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145-532: Windows Search creates a local Index of files — audio tracks, documents, folders, programs, photos, and videos — as well as of non-file items such as contacts and messages of Microsoft Outlook and their metadata for which users can perform incremental searches based on details such as contents, dates, names, types, and sizes; the Index consists of prose within files and items and metadata properties. Control Panel and Settings can also be searched. Windows Search

290-476: A Movie is also a Film ). Users can query for items based on these mnemonics as well. Windows Search 4.0 (also previously referred to as Windows Live Search , codenamed Casino or OneView ) is the successor to the Windows Search platform for both Windows Desktop Search 3.0 on Windows XP as well as Instant Search on Windows Vista. It is mainly an update to the indexing components, with few changes to

435-468: A UNC path. Programmers specify the criteria for searches using SQL -like syntax. The SQL query can either be created by hand, or by using an implementation of the ISearchQueryHelper interface . Windows Search provides implementations of the interface to convert an AQS or NQS queries to their SQL counterpart. The OLE DB/SQL API implements the functionality for searching and querying across

580-778: A stand-alone application ; organizations can deploy it as multi-user software (through Microsoft Exchange Server or SharePoint ) for shared functions such as mailboxes , calendars , folders , data aggregation (i.e., SharePoint lists), and as appointment scheduling apps . Other than the paid software on Windows and Mac desktops that this article talks about, the Outlook name also covers several other current software: Outlook has replaced Microsoft's previous scheduling and email clients , Schedule+ and Exchange Client . Outlook 98 and Outlook 2000 offer two configurations: Perpetual versions of Microsoft Outlook include: Includes iOS and Android support Microsoft Outlook

725-524: A "secure" form on Microsoft Azure servers located in the United States. On Exchange accounts, these servers identify as a single Exchange ActiveSync user in order to fetch e-mail. Additionally, the app does not support mobile device management , nor allows administrators to control how third-party cloud storage services are used with the app to interact with their users. Concerns surrounding these security issues have prompted some firms, including

870-646: A Text or Long Text column. These indexes are called tuple indexes. They are used to speed queries with sub-string matching predicates. Tuple indexes can only be defined for Text columns. For example, if a Text column value is “I love JET Blue” , and the index is configured to have a minimum tuple size of 4 characters and a maximum tuple length of 10 characters, then the following sub-strings will be indexed: “ love JET ” “love JET B” “ove JET Bl” “ve JET Blu” “e JET Blue” “ JET Blue” “JET Blue” “ET Blue” “T Blue” “ Blue” “Blue” Even though tuple indexes can be very large, they can significantly speed queries of

1015-1377: A built-in Junk Mail filter. Service Pack 2 has augmented these features and adds an anti- phishing filter. Outlook add-ins are small additional programs for the Microsoft Outlook application, mainly purposed to add new functional capabilities into Outlook and automate various routine operations. The term also refers to programs where the main function is to work on Outlook files, such as synchronization or backup utilities . Outlook add-ins may be developed in Microsoft Visual Studio or third-party tools such as Add-in Express. Outlook add-ins are not supported in Outlook Web App . From Outlook 97 on, Exchange Client Extensions are supported in Outlook. Outlook 2000 and later support specific COM components called Outlook Add-Ins. The exact supported features (such as .NET components) for later generations were extended with each release. In March 2016, Salesforce announced that its relationship intelligence platform, SalesforceIQ , would be able to seamlessly integrate with Outlook. SalesforceIQ works from inside

1160-410: A character is typed in a search box, with subsequent entered characters further narrowing and refining results even before the full name, phrase, or word is entered. No information in the Index is sent to Microsoft. Windows Search is an extensible and programmable platform with multiple interfaces for operating over new or preexisting applications, data stores, file systems, and types: Windows Search

1305-593: A common architecture and indexing technology and use a compatible application programming interface (API). Searches are specified using the Advanced Query Syntax and are executed while the user types ( incremental find ). By default, it comes with a number of IFilters for the most common file types—documents, audio, video as well as protocol handlers for Microsoft Outlook e-mails. Other protocol handlers and IFilters can be installed as needed. Windows Desktop Search allows network shares to be added to

1450-780: A concurrency control mechanism called multi-versioning. In multi-versioning, every transaction queries a consistent view of the entire database as it was at the time the transaction started. The only updates it encounters are those made by it. In this way, each transaction operates as though it was the only active transaction running on the system, except in the case of write conflicts. Since a transaction may make changes based on data read that has already been updated in another transaction, multi-versioning by itself does not guarantee serializable transactions. However, serializability can be achieved when desired by simply using explicit record read locks to lock read data that updates are based upon. Both read and write locks may be explicitly requested with

1595-437: A database page size when data is stored in long value columns. When a long value reference is stored in a record, only 9 bytes of in-record data are required. These long values may themselves be up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size. Records are typically uniform in that each record has a set of values for the same set of columns. In ESE, it is also possible to define many columns for a table, and yet have any given record contain only

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1740-535: A drive that uses a different physical sector size ( Advanced Format Drives), ESENT will report errors. This is a known issue and Microsoft has hot fixes available. For Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 see KB2470478. For Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 see KB982018. JET Blue was originally developed by Microsoft as a prospective upgrade for the JET Red database engine in Microsoft Access , but

1885-539: A feature similar to sorting where the desired aggregate is a natural result of the sort process. Retrieving column data directly from secondary indexes is an important performance optimization. Columns may be retrieved directly from secondary indexes, without accessing the data records, via the RetrieveFromIndex flag on the RetrieveColumns operation. It is much more efficient to retrieve columns from

2030-430: A fractional position within an index. In this way, the cursor can be quickly moved to a thumb bar position. This operation is performed with the same speed as a Seek operation. No intervening data must be accessed. Each cursor has a copy buffer in order to create a new record, or modify an existing record, column by column. This is an internal buffer whose contents can be changed with SetColumns operations. Modifications of

2175-418: A given table, columns fall into one of two categories: those which either occur exactly once in each of the records, with possibly a few NULL values; and those which occur rarely, or which may have multiple occurrences in a single record. Fixed and variable columns belong to the former category, while tagged columns belong to the latter. The internal representation of the two column categories is different, and it

2320-452: A group-style conversation. The app lets users create groups, mention their contacts, share Office documents via OneDrive and work on them together, and participate in an email conversation. The app also allows the finding and joining of other Outlook Groups. It was tested internally at Microsoft and launched September 18, 2015, for Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 10 Mobile users. After its initial launch on Microsoft's own platforms they launched

