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103-620: Cavite , officially the Province of Cavite ( Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Kabite ; Chavacano : Provincia de Cavite ), is a Philippines province in the Calabarzon region in Luzon . On the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila , it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines. As of 2020, it has a population of 4,344,829, making it

206-433: A careening wharf would have had large sheds available to protect them from weather and theft. With one side of the ship raised out of the water, maintenance work would be carried out. When the tide returned, the ship would be floated off and the process repeated if necessary on the other side. While a competent crew could careen their ship without outside assistance, it was a laborious task. In early 1843, HMS Formidable

309-481: A common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed

412-605: A landmark that helped guide sailors into Manila bay. The mansion remained unfinished after the People Power Revolution in 1986 that toppled the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos . The new government renamed it the People's Park in the Sky , to show the excesses of the ousted regime. In 2002, Region IV was split into two parts: Region IV-A, known as Calabarzon ; and Region IV-B, known as Mimaropa . Cavite

515-417: A large number of thick, timber outriggers were installed; these were up to two feet (61 cm) across and 40 feet (12 m) long. The ship was pulled over by ropes wound around three capstans; each was turned by 120 men. In the 18th century, careening wharves existed at overseas Royal Navy dockyards such as Port Mahon and Halifax . They were important facilities and often the first things built when

618-693: A member of the grass family, is one of the most available forest products found in the municipalities of Ternate , Magallanes , Maragondon and General Aguinaldo throughout the year. These lands are being used in various ways, either for agriculture, residences, open areas, etc. Based on the Cavite Provincial Physical Framework Plan 2005–2010, Cavite's alienable and disposable lands are further classified into production lands and built-up areas. Production lands in Cavite are intended for agriculture, fishery, and mining . On

721-487: A national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José E. Romero , as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non- Tagalogs , especially Cebuanos who had not accepted

824-453: A national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language." In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino). The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for

927-476: A new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino. Many of

1030-612: A part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are: Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. One example

1133-550: A refinery set up by FilOil Refinery Corporation . An influx of new residents into the north and west parts of Carmona led to the separation of these portions into a new town, General Mariano Alvarez , in 1981. The migration had begun in 1968, when the Carmona Resettlement Project was established under the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) - an effort to resettle illegal settlers from around

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1236-516: A sailor in Cavite, and published the first Latin American novel called "Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez" The years: 1636, 1654, 1670, and 1672; saw the deployment of 70, 89, 225, and 211 Latin-American soldiers from Mexico at Cavite . In 1614, the politico-military jurisdiction of Cavite was established. As with many other provinces organized during the Spanish colonial era, Cavite City, the name of

1339-458: Is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót . Proto-Philippine *r , *j , and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík . Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes /r/ instead: bayád (paid) → bayaran (to pay). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/ . *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô . The word Tagalog

1442-637: Is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro , as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac , Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur in Bicol Region, the Cordillera city of Baguio and various parts of Mindanao especially in the island's urban areas, but especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as, through or in

1545-483: Is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people , who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines , and as a second language by the majority, mostly as or through Filipino . Its standardized , codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broadened form, officially named Filipino ,

1648-781: Is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group , including Waray-Waray , Hiligaynon and Cebuano . Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə . In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o] . In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/ . For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick)

1751-480: Is divided into four physiographical areas, namely: the lowest lowland area, the lowland area, the central hilly area, and the upland mountainous area. Cavite's land resources are categorized into two: forest lands and alienable and disposable lands. Forest lands are being maintained as they play a great role in the ecological balance of the province aside from the fact that they are home to numerous flora and fauna that needs to be protected and preserved. Correspondingly,

1854-523: Is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century epic Florante at Laura . Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of

1957-449: Is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/. Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers. The four diphthongs are /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent

2060-554: Is possibly derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"), or alternatively, taga-alog deriving from alog ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or

2163-745: Is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of Hawaii that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents. Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the 2020 United States presidential elections . Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia with 938,490, Canada with 676,775, Japan with 313,588, United Arab Emirates with 541,593, Kuwait with 187,067, and Malaysia with 620,043. At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in

