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51-452: Regional suyu wiphalas are composed of a 7 × 7 square patchwork in seven colors, arranged diagonally. The precise configuration varies based on the particular suyu represented by the emblem . The color of the longest diagonal line (seven squares) corresponds to one of four regions the flag represents: white for Qullasuyu , yellow for Kuntisuyu , red for Chinchaysuyu , and green for Antisuyu . Indigenous rebel Túpac Katari

102-567: A Returned and Services League (RSL) club building and tore down its flag before setting it on fire. The youth was sentenced to 12 months probation not for flag desecration but for the destruction of property of the RSL. In October of that year the youth accepted an invitation from the RSL to carry the Australian flag along with war veterans in the Anzac Day march the following year. However,

153-739: A football match during which there had been whistles against La Marseillaise , but also to similar actions during public ceremonies. The amendment initially prohibited such behaviour regardless of the context, but a parliamentary commission later restricted its scope to events organized or regulated by public authorities, which is to be understood, according to the ruling of the Constitutional Council , as events organized by public authorities, mass sport matches and other mass events taking place in enclosures, but not private speech, literary or artistic works, or speech during events not organized or regulated by public authorities. In 2006,

204-466: A 13-year-old girl was sentenced to 12 months probation for flag desecration during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests . She received a curfew as well as a criminal record; the act was described as "rash" by magistrate Kelly Shui. Government intervention was on the basis of "(Maliciously) challenging the national sovereignty". Croatian history recalls the burning of the flag of the Kingdom of Hungary during

255-532: A Brazilian flag of the same size in a prominent position alongside it. Chapter VI of the law states, in article 35, that the act of a civilian breaking this law is considered a misdemeanor , punished with a fine of one to four times the highest reference value active in the country, doubled in repeated infringement cases. In the Brazilian Armed Forces' Military Penal Code, article 161, a soldier, airman or seaman who disrespects any national symbol

306-827: A fine of up to €1,600. Flag desecration is not, in itself, a crime in Canada. Acts of this nature are forms of expression protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . In 1990, during heated political times around the Meech Lake Accord , the flag of Quebec was desecrated by protestors in Brockville, Ontario opposed to Quebec's language laws after the Canadian flag had been burnt in protests in Quebec. Televised images of individuals stepping on

357-519: A man who had publicly burnt a French flag stolen from the façade of the city hall of Aurillac during a public festival, organized and regulated by public authorities, was fined €300. A July 2010 law makes it a crime to desecrate the French national flag in a public place, but also to distribute images of a flag desecration, even when done in a private setting, if the objective is to create trouble in public space. On 22 December 2010, an Algerian national

408-469: A maximum of five years in prison if the act was intentionally used to support the eradication of the Federal Republic of Germany or to violate constitutional rights. Actual convictions because of a violation of the criminal code need to be balanced against the constitutional right of the freedom of expression, as ruled multiple times by Germany's constitutional court. The original law from 1932

459-436: A person outraging the French national anthem or the French flag during an event organized or regulated by public authorities is liable to a fine of up to €7,500 and a punishment of up to six months of imprisonment if performing in a gathering. The law targets "outrageous behaviour" during public ceremonies and major sports events. This clause was added as an amendment to a large bill dealing with internal security, in reaction to

510-735: A public place". Chinese laws concerning flag desecration were incorporated into Hong Kong law as the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance in 1997 as required by Annex III of the territory's constitution . The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance is the equivalent statute in respect of the Hong Kong flag. Both ordinances ban desecration of the Chinese flag and Hong Kong flag, respectively, through methods including "burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling". In 1999, two individuals were convicted for desecration of

561-513: A respectful attitude, standing in silence. Males must remove any head coverings. Military personnel must salute or present arms according to their corps' internal regulations. Article 31 states that people are prohibited from: Article 32 states that flags in a bad condition must be sent to the nearest military unit for incineration on Flag Day according to ceremonial procedures. Article 33 states that, except at diplomatic missions such as embassies and consulates, no foreign flag may be flown without

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612-784: A symbol of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), although Peruvian historiographers and the Peruvian Congress have stated that the empire never had a flag. While the wiphala is an emblem related principally to the Aymara people , the Inca had their origins with the Quechua people . Suyu (Inca Empire) Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

663-405: A variety of reasons. It may be a protest against a country's foreign policy , including one's own, or the nature of the government in power there. It may be a protest against nationalism or a deliberate and symbolic insult to the people of the country represented by the flag. It may also be a protest at the very laws prohibiting the act of desecrating a flag. In some countries, desecrating a flag