2465-556: A large number of different e-mail services and platforms, including Exchange , iCloud , Gmail , Google Workspace (formerly G Suite), Outlook.com , and Yahoo! Mail . The app supports multiple email accounts at once. Emails are divided into two inboxes: the "Focused" inbox displays messages of high importance, and those from frequent contacts. All other messages are displayed within an "Other" section. Files, locations, and calendar events can be embedded into email messages. Swiping gestures can be used for deleting messages. Like

2610-486: A local Index of files and non-file items stored on a machine, which allows results to appear more rapidly when users perform searches than when searching for unindexed files or items. Microsoft suggests that a few hours may be necessary for the building process to complete, an assessment dependent on the number and size of files and non-file items to index. Windows Search enables incremental search ( search as you type or wordwheeling ) to present search results immediately when

2755-475: A media file). Preview handlers can also allow certain kind of selections (such as highlighting a text snippet) to be performed from the preview pane itself. In the Control Panel , the search bar in the window can also search for Control Panel options. However, unlike WDS, Windows Search does not support creating aliases. There is also a Search Explorer , which is an integrated Windows Explorer window that

2900-568: A more standards-compliant email client since the release of Outlook 2007. Outlook and Exchange Server internally handle messages, appointments, and items as objects in a data model which is derived from the old proprietary Microsoft Mail system, the Rich Text Format from Microsoft Word and the complex OLE general data model. When these programs interface with other protocols such as the various Internet and X.400 protocols, they try to map this internal model onto those protocols in

3045-401: A more user-friendly notion of file type; the new property abstracts filename extensions of items from the system and from the user by grouping these extensions separately and by mapping them to easily identifiable types (e.g., GIF, JPEG, and PNG photographs all are presented to the user as Pictures ). Items can belong to more than one type — a single Music item can also be a Video item, or

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3190-432: A new high speed backup method. Shadow copy backups are dramatically faster because the copy is virtually made after a brief period of quiescing an application. As subsequent updates are made to the data, the virtual copy is materialized. In some cases, hardware support for shadow copy backups means that actually saving the virtual copies is unnecessary. Shadow copy backups are always full backups. Restore can be used to apply

3335-471: A new interface. Early screenshots of the program featured the new "flair" interface design seen in other Windows Live client applications of the time such as Windows Live Messenger and Windows Live Mail . Windows Live Search Center could search web services which used the OpenSearch specification to make search results available as web feeds . It could aggregate searches from various indexes including

3480-450: A page to overflow, the page is split: a new page is allocated and is logically chained in between the two previously adjacent pages. Since this new page is not physically adjacent to its logical neighbors, access to it is not as efficient. ESE has an on-line compaction feature that re-compacts data. If a table is expected to be frequently updated, space may be reserved for future insertions by specifying an appropriate page density when creating

3625-443: A part of a transaction may be rolled back, without need to roll back the entire transaction; a CommitTransaction of a nested transaction merely signifies the success of one phase of processing, and the outer transaction may yet fail. Changes are committed to the database only when the outermost transaction is committed. This is known as committing to transaction level 0. When the transaction commits to transaction level 0, data describing

3770-523: A particular subject) but unlike WinFS it does not provide a relational item database with schema-based enforcement, management, and storage; it provides a way to search for commonalities that already exist across disparate types. Windows Search additionally deprecates the Indexing Service, as WinFS was originally meant to do. Microsoft ultimately removed the Indexing Service from Windows with the release of Windows 8 in 2012. Windows Search builds

3915-490: A proprietary Microsoft communications protocol that was formerly used by Hotmail. Extensible Storage Engine Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ), also known as JET Blue , is an ISAM (indexed sequential access method) data storage technology from Microsoft . ESE is the core of Microsoft Exchange Server , Active Directory , and Windows Search . It is also used by a number of Windows components including Windows Update client and Help and Support Center . Its purpose

4060-466: A record is inserted. As a result, the physical order of records in a DBK index is chronological insertion order, and new records are always added at the end of the table. If an application wishes to cluster data on a non-unique index, this is possible by adding an autoincrement column to the end of the non-unique index definition. Indexes can be defined over multi-valued columns. Multiple entries may exist in these indexes for records with multiple values for

4205-494: A restriction is to use an available index. However, if a query involves multiple restrictions then applications often process the restrictions by walking the full index range of the most restrictive predicate satisfied by a single index. Any remaining predicate, called the residual predicate, is processed by applying the predicate to the record itself. This is a simple method but has the disadvantage of potentially having to perform many disk accesses to bring records into memory to apply

4350-578: A secondary index, than from the record, when navigating by the index. If the column data were retrieved from the record, then an additional navigation is necessary to locate the record by the primary key. This may result in additional disk accesses. When an index provides all columns needed then it is called a covering index. Note that columns defined in the table primary index are also found in secondary indexes and can be similarly retrieved using JET_bitRetrieveFromPrimaryBookmark. Index keys are stored in normalized form which can be, in many cases, denormalized to

4495-498: A series of index ranges on indexes from the same table and returns a temporary table of primary keys that can be used to navigate to the base table records that satisfy all index predicates. A join is a common operation on a normalized table design, where logically related data is brought back together for use in an application. Joins can be expensive operations because many data accesses may be needed to bring related data into memory. This effort can be optimized in some cases by defining

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4640-545: A service licensing program that makes Office programs available as soon as they are developed). Outlook for Mac 15.3 improves upon its predecessors with: The "New Outlook for Mac" client , included with version 16.42 and above, became available for "Early Insider" testers in the fall of 2019, with a public "Insider" debut in October 2020. It requires macOS 10.14 or greater and introduces a redesigned interface with significantly changed internals, including native search within

4785-470: A single Document can also be a Link — and the Windows Shell can expose items to the user based on these types instead of on filename extensions (e.g., to manage in one operation items of different filename extensions, or to find items without if the filename extension is not known). Mnemonics for these types exist (e.g., a Contact item is also a Person , a Calendar item is an Appointment , and

4930-402: A single backup, or it can be used to apply a combination of a single full backup with one or more incremental backups. Further, any existing log files can be replayed as well to recreate an entire data set all the way up to the last transaction logged as committed to transaction level 0. Restoration of a backup can be made to any system capable of supporting the original application. It need not be

5075-410: A single base table that contains data for two or more logical tables. The column set of the base table is the union of the column sets of these logical tables. Tagged columns make this possible because of their good handling of both multi-valued and sparse valued data. Since related data is stored together in the same record, it is accessed together thereby minimizing the number of disk accesses to perform