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2266-698: Is spoken in Soccsksargen , a southwestern region in Mindanao , as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as Hiligaynon (a regional lingua franca), Ilocano , Cebuano as well as Maguindanaon and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migraton from Panay , Negros , Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Ilocandia , Cagayan Valley , Cordillera Administrative Region , Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since

2369-443: Is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of the latter's two official languages , alongside English . Tagalog, like the other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are Austronesian , is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages , such as

2472-408: Is the third component of production land-use in the province. As of 2009, there are 15 mining and quarrying areas operating in Cavite. Extraction includes filling materials, gravel, and sand. The built-up areas are mainly composed of residential and industrial sites. This also includes commercial and business areas where commerce is transpiring. According to the 2007 Census of Population and Housing by

2575-507: Is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language. Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog)

2678-413: Is used: á é í ó ú. The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold . Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside

2781-696: The Bikol languages , the Bisayan languages , Ilocano , Kapampangan , and Pangasinan , and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan , Indonesian , Malay , Hawaiian , Māori , Malagasy , and many more. Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian , it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy , Javanese , Indonesian , Malay , Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It

2884-483: The Calabarzon region, only after Rizal . Cavite occupies a land area of 1,526.28 square kilometers (589.30 sq mi), which is approximately 9.05% of Calabarzon's total land area, 3.07% of the regional area and 0.48% of the total land area of the Philippines. The municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas, comprising 165.49 square kilometers (63.90 sq mi) and 156.41 square kilometers (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while

2987-565: The Cavite mutiny when 200 Filipinos staged a rebellion within Spanish garrisons. On August 28, 1896, when the revolution against Spain broke out, Cavite became a bloody theater of war. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo , Caviteños made lightning raids on Spanish headquarters, and soon liberated the entire province through the Battle of Alapan . Aguinaldo commanded the Revolution to its successful end –

3090-708: The Eastern Visayas . Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay . The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and

3193-531: The Maluku Islands , and named this land Ternate after their former homeland. Owing to its military importance, Cavite had been attacked by foreigners in their quest to conquer Manila and the Philippines. The Dutch made a surprise attack on the city in 1647, pounding the port incessantly, but were repulsed. In 1672, the British occupied the port during their two-year control in the Philippines. In

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3296-608: The Manila galleon , becoming an essential part of commerce between Asia and Latin America . Originally an agricultural province, its northern cities of Bacoor , Imus , and Dasmariñas (with a combined population of 1,864,560 at the 2020 Census) are now suburbs of Metro Manila due to increasing urbanization in the late 20th century. This province forms part of the Greater Manila Area . The name "Cavite" comes from

3399-457: The most populated province in the country if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu's population figure. The de facto capital and seat of the government of the province is Trece Martires , although Imus is the official ( de jure ) capital while the City of Dasmariñas is the largest city in the province. For over 300 years, the province played an important role in both

3502-402: The "natives" called it Caveit due to the "crooked point of land extending into the sea". The present Cavite City was once a mooring place for Chinese junks that came to trade with the settlements around Manila Bay. The land was formerly known as "Tangway". Archeological evidence in coastal areas shows prehistorical settlements. The Spanish colonizers who arrived in the late 16th century saw

3605-414: The 17th century, encomiendas (Spanish Royal land grants ) were given in Cavite and Maragondon to Spanish conquistadores and their families. By the end of the 1700s, Cavite was the main port of Manila and was a province of 5,724 native families and 859 Spanish Filipino families . The religious orders began acquiring these lands, with some donated, enlarging vast haciendas (estates) in Cavite during

3708-488: The 18th and 19th centuries, enriching themselves. These haciendas became the source of bitter conflicts between the friar orders and Filipino farmers and pushed a number of Caviteños to live as outlaws. This opposition to the friar orders was an important factor that drove many Cavite residents to support reform, and later, independence. In 1872, Filipinos launched their revolt against Spain. Three Filipino priests— Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora —were implicated in