714-479: Is a crime and may result in punishment , such as a prison sentence or a fine . In countries where it is not, the act may still be prosecuted as disorderly conduct or arson or, if conducted on someone else's property, as theft or vandalism . In Algeria, flag desecration is a crime. According to article 160 bis of the Algerian penal code, the intentional and public shredding, distortion, or desecration of

765-507: Is a crime, resulting in a punishment of up to one year of imprisonment. The Armenian criminal code punishes any insult to the flag (as well as to the coat of arms and the national anthem) with community service of up to two years or imprisonment of up to one year. Flag desecration is not, in itself, illegal in Australia. However, flag desecration must be compliant with the law. In Coleman v Kinbacher & Anor (Qld Police) , Coleman

816-595: Is a square flag divided into 7 × 7 (49) squares. The seven rainbow colors are placed in diagonal squares. The exact arrangement and colors varies with the different versions, corresponding to the suyus or Tupac Katari . It is very prominent in marches of indigenous and peasant movements in Bolivia. This "rainbow squares" flag is used as the pan-indigenous flag of Andean peoples in Bolivia and has recently occasionally been adopted by Amazonian groups in political alliance. Bolivian president Evo Morales established

867-635: Is currently in the Brooklyn Museum , and its use of wiphala design is mixed with several others, so it is not possible to establish its meaning or use within the Andean cosmogony of the time. The Museum of World Culture in Gothenburg , Sweden, holds a Wiphala that is estimated to have been created in the 11th century according to radiocarbon dating . It originates from the Tiwanaku region, and

918-548: Is happy to be punished as being jailed is part of the life of an activist, and he would continue to protest against the Beijing and Hong Kong governments and fight for democracy." In January 2021, Koo was again jailed, this time for four months, for displaying an inverted Chinese flag with slogans written on it in July 2020. In October 2016, some miniature Chinese and Hong Kong flags that had been placed by pro-Beijing legislators in

969-504: Is not legal because there are other protest methods. Social activist Koo Sze-yiu has been convicted several times of flag desecration. He was sentenced to a nine-month prison term in 2013 for the offence. However, the sentence was reduced to four months and two weeks after an appeal. In March 2016, he was sentenced to a six-week prison term for burning the regional flag in Wanchai on HKSAR Establishment Day in 2015. Koo responded that "he

1020-447: Is often intended to make a political point against a country or its policies. Some countries have laws against methods of destruction (such as burning in public) or forbidding particular uses (such as for commercial purposes); such laws may distinguish between the desecration of the country's own national flag and the desecration of flags of other countries. Some countries have also banned the desecration of all types of flags from inside

1071-680: Is part of a collection based on a kallawaya medicine man's grave. There are 16th and 17th-century chronicles and references that support the idea of a banner attributable to the Inca . However, it represented the Incan people, not the empire. Also its origins are from symbols and mural designs found in several civilizations of the Andes with thousands of years of history. Francisco López de Jerez wrote in 1534: They all came divided up in squads with their flags and commanding captains, with as much order as

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1122-518: Is punished with one to two years' detention; officers may be declared unsuitable for their rank. In other words, the desecration of a flag is illegal in Brazil, resulting in up to one month of imprisonment and a fine of up to ten reais as punishment. The desecration of any national symbol, including the national flag, is a crime in Bulgaria, resulting in up to two years of imprisonment as punishment and

1173-610: Is sometimes associated with other variants. In modern times the Wiphala has been confused with a seven-striped rainbow flag which is wrongly associated with the Tawantinsuyu (Incan Empire). There is debate as to whether there was an Inca or Tawantisuyu flag. The oldest surviving example of a wiphala-type design corresponds to a chuspa or bag for coca corresponding to the Tiwanaku culture (1580 BC – AD 1187). The chuspa

1224-418: The 1895 visit of Emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb . Two people involved in the incident, Stjepan Radić and Vladimir Vidrić , later pursued notable careers in politics and literature, respectively. In modern Croatia, desecrating any national flag or treating any national flag in a disrespectful manner is a felony. Offenders can face up to one year of imprisonment. In Denmark , it is legal to burn or desecrate

1275-748: The Regional Flag of Hong Kong and the Chinese flag . They were found guilty by a magistrate, had the conviction overturned in the High Court but the convictions were restored by the Court of Final Appeal . They were bound over to keep the peace on their own recognisance of $ 2,000 for 12 months for each of the two charges. In the judgement, Chief Justice Andrew Li said although the Basic Law of Hong Kong guarantees freedom of speech, flag desecration

1326-718: The Westboro Baptist Church from the United States staged a burning of the Canadian Flag outside of the Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa, Ontario . This was to protest legalization of same-sex marriage which was being adjudicated by the Canadian court. The Ley de Seguridad Interior del Estado , articles 6 and 7, defines as a crime the public desecration of the national flag, coat of arms,

1377-519: The Australian national flag. On each occasion, the bill failed. As of May 2016, the most recent bill which attempted to ban flag burning was the Flags Amendment (Protecting Australian Flags) Bill 2016 , which was introduced by National Party MP George Christensen but lapsed in April 2016. During the 2005 Cronulla riots , a Lebanese-Australian youth, whose name has been kept secret, climbed

1428-528: The CONAIE movement and also it is used by its political faction, the Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik - Nuevo País (a Pachakutik -inspired Movement), which participates in elections and has a considerable legislative representation. Pachakutik is a Quechua word related with the vision and the hope of a better future for the Andean people. The MUPP was formed in the 1990s mainly by an alliance of

1479-479: The CONAIE with peasant organizations and urban social movements. It also finds sympathy in local LGBT , feminist and Afro-Ecuadorian circles and activists. The Wiphala has been confused with the seven-striped rainbow design flag , the current official banner of the Peruvian city of Cusco , where it is commonly displayed in government buildings and in the main square. This rainbow flag is sometimes displayed as

1530-459: The Flag without its Emblem", as well as "to deface the Flag by writing or displaying signs, [ sic ] symbols, emblems or picture [ sic ]", or "to prepare or use the Flag without the proper order of its colors and size or its Emblem." While most offenses were punishable by a fine of "3000 birr or rigorous imprisonment up to one year", the first offense, mandating the usage of

1581-586: The Legislative Council chamber were flipped upside down by lawmaker Cheng Chung-tai , who regarded them as "cheap patriotic acts". In April 2017 he was charged with flag desecration. He alleged that the arrest was part of a "general cleansing" of dissenting voices ahead of Carrie Lam 's inauguration as new chief executive. On 29 September 2017, the Eastern Magistrates' Court found Cheng guilty and fined him $ 5,000. In December 2019,

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1632-553: The Quebec flag were played in Quebec and contributed to the deterioration in relations between Quebec and English Canada . The incident, seen as a metaphor of Canada's perceived rejection of Quebec (and of Quebec's distinctiveness in the demise of the Meech Lake Accord) was invoked by Quebec nationalists during the run-up to the 1995 referendum on Quebec independence and is still remembered today. In 1999, members of

1683-597: The Qullasuyu wiphala as the nation's dual flag , along with the previous red, yellow, and green banner in the newly ratified constitution. The Wiphala has been included into the national colors of the Bolivian Air Force such as the executive jet (currently a Dassault Falcon 900 EX). The Wiphala is also officially flown on governmental buildings such as the Palacio Quemado and parliament alongside

1734-478: The RSL was forced to withdraw this invitation as it received phone calls from people threatening to pelt the youth with missiles on the day. The head of the New South Wales RSL was quoted as saying that "the people who made these threats ought to be bloody ashamed of themselves". In 2006, Australian contemporary artist Azlan McLennan burnt an Australian flag and displayed it on a billboard outside

1785-624: The Trocadero artspace in Footscray, Victoria . He called the artpiece Proudly UnAustralian . The socialist youth group Resistance marketed "flag-burning kits" – inspired by, and to protest, the censorship of Azlan McLennan's art – to university students. Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre worker Adam Thompson burned the Australian flag on the week of Australia Day (2008) celebrations in Launceston 's City Park to

1836-502: The Turks. The 17th-century chronicler Bernabé Cobo wrote that the guión , or royal standard [an ecclesiastical processional banner], was a small, square small banner, of about 10–12 hands length, made of cotton or woollen cloth, that was carried at the top of a long flagpole, and being stretched and stiff did not wave in the air; each king painted his arms and emblems on the banner, because each one [king] chose different ones, although

1887-461: The Wiphala is identified with the Indigenous social movement mainly represented by CONAIE (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador). This organization has had an important role in massive protests in the late 1990s and 2000s. The flag of CONAIE is a wiphala with a mask in the middle from a pre-Inca Ecuadorian coastal peoples known as La Tolita . The flag is displayed by marches of

1938-598: The cheers of about 100 people, who were rallying against what they call " Invasion Day ". Tent embassy activists burned the Australian flag on 27 January 2012 at the entrance to Canberra 's Parliament House as they called for Aboriginal sovereignty over Australia. In Austria, flag desecration is illegal under §248 Strafgesetzbuch . Offenders can be fined or punished with up to six months of imprisonment. Under §317 Strafgesetzbuch desecration of flags of foreign states or international organizations can be punished if Austria maintains diplomatic relations with them or belongs to

1989-598: The common ones among the Incas had the rainbow [sky bow]. Guaman Poma 's 1615 book El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno shows numerous line drawings of Inca flags. The seven colors of the actual Wiphala reflect those of the rainbow . According to the Katarista movement (whose interpretation is promoted by the Bolivian authorities), the significance and meaning for each color are as follows: The Aimara wiphala

2040-434: The country to other country flags. Actions that may be treated as the desecration of a flag include burning it, urinating or defecating on it, defacing it with slogans , stepping upon it, damaging it with stones; bullets; or any other projectile, cutting or ripping it, improperly flying it, verbally insulting it, dragging it on the ground, or eating it, among other things. Flag desecration may be undertaken for

2091-425: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 211392429 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:46:48 GMT Flag burning Flag desecration is the desecration of a flag , violation of flag protocol , or various acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public. In the case of a national flag , such action

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2142-455: The emblem, received an increased penalty of "5000 birr or the rigorous imprisonment of up to three years." This replaced the 1996 Flag Proclamation, which had made no mention of offenses or penalties. According to the law on the Finnish flag , it is illegal to desecrate the flag, treat it in disrespecting manner, or remove it from a public place without permission. According to French law,

2193-680: The name of the country or the national anthem, and imposes a period of imprisonment, relegation or estrangement for a period of up to one year. Flag desecration is a crime in China. The penal code provides for up to three years of imprisonment criminal detention, public surveillance, or deprivation of political rights for "whoever desecrates the National Flag or the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China by intentionally burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling upon it in

2244-575: The national flag results in five to ten years of imprisonment as punishment. In 2010, an Algerian court convicted 18 people of flag desecration and punished them by up to six years of imprisonment and $ 10,000 in fines after protests about jobs and housing. The Penal Code (Código Penal) on its Article 222 criminalizes the public desecration of the national flag, coat of arms, national anthem, or any provincial symbol, imposing one to four years of imprisonment. In other words, in Argentina, flag desecration

2295-577: The national flag, the Dannebrog . However it is illegal to publicly burn or desecrate the flags of foreign countries, the United Nations and Council of Europe according to § 110e of the Danish penal code because Parliament has decided that burning or desecrating these is a matter of foreign relations , as it could be construed as a threat. This law is rarely enforced; the last conviction

2346-454: The respective organization. Flag desecration is not illegal in Belgium. Flemish nationalists have burned Belgian flags on at least one occasion. Brazilian law number 5700, chapter V, from 1971, concerns respect and the national flag: Article 30 states that, when in the flag is being marched or paraded (for example, when the national anthem is being played), everyone present must take

2397-440: The tricolor since the introduction of the revised 2009 constitution. During the 2019 Bolivian political crisis , videos emerged of Bolivian police cutting the wiphala off of their uniforms. It was also removed from some government buildings and burned by protesters , who chanted "Bolivia belongs to Christ!" This was later condemned by the acting president, Jeanine Áñez as a destruction of indigenous heritage. In modern Ecuador,

2448-433: Was expanded in 1935 to include the flag of Nazi Germany . As of 2020, it also results in up to three years of imprisonment as punishment for damaging or reviling the flag of any foreign country (§104 StGB). Until then, only flags that were shown publicly by tradition, event, or routinely by representatives of an official foreign entity were protected. The legislative reform to include also unofficially or privately used flags

2499-637: Was in 1936. In the autonomous Faroe Islands , the flag law states that the Faroese flag, Merkið , may not be desecrated, "neither by words nor by deeds". Flag desecration has been illegal in Egypt since 2014. It results in a fine of up to 30,000 Egyptian pounds (about $ 4,300) as the punishment. In 2009, the Parliament of Ethiopia passed Proclamation 654/2009 (The Federal Flag Proclamation), which prohibited firstly amongst 23 other provisions "use [of]

2550-640: Was successfully prosecuted for flag burning, not because of its political nature, but because given the size of the flag, the use of petrol as an accelerant, and the fact that it was in an open park area, many members of the public experienced "concern, fright and anger", and in these circumstances flag burning could be considered disorderly conduct . There have been several attempts to pass bills making flag burning illegal in Australia, none of which have yet been successful. In 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992, National Party MP Michael Cobb introduced bills making it an offence to desecrate, dishonour, burn, mutilate or destroy

2601-562: Was the first person to be convicted under the new status, and ordered to pay a €750 after breaking the pole of a flag hung in the Alpes-Maritimes prefecture a day prior. Under the German criminal code (§90a Strafgesetzbuch (StGB)), it is illegal to revile or damage the German federal flag as well as any flags of its states in public. Offenders can be fined or sentenced to a maximum of three years in prison, or fined or sentenced to

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