5220-542: A single instance of the service can be shared across all users – thereby improving performance. Windows Desktop Search found itself in the midst of a controversy on October 25, 2007, when Windows Desktop Search 3.01 was automatically pushed out and installed on Windows when updated via Windows Server Update Services (WSUS). Microsoft responded with two posts on the WSUS Product Team Blog. Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 introduced Instant Search in

5365-435: A single instance, but all applications can also use multiple instances. The importance of the instance is that it associates a single recovery log series with one or more databases. Currently, up to 6 user databases may be attached to an ESE instance at any time. Each separate process using ESE may have up to 1024 ESE instances. A database is portable in that it can be detached from one running ESE instance and later attached to

5510-512: A small number of non-NULL column values. In this sense, a table can also be a collection of heterogeneous records. ESE supports a wide range of columns values, ranging in size from 1-bit to 2 GB. Choosing the correct column type is important because the type of a column determines many of its properties, including its ordering for indexes. The following data types are supported by ESE: Each ESE table can define up to 127 fixed length columns, 128 variable length columns and 64,993 tagged columns. For

5655-527: A standalone release – separate from Windows Live Toolbar. One of the significant new features is Windows Desktop Search 3.0 also installs the Property System on Windows XP introduced in Windows Vista. Windows Desktop Search 3.0 is geared for pre-Windows Vista users, hence the indexer was implemented as a Windows Service , rather than as a per-user application, so that the same index as well as

5800-558: A table or index. This allows split operations to be avoided or postponed. A record is an associated set of column values. Records are inserted and updated via Update operations and can be deleted via Delete operations. Columns are set and retrieved via SetColumns and RetrieveColumns operations, respectively. The maximum size of a record is 8110 bytes for 8 kilobyte pages with the exception of long value columns. Column types of LongText and LongBinary do not contribute significantly to this size limitation, and records can hold data much larger than

5945-495: A time in sorted order. Sorting is actually performed between the last record insertion and the first record retrieval. Temporary tables can be used for partial and complete result sets as well. These tables can offer the same features as base tables including the ability to navigate sequentially or directly to rows using index keys matching the sort definition. Temporary tables can also be updatable for computation of complex aggregates. Simple aggregates can be computed automatically with

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6090-402: A v1 ( JET Red ) and a v2 (JET Blue) that would conform to the same API specification (JET API). DAE became JET Blue for the color of the flag of Israel. BC7 ISAM became JET Red for the color of the flag of Russia. While JET Blue and JET Red were written to the same API specification, they shared no ISAM code whatsoever. They did both support a common query processor, QJET, which later together with

6235-450: A value. ESE tracks the change in a value rather than the end value of an update. Multiple sessions may each have outstanding changes made via EscrowUpdate to the same value because ESE can determine the actual end value regardless of which transactions commit and which transactions rollback. This allows multiple users to concurrently update a column by making numeric delta changes. Optionally, database engine can erase records with zero value of

6380-557: A way that can be reversed if the ultimate recipient is also running Outlook or Exchange. This focus on the possibility that emails and other items will ultimately be converted back to Microsoft Mail format is so extreme that if Outlook/Exchange cannot figure out a way to encode the complete data in the standard format, it simply encodes the entire message/item in a proprietary binary format called Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format (TNEF) and sends this as an attached file (usually named "winmail.dat") to an otherwise incomplete rendering of

6525-415: Is 2 GB. Version columns are automatically incremented by ESE each time a record containing this column is modified via an Update operation. This column cannot be set by the application, but can only be read. Applications of version columns include being used to determine if an in-memory copy of a given record needs to be refreshed. If the value in a table record is greater than the value in a cached copy then

6670-512: Is a logical pointer within a table index. The cursor may be positioned on a record, before the first record, after the last record or even between records. If a cursor is positioned before or after a record, there is no current record. It is possible to have multiple cursors into the same table index. Many record and column operations are based on the cursor position. Cursor position can be moved sequentially by Move operations or directly using index keys with Seek operations. Cursors can also be moved to

6815-732: Is also now integrated in addition to the indexed results. When clicking on the search result, the file will open immediately. Each search result also has a right click menu allowing the user to open the file's location. Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager software system from Microsoft , available as a part of the Microsoft 365 software suites. Though primarily being popular as an email client for businesses, Outlook also includes functions such as calendaring , task managing , contact managing , note-taking , journal logging , web browsing , and RSS news aggregation . Individuals can use Outlook as

6960-556: Is an email and personal information manager software primarily used in professional settings. As part of the Microsoft Office suite , it offers email management, contact storage, calendar scheduling, and task tracking. Outlook can function independently or as part of a larger Microsoft ecosystem, including integration with SharePoint for file sharing. While it stores email data locally for offline access, newer versions restrict link opening to Microsoft's own browsers. Privacy

7105-563: Is defined by the application, an artificial index is used which orders and clusters records by the chronological order of record insertion. Indexes are defined to persist interesting orders of data, and allow both sequential access to records in index order, and direct access to records by index column values. Clustered indexes in ESE must also be primary, meaning that the index key must be unique. Clustered and non-clustered indexes are represented using B+ trees . If an insert or update operation causes

7250-425: Is described in terms of an array of columns, in precedence order. This array of columns is also called the index key. Each column is called an index segment. Each index segment may be either ascending or descending, in terms of its ordering contribution. Any number of indexes may be defined for a table. ESE provides a rich set of indexing features. One index may be specified as the clustered, or primary, index. In ESE,

7395-721: Is designed to consolidate functionality that would normally be found in separate apps on mobile devices, similar to personal information managers on personal computers . It is designed around four "hubs" for different tasks, including "Mail", "Calendar," "Files" and "People". The "People" hub lists frequently and recently used contacts and aggregates recent communications with them, and the "Files" hub aggregates recent attachments from messages, and can also integrate with other online storage services such as Dropbox , Google Drive , and OneDrive . To facilitate indexing of content for search and other features, emails and other information are stored on external servers. Outlook mobile supports

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7540-572: Is implemented as a Windows Service . The search service implements the Windows Search configuration and query APIs and also controls, as well as all indexing and query components. The most important component of Windows Search is the Indexer, which crawls the file system on initial setup, and then listens for file system notifications to pick up changed files in order to create and maintain the index of data. It achieves this using three processes: The search service consists of several components, including

7685-490: Is important to understand the trade offs between the column categories. Fixed and variable columns are typically represented in every record, even when the occurrence has a NULL value. These columns can be quickly addressed via an offset table. Tagged column occurrences are preceded by a column identifier and the column is located by binary searching the set of tagged columns. Column types of Long Text and Long Binary are large binary objects. They are stored in separate B+tree from

7830-422: Is lightweight making it suitable for auxiliary applications. The ESE Runtime (ESENT.DLL) has shipped in every Windows release since Windows 2000 , with native x64 version of the ESE runtime shipping with x64 versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 . Microsoft Exchange , up to Exchange 2003 shipped with only the 32-bit edition, as it was the only supported platform. With Exchange 2007 , it ships with

7975-561: Is locale dependent and uses different keywords in international versions of Windows 7. Users can access the Windows Search index programmatically using managed as well as native code. Native code connects to the index catalog by using a Data Source Object retrieved from the Indexing Service OLE DB provider. Managed code use the MSIDXS ADO.NET provider. One can query a catalog on a remote machine by specifying

8120-560: Is maintained: the Gather Queue . The Gather Queue maintains a prioritized queue of URIs that needs indexing. The Backoff Controller mentioned above monitors the available system resources, and controls the rate at which the indexer runs. It has three states: Windows Search queries are specified in Advanced Query Syntax (AQS) which supports not only simple text searches but provides advanced property-based query operations as well. AQS defines certain keywords which can be used to refine

8265-412: Is not documented nor guaranteed; the format saw over 10 versions released since version 1 in 2008. The standard .eml format replicates the format of emails as used for transmission and is therefore compatible with any email client which uses the normal protocols. Standard-compliant email clients, like Mozilla Thunderbird , use additional headers to store software-specific information related e.g. to

8410-420: Is required with streamed backups. Both the database and log files are check summed to ensure that no data corruptions exist within the data set during the backup process. Streaming backups may also be incremental backups. Incremental backups are ones in which only the log files are copied and which can be restored along with a previous full backup to bring all databases to a recent state. Shadow copy backups are

8555-653: Is severely degraded in latest versions, as new Outlook sends passwords, mails and other data to Microsoft. Outlook 2002 introduced these new features: Outlook 2003 introduced these new features: Features that debuted in Outlook 2007 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2010 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2013, which was released on January 29, 2013, include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2016, include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2019, include: Microsoft made several versions of Outlook for older Mac computers, but only for email accounts on specific company servers ( Exchange ). It wasn't part of

8700-625: Is the default registered handler for the protocol) launches the Search Explorer with the results of the search. In Windows Vista SP1 or later, third-party handlers can also register themselves as the application protocol handler, so that searches can be performed using any search engine which the user has set as default, and not just Windows Search. The Windows Search service provides the Notifications API component to allow applications to "push" changed items that need indexing to

8845-554: Is the first native version of Outlook for MacOS . Outlook 2011 initially supported Mac OS X's Sync Services only for contacts, not events, tasks or notes. It also does not have a Project Manager equivalent to that in Entourage. With Service Pack 1 (v 14.1.0), published on April 12, 2011, Outlook can now sync calendar, notes and tasks with Exchange 2007 and Exchange 2010. On October 31, 2014, Microsoft released Outlook for Mac (v15.3 build 141024) with Office 365 (a software as

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8990-536: Is the successor of the Indexing Service, a content indexing solution originally developed as an optional download for Windows NT 4.0 and Internet Information Services 3.0, designed to gather resources located on Web servers; it is a remainder of the Object File System of the Cairo operating system project that never fully emerged. Development of Windows Search began in 2004 after the postponement of WinFS,

9135-435: Is to allow applications to store and retrieve data via indexed and sequential access. ESE provides transacted data update and retrieval. A crash recovery mechanism is provided so that data consistency is maintained even in the event of a system crash. Transactions in ESE are highly concurrent making ESE suitable for server applications. ESE caches data intelligently to ensure high performance access to data. In addition, ESE

9280-539: Is used for searches. It presents the user interface to specify the search parameters, including locations and file types that should be searched, and certain operators, without crafting the AQS queries by hand. With Windows Vista SP1, third-party applications will be able to override the Search Explorer as the default search interface so that the registered third-party application will be launched, instead of bringing up

9425-453: The IFilter() interface). IFilter implementations allow only read-only extraction of text and properties, whereas IPropertyStore allows writing properties as well. Windows Desktop Search, a standalone add-on made available as freeware, is the implementation of Windows Search for Windows 2000 , Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 . Windows Desktop Search and Windows Search share

9570-556: The \ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Applications\Windows\ folder at the root of the system drive in Windows Vista or in later versions of Windows. (The corresponding location in Windows XP is \All Users\Application Data\Microsoft\Search\Data\Applications\Windows\ inside the Documents and Settings folder.) The index store, called SystemIndex , contains all retrievable Windows IPropertyStore values for indexed items. Within

9715-576: The CollatorDSO provider. However, the OLE DB provider is read-only, supporting only SELECT and GROUP ON SQL statements. Windows Search also registers a search-ms application protocol, which can be used to represent searches as URIs . The search parameters and filters are encoded in the URI using AQS or its natural language counterpart, NQS. When Explorer invokes the URI, Windows Search (which

9860-567: The European Parliament , to block the app on their Exchange servers. Microsoft maintains a separate, pre-existing Outlook Web Access app for Android and iOS. Outlook Groups was a mobile application for Windows Phone , Windows 10 Mobile , Android and iOS that could be used with an Office 365 domain Microsoft Account, e.g. a work or school account. It is designed to take existing email threads and turn them into

10005-646: The Gatherer , the Merger , the Backoff Controller, and the Query Processor, among others. The Gatherer retrieves the list of URIs that need to be crawled and invokes proper protocol handler to access the store that hosts the URI, and then the proper property-handler (to extract metadata) and IFilter to extract the document text. Different indices are created during different runs; it is the job of

10150-498: The Merger to periodically merge the indices. While indexing, the indices are generally maintained in-memory and then flushed to disk after a merge to reduce disk I/O. The metadata is stored in property store, which is a database maintained by the ESE database engine. The text is tokenized and the tokens are stored in a custom database built using Inverted Indices . Apart from the indices and property store, another persistent data structure

10295-454: The 64-bit edition. A database is both a physical and logical grouping of data. An ESE database looks like a single file to Windows. Internally the database is a collection of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 KB pages (16 and 32 KB page options are only available in Windows 7 and Exchange 2010), arranged in a balanced B-tree structure. These pages contain meta-data to describe the data contained within