3811-479: The 1968 formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines as the reason for the social unrest of the period. There were clashes between government and communist protesters in the rural areas and the western highlands of Cavite. Another conflict faced by the Philippines throughout the last part of the 20th century had some of its roots in Cavite - the moro conflict, which was largely sparked by outrage in

3914-469: The 1970s and early 1980s. However, these government-owned or corporate-owned estates were unsuccessful at first, and many of them became unused lands well into the Philippine economic collapse of the early 1980s. Old Cavite residents who were primarily engaged in agriculture were displaced and left the province, replaced by a rising number of residents from the capital region. Rosario was the first Cavite town to have several large industrial projects, including

4017-519: The 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino; and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively. The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking, or also overlapping with being more accurately and specifically Filipino-speaking (from north to south): Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of

4120-661: The 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority , there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language, mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly because of Filipino. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora , Bataan , Batangas , Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , Metro Manila , Nueva Ecija , Quezon , and Rizal . Tagalog

4223-459: The FACGF raised a regiment in each of the administrative units and also created attached special battalions. Overall, three special battalions, one medical battalion, one signal company, one hospital unit, and Division GHQ and Staff were raised to provide administrative and combat support. Later on, the FACGF, with a peak of 14,371 Enlisted Men and 1,245 officers, grew into a formidable force to take on

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4326-570: The Hispanicized form of kawit (alternatively kalawit ), Tagalog for "hook", in reference to the small hook-shaped peninsula jutting out to Manila Bay . The name originally applied to the peninsula, Cavite La Punta (now Cavite City ) and the adjacent lowland coastal area of Cavite Viejo (now Kawit , reverting to the original native spelling). The peninsula was also known in the pre-colonial era as Tangway , from Tagalog for "peninsula". Edmund Roberts , in his 1821 memoir, stated that

4429-786: The Japanese discovered his guerilla connection and raided his house in the attempt to capture him, but he escaped along with Col. Lamberto Javalera by swimming the Imus river up to Salinas, Bacoor and finally joined his comrades in the field in Neneng, the General Headquarters of the Fil American Cavite Guerilla Forces (FACGF) located in Dasmariñas . At this time due to his organizational skills

4532-540: The Japanese occupiers, and protected at all costs the National Highway 17 (Aguinaldo Highway) from Tagaytay City to Las Piñas that serve as the vital supply route of the U.S. 11th Airborne Division, paving the way towards the road to the bitter but victorious Battle of Manila . The economic growth of the country began to creep its way to the province following the end of the Second World War and

4635-463: The Latin term for keel, carīna . The ship was grounded broadside on a steep beach at high tide or, in dockyards, moored at a permanent facility for careening known as a careening wharf . A beach favoured for careening was called a careenage . The vessel was then pulled over with tackles from the mastheads to strong points on the shore while the tide went out. If this was being done on a beach, then

4738-719: The Philippine Statistics Authority, there are 611,450 occupied housing units in Cavite. Moreover, according to the Housing and Land-Use Regulatory Board, there are around 1,224 housing subdivisions with issued license to sell in the province until 2009 which occupies an area of 9,471 hectares (23,400 acres). Meanwhile, the industrial sector also develops rapidly in the province. For 2009, operational industrial estates cover around 2,939 hectares (7,260 acres). Tourism establishments are also considered built-up areas such as golf courses, leisure farms, resorts and

4841-467: The Philippines . Presidential Decree No. 1 of 1972 grouped the Provinces of the Philippines into administrative regions, and Cavite was organized into Region IV. The Luzon mainland provinces of this region - Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon - were prioritized for industrialization, and large amounts of agricultural land in Cavite were acquired for conversion into industrial estates throughout

4944-501: The Philippines and especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as and through its standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broaden form of, as and through Filipino , and the language serves as the national lingua franca of the country, but especially or more accurately and specifically as and through Filipino. Tagalog serves as

5047-505: The Philippines under Martial Law . This allowed Marcos to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Cavite went through many social and economic ups and downs. The excesses of the Marcos Family prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture . Among the prominent Caviteño oppositionists were Armed Forces Colonel Bonifacio Gillego , who spoke out against human rights abuses by

