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62-549: TMC may stand for: Companies and brands [ edit ] Thinking Machines Corporation , a defunct supercomputer company Toyota Motor Corporation , a Japanese automobile manufacturer Toshiba Memory Corporation Trans Mountain Corporation Transportation Management Center, a division of American shipping company C.H. Robinson Transportation Manufacturing Corporation ,

124-439: A Sat nav device. The look-up tables must be implemented in a service-specific database mapped to geographic routes and intersections. As with the navigation systems themselves, periodic upgrades are needed as the road system changes. This provides opportunities for vendors to generate revenue. The technical concepts of RDS-TMC originated about 30 years ago, initially by Blaupunkt and Philips . With European Commission funding,

186-480: A bluetooth or USB connection. The adapter passes traffic messages to the navigation software for route calculations. The adapters generally include a connector for FM/TMC, an antenna (2,5mm phone jack or MCX jack 50 Ohm). Compatible navigation programs include AvMap , Destinator PN, Falk Navigator TMC Edition (special version for MyGuide Navigator 6500XL TMC Bundle), GoPal , iGO , Mireo, Navigon MN5, Route 66 , and Sygic . In some places, TMC coverage

248-772: A cable television network Télé Monte Carlo , French language television channel in Monaco La7 , Italian private television channel formerly known as Telemontecarlo Tagalized Movie Channel , a Philippine cable channel Politics [ edit ] Trinamool Congress , a state political party in West Bengal, India Tamil Maanila Congress , a political party in Tamil Nadu, India Transitional Military Council (disambiguation) , interim governments in Chad and Sudan Other uses [ edit ] 105.1 TMC ,

310-721: A company gone bankrupt, the Super-Connector from Thinking Machines, Inc., of Cambridge, Massachusetts" in the NSA's basement. In addition, in The Bear and the Dragon says the National Security Agency could crack nearly any book or cipher with one of three custom operating systems designed for a Thinking Machines supercomputer. In the 2008 video game Fallout 3 , it is mentioned that the pre-war firm that made

372-594: A defunct bus manufacturer based in Roswell, New Mexico Triumph Motor Company , a defunct British automotive manufacturer Educational and medical institutions [ edit ] Tehran Monolingual Corpus , a Persian monolingual text corpus, Iran Texas Medical Center , a medical institution Texas Military College , a private junior college, high school, and primary school located in Terrell, Texas that operated from 1915 to 1949 Thanjavur Medical College ,

434-639: A golden jubilee college in Tamil Nadu, India Thomson Medical Centre , a private hospital in Novena, Singapore Thurgood Marshall College , a college within University of California, San Diego Thursday Morning Club , a not-for-profit organization in Madison, New Jersey Tripura Medical College & Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Teaching Hospital , India Tucson Medical Center , a not-for-profit community hospital Thomas More College (South Africa) ,

496-576: A leading private school in South Africa Washtenaw Technical Middle College Gaming [ edit ] The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap , a video game The Mud Connector , a Web portal site covering MUDs, text-based online role-playing games Locations [ edit ] Trece Martires , a city in Cavite, Philippines Television [ edit ] The Movie Channel ,

558-452: A low capacity data channel primarily designed for FM radio station name identification and tuning. Compressing traffic incident descriptions in multiple languages into 16 bits for a location, 11 bits for an event description code, plus 3 bits for the event's extent and a few extra bits for the duration/system management was necessary due to pre-existing constraints in the RDS standard. Almost all

620-591: A partnership of the BBC , Philips , Blaupunkt , TRRL and CCETT led by Castle Rock Consultants (CRC). The main goal of the project was to develop and build consensus upon a draft standard for broadcasting RDS-TMC traffic messages in densely coded digital form. An initial proposal for defining RDS-TMC data fields had been made to the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) in Madrid, based on

682-531: A radio station in Cebu, Philippines Taipei Music Center , performing arts and cultural center in Taipei, Taiwan Thomas & Mack Center , an indoor arena on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas opened in 1983 Traffic Message Channel , a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to drivers Travel management company , managing corporate travel Transportation Materiel Command ,

