel parking area with room for about six vehicles, and it has two interpretive panels. The Black Hills National Forest management ordered a temporary closure of the White Draw Fire to limit the use of land by the public. The residents, persons with permits, people involved in firefighting activities were exempted from the closure. Rapid City, South Dakota Rapid City is a city in South Dakota , United States, and

330-756: A local retail center. In 1980, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians that the federal government had not justly compensated the Sioux people for the Black Hills when it unilaterally broke a treaty guaranteeing the Black Hills to them. As a result, the federal government offered a financial settlement, but the Lakota Sioux declined on

396-437: A mass influx of European-American miners and settlers into Rapid City. A group of unsuccessful miners founded Rapid City in 1876, trying to create other chances; they promoted their new city as the "Gateway to the Black Hills"; it was originally known as Hay Camp. The "Gateway" nickname is shared by neighboring Box Elder . In February 1876, John Richard Brennan and Samuel Scott, with a small group of men, laid out Rapid City. It

462-622: Is a transition season: the average first freeze occurs in Rapid City on October 4 and in the Black Hills in late August through September. The Rapid City area's first snowfall is usually in October, although higher elevations sometimes receive significant snow in September. Occasional cold fronts moving through the area bring blustery northwest winds. Sunshine is abundant in the region in all months except December, averaging 2850 hours, 64% of

528-483: Is frequent but usually not heavy; March and April are typically the snowiest months. The seasonal total averages 48.5 inches or 1.23 meters, although historically ranging from 16.9 inches or 0.43 meters during 1980–81 to 80.9 inches or 2.05 meters during 1985–86. Extensive snow cover does not remain for long, with only nine days seasonally with 5 inches or 0.13 meters or more on the ground. Measurable snow has occurred in every month except July. Compared to locations in

594-399: Is land and 0.024 square miles (0.06 km ) is water. Box Elder is located within minutes of Ellsworth AFB , and surrounds it on three sides. As of the 2020 census , there were 11,746 people, 4,123 households, and 2,992 families residing in the city. The population density was 809.7 inhabitants per square mile (312.6/km ). There were 4,373 housing units. The racial makeup of the city

660-548: Is located in the Red Valley between the foothills of the Black Hills proper and the Dakota Hogback, so named for the red Spearfish formation soils and the way the valley completely encircles the Black Hills. Rapid City has expanded into the foothills, with developments having been built on both ridges and in valleys developed, especially in the last 20 years. This arid edge area has a higher risk of wildfire, as shown by

726-666: Is nearby. In the neighboring Black Hills are the tourist attractions of Mount Rushmore , the Crazy Horse Memorial , Custer State Park , Wind Cave National Park , Jewel Cave National Monument , The Mammoth Site and the museum at the Black Hills Institute of Geological Research . To the city's east is Badlands National Park . The public discovery of gold in 1874 by the Black Hills Expedition , led by George Armstrong Custer , brought

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792-656: Is relatively dry (following a wet spring), and relatively sunny. July is the warmest month of the year, having a daily mean temperature of 72.4 °F (22.4 °C). An average of 32 days reach 90 °F (32.2 °C)+ highs and 5 with 100 °F (37.8 °C)+ highs. Due to the elevation and aridity, lows rarely remain at or above 70 °F (21.1 °C) and during July and August fall to or below 50 °F or 10 °C on an average 7.6 days. Rapid City records an average of nine thunderstorm days in August, but only 1.56 inches or 39.6 millimeters of rain in that month. Fall

858-718: Is split by a low mountain ridge that divides the city's western and eastern parts, called ‘The Gap.’ Ellsworth Air Force Base is on the city's outskirts. Camp Rapid, part of the South Dakota Army National Guard , is in the city's western part. Rapid City is home to such attractions as Art Alley, Dinosaur Park , the City of Presidents walking tour, Chapel in the Hills , Storybook Island, and Main Street Square. The historic " Old West " town of Deadwood

924-434: Is the site of the only American manufacturer of stamping machines used for the labeling of plywood and chipboard products. Most gold mining has ceased in the Black Hills and was never conducted in or near Rapid City. Regional mining operations include for sand and gravel, as well as the raw materials for lime and Portland cement (including chemical-grade limestone , taconite iron ore, and gypsum) remains an important part of

990-550: The Homestake Mine site in nearby Lead , Rapid City is primed for advancements in technology , medicine , and scientific research . On June 9–10, 1972, extremely heavy rains over the eastern Black Hills of South Dakota produced record floods on Rapid Creek and other streams in the area. Nearly 15 inches (380 mm) of rain fell in about six hours near Nemo , and more than 10 inches (250 mm) of rain fell over an area of 60 square miles (160 km ). According to

1056-591: The National Park Service , US Forest Service , and Indian Health Service . Monument Health covers one of the largest geographic service areas in the United States. The health care sector employs more than 8,000 persons in the Rapid City area. Tourism constitutes a major portion of the Rapid City economy, due to the proximity of Mount Rushmore , Sturgis, home of the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally ; Deadwood , and other attractions in

1122-643: The Red Cross , the resulting peak floods (which occurred after dark) left 238 people dead and 3,057 people injured. Total property destruction was estimated in excess of $ 160 million (about $ 964 million in 2018 dollars), which included 1,335 homes and 5,000 automobiles that were destroyed. The flood also nearly destroyed a popular children's park: Story Book Island . Runoff from this storm produced record floods (highest peak flows recorded) along Battle, Spring, Rapid, and Box Elder creeks. Smaller floods also occurred along Elk and Bear Butte creeks. Canyon Lake Dam, on

1188-630: The Rocky Mountains , after Guadeloupe Peak in Texas at 8,571 feet. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 55.129 square miles (142.78 km ), of which, 55.067 square miles (142.62 km ) is land and 0.062 square miles (0.16 km ) is water. Rapid City is located on the eastern edge of the Black Hills, and has developed on each side of the Dakota Hogback. Rapid City's "Westside"

1254-458: The county seat of Pennington County . It is the second most populous city in the state, after Sioux Falls . It is located on the eastern slope of the Black Hills in western South Dakota and was named after Rapid Creek , where the settlement developed. The population was 74,703 as of the 2020 census . Known as the "Gateway to the Black Hills" and the "City of Presidents" because of the life-size bronze president statues downtown, Rapid City

1320-634: The 1950s. Growth slowed in the 1960s. After the Black Hills Flood of 1972 , the worst natural disaster in South Dakota history, a building boom took place over the next decade to replace damaged structures. On June 9, 1972, heavy rains caused massive flash flooding along Rapid Creek through the city, killing 238 people and destroying more than $ 100 million in property. In response to this devastation, Rapid City received an outpouring of private donations and millions of dollars in federal aid. It

1386-399: The 2,443 households, 55.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 19.4% were non-families. 15.1% of households were one person, and 2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size

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1452-524: The Black Hills while fighting the White Draw Fire. The plane crashed at 6:00 p.m. after making two drops of retardant on the fire. The cause of the crash was a microburst. Four out of the six-member crew were killed. The four killed in the crash included Lt. Col. Paul Mikeal of Mooresville, Master Sgt. Robert Cannon of Charlotte, Maj. Joe McCormick of Belmont, and Captain Major Select Ryan Scott David of Boone. Immediately after

1518-716: The Black Hills. This city provides most services for the Motorcycle Rally. Prepared to satisfy the Rally's demand for motel rooms, camp sites, and other services for tourists during the first week of August, Rapid City has the capacity to host other large events, such as conventions, and numerous associated tourists year-round. Various minor tourist attractions, including wildlife parks, specialty shops, caves, water parks, private museums, and other businesses are found in and near Rapid City. Other economic sectors include financial service, insurance and investing companies. As noted,

1584-559: The Plains and Hills and its large river valley made it a natural hub for the railroads that were constructed in the late 1880s from both the south and east. By 1900, Rapid City had survived a boom and bust and was developing as an important regional trade center for the Upper Midwest. The Black Hills had become popular in the late 1890s, but Rapid City became a more important destination in the 20th century. Local entrepreneurs promoted

1650-585: The Westberry Trails fire in 1988. Skyline Drive follows the summits of the Dakota Hogback south from near Rapid Gap (where Rapid Creek cuts through the Hogback) to a large high plateau that forms the current south edge of Rapid City. The Central and Eastern portions of Rapid City lie in the wide valley of Rapid Creek outside the Hogback. It includes a number of mesas rising a hundred feet or more above

1716-468: The age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 17.3% of households were one person, and 1.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.20. The age distribution was 34.6% under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 3.3% 65 or older. The median age

1782-406: The average family size was 2.96. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males. As of 2000 the median income for a household in

1848-416: The best idea of how the people were affected and what changes the city made as a result of the major losses of life and property. Plans include the memorialization of all those who died from the flood by the preparation of individual biographies, so they may be remembered more fully. Rapid City is located in the shadow of Black Elk Peak , which at 7,242 feet (2,207 m), is the second highest point east of

1914-588: The city has a strong medical services sector, and several institutions of higher education. Rapid City is also the major market town for much of five states, drawing commerce from more than half of South Dakota, and large portions of North Dakota , Montana , Wyoming , and the Nebraska Panhandle . The real compound annual growth rate of the gross domestic product of the Rapid City Metropolitan Statistical Area

1980-510: The city to the creek for residents. To the north, a series of ridges separate Rapid Creek from Box Elder Creek. Both older and new residential areas and commercial areas have developed here, along I-90 . To the south, the terrain rises more steeply to the southern widening of the Dakota Hogback into a plateau dividing the Rapid Creek drainage from Spring Creek. Rapid City features a temperate semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSk) bordering on

2046-439: The city was $ 35,978, and the median income for a family was $ 44,818. Males had a median income of $ 30,985 versus $ 21,913 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,445. About 9.4% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. The population of the Rapid City metropolitan statistical area ( Pennington and Meade Counties)

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2112-453: The city was 74.6% White , 1.5% African American , 13.2% Native American , 1.6% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.2% from some other races and 7.8% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.3% of the population. 22.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.2% were under 5 years of age, and 20.0% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 67,956 people, 28,586 households, and 16,957 families residing in

2178-406: The city was dotted with construction of 150 Minuteman missile silos and 15 launch command centers. They were all deactivated in the early 1990s. In 1949, city officials envisioned the city as a retail and wholesale trade center for the region. They developed a plan for growth that focused on a civic center, more downtown parking, new schools, and paved streets. A construction boom continued into

2244-423: The city. The population density was 1,226.5 inhabitants per square mile (473.6/km ). There were 30,254 housing units at an average density of 546.0 per square mile (210.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% White , 1.1% African American , 12.4% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.7% from other races , and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of

2310-428: The city. The population density was 1,336.7 inhabitants per square mile (516.1/km ). There were 25,096 housing units at an average density of 562.8 per square mile (217.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.33% White , 0.97% African American , 10.14% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.73% from other races , and 2.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.77% of

2376-405: The city. The population density was 561.1 inhabitants per square mile (216.6/km ). There were 2,828 housing units at an average density of 203.5 per square mile (78.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 79.5% White, 5.1% African American, 4.4% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 2.4% from other races, and 6.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.9%. Of

2442-468: The coldest month with a daily mean temperature of 24.3 °F or −4.3 °C. Chinook winds can warm temperatures above 50 °F or 10 °C, doing so on average about 20 times from December to February. Temperature inversions, however, occasionally produce warmer temperatures in the Black Hills. On average, highs do not climb above freezing on 43 days, while the low temperature reaches 0 °F or −17.8 °C on an average of 18 nights. Snowfall

2508-492: The crash, a helicopter landed and took two survivors to a Rapid City hospital. On July 1, 2013, a memorial site was dedicated to honoring the four people who died in the Modular Airborne Firefighting System (MAFFS) C-130 air tanker crash in White Draw Fire in 2012. The memorial site is located near the point of origin, approximately 6 miles northeast of Edgemont on Highway 18. It consists of

2574-585: The east, the area warms rather gradually early in the year, with the last measurable snow typically occurring in late April and precipitation totals beginning to increase; May snow occurs several times per decade. Toward the middle of the year, storms typically develop over the Black Hills during the afternoon and move onto the plains in the evening. Only in April through June have calendar-day precipitation amounts exceeding 3 inches or 76.2 millimeters been observed. June 15, 1963, with 3.78 inches or 96.0 millimeters, holds

2640-536: The economy. The largest sector of the Rapid City economy is government services, including local, state, and federal. Major employers include Ellsworth Air Force Base , home of the 28th Bomb Wing flying the B-1B long-range bomber; the Army National Guard based at Camp Rapid and hosting annual exercises in the Black Hills, drawing troops from five to ten states; and various federal agencies, including

2706-513: The flood plain is used for civic functions such as golf courses, parks, sports arenas, and arboretums, based mostly on the landscape and temporary use by people. In 2007, the Rapid City Public Library created a 1972 Flood digital archive that collects survivors' stories, photos and news accounts of the flood. The Journey Museum has an interactive display on the 1972 flood; this is an ongoing project to give future generations

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2772-428: The floodplain. Rapid Creek flows through Rapid City, emerging from Dark Canyon above Canyon Lake and flowing in a large arc north of downtown. It descends to the southeast where the valley widens. Since the flood damage of 1972, the city has prohibited most development in the floodplain of Rapid Creek. It has adapted this green space for public uses: a series of parks, arboretums, and bike trails, which have reconnected

2838-486: The late 1990s. Fears that Ellsworth AFB would be closed under the BRAC review and base closure process in the 1990s and 2000s led to attempts to expand other sectors of the economy. Growth continued and the city expanded significantly during this period. Today, Rapid City is South Dakota's primary city for tourism and recreation. With the federal government's approval of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory at

2904-543: The military payroll. During the Cold War , the government constructed missile installations in the area: a series of Nike Air Defense sites were constructed around Ellsworth in the 1950s. In the early 1960s three Titan missile launch sites were constructed; these contained a total of nine Titan I missiles in Rapid City's general vicinity. Beginning in November 1963, the land for 100 miles east, northeast and northwest of

2970-405: The original school (housed in what is now Rapid City High School and community theater) and the new one. The rebuilding generated construction and related jobs that partly insulated Rapid City from the drop in automotive tourism caused by the 1974 Oil Embargo , but tourism was depressed for most of a decade. In 1978, Rushmore Mall was built on the city's north edge, enhancing the city's status as

3036-763: The placement of new military installations in the area, bringing more businesses and residents. In 1930, the Rapid City Chamber of Commerce sent a letter inviting Al Capone to live in the Black Hills. South Dakota's governor did not support the idea, and Capone declined. In the 1940s Rapid City benefited greatly from the opening of Rapid City Army Air Base, later Ellsworth Air Force Base , an Army Air Corps training base. The local population nearly doubled between 1940 and 1948, from almost 14,000 to nearly 27,000. Military families and civilian personnel soon took every available living space in town, and mobile home parks proliferated. Rapid City businesses profited from

3102-410: The population. There were 23,969 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and

3168-443: The population. There were 28,586 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3234-451: The possible total, per year. Official extreme temperatures range from −31 °F or −35 °C on February 2, 1996, up to 111 °F or 44 °C on July 15, 2006; the record low daily maximum is −18 °F or −28 °C on February 2, 1989, while the record high daily minimum is 75 °F or 24 °C on July 8, 1985, and July 28, 1960. Rapid City had the record for an extreme temperature drop of 47 °F or 26.1 °C, which

3300-408: The principle that the theft of their land should not be validated. They still demand the return of the land. The settlement funds accrue interest. This land includes Rapid City, by far the largest modern settlement in the Black Hills. As of 2023, the dispute has not been settled. In the 1980s, tourism increased again as the city hosted the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally ; another decline occurred in

3366-586: The sights, the availability of the automobile for individual transportation, and construction of improved roadways after World War I led to many more tourists to this area, including President Calvin Coolidge and the First Lady in summer 1927. Coolidge announced that he would not seek reelection in 1928 from his summer office in Rapid City. Gutzon Borglum , already a noted sculptor, began work on Mount Rushmore in 1927, and his son, Lincoln Borglum, continued

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3432-532: The single-day rainfall record; the record-wettest month is May 1996 with 8.18 inches or 207.8 millimeters. Rapid City has an average of twenty clear to partly cloudy days and 67% of its possible sunshine in June. This is the traditional "flood" season for Rapid and other creeks in the Eastern Hills. Temperatures warm rapidly as summer approaches. Summer in Rapid City has relatively pleasant temperatures, and

3498-451: The west side of Rapid City, broke the night of the flood, unleashing a wall of water down the creek. The 1972 flooding has an estimated recurrence interval of 500 years, which means that a flood of this magnitude will occur on average once every 500 years. Every year there is a 0.2% chance (1 in 500) that a similar event will occur. To prevent similar damage, the city has prohibited residential and business construction on its flood plain. Today

3564-522: The work after Gutzon's death in 1941. The work was halted due to the US need to invest in buildup for its entry into World War II ; the sculpture was declared complete in 1941. Although tourism had sustained the city throughout the Great Depression of the 1930s, gasoline rationing during World War II decimated such travel. But investments in the defense industry and other war-related growth stimulated

3630-461: Was 11,746 at the 2020 census , making it the 10th most populous city in South Dakota . Ellsworth Air Force Base lies on the northeast side of the city. Box Elder was named from nearby Boxelder Creek . Indie Rock band Pavement has a song on their second album named after the city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 14.777 square miles (38.27 km ), of which 14.753 square miles (38.21 km )

3696-591: Was 139,074 at the 2020 census. Rapid City is also included in the Rapid City-Spearfish combined statistical area , which, with the addition of Lawrence County , had a 2020 census population of 164,842. Rapid City's economy is diverse, but industry is a small portion. Heavy and medium industrial activities include a Portland cement plant (constructed and owned for 84 years by the State of South Dakota and sold in 2003 to Grupo Cementos de Chihuahua, or GCC,

3762-436: Was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 59,607 people, 23,969 households, and 15,220 families residing in

3828-547: Was 2.6% for 2001–2013. Rapid City has invested in public sculptures, notably "The City of Presidents" series of life-sized bronze statues depicting each former President of the United States , located on street corners in the downtown area. Box Elder, South Dakota Box Elder ( Lakota : čhaŋšúška ; " box elder maple ") is a city in Pennington and Meade counties in the State of South Dakota . The population

3894-741: Was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. The median household income was $ 32,344 and the median family income was $ 35,020. Males had a median income of $ 24,596 versus $ 17,313 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 12,692. About 13.0% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those aged 65 or over. Douglas School District serves families in most portions of Box Elder, and those living on Ellsworth AFB. The school district operates six schools in Box Elder: The school's athletics teams are

3960-399: Was 3.26. The median age was 23.5 years. 33.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 20.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.3% were from 25 to 44; 13% were from 45 to 64, and 2.9% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.9% male and 48.1% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 2,841 people, 993 households, and 750 families residing in the city. The population density

4026-443: Was 489.6 inhabitants per square mile (189.0/km ). There were 1,072 housing units at an average density of 184.8 per square mile (71.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 83.42% White, 2.29% African American, 5.60% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 5.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.56% of the population. Of the 993 households, 48.0% had children under

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4092-438: Was 73.6% White , 3.6% African American , 7.4% Native American , 1.9% Asian , 0.3% Pacific Islander , 2.1% from some other races and 11.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.7% of the population. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18, 8.1% were under 5 years of age, and 6.7% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 7,800 people, 2,443 households, and 1,968 families residing in

4158-435: Was able to complete a major part of its 1949 plan: clearing the area along the Rapid Creek and making the floodplain a public park. In other areas, new homes and businesses were constructed to replace those that had been destroyed. Rushmore Plaza Civic Center and a new Central High School were built in part of the area that was cleared. The high school opened in 1978, with the graduating class that year attending classes in both

4224-493: Was achieved on January 10, 1911, from 60 °F or 16 °C to 13 °F or −11 °C. This was due to the Chinook wind , but record was lost to Spearfish, South Dakota, in 1942. As of the 2020 census , there were 74,703 people, and 31,261 households, and 17,755 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,365.7 inhabitants per square mile (527.3/km ). There were 33,544 housing units. The racial makeup of

4290-402: Was eventually named for the spring-fed Rapid Creek that flows through it. The land speculators measured off a square mile and designated the six blocks in the center as a business section. Committees were appointed to recruit prospective merchants and their families to locate in the settlement. Such merchants soon began selling supplies to miners and pioneers. The city's location on the edge of

4356-438: Was fully contained by July 6 due to the efforts of 400 firefighters, helicopters, aircraft, and rainfall. The fire did not harm any people or livestock but affected some ranches. On July 1, an airforce C130 firefighter aircraft operated by North Carolina National Guard crashed with a crew of six, after it got stuck in a microburst , a small and intense thunderstorm. On Sunday, July 1, a military C-130 MAFFS air tanker crashed in

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