5150-541: The Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought authoritarian rule under Marcos. Other Caviteños honored there include Philippine Navy Captain Danilo Vizmanos , musician Benjie Torralba, activists Modesto "Bong" Sison, Florencio Pesquesa, and Artemio Celestial, Jr. , and Nemesio Prudente who would later become president of the Polytechnic University of

5253-649: The Quezon Memorial Park area in Quezon City. A site in Carmona was selected, and by the mid-1970s, the resettlement area soon attracted poor and middle class migrants alike from Quezon City, Manila, Makati and Parañaque. Their clamor to have a municipality of their own resulted in the creation of General Mariano Alvarez. Bacoor, given its proximity to Metro Manila, saw the building of the first residential villages during this time, providing accommodation

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5356-487: The Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque , Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas , Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are

5459-644: The United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in California , Nevada , and Washington states. Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in San Francisco , California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English. Meanwhile, Tagalog and Ilocano (which

5562-412: The agricultural sector. Having rich marine resources and long coastlines, the province is home to numerous fishery activities providing livelihood to many Caviteños. In some lowland and even upland areas, fishery, in the form of fish ponds are also producing a large amount of fish products. Some areas in Cavite are also engaged in fish processing and production of fish products like fish sauce . Mining

5665-401: The alienable and disposable lands are the built-up areas as well as production areas. These lands are intended for urban, economic and demographic developments. Cavite province lies in the western monsoon forest zone. This location is very beneficial for the formation of tropical rainforests , which are characteristically made through natural vegetation. In 2007, the existing forest area within

5768-411: The angle brackets. Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when: Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of

5871-454: The arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida —or alphasyllabary —called Baybayin . This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following

5974-629: The auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become

6077-422: The border of Cavite and Batangas and encompasses three peaks, Palay-Palay, Pico de Loro and Mataas na Gulod . The five unclassified forests are found along Tagaytay Ridge , Maragondon , Magallanes, Ternate and Alfonso . The other mountain peaks in the province are Mt. Buntis, Mt. Nagpatong, Mt. Hulog and Mt. Gonzales (Mt. Sungay). Cavite's forest provides an abundance of different forest products. Bamboo ,

6180-601: The capital, was applied to the whole province, Cavite. The province covered all the present territory except for the town of Maragondon , which used to belong to the Corregimiento of Mariveles . Maragondon was ceded to Cavite in 1754 when Bataan province was created from Pampanga province. Within Maragondon is a settlement established in 1660 by Christian Papuan exiles brought in by the Jesuits from Ternate in

6283-417: The city of Manila . Galleons were built and fitted at the port and many Chinese merchants settled in the communities of Bacoor and Kawit, opposite the Spanish city to trade silks, porcelain and other oriental goods. "A defensive curtained wall was constructed the length of Cavite's western side," beginning from the entrance, "La Estanzuela", and continuing to the end of the peninsula, "Punta de Rivera", with

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6386-701: The common language among Overseas Filipinos , though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups . The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States , wherein 2020, the United States Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined). A study based on data from

6489-589: The corners, contained 20 cannons facing the seashore. Three infantry companies, 180 men each, plus 220 Pampangan infantry, garrisoned the fort. The galleons Espiritu Santo and San Miguel , plus six galleys were constructed between 1606 and 1616. From 1729 to 1739, "the main purpose of the Cavite shipyard was the construction and outfitting of the galleons for the Manila to Acapulco trade run." The vibrant mix of traders, Spanish seamen from Spain and its Latin-American colonies, as well as local residents, gave rise to

6592-605: The country's colonial past and eventual fight for independence, earning it the title "Historical Capital of the Philippines". It became the cradle of the Philippine Revolution , which led to the renouncement of Spanish colonial control , finally culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June   12, 1898 in Kawit . The old provincial capital, Cavite City also hosted docks for

6695-563: The early 1970s largely falling flat in light of the Crony Capitalism and economic crises of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Philippines' gradual postwar recovery took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being one of the early landmark events. Economic analysts generally attribute this to the ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign , although Marcos blamed