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744-553: A scheme developed by CCETT and Philips in the Eureka -sponsored CARMINAT research project. This proposal required the use of at least two 104-bit RDS data groups for each message. Within these RDS Groups, 32 bits per group would be used for traffic data, giving a total traffic message length of 64 bits. A second proposal, by Bosch-Blaupunkt and the German Road Research Institute BASt, sought to use just

806-621: A single RDS Group per traffic message. Then, in 1987, the CEC invited Castle Rock Consultants to lead a joint team that would take TMC development a stage further. CRC produced a proposal for a modified BASt/Blaupunkt single group message definition, which became known as the ALERT A coding scheme. Tests also continued at CCETT and BBC on the CARMINAT approach, which formed the basis of an alternative ALERT B coding proposal. A major question addressed in

868-559: A unit of the United States Army until 1962 Trapeziometacarpal joint , a joint in the thumb Tmcft (TMC, tmc) (thousand million cubic feet), a volume measurement of water Run TMC , a high-scoring trio of teammates in the National Basketball Association from 1989 to 1991 Thomas Matthew Crooks (2003-2024), American man who attempted to assassinate Donald Trump Topics referred to by

930-554: Is 2.9 ( ). A national TMC service for Bulgaria started beta testing in December 2010. The service is provided by TrafficNav, a Budapest based traffic information company in cooperation with the broadcast hardware manufacturer Kvarta. Data sources include real time traffic information provided by tix.bg, presently for Sofia . The service can be accessed by most Garmin navigation devices and will soon be supported in several factory car navigation devices. Legislation does not allow

992-688: Is a free TMC service provided by the Czech Road Motorway Directorate (ŘSD ČR). Content consists of closures, road restrictions and winter maintenance across the country, accident information from rescue services and detailed content from TIC Prague. In December 2022, service moved from FM network of Český rozhlas Vltava to Český rozhlas Radiožurnál due to much better country coverage. DIC PRAHA – transmitted on frequency of Český rozhlas Plus – 92.6 MHz, provided detailed traffic information for Prague only Cloesed TMC services: TELEASIST – (TMC service switched off in 2017)

1054-610: Is available on GPS navigation systems including Navman , Mio , Uniden , iPhone ( Navigon & Sygic ), Eclipse , Pioneer , Alpine and Clarion . SUNA Traffic Channel is also available in Ford, Holden , Honda , Toyota , Nissan , Mercedes-Benz , and many other navigation systems. SUNA is currently the only source of comprehensive, metropolitan congestion monitoring content in Australia – proprietary technology interfaces to traffic light control systems. The SUNA broadcast service

1116-708: Is available on Viker Raadio in Estonia. Mediamobile has a traffic information center in Estonia for the Nordic region. Belgium hosts TMC services: TMOBILIS in Belgium, TIC-VL in Flanders and RTBF in Wallonia and Brussels . Except for TMOBILIS , they are all currently open services. TMOBILIS is provided by Be-Mobile and Touring Mobilis . It is the only fully Belgian service. It combines all Belgian sources from

1178-458: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Thinking Machines Corporation On the hardware side, Thinking Machines produced several Connection Machine models (in chronological order): the CM-1, CM-2, CM-200, CM-5, and CM-5E. The CM-1 and 2 came first in models with 64K (65,536) bit-serial processors (16 processors per chip) and later,

1240-650: Is encrypted, based on specifications set by the TISA. The service is available on the majority of navigation units sold in new cars, such as Volkswagen, Audi, Seat, Opel, Volvo, Toyota, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Subaru, Suzuki and Skoda, as well as portable navigation devices from Garmin. The location table is public and provided by Finnish Traffic Agency. The latest version, V2.1, contains approximately 28.000 locations points. Only commercial RDS-TMC traffic broadcast services are available in France. The commercial service V-Traffic

1302-473: Is fully compliant with both RDS and TMC. However, since the broadcast is encrypted it does not work on in-car GPS navigation systems that do not have a commercial arrangement with SUNA. In Austria, ORF broadcasts a free service on radio channels Ö1 , Ö2 (9 regional channels), Hitradio Ö3 and FM4 . It is supported by the Federal Ministry for Traffic, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT). ASFINAG

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1364-441: Is likely to remain sketchy in some states during the next few years. The following countries provide a TMC service: Intelematics Australia broadcasts a national encrypted RDS-TMC service focused initially on urban Australia under the brand 'SUNA Traffic Channel'. The service reaches around 85% of urban Australia, using commercial FM broadcasters in seven cities, as well as via XML for online and smartphone applications. The service

1426-610: Is limited to Flanders. In Wallonia and Brussels , CLASS.21 is broadcast by RTBF on Classic 21 . The service is from the Centre PEREX of the Service public de Wallonie (SPW, formerly MET) in collaboration with TMC4U . Coverage of transmissions and content are limited to Wallonia and Brussels. Technum creates the location tables by order of the regional communities. Since December 2004 broadcast messages use location table version 1.4b, which added N-roads. The latest version

1488-407: Is low compared to that of modern smartphone devices. The user's navigation system locates a driver to about 3 metres (10 feet), but only knows, for example, that a crash took place between Exit 3 and Exit 4, northbound on a particular motorway. This limitation requires that traffic events (accidents, congestion, burst water mains, faulty traffic lights, etc.) have to be superimposed onto maps by mapping

1550-438: Is provided by Mediamobile , a subsidiary of TDF , with two shareholders: Renault and Vinci. The traffic service provides real-time information on 185,000 km of main roads in France, including all highways (11 800 km). It is transmitted on the frequencies of France Inter and is received nationally (99% national coverage). The service is not encrypted, but restricts access using different location table numbers. In 2010

1612-566: Is responsible for the location table, currently version 2.1, which received updates to handle increased use during Euro 2008 . Its location table contains around 8,000 codes. Mediamobile Nordic plans to broadcast traffic information in the Baltic region. As of 2014, no service is reportedly available in Latvia, Lithuania or Estonia, although location tables (maintained by Destia) were certified by TISA in 2008. As of 2017, an unencrypted TMC service

1674-698: Is smaller than that of the radio programme carrying the TMC service, therefore white spots exist. For example, in the US, one of the two TMC commercial services is run by Clear Channel Communications , whose 95 FM station urban markets typically have some level of traffic information service. Another is Sirius Satellite Radio , which covers all of North America, including sparsely-populated rural areas and near-empty deserts. Although vendors are beginning to make arrangements with information systems such as CARS, operated by state police and state departments of transportation, coverage

1736-551: The BBC , Transport Research Laboratory and CCETT came together in a team led by Castle Rock Consultants to develop the standard. More recently, personal navigation devices (PND) have emerged as an alternative way to deliver traffic information via mobile devices employing GPS. Automobile companies continue to roll out RDS-TMC products. One reason is that the use of mobile devices is attracting legislative attention due to concerns about driver distraction. Like car radios , in-vehicle navigation systems have not so far generated

1798-615: The DataVault , circa 1988. In May 1985, Thinking Machines became the third company to register a .com domain name (think.com). The company became profitable in 1989, in part because of its contracts from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ). The next year, they sold $ 65 million (USD) worth of hardware and software, making them the market leader in parallel supercomputers. Thinking Machines' primary supercomputer competitor

1860-705: The Internet Archive and associated projects, including the Rosetta Project as part of Danny Hillis' Clock of the Long Now . Architect Greg Papadopoulos later became Sun Microsystems's chief technology officer (CTO). Many of the hardware people left for Sun Microsystems and went on to design the Sun Enterprise series of parallel computers. The Darwin data mining toolkit, developed by Thinking Machines' Business Supercomputer Group,

1922-913: The Alert A scheme was the total number of traffic event locations to be coded. Initial estimates suggested that, in Europe, a maximum of 65,000 significant junctions might be needed for the Federal Republic of Germany. An efficient coding system would require only 16 bits to code these, simply by numbering each intersection from 1 to 65535. Calculations for France, Britain and elsewhere suggested that around 30,000 to 40,000 locations should be enough for most European national or U.S. statewide systems. A standard 16-bit location code was, therefore, adopted for inter-urban networks. The Madrid proposal of 1987, by comparison, had required 33 bits to code problem location, with separate fields for road number, road class, area of

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1984-479: The European Commission's DRIVE II project ATT-ALERT. Each traffic incident is binary-encoded and sent as a TMC message. Each message consists of an event code, location code, expected incident duration, affected extent and other details. The message contains a list of up to 2048 event phrases defined by 11 binary bits (of which 1402 were in use as of 2007) that can be translated by the receiver into

2046-637: The Flemish, Walloon and Brussels government, police stations, a national Floating Car Data system based on GPS positions from vehicles and the Touring Mobilis call center. It is nationally broadcast by both VRT on Studio Brussel for Flanders and RTBF on Classic 21 in Wallonia and Brussels . TIC-VL is broadcast by VRT on Radio 2 and uses content from the Vlaams Verkeerscentrum . Coverage of content and transmissions

2108-460: The TMC location tables. Many traffic report locations are only approximate, and as queues grow, locations can change swiftly. So GPS-based systems are more precise , but are not necessarily more accurate . In April 2007, two Italian security researchers presented research about RDS-TMC at the CanSecWest security conference. The presentation, entitled "Unusual Car Navigation Tricks", raised

2170-510: The U.S. and Canada, private companies maintain the location tables and market TMC services commercially. Sources of traffic information typically include police, traffic control centers, camera systems, traffic speed detectors, floating car data , winter driving reports and roadwork reports. TMC-Forum, a non-profit organization whose members included service providers, receiver manufacturers, car manufacturers, map vendors, broadcasters (public and private), automobile clubs, and public authorities,

2232-698: The US and elsewhere, systems such as CARS (Condition Acquisition and Reporting System) can pinpoint event locations or their start and end points with one-metre precision. These real-time data are published in XML for access by companies such as Google and TomTom . These incident reports can be delivered to mobile phones and handheld devices in vehicles. However, major real-world traffic incidents usually spread from hundreds of metres up to many kilometres, once traffic backups have developed. On motorways and other major roads, there are typically few or no detours available between significant junctions, which are all included in

2294-511: The commercial service in Finland, is provided by MediaMobile since 2007. The service covers the largest cities and roads 1–999, covering the whole country. TMC messages are broadcast nationally on Yle Radio Suomi . V-Traffic uses several information sources to broadcast validated traffic data, including floating car data as well as data from public authorities, traffic cameras, radio stations, road users and several partnership companies. The service

2356-479: The company signed a partnership with Météo-France for a common road weather hazard service. Another commercial service is provided by ViaMichelin and Carte Blanche Conseil , transmitted by the Towercast network ( NRJ group). In September 2005 PSA Peugeot Citroën signed a partnership with ViaMichelin . A free TMC service was offered by Autoroute FM but discontinued in 2012. Location tables are released by

2418-581: The computer systems for Vaults is called Think Machine. Traffic Message Channel Traffic Message Channel ( TMC ) is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to motor vehicle drivers. It is digitally coded using the ALERT C or TPEG protocol into Radio Data System (RDS) carried via conventional FM radio broadcasts . It can also be transmitted on Digital Audio Broadcasting or satellite radio . TMC allows silent delivery of dynamic information suitable for reproduction or display in

2480-507: The country, etc. These 33 bits gave a theoretical total of 8.5 billion location codes, most of which could never be used. After consultation with ECMT, a combined approach was developed called the ALERT C Protocol that aimed to combine the best features of each approach. ALERT A and C replaced the CARMINAT message categories cause, effect and advice with a single 11-bit basic message code. This permits up to 2048 basic message phrases to be broadcast. The new ALERT protocols significantly increased

2542-472: The early corporate fellows of Thinking Machines were Marvin Minsky , Douglas Lenat , Stephen Wolfram , Tomaso Poggio , Richard Feynman , and Jack Schwartz , later joined by Charles E. Leiserson , Alan Edelman , Eric Lander , and Lennart Johnsson . DARPA 's Connection Machines were decommissioned by 1996. In the 1993 film Jurassic Park , Connection Machines (non-functioning dummies) are visible in

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2604-463: The efficiency of message coding, shortening the basic message content from 18 to 11 bits. In conjunction with the revised location codes, which saved 17 of the 33 bits previously assigned, this allowed the great majority of traffic messages to be broadcast using a single TMC data sequence. In 1991, ECMT recommended moving forward with further testing of the protocols. The work continued with a larger consortium including Volvo and Ford Motor Company in

2666-524: The insertion of external digital data into analogue FM transmissions and the use of RDS-TMC technology is also banned. TMC developments in the Czech Republic are coordinated by CEDA, which is responsible for the location table. Its current version is 4.1, containing more than 16,000 records. There were 3 providers of TMC service in Czech republic: JSDI – transmitted on Český rozhlas Radiožurnál –

2728-561: The later CM-5 and CM-5E were multiple instruction, multiple data ( MIMD ) that combined commodity SPARC processors and proprietary vector processors in a fat tree computer network . All Connection Machine models required a serial front-end processor, which was most often a Sun Microsystems workstation, but on early models could also be a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX minicomputer or Symbolics Lisp machine . Thinking Machines also introduced an early commercial redundant array of independent disks ( RAID ) 2 disk array,

2790-509: The most powerful Connection Machines from being exported. By 1992, the company was losing money, and CEO Sheryl Handler was forced out. In August 1994, Thinking Machines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The hardware portion of the company was purchased by Sun Microsystems , and TMC re-emerged as a small software company specializing in parallel software tools for commodity clusters and data mining software for its installed base and former competitors' parallel supercomputers. In December 1996,

2852-499: The other broadcast data bits were already assigned from each 104-bit RDS Group. A major design challenge of RDS-TMC was to find a way of describing traffic event locations across an entire state or country. Such a system could not convey precise latitude - longitude data (available 25 years later using GPS in applications such as Waze ). Instead, RDS-TMC relies on the use of location tables that point only to significant highway junctions. The precision of each traffic event's location

2914-449: The parallel software development section was also acquired by Sun Microsystems . Thinking Machines continued as a pure data mining company until it was acquired in 1999 by Oracle Corporation . Oracle later acquired Sun Microsystems, thus re-uniting much of Thinking Machines' intellectual property. The program wide area information server (WAIS), developed at Thinking Machines by Brewster Kahle , would later be influential in starting

2976-459: The park's control room, programmer Dennis Nedry mentions "eight Connection Machines" and a video about dinosaur cloning mentions "Thinking Machines supercomputers". In the 1996 film Mission Impossible , Luther Stickell asks Franz Krieger for "Thinking Machine laptops" to help hack into the CIA 's Langley supercomputer. Tom Clancy 's novel Rainbow Six speaks of the NSA's "star machine from

3038-686: The point that RDS-TMC is a wireless cleartext protocol and showed how to build a receiver and transmitter with inexpensive electronics capable of injecting false and potentially dangerous messages. Detailed instructions and schematics were published in Issue No. 64 of Phrack hacking magazine. The TMC Forum responded by stating that the effects of any 'pirate' TMC broadcasts would be non-existent on users not on routes affected by fake obstruction messages and that such broadcasts would directly interfere with that country's TMC carrier station, which would lead to criminal or civil liability. They stated that it

3100-423: The reported location to the TMC location table. If the nearest location table point lies at some distance from the exact position of the incident, then the report appears on a section of main road between two junctions instead of at its exact location. The limited precision can make a significant difference as to how navigation devices interpret the incident, potentially leading to an occasional poor route choice. In

3162-650: The same concerns and may continue to outsell handheld solutions. Higher-end models of personal navigation assistants come with a built-in TMC receiver, and depending on the country, the service is available in Eclipse , Garmin , iPhone ( Navigon ), Navman , Navway , Mio , Pioneer , TomTom and Uniden navigation systems, as well as in Volvo , BMW and Ford Falcon navigation systems, among many others. TMC adapters can extend mobile navigation systems with integrated GPS receivers with TMC functionality. They can include

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3224-455: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title TMC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TMC&oldid=1259538758 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Educational institution disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3286-558: The smaller 16K and 4K configurations. The Connection Machine was programmed in a variety of specialized programming languages , including *Lisp and CM Lisp (derived from Common Lisp ), C* (derived by Thinking Machines from C ), and CM Fortran . These languages used proprietary compilers to translate code into the parallel instruction set of the Connection Machine. The CM-1 through CM-200 were examples of single instruction, multiple data ( SIMD ) architecture, while

3348-496: The user's language without interrupting audio broadcast services. Both public and commercial services are operational in many countries. When data is integrated directly into a navigation system , traffic information can be used in the system's route calculation. Detailed technical proposals for an RDS-TMC broadcasting protocol were first developed in the European Community's DRIVE programme research project RDS-ALERT,

3410-450: The user's language. Some phrases describe individual situations such as a crash, while others cover combinations of events such as construction causing long delays. In Europe, location code tables are maintained on a national level. Those location tables are integrated in the maps provided by in-vehicle navigation system companies such as HERE Technologies and TomTom and by vehicle manufacturers such as Volvo . In other countries, such as

3472-641: Was Cray Research . Other parallel computing competitors included nCUBE , nearby Kendall Square Research , and MasPar , which made a computer similar to the CM-2, and Meiko Scientific , whose CS-2 was similar to the CM-5. In 1991, DARPA and the United States Department of Energy reduced their purchases amid criticism they were unfairly favoring Thinking Machines at the expense of Cray , nCUBE , and MasPar . Tightening export laws also prevented

3534-699: Was a forum to discuss traffic information related matters. It maintained the TMC-Standard (ISO 14819). On 11 November 2007, the TMC-Forum and the TPEG -Forum merged into the Traveller Information Services Association (TISA). TISA has taken over all of TMC-Forum's activities and responsibilities. RDS-TMC is a low-bandwidth system. Each RDS-TMC traffic message comprises 37 data bits sent at most 1–3 times per second, using

3596-503: Was going to be difficult and that – even though clearly communication laws were broken – arrests or convictions were unlikely. An RDS-TMC receiver is a special FM radio tuner that can decode TMC data. Satellite TMC receivers use a dedicated data channel that is broadcast as part of much larger broadcast digital audio channels. TMC data is decoded by matching event and location codes against look-up tables of phrases and locations. The results can be translated into audio or visually displayed on

3658-486: Was in turn acquired by IBM . Besides Hillis, other noted people who worked for or with the company included Robert Millstein, Greg Papadopoulos , David Waltz , Guy L. Steele Jr. , Karl Sims , Brewster Kahle , Bradley Kuszmaul, Carl Feynman , Cliff Lasser, Marvin Denicoff, Alex Vasilevsky, Allan Torres, Richard Fishman , Mirza Mehdi, Alan Harshman, Richard Jordan, Alan Mercer, James Bailey, Tsutomu Shimomura . Among

3720-439: Was purchased by Oracle . Most of the team that built Darwin had already left for Dun & Bradstreet soon after Thinking Machines Corporation entered bankruptcy in 1994. Thinking Machines alumni (known as "Thunkos") helped create several parallel computing software start-ups, including Ab Initio Software ; and Applied Parallel Technologies, which was later renamed Torrent Systems and acquired by Ascential Software , which

3782-605: Was therefore unlikely that such activity would take place. Actual RDS-TMC attacks have been known to occur, for instance in Belgium in 2019 where road users were warned of "air raids on the E40 road" in March and that "firefights broke out on the E17" in August . Official government advice was to ignore these messages, local police services admitted that locating the source of the transmissions

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3844-502: Was transmitted on radio network of Český rozhlas Radiožurnál and available countrywide. Information were provided by Teleasist together with Global Assistance. The free TMC service DK-TMC in Denmark is operated by Vejdirektoratet or DRD (Danish Road Directorate). It is broadcast on DR P1 , P3 and P4 . DRD is also responsible for the location table. The current version is 11.1 and contains around 10,000 location codes. V-Traffic,

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