10440-538: The BC7 ISAM became synonymous with JET Red. JET Blue first shipped in 1994 as an ISAM for WINS, DHCP, and the now defunct RPL services in Windows NT 3.5. It shipped again as the storage engine for Microsoft Exchange in 1996. Additional Windows services chose JET Blue as their storage technology and by 2000 every version of Windows began to ship with JET Blue. JET Blue was used by Active Directory and became part of

10585-456: The GetLock operation. In addition, an advanced concurrency control feature known as escrow locking is supported by ESE. Escrow locking is an extremely concurrent update where a numeric value is changed in a relative fashion, i.e. by adding or subtracting another numeric value. Escrow updates are non-conflicting even with other concurrent escrow updates to the same datum. This is possible because

10730-651: The Notifications API, monitoring the Change Journal in an NTFS volume to keep track of files that have changed on the volume. If the file is in a location indexed by Windows Search and does not have the FANCI ( File Attribute Not Content Indexed ) attribute set, the Windows Search service is notified of its path via the Notification API. Windows Search Configuration APIs are used to specify

10875-481: The Outlook inbox providing data from CRM , email, and customer social profiles. It also provides recommendations within the inbox on various aspects like appointment scheduling , contacts, responses, etc. Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector (formerly Microsoft Office Outlook Connector ), is a discontinued and defunct free add-in for Microsoft Outlook 2003, 2007 and 2010, intended to integrate Outlook.com (formerly Hotmail) into Microsoft Outlook. It uses DeltaSync ,

11020-408: The Search Explorer, when invoked by any means. It is also possible to save a search query as a Virtual Folder , called a Saved Search or Search Folder which, when accessed, runs the search with the saved query and returns the results as a folder listing. Physically, a search folder is just an XML file (with a .search-ms extension) which stores the search query (in either AQS or NQS), including

11165-569: The Start menu and in Windows Explorer. It offers a superset of the features provided by Windows Desktop Search (WDS), while being API compatible with it. Unlike WDS, it can seamlessly search indexed as well as non-indexed locations – for indexed locations the index is used and for non-indexed locations, the property handlers and IFilters are invoked on the fly as the search is being performed. This allows for more consistent results, though at

11310-455: The Start menu, the results are shown in the Start menu itself, overlapping the recently used programs. From the Start menu, it is also possible to launch an application by searching for its executable image name or display name. Searching from the search bars in Explorer windows replaces the content of the current folder with the search results. The Explorer windows can also render thumbnails in

11455-526: The SystemIndex folder lurk SystemIndex.*.Crwl and SystemIndex.*.gthr files. The names and locations of documents in the system are exposed as a table with the column names System. ItemName and System. ItemURL respectively. A SQL query can directly reference these tables and index catalogues and use the MSIDXS provider to run queries against them. The search index can also be used via OLE DB, using

11600-641: The Windows Desktop Search index, Windows RSS Platform common feed store, and Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft SharePoint indexes, among others. The first beta of Windows Search 4.0 was released on March 27, 2008. It included numerous performance improvements to the indexer and brought new features, including previously Vista-exclusive ones, to XP, including Group Policy integration, federation of searches to remote indexes, support for EFS -encrypted files and Vista-style preview handlers that allow document-type specific browsing of documents in

11745-450: The Windows Search indexer performs the I/O operations with low priority , the process also runs with low CPU priority. As a result, whenever other processes require the I/O bandwidth or processor time, it is able to pre-empt the indexer, thereby significantly reducing the performance hit associated with the indexer running in the background. Windows Search supports natural language searches; so

11890-566: The Windows Search indexer. Applications use the component to supply the URIs of the items that need to be indexed, and the URIs are written to the Gather Queue, where they are read off by the indexer. Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft OneNote use this ability to index the items managed by them and use Windows Search queries to provide the in-application searching features. The internal USN Journal Notifier component of Windows Search also uses

12035-508: The Windows XP user interface and none on Windows Vista. It added remote query support to Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 based systems, which used to be a Vista-only feature. This allows a user with a Vista client (or an XP client with Windows Search 4.0) to search the index of networked machines which are also running a supported operating system. Windows Search 4.0 was originally proposed by Microsoft's Windows Live division as an application that would unify local and remote indexed search in

12180-414: The amount of disk space needed for the log but has implications on the ability to recreate a data state in the event of a media failure. Logging and recovery also play a role in protecting data from media failure. ESE supports on-line backup where one or more databases are copied, along with log files in a manner that does not affect database operations. Databases can continue to be queried and updated while

12325-400: The application for Android and iOS on September 23, 2015. Outlook Groups was updated on September 30, 2015, that introduced a deep linking feature as well as fixing a bug that blocked the "send" button from working. In March 2016 Microsoft added the ability to attach multiple images, and the most recently used document to group messages as well as the option to delete conversations within

12470-426: The application programme. Outlook Groups was retired by Microsoft on May 1, 2018. The functionality was replaced by adding the "Groups node" to the folder list within the Outlook mobile app. Outlook 2007 was the first Outlook to switch from Internet Explorer rendering engine to Microsoft Word 2007 's. This meant that HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) items not handled by Word were no longer supported. On

12615-505: The backup is being made. The backup is referred to as a ‘fuzzy backup’ because the recovery process must be run as part of backup restoration to restore a consistent set of databases. Both streaming and shadow copy backup are supported. Streaming backup is a backup method where copies of all desired database files and the necessary log files are made during the backup process. File copies may be saved directly to tape or can be made to any other storage device. No quiescing of activity of any kind

12760-436: The cached copy is known to be out of date. Version columns must be of type Long. Auto increment columns are automatically set by ESE such that the value contained in the column is unique for every record in the table. These columns, like version columns, cannot be set by the application. Auto increment columns are read only, and are automatically set when a new record is inserted into a table via an Update operation. The value in

12905-624: The client that no longer depends on macOS Spotlight . Some Outlook features are still missing from the New Outlook client as it continues in development. To date, the Macintosh client has never had the capability of syncing Contact Groups/Personal Distribution Lists from Exchange, Microsoft 365 or Outlook.com accounts, something that the Windows and web clients have always supported. A UserVoice post created in December 2019 suggesting that

13050-411: The clustered index keyed by long value id and byte offset. ESE supports append, byte range overwrite, and set size for these columns. Also, ESE has a single instance store feature where multiple records may reference the same large binary object, as though each record had its own copy of the information, i.e. without inter-record locking conflicts. The maximum size of a Long Text or Long Binary column value

13195-406: The clustered index must be unique and is referred to as the primary index. Other indexes are described as non-clustered, or secondary, indexes. Primary indexes are different from secondary indexes in that the index entry is the record itself, and not a logical pointer to the record. Secondary indexes have primary keys at their leaves to logically link to the record in the primary index. In other words,

13340-408: The column remains constant for the life of the record, and only one auto increment column is allowed per table. Auto increment columns may be of type Long or type Currency. Escrow columns can be modified via an EscrowUpdate operation. Escrowed updates are numeric delta operations. Escrow columns must be of type Long. Examples of numeric delta operations include adding 2 to a value or subtracting 1 from

13485-428: The column. A common use for such escrow column is reference counter: many threads increment/decrement the value without locks, and when the counter reaches zero, the record automatically gets deleted. An index is a persisted ordering of records in a table. Indexes are used for both sequential access to rows in the order defined, and for direct record navigation based on indexed column values. The order defined by an index

13630-786: The common data storage platform developed for Windows Vista , as an optional component of its MSN Toolbar Suite ("MSN Toolbar Suite with Desktop Search") for Windows XP and Windows 2000 released as preliminary software on December 13, 2004. In prerelease builds of Windows Vista it was integrated with the Windows Shell, renamed as the Windows Search Engine, and introduced features that were originally touted as benefits of WinFS: content indexing, incremental searching, property stacking, and query persisting . Windows Search like WinFS enables queries across existing commonalities between items (such as finding all messages with attachments, or all messages with PowerPoint slides that mention only

13775-558: The configuration settings, such as the root of the URIs that needs to be monitored, setting the frequency of crawling or viewing status information like number of items indexed or length of the gather queue or the reason for throttling the indexer. It also exposes APIs to register protocol handlers (via the ISearchProtocol() interface , property handlers (via the IPropertyStore() interface) or IFilter implementations (via

13920-549: The contents of a saved search so that the scope references the %USERPROFILE% environment variable , which will enable it to operate on other machines or profiles regardless of the original author, Microsoft has released a SearchMelt Creator utility that automates this process for the user. With the release of Windows Vista and the Microsoft Property System, the System.Kind property was introduced to express

14065-477: The copy buffer do not automatically change the stored data. The contents of the current record can be copied into the copy buffer using the PrepareUpdate operation, and Update operations store the contents of the copy buffer as a record. The copy buffer is implicitly cleared on a transaction commit or rollback, as well as on navigation operations. RetrieveColumns may be used to retrieve column data either from

14210-471: The cost of searching speed over non-indexed locations. Windows Search uses Group Policy for centralized management. Windows Search also supports queries against a remote index. Windows Search indexes offline caches of network shares , in addition to the local file systems. This means if the file server, on which a network file share is hosted, is running either Windows Vista or a later version of Windows or Windows Search 4.0 on Windows XP, any searches against

14355-428: The database, data itself, indexes to persist interesting orders of the data, and other information. This information is intermixed within the database file but efforts are made to keep data used together clustered together within the database. An ESE database may contain up to 2 pages, or 16 terabytes of data, for 8 kilobyte sized pages. ESE databases are organized into groups called instances. Most applications use

14500-485: The desired effect. Some HTML attributes help achieve proper rendering of e-mails in Outlook, but most of these attributes are already deprecated in the HTML 4.0 specifications (1997) . In order to achieve the best compatibility with Outlook, most HTML e-mails are created using multiple boxed tables, as the table element and its sub-elements support the width and height property in Outlook. No improvements have been made towards

14645-527: The desktop Outlook, Outlook mobile allows users to see appointment details, respond to Exchange meeting invites, and schedule meetings. It also incorporates the three-day view and "Interesting Calendars" features from Sunrise. Files in the Files tab are not stored offline; they require Internet access to view. Outlook mobile temporarily stores and indexes user data (including email, attachments, calendar information, and contacts), along with login credentials, in

14790-512: The document author was also added. The landing page allows the user to filter searches depending on whether the user looking for documents, pictures or settings. Spell-correction was also added to Windows Search when searching for Apps & Settings to ensure a wider range of results were shown. The search box in File Explorer now opens as soon as you click in the box and provides a dropdown of recent searches. Microsoft OneDrive content

14935-409: The event of a system crash. Logging is the process of redundantly recording database update operations in a log file. The log file structure is very robust against system crashes. Recovery is the process of using this log to restore databases to a consistent state after a system crash. Transaction operations are logged and the log is flushed to disk during each commit to transaction level 0. This allows

15080-506: The form: find all records containing “JET Blue” . They can be used for sub-strings longer than the maximum tuple length by dividing the search sub-string into maximum tuple length search strings and intersecting the results. They can be used for exact matches for strings as long as the maximum tuple length or as short as the minimum tuple length, with no index intersection. For more information on performing index intersection in ESE see Index Intersection . Tuple indexes cannot speed queries where

15225-419: The index. The Windows Desktop Search functionality is exposed via a Windows Taskbar mounted deskbar, accessible via a ⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + F keyboard shortcut . It provides a text field to type the query and the results are presented in a flyout pane. It also integrates as a Windows Explorer window. On selecting a file in the Explorer window, a preview of the file is shown in the right hand side of

15370-433: The indexed column. Multi-valued columns may be indexed in conjunction with single valued columns. When two or more multi-valued columns are indexed together, then the multi-valued property is only honored for the first multi-value column in the index. Lower precedence columns are treated as though they were single valued. Indexes can also be defined to be sparse. Sparse indexes do not have at least one entry for each record in

15515-487: The indices and property stores. It uses a variant of SQL in which to represent the query (regular SQL with certain restrictions) and returns results as OLE DB Rowsets . Whenever a query executes, the parts of the index it used are temporarily cached so that further searches filtering the result set need not access the disk again, in order to improve performance. Windows Search stores its index in an Extensible Storage Engine file named Windows.edb that exists, by default, in

15660-443: The join. This process can be extended to a large number of logical tables as ESE can support up to 64,993 tagged columns. Since indexes can be defined over multi-valued columns, it is still possible to index ‘interior’ tables. However, some limitations exist and applications should consider pre-joining carefully before employing this technique. The logging and recovery feature of ESE supports guaranteed data integrity and consistency in

15805-616: The local storage of the email, while keeping the file plain-text, so that it can be read in any text editor and searched or indexed like any document by any other software. As part of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, Microsoft took corrective steps to fix Outlook's reputation in Office Outlook 2003. Among the most publicized security features are that Office Outlook 2003 does not automatically load images in HTML emails or permit opening executable attachments by default, and includes

15950-882: The mail/item. If the recipient is Outlook/Exchange it can simply discard the incomplete outer message and use the encapsulated data directly, but if the recipient is any other program, the message received will be incomplete because the data in the TNEF attachment will be of little use without the Microsoft software for which it was created. As a workaround, numerous tools for partially decoding TNEF files exist. Outlook does not fully support data and syncing specifications for calendaring and contacts, such as iCalendar , CalDAV , SyncML , and vCard 3.0. Outlook 2007 claims to be fully iCalendar compliant; however, it does not support all core objects, such as VTODO or VJOURNAL. Also, Outlook supports vCard 2.1 and does not support multiple contacts in

16095-500: The meantime; else the operation fails at once without waiting. Read-only transactions never need to wait, and update transactions can interfere only with one another updating transaction. Transactions which are terminated by Rollback, or by a system crash, leave no trace on the database. In general, the data state is restored on Rollback to what it was prior to BeginTransaction. Transactions may be nested up to 7 levels, with one additional level reserved for ESE internal use. This means that

16240-422: The middle of an index, as determined by the primary index order, may be very much slower than appending it to the end of an index. Update frequency must be carefully considered against retrieval patterns when performing table design. If no primary index is defined for a table, then an implicit primary index, called a database key (DBK) index is created. The DBK is simply a unique ascending number incremented each time

16385-498: The missing functionality be added has shown a "Planned" tag since October 2020. In March 2023, Microsoft announced that Outlook for Mac will be available for free. This means that users no longer need a Microsoft 365 subscription or an Office licence to use the program. First released in April 2014 by the venture capital -backed startup Acompli , the company was acquired by Microsoft in December 2014. On January 29, 2015, Acompli

16530-622: The next year a team of four developers worked for Allen to largely complete the ISAM. Microsoft already had the BC7 ISAM (JET Red) but began the Data Access Engine (DAE) effort to build a more robust database engine as an entry in the then new client-server architecture realm. In the spring of 1990, BC7 ISAM and DAE teams were joined to become the Joint Engine Technology (JET) effort; responsible for producing two engines

16675-416: The operations supported are commutable and can be independently committed or rolled back. As a result, they do not interfere with concurrent update transactions. This feature is often used for maintained aggregations. ESE also extends transaction semantics from data manipulation operations to data definition operations. It is possible to add an index to a table and have concurrently running transactions update

16820-445: The original column value. Normalization is not always reversible. For example, Text and Long Text column types cannot be denormalized. In addition, index keys may be truncated when column data is very long. In cases where columns cannot be retrieved directly from secondary indexes, the record can always be accessed to retrieve the necessary data. Queries often involve a combination of restrictions on data. An efficient means of processing

16965-568: The other hand, HTML messages composed in Word look as they appeared to the author. This affects publishing newsletters and reports, because they frequently use intricate HTML and CSS to form their layout. For example, forms can no longer be embedded in an Outlook email. Outlook for Windows has very limited CSS support compared to various other e-mail clients. Neither CSS1 (1996) nor CSS2 (1998) specifications are fully implemented and many CSS properties can only to be used with certain HTML elements for

17110-696: The predefined string. For example, "!calc" opens the Windows Calculator . The help documentation includes syntax for creating application aliases out of any text string, regardless of prefix. This feature can also be used to create shortcut for URLs, which when entered, will open the specified URL in browser. It can also be used to send parametrized information over the URL, which are used to create search aliases. For example, "w text" can be configured to search "text" in Misplaced Pages. Windows Desktop Search

17255-455: The preview pane. Windows Search 4.0 was released on June 3, 2008, and is supported on XP, Windows Server 2003, Vista, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Home Server . In Windows 10, Windows Search was added to the taskbar in place of the Start menu in earlier versions of Windows. A new landing page was added showing users their top apps and recent activities on their computer. The landing page also provides quick searches provided from Bing for

17400-403: The record or from the copy buffer, if one exists. ESE applications invariably query their data. This section of the document describes features and techniques for applications to write query procession logic on ESE. ESE provides a sort capability in the form of temporary tables. The application inserts data records into the sort process one record at a time, and then retrieves them one record at

17545-509: The recovery process to redo updates made by transactions which commit to transaction level 0, and undo changes made by transactions which did not commit to transaction level 0. This type of recovery scheme is often referred to as a ‘roll-forward/roll-backward’ recovery scheme. Logs can be retained until the data is safely copied via a backup process described below, or logs can be reused in a circular fashion as soon as they are no longer needed for recovery from system crash. Circular logging minimizes

17690-430: The regular Microsoft Office package for Mac. Microsoft Entourage was Microsoft's email app for Mac. It was similar to Outlook but didn't work well with Exchange email at first. Over time, it got better at handling Exchange, but it was always a different program than Outlook. Entourage was replaced by Outlook for Mac 2011, which features greater compatibility and parity with Outlook for Windows than Entourage offered. It

17835-433: The residual predicate. Index intersection is an important query mechanism in which multiple indexes are used together to more efficiently process a complex restriction. Instead using only a single index, index ranges on multiple indexes are combined to result in a much smaller number of records on which any residual predicate can be applied. ESE makes this easy by supplying an IntersectIndexes operation. This operation accepts

17980-399: The same machine, or even the same machine configuration. Location of files can be changed as part of the restoration process. When an ESENT database is created, the physical disk sector size is stored with the database. The physical sector size is expected to remain consistent between sessions; otherwise, an error is reported. When a physical drive is cloned or restored from a drive image to

18125-403: The same or a different running instance. While detached, a database may be copied using standard Windows utilities. The database cannot be copied while it is being actively used since ESE opens database files exclusively. A database may physically reside on any device supported for directly addressable I/O operations by Windows. A table is a homogeneous collection of records, where each record has

18270-528: The same set of columns. Each table is identified by a table name, whose scope is local to the database in which the table is contained. The amount of disk space allocated to a table within a database is determined by a parameter given when the table is created with the CreateTable operation. Tables grow automatically in response to data creation. Tables have one or more indexes. There must be at least one clustered index for record data. When no clustered index

18415-585: The same table without any transaction lock contention whatsoever. Later, when these transactions are complete, the newly created index is available to all transactions and has entries for record updates made by other transactions that could not perceive the presence of the index when the updates took place. Data definition operations may be performed with all the features expected of the transaction mechanism for record updates. Data definition operations supported in this fashion include AddColumn, DeleteColumn, CreateIndex, DeleteIndex, CreateTable and DeleteTable. A cursor

18560-531: The search operators as well. Windows Vista also supports query composition, where a saved search (called a scope ) can be nested within the query string of another search. Search Folders are also distributable via RSS . By default, Windows references the profile of the user who originally created a Search Folder as part of the query's scope. This design choice does not prevent saved searches from being shared with other users, but it prevents them from operating on different user profiles. While users can manually modify

18705-488: The search query, such as specifying Boolean operations on searched terms (AND, OR, NOT) as well as to specify further filters based on file metadata or file type. It can also be used to limit results from specific information stores like regular files, offline files cache, or email stores. File type specific operators are available as well. Windows Desktop Search also supports wildcard prefix matching searches. It also includes several SQL -like operators like GROUP BY . AQS

18850-400: The search results if a Thumbnail Handler is registered for a particular file type. It can also render enhanced previews of items in a Preview Pane without launching the default application , if the application has registered a Preview Handler . This can provide functionality such as file type-specific navigation (such a browsing a presentation using next/previous controls, or seeking inside

18995-457: The search string is shorter than the minimum tuple length. A transaction is a logical unit of processing delimited by BeginTransaction and CommitTransaction, or Rollback, operations. All updates performed during a transaction are atomic; they either all appear in the database at the same time or none appear. Any subsequent updates by other transactions are invisible to a transaction. However, a transaction can update only data that has not changed in

19140-434: The share will be queried against the server's index and present the results to the client system, filtering out the files the user does not have access to. This procedure is transparent to the user. Microsoft Outlook e-mail stores starting with Outlook 2007, though Outlook 2002 and Outlook 2003 and Microsoft OneNote stores are also indexed if installed alongside Windows Search. Unlike Windows Desktop Search on Windows XP,

19285-399: The table is physically clustered in primary index order. Retrieval of non-indexed record data in primary index order is generally much faster than in secondary index order. This is because a single disk access can bring into memory multiple records that will be access close together in time. The same disk access satisfies multiple record access operations. However, the insertion of a record into

19430-478: The table. There are a number of options in defining a sparse index. Options exist to exclude records from indexes when an entire index key is NULL, when any key segment is NULL or when just the first key segment is NULL. Indexes can also have conditional columns. These columns never appear within an index but can cause a record not to be indexed when the conditional column is either NULL or non-NULL. Indexes can also be defined to include one entry for each sub-string of

19575-413: The transaction is synchronously flushed to the log to ensure that the transaction will be completed even in the event of a subsequent system crash. Synchronously flushing the log makes ESE transactions durable. However, in some cases application wish to order their updates, but not immediately guarantee that changes will be done. Here, applications can commit changes with JET_bitIndexLazyFlush. ESE supports

19720-570: The user can search for things like "photo taken last week" or "email sent from Dave". However, this is disabled by default. Natural language search expresses the queries in Natural Query Syntax (NQS), which is the natural language equivalent of AQS. The search functionality is exposed using the search bars in the Start menu and the upper right hand corner of Windows Explorer windows, as well as Open/Save dialog boxes. When searching from

19865-451: The vCard format as a single file. Outlook has also been criticized for having proprietary "Outlook extensions" to these Internet standards. Outlook (both the web version and recent non-web versions) promotes the usage of a proprietary .msg format to save individual emails, instead of the standard .eml format. Messages use .msg by default when saved to disk or forwarded as attachments. Compatibility with past or future Outlook versions

20010-538: The weather, top news stories, today in history and new movies. The landing page also serves as a space that Microsoft can advertise in, such as with the new Chromium-based version of Microsoft Edge. A preview pane from within the Search UI was added that supports apps and documents. When searching for a program, the taskbar jumplists for each program are shown in the preview pane and when searching for documents, file metadata such as file location, date last modified and

20155-410: The window, without opening the application which created the file. Web searches can be initiated from both interfaces, but that will open the browser to search the terms using the default search engine. The deskbar also has the capability to create application aliases, which are short strings which can be set to open different applications. This functionality is accessed by prefixing the ! character to

20300-406: Was bundled with MSN Toolbar, while the other was available as a standalone application. Later, when MSN Toolbar was discontinued in favor of Windows Live Toolbar , the home edition of Windows Desktop Search was discontinued as well. The last version available for Windows 2000 is Windows Desktop Search 2.66. For Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, version 3.0 of Windows Desktop Search was provided as

20445-505: Was initially released as MSN Desktop Search , as a part of the MSN Toolbar suite. It was re-introduced as Windows Desktop Search with version 2, while still being distributed with MSN Toolbar Suite. For Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, it came in two flavors, one for home users and the other for enterprise use. The only difference between the two was that the latter could be configured via group policy. The home edition

20590-455: Was introduced to enhance search result rapidity, simplify data discovery, and to unify desktop search platforms across Microsoft Windows ; it was available as an optional download for Windows 2000 and Windows XP. It has received several updates since its introduction and it is also available in Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows RT , Windows 8.1 , Windows 10 , and Windows 11 . Windows Search

20735-563: Was never used in this role. Instead, it went on to be used by Exchange Server, Active Directory, File Replication Service (FRS), Security Configuration Editor, Certificate Services, Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) and a host of other Microsoft services, applications and Windows components. For years, it was a private API used by Microsoft only, but has since become a published API that anyone can use. Work began on Data Access Engine (DAE) in March 1989 when Allen Reiter joined Microsoft. Over

20880-465: Was re-branded as Outlook Mobile—sharing its name with the Microsoft Outlook desktop personal information manager and Outlook.com email service. In January 2015, Microsoft released Outlook for phones and for tablets (v1.3 build) with Office 365 . This was the first Outlook for these platforms with email, calendar, and contacts. On February 4, 2015, Microsoft acquired Sunrise Calendar ; on September 13, 2016, Sunrise ceased to operate, and an update

21025-558: Was released to Outlook Mobile that contained enhancements to its calendar functions. Similar to its desktop counterpart, Outlook mobile offers an aggregation of attachments and files stored on cloud storage platforms; a "focused inbox" highlights messages from frequent contacts, and calendar events, files, and locations can be embedded in messages without switching apps. The app supports a number of email platforms and services, including Outlook.com , Microsoft Exchange and Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) among others. Outlook mobile

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