6798-506: The eastern shore unprotected by a wall. Cavite contained government offices, churches, mission buildings, Spanish homes, Fort San Felipe and the Rivera de Cavite shipyard. Docks were in place to construct galleons and galleys, but without a dry dock, ships were repaired by careening along the beach. Fort San Felipe , La Fuerza de San Felipe, was built between 1609 and 1616. This quadrilateral structure of curtained walls , with bastions at

6901-649: The fall of Bataan and Corregidor Island , the Japanese Imperial forces occupied Cavite and made their presence felt in each town of the province and Cavite City itself, as well as in the young city of Tagaytay established in the 1930s. After surviving the Bataan Death March and released from Capas, Tarlac concentration camp United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) Col. Mariano Castañeda , returned to Cavite and secretly organized

7004-563: The first Tagalog dictionary, his Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Pila, Laguna . The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work

7107-561: The form of Filipino. Tagalog or Filipino is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao , making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking or also a Filipino-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao , but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino. According to

7210-423: The guerilla forces in the province. The Japanese authorities pressured him to accept the position as Provincial Governor of Cavite, he refused many times over until his excuses did not work, much against his will he was forced to accept the position by the Japanese, and by thinking that it would be beneficial to further organize the resistance movement as Governor by day and a guerilla commander by night. Eventually,

7313-508: The islands in the Caribbean and nearly around the world. One group of islands, Las Tres Marías in Panama , became popular after Francis Drake had sailed there in 1579, and they became a popular place for piracy. A practice similar to careening was a Parliamentary heel , in which the vessel was heeled over in deep water by shifting weight, such as ballast or guns, to one side. In this way

7416-603: The likes. The hydrological network of the province is composed of seven major rivers and its tributaries. These river systems generally flows from the highlands of Tagaytay and Maragondon to Manila Bay. Numerous springs, waterfalls and rivers found in the upland areas of the province, have been developed for tourism. In the lowland areas, hundreds of artesian wells and deep wells provide water supply for both residential and irrigation purposes. Tagalog language Tagalog ( / t ə ˈ ɡ ɑː l ɒ ɡ / , tə- GAH -log ; [tɐˈɣaː.loɡ] ; Baybayin : ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ )

7519-424: The major crops being produced in the province are rice , corn , coffee , coconuts , cut flowers and vegetables . Included in the agricultural land use are livestock farms that range from piggery , poultry , goat and cattle farms. The climatic suitability of Cavite makes the province ideal for integrated farming, having crops and livestock raising in one farm. Fishery is also another major component of

7622-534: The military and later exposed the fact that Ferdinand Marcos had faked most of his military medals. Another was Roman Catholic Priest Fr. Joe Dizon , who led protest actions against government corruption and human rights abuses during martial law in the Philippines, political dynasties, and the pork barrel system and brought social issues to the attention of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines . Both Gillego and Dizon are honored at

7725-517: The municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5.41 square kilometers (2.09 sq mi) or 0.38% of the provincial total and area. Situated at the entrance of Manila Bay, Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctuated by hills; a shoreline fronting Manila Bay at sea level; and a rugged portion at the boundary with Batangas where the Dos Picos mountains are located. The province has two mountain ranges. Cavite

7828-580: The national language in all public and private schools in the country. Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. Under Section 7, however: The regional languages are

7931-593: The navy was establishing a new overseas base. However, dockyards in the United Kingdom typically had dry docks . Careening placed a hull under a considerable strain and even a strongly built ship could be structurally weakened or damaged by the procedure. Using a dry dock was preferred if one was available. At the end of the 18th century, the Royal Navy had 24 dry docks available in Britain, so careening

8034-479: The older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances. Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134 , Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of

8137-514: The omnipresent rule of the Japanese in the province. At its peak the force contained 14 infantry regiments: On January 31, 1945, the liberation of the province of Cavite started with the combined forces of the American 11th Airborne Division under General Joseph Swing and Col. Harry Hildebrand and the valiant Caviteño guerilleros of the Fil-American Cavite Guerilla Forces, which liberated the province of Cavite from

8240-470: The orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. Careening The term, and similar terms in French, Spanish and Italian, derive from the term for a ship's keel — carène (French), carena (Spanish), carena (Italian). These come from

8343-414: The other hand, built-up areas are mainly for residential areas, commercial, industrial and tourism areas. Majority of production land-use is for agriculture . Considering that 50.33% of the total provincial land area is engaged in agriculture, it can be generalized that in spite of rapid urbanization in the province, Cavite remains to have an agricultural economy that makes food security attainable. Some of

8446-668: The other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published

8549-509: The primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013. Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority. According to

8652-704: The proclamation of the First Republic of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, in Kawit. During the Spanish–American War , American forces attacked the Spanish squadron in Cavite. The Spanish defeat marked the end of Spanish rule in the country. A captured Spanish cannon from the Cavite arsenal now sits in Village Green Park in Winnetka, Illinois , United States of America . In May 1942, after

8755-716: The province totaled only to 8,625 hectares (21,310 acres). These forest areas were categorized as Protected Landscape under the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) and the rest, unclassified forest (Non-NIPAS). A total of 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) are located within the Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape , a protected area in Ternate and Maragondon created by Proclamation Number 1594 on October 26, 1976. The park lies at

8858-507: The provincial government, acting thus as the de facto capital of the province. Also, Tagaytay's high location and cool temperatures would enable it to become a secondary summer capital and a vacation spot especially during the Christmas season, given its proximity to the Manila area. The economy of Cavite remained largely agricultural during the decades after the war, from the 1940s to the 1980s, with attempts to create industrial estates in

8961-456: The recruits to death, with only one survivor managing to live by feigning death. The exposes angered the Philippines' Muslim minority enough to trigger the Moro conflict , eventually leading to the creation of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). In 1972, one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973, Ferdinand Marcos placed

9064-438: The restoration of independence. Given its proximity to Manila, the province soon began to feel a transformation into an economic provider of food and industrial goods not just for Metro Manila but for the whole of the country. In 1954, Trece Martires City was created out as a planned capital city from portions of Tanza, Indang, Naic, and General Trias. Despite the transfer of capital status to Imus in 1979, it retains many offices of

9167-470: The rising number of workers from the nearby capital. One geographical feature of Cavite, Mount Sungay , was significantly altered in 1979 when First Lady Imelda Marcos ordered the construction of the Palace in the Sky, a mansion originally intended as a guesthouse for former California Governor Ronald Reagan (who never arrived). This drastically reduced the height of the mountain, which had once been

9270-478: The selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora , which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II , Tagalog as

9373-414: The selection. The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention . The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino . The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When

9476-453: The ship's guns might be moved to the shore and used as anchoring points. However, a careening wharf in a dockyard was preferred, as it would have been equipped with the capstans and rope tackle necessary for hauling over the ship. If a dockyard was not available—for example, the ship was a pirate ship or in need of repairs while in hostile waters—a beach would have to do. The ship would have been lightened beforehand by removing all stores, and

9579-412: The stress or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic ( tuldík ) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position ( malumay ) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries. Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to

9682-430: The turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages. Tagalog has 21 phonemes : 16 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels . Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) syllable structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords. Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs. Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ , and /u/ . Tagalog

9785-485: The unusual tongue of land jutting out on Manila Bay and saw its deep waters as the main staging ground where they could launch their bulky galleons. It would later become the most important port linking the colony to the outside world through the Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade. In 1571, Spanish colonizers established the port and City of Cavite and fortified the settlement as a first line of defense for

9888-413: The upper sides could be cleaned or repaired with minimal delay. Famously, HMS Royal George sank at Spithead off Portsmouth while undergoing a Parliamentary heel in 1782, killing hundreds of people on board. Careening in the traditional sense can only be done on a sailing vessel as its masts are used for hauling it over. Today, larger ships are placed in dry dock; smaller vessels can be lifted from

9991-559: The use of pidgin Spanish called Chabacano . A great number of Mexican men had settled at Cavite, spread throