Deprecation is the discouragement of use of something human-made, such as a term , feature, design , or practice. Typically something is deprecated because it is claimed to be inferior compared to other options available.
70-474: (Redirected from Witch Girl ) [REDACTED] Look up girl or witch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The term witch girl or witch girls may refer to: The Witch Girl , a 1914 film starring Mary Fuller Witch-Girl, He Yueer (aka Yao nu He Yueer), a Mandarin language film featuring Peter Yang Majokko (魔女っ子, little witch ),
140-614: A debutante ball , such as the International Debutante Ball in New York City. Traditionally, debutantes wear couture white gowns and gloves symbolising purity and wealth. Across Latin America, the fiesta de quince años is a celebration of a girl's fifteenth birthday. The girl celebrating the birthday is called a Quinceañera . This birthday is celebrated differently from any other birthday, as it marks
210-457: A girl or boy , to recognize their transition to adulthood, or to mark other milestones of their journey to maturity as children. Japan has a coming-of-age ritual called Shichi-Go-San (七五三), which literally means "Seven-Five-Three". This is a traditional rite of passage and festival day in Japan for three- and seven-year-old girls and three- and five-year-old boys, held annually on November 15. It
280-549: A servant or a bride . Another practice is that of selling girls in exchange for the bride price . The 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery defines "institutions and practices similar to slavery" to include: c) Any institution or practice whereby: (i) A woman, without the right to refuse, is promised or given in marriage on payment of
350-502: A certain clause may be discouraged or superseded by new clauses. As an example, in the Ethernet standard IEEE 802.3-2012, Clause 5 (Layer Management) is "deprecated" by Clause 30 (Management), except for 5.2.4. Deprecation may also occur when a technical term becomes obsolete , either through change or supersession. An example from paleontology is the previously deprecated term Brontosaurus : before being recognized once again as
420-495: A child for sexual stimulation. In Western countries CSA is considered a serious crime, but in many parts of the world there is a tacit tolerance of the practice. CSA can take many forms, one of which is child prostitution . Child prostitution is the commercial sexual exploitation of children in which a child performs the services of prostitution , for financial benefit. It is estimated that each year at least one million children, mostly girls, become prostitutes. Child prostitution
490-624: A consideration in money or in kind to her parents, guardian, family or any other person or group; or (ii) The husband of a woman, his family, or his clan, has the right to transfer her to another person for value received or otherwise; or (iii) A woman on the death of her husband is liable to be inherited by another person. Scholars are unclear and in dispute as to possible causes for variations in human sex ratios at birth. Countries which have sex ratios of 108 and above are usually presumed as engaging in sex selection. However, deviations in sex ratios at birth can occur for natural causes too. Nevertheless,
560-458: A deprecated software feature remains in the software, its use may raise warning messages recommending alternative practices. Deprecated status may also indicate the feature will be removed in the future. Features are deprecated, rather than immediately removed, to provide backward compatibility and to give programmers time to bring affected code into compliance with the new standard. Notable reasons for deprecation include: A building code example
630-422: A leading cause of death among teenage girls in developing countries. Female genital mutilation (FGM) practiced in many parts of the world is another leading cause of ill health for girls. Gender influences the pattern of child labor. Girls tend to be asked by their families to perform more domestic work in their parental home than boys are, and often at younger ages than boys. Employment as a paid domestic worker
700-693: A location where they are obsolete, they would generally be intended only for repairs to existing older electrical installations. In writing and editing , usage of a word may be deprecated because it is ambiguous, confusing, or offensive to some readers. For example, the words sanction and inflammable may be misinterpreted because they have auto-antonymic or self-contradictory meanings; writing style guides often recommend substituting other words that are clearly understood and unambiguous. Some word usages that have acquired different connotations over time, such as gay or colored , may be deprecated as obsolete in formal writing. In technical standards , use of
770-586: A loss of about 1.5%, or 100,000 female births per year. Abnormal boy to girl ratio at birth is also seen in Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia, suggesting possible sex-selective abortions against girls. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons." It
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#1732780568451840-572: A special ceremony. It is traditional in many countries for Catholic girls to wear white dresses and possibly a small veil or wreath of flowers in their hair to their First Communion. The white dress symbolizes spiritual purity. A traditional coming-of-age ritual for daughters of college age (17 to 21 years old) from high society and well-connected upper-class and White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) families in North America and Europe has historically been their debut, known as "coming out," at
910-426: A subgenre of Japanese fantasy light novels, manga, anime, and video games Witch Girl, nickname of Lilka Eleniak, character from the video game Wild Arms 2 "Witch Girl", song by Fire Dept , B-side to the 1988 "Girl, Girl, Girl, Girl" single See also [ edit ] Witch (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
980-740: A successful monarch. By the eighteenth century, Europeans recognized the value of literacy, and schools were opened to educate the public in growing numbers. Education in the Age of Enlightenment in France led to up to a third of women becoming literate by the time of the French Revolution, contrasting with roughly half of men by that time. However, education was still not considered as important for girls as for boys, who were being trained for professions that remained closed to women, and girls were not admitted to secondary level schools in France until
1050-502: A thousand girls have a 47,XXX karyotype, and one in 2500 have a 45,X one. Girls typically have a female reproductive system . Some intersex children with ambiguous genitals may be classified as girls, while some Transgender youth have a gender identity as girls. Girls' bodies undergo gradual changes during puberty . Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child 's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilization . It
1120-647: A total of 65 low, middle income and transition countries fail to offer girls the same secondary school opportunities as boys, and in total, these countries are missing out on annual economic growth of an estimated $ 92 billion. Although the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has asserted "primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all" girls are slightly less likely to be enrolled as students in primary and secondary schools (70%:74% and 59%:65%). Worldwide efforts have been made to end this disparity (such as through
1190-420: A unique genus, it was considered a popular, yet deprecated, name for the genus Apatosaurus . Some deprecated terms in medicine are consumption ( tuberculosis ), grippe ( influenza ), and apoplexy ( stroke ). In chemical nomenclature , the international standards organization IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) has deprecated the term "methyl ethyl ketone", and now recommends using
1260-453: A very strong son preference. In China, the one-child policy was largely responsible for an unbalanced sex ratio. Sex-selective abortion, as well as rejection of girl children is common. The Dying Rooms is a 1995 television documentary film about Chinese state orphanages, which documented how parents abandoned their newborn girls into orphanages , where the staff would leave the children in rooms to die of thirst, or starvation. In India,
1330-551: A way of unifying women of all ages on the basis of their once having been girls (American country singer Martina McBride 's " This One's for the Girls "). The status of girls throughout world history is closely related to the status of women in any culture. Where women enjoy a more equal status with men, girls benefit from greater attention to their needs. Girls' formal education has traditionally been considered far less important than that of boys. In Europe, exceptions were rare before
1400-424: Is pregnancy in an adolescent girl. A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate . Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy related issues as other women. There are, however, additional concerns for young adolescents as they are less likely to be physically developed enough to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth. In developed countries, teenage pregnancy
1470-589: Is a young female human , usually a child or an adolescent . While the term girl has other meanings, including young woman , daughter or girlfriend regardless of age, the first meaning is the most common one. The treatment and status of girls in any society is usually closely related to the status of women in that culture. In cultures where women have or had a low social position, girls may be unwanted by their parents, and society may invest less in girls. The difference in girls' and boys' upbringing ranges from slight to completely different. Mixing of
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#17327805684511540-417: Is being outlawed by governments, and challenged by human rights groups and other concerned community members, who are working to end the practice. Girls have been used historically, and are still used in some parts of the world, in settlements of disputes between families, through practices such as baad , swara , or vani . In such situations, a girl from a criminal's family is given to the victim's family as
1610-430: Is called the na'ii'ees (Sunrise Ceremony), and takes place over four days. The girls are painted with clay and pollen , which they must not wash off until the end of the rituals, which involve dancing and rituals that challenge physical strength. Girls are taught aspects of sexuality, confidence, and healing ability. The girls pray in the direction of the east at dawn, and in the four cardinal directions, which represent
1680-465: Is common in many parts of the world, especially in Southeast Asia ( Thailand , Cambodia ), and many adults from wealthy countries travel to these regions to engage in child sex tourism . In many parts of the world, girls who are deemed to have tarnished the 'honor' of their families by refusing arranged marriages, having premarital sex , dressing in ways deemed inappropriate or even becoming
1750-517: Is controversial. Some critics contend that it is a violation of capabilities and human rights and can create economic inefficiencies and discrimination, while some supporters argue that it is central to certain religious laws and social and cultural histories and traditions. Purdah is a religious and social practice of female seclusion prevalent among some Muslim and Hindu communities in South Asia . It takes two forms: physical segregation of
1820-457: Is generally observed on the nearest weekend. On this day, the girl will be dressed in a traditional kimono , and will be taken to a temple by her family for a blessing ceremony. Nowadays, the occasion is also marked with a formal photo portrait. Many coming-of-age ceremonies are to acknowledge the passing of a girl through puberty, when she experiences menarche , or her first menstruation . The traditional Apache coming-of-age ceremony for girls
1890-429: Is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads . In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain , bones , muscle , blood , skin , hair , breasts , and sexual organs . Physical growth —height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when the child has developed an adult body. Until
1960-582: Is often deprecative . It can also be used depreciatively when used to discriminate against children (e.g., " you're just a girl "). However, girl can also be a professional designation for a woman employed as a model or other public feminine representative such as a showgirl , and in such cases is not generally considered derogatory. In a casual context, the word has positive uses, as evidenced by its use in titles of popular music. It has been used playfully for people acting in an energetic fashion (Canadian singer Nelly Furtado 's " Promiscuous Girl ") or as
2030-489: Is practiced mainly in 28 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, particularly Egypt and Ethiopia, and in parts of Southeast Asia and the Middle East. FGM is most often carried out on girls aged between infancy and 15 years. Child marriages, where girls are married at young ages (often forced and often to much older husbands) remain common in many parts of the world. They are fairly widespread in parts of
2100-400: Is the most common form of child labor for girls. In some places, such as East and Southeast Asia , parents often see work as a domestic servant as a good preparation for marriage. Domestic service, however, is among the least regulated of all professions, and exposes workers to serious risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse by the employers, because the workers are often isolated from
2170-451: Is the use of ungrounded ("2-prong") electrical receptacles (UK English: "unearthed"). Over time, these older devices were widely deprecated in favor of safer grounded ("3-prong") receptacles. The older, ungrounded receptacles were still permitted in many places by " grandfathering " them in existing electrical wiring , while prohibiting them for new installations. Thus, though ungrounded receptacles may still be available for legal purchase in
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2240-553: Is usually associated with social issues , including lower educational levels, poverty , and other negative life outcomes; and often carries a social stigma . By contrast, teenage girls in developing countries are often married, and their pregnancies welcomed by family and society. However, in these societies, child marriage and early pregnancy often combine with malnutrition and poor health care and create medical problems. Girls' equal access to education has been achieved in some countries, but there are significant disparities in
2310-485: Is viewed with concern for a girl's chastity. In some communities, there is a traditional belief that female genital mutilation is a necessity to prevent a girl from becoming sexually promiscuous. The practice is dangerous, however, and leads to long-term health problems for women who have undergone it. The practice has been a custom in 28 countries of Africa, and persists mainly in rural areas. This coming-of-age custom, sometimes incorrectly described as "female circumcision",
2380-610: The Latin deponent verb deprecari , meaning "to ward off (a disaster ) by prayer". An early documented usage of "deprecate" in this sense is in Usenet posts in 1984, referring to obsolete features in 4.2BSD and the C programming language . An expanded definition of "deprecate" was cited in the Jargon File in its 1991 revision, and similar definitions are found in commercial software documentation from 2014 and 2023. While
2450-504: The Millennium Development Goals ) and the gap has closed since 1990. According to Kim Wallen, expectations will nonetheless play a role in how girls perform academically. For example, if females skilled in math are told a test is "gender neutral" they achieve high scores, but if they are told males outperformed females in the past, the females will do much worse. "What's strange is," Wallen observed, "according to
2520-836: The Population Research Institute in Washington, D.C., has said: "Twenty-five million men in China currently can't find brides because there is a shortage of women [...] young men emigrate overseas to find brides." The gender imbalance in these regions is also blamed for spurring growth in the commercial sex trade; the UN's 2005 report states that up to 800,000 people being trafficked across borders each year, and as many as 80 percent are women and girls. Embryos that inherit two X chromosomes (XX), one from each parent, are generally identified as girls when born. About one in
2590-601: The SAT verbal test was 4 points lower than boys. In math, the average for girls was 492, which was 35 points lower than boys. "When girls take the exact same courses," commented Wayne Camara, a research scientist with the College Board, "that 35-point gap dissipates quite a bit." At the time Leslie R. Wolfe , president of the Center for Women Policy Studies said girls scored differently on the math tests because they tend to work
2660-547: The Southern Tang kingdom in Nanjing (937–975), the custom of foot binding was associated with upper-class women who were worthy of a life of leisure, and husbands who could afford to spare them the necessity of work (which would require the ability to be mobile and spend the day on their feet). Because of this belief, parents hoping to ensure a good marriage for their daughters would begin binding their feet from about
2730-400: The ' nature versus nurture ' question is not meaningful, because it treats them as independent factors, whereas in fact everything is nature and nurture." Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviours, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is socially constructed, but made up of both socially-defined and biologically created factors. This makes it distinct from
2800-415: The 1970s, especially at higher levels. This was often done by teaching different subjects to each sex, especially since tertiary education was considered primarily for males, particularly with regard to technical education. For example, prestigious engineering schools, such as École Polytechnique , did not allow women until the 1970s. Many cultures have traditional customs to mark the " coming of age " of
2870-526: The Child (1988) and Millennium Development Goals (2000) promoted better access to education for all girls and boys and to eliminate gender disparities at both primary and secondary level. Worldwide school enrolment and literacy rates for girls have improved continuously. In 2005, global primary net enrolment rates were 85 percent for girls, up from 78 percent 15 years earlier; at the secondary level, girls' enrolment increased 10 percentage points to 57 percent over
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2940-482: The age of 5–8 to achieve the ideal appearance. The tinier the feet, the better the social rank of a future husband. The practice started seriously to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, and was all but extinct by 1950. China has had many customs relating to girls and their roles as future wives and mothers. Traditionally an unmarried girl would wear her hair in two pigtails , and once married, in one. In some cultures, girls' passing through puberty
3010-403: The child is in their teen years. In Roman Catholic communities, Confirmation is considered one of seven sacraments that a Catholic may receive. In many countries, it is traditional for Catholics children to receive another sacrament, First Communion , at the age of seven. The sacrament is usually performed in a church once a year, with children who are of age receive a blessing from a bishop in
3080-541: The children's peer group . In England , studies by the National Literacy Trust have shown girls score consistently higher than boys in all scholastic areas from the ages of 7 through 16, with the most striking differences noted in reading and writing skills. In the United States , historically, girls lagged on standardized tests. In 1996 the average score of 503 for US girls from all races on
3150-570: The community; violence on the way to school, or in and around schools; long distances to schools; vulnerability to the HIV epidemic; school fees, which often lead to parents sending only their sons to school; lack of gender sensitive approaches and materials in classrooms. Sex segregation is the physical, legal, and cultural separation of people according to their biological sex . It is practiced in many societies, especially starting when children attain puberty . In certain circumstances, sex segregation
3220-725: The definition of the biological female sex , as both males and females can exhibit feminine traits. Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gentleness , empathy , and sensitivity , though traits associated with femininity vary depending on location and context, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors. Gender neutrality describes the idea that policies, language, and other social institutions should avoid distinguishing roles according to people's sex or gender, in order to avoid discrimination arising from rigid gender roles. Unisex refers to things that are considered appropriate for any sex. Campaigns for unisex toys include Let Toys Be Toys . Teenage pregnancy
3290-580: The four stages of life. This ceremony was banned by the U.S. government for many decades; after being decriminalized by the Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1978, it has seen a revival. Some coming-of-age ceremonies are religious rituals to recognize a girl's maturity with respect to her understanding of religious beliefs, and her changing role in her religious community. Confirmation is a ceremony common to many Christian denominations for both boys and girls, usually taking place when
3360-485: The knowledge passed down orally from mother to daughter. A well-known reference to these important women's skills is in the folk tale Rumpelstiltskin , which dates back to medieval Germany and was collected in written form by the folklorists the Brothers Grimm . The miller's daughter is valued as a potential wife because of her reputation for being able to spin straw into gold. In some parts of China, beginning in
3430-414: The late 1400s, the word meant a child of either sex; it has meant 'female child' since about the late 15th century CE. The word girl is sometimes used to refer to an adult female, usually a younger one. This usage may be considered derogatory or disrespectful in professional or other formal contexts, just as the term boy can be considered disparaging when applied to an adult man . Hence, this usage
3500-399: The late 19th century. Girls were not entitled to receive a Baccalaureate diploma in France until the reforms of 1924 under education minister Léon Bérard . Schools were segregated in France until the end of World War II. Since then, compulsory education laws have raised the education of girls and young women throughout Europe. In many European countries, girls' education was restricted until
3570-715: The majority. There are gaps in access between different regions and countries and even within countries. Girls account for 60 percent of children out of school in Arab countries and 66 percent of non-attendees in South and West Asia; however, more girls than boys attend schools in many countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, North America and Western Europe. Research has measured the economic cost of this inequality to developing countries: Plan International 's analysis shows that
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#17327805684513640-411: The maturation of their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal, physical differences between boys and girls are the genitalia . Puberty is a process that usually takes place between 10 and 16 years, but these ages differ from person to person. The major landmark of female puberty is menarche , the onset of menstruation , which occurs on average between 12 and 13. According to a 2010 Canadian study,
3710-456: The outside world. Child labor has a very negative effect on education. Girls either stop their education, or, when they continue it, they are often subjected to a double burden, or a triple burden of work outside the home, housework in the parental home, and schoolwork. This situation is common in places such as parts of Asia and Latin America . The United Nations Convention on the Rights of
3780-703: The practice of dowry is partly responsible for a strong son preference. Another manifestation of son preference is the violence inflicted against mothers who give birth to girls. In India, by 2011, there were 91 girls younger than 6 for every 100 boys. Its 2011 census showed that the ratio of girls to boys under the age of 6 years old has dropped even during the past decade, from 927 girls for every 1000 boys in 2001 to 918 girls for every 1000 boys in 2011. In China, scholars report 794 baby girls for every 1000 baby boys in rural regions. In Azerbaijan , last 20 years of birth data suggests 862 girls were born for every 1000 boys, on average every year. Steven Mosher, president of
3850-487: The practice of bias against girls, through sex-selective abortion , female infanticide , female abandonment , as well as favouring sons with regard to allocating of family resources is well documented in parts of South Asia , East Asia , and the Caucasus . Such practices are a major concern in China, India and Pakistan. In these cultures, the low status of women creates a bias against females. China and India have
3920-468: The printing press and the Reformation made literacy more widespread. One notable exception to the general neglect of girls' literacy is Queen Elizabeth I . In her case, as a child, she was in a precarious position as a possible heir to the throne, and her life was endangered by the political scheming of other powerful members of the court. Following the execution of her mother, Anne Boleyn , Elizabeth
3990-419: The problems out while boys use "test-taking tricks" such as immediately checking the answers already given in multiple-choice questions. Wolfe said girls are steady and thorough while "boys play this test like a pin-ball machine." Wolfe also said although girls had lower SAT scores they consistently get higher grades than boys across all courses in their first year in college. By 2006 girls were outscoring boys on
4060-409: The research, all one apparently has to do is tell a woman who has a lifetime of socialization of being poor in math that a math test is gender neutral, and all effects of that socialization go away." Author Judith Harris has said that aside from their genetic contribution, the nurturing provided by parents likely has less long-term influence over their offspring than other environmental aspects such as
4130-438: The same period. Deprecation Something may be deprecated when it cannot be controlled, such as a term. Even when it can be controlled, something may be deprecated even when it might be useful – for example, to ensure compatibility – and it may be removed or discontinued at some time after being deprecated. In general English usage, the verb "to deprecate " means "to express disapproval of (something)". It derives from
4200-566: The sexes and the requirement that women cover almost entirely their bodies. The ages from which this practice is enforced vary by community. Such practices are most common in cultures where the concept of family honor is very strong. In cultures where sex segregation is common, the predominant form of education in single sex education . In many parts of the world, girls are at risk of specific forms of violence and abuse, such as sex-selective abortion , female genital mutilation , child marriage , child sexual abuse , honor killings . In parts of
4270-518: The sexes may vary by age, and from totally mixed to total sex segregation . The English word girl first appeared during the Middle Ages between 1250 and 1300 CE and came from the Anglo-Saxon word gerle (also spelled girle or gurle ). The Anglo-Saxon word gerela meaning dress or clothing item also seems to have been used as a metonym in some sense. Until
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#17327805684514340-451: The title Witch girl . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Witch_girl&oldid=1251723410 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages girl A girl
4410-473: The transition from childhood to womanhood . While completely secular in nature, a girl’s first bra is sometimes seen as an important next step in her life. Unlike many more traditional coming of age customs, the event has no set date in a girl’s life and can occur when she is a teenager and in other times can occur when she is a preteen. In many ancient societies, girls' upbringing had much to do with preparing them to be future wives. In many cultures, it
4480-424: The variation of age in which menstruation begins had a "statistically significant" relation to where the child was living, household income, and family type. Biological sex interacts with environment in ways not fully understood. Identical twin girls separated at birth and reunited decades later have shown both startling similarities and differences. In 2005, professor Kim Wallen of Emory University noted, "I think
4550-520: The verbal portion of the United States' nationwide SAT exam by 11 points. A 2005 University of Chicago study showed that a majority presence of girls in the classroom tends to enhance the academic performance of boys. In many parts of the world, girls face significant obstacles to accessing proper education. These obstacles include: early and forced marriages ; early pregnancy ; prejudice based on gender stereotypes at home, at school and in
4620-501: The victims of rape , are at risk of honor killing by their families. Girls' health suffers in cultures where girls are valued less than boys, and families allocate most resources to boys. A major threat to girls' health is early marriage, which often leads to early pregnancy . Girls forced into child marriage often become pregnant quickly after marriage, increasing their risk of complications and maternal mortality . Such complications resulting from pregnancy and birth at young ages are
4690-546: The world, especially in East Asia , South Asia and some Western countries' girls are sometimes seen as unwanted; in some cases, girls are selectively aborted, abused, mistreated or abandoned by their parents or relatives. In China, boys exceed girls by more than 30 million, suggesting over a million excess boys are born every year than expected for normal human sex ratio at birth. In India, scholars estimate from boy to girl ratio at birth that sex-selective abortions cause
4760-454: The world, especially in Africa, South Asia, Southeast and East Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and Oceania. The ten countries with the highest rates of child marriage are: Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, Bangladesh, Guinea, Mozambique, Mali, Burkina Faso, South Sudan, and Malawi. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses
4830-609: Was considered illegitimate. Her education was for the most part ignored by Henry VIII . Henry VIII 's widow, Catherine Parr , took an interest in the high intelligence of Elizabeth, and supported the decision to provide her with an impressive education after Henry's death, starting when Elizabeth was 9. Elizabeth received an education equal to that of a prominent male aristocrat; she was educated in Latin, Greek, Spanish, French, philosophy, history, mathematics and music. It has been argued that Elizabeth's education helped her grow up to become
4900-612: Was not the norm for women to be economically independent. Thus, where a girl's future well-being depended upon marrying her to a man who was economically self-sufficient, it was crucial to prepare her to meet whatever qualities or skills were popularly expected of wives. In cultures ranging from Ancient Greece to the twentieth-century United States, girls were taught essential domestic skills including sewing, cooking, gardening and basic hygiene, and medical care such as preparing balms and salves , and in some cases midwifery . These skills were passed orally from generation to generation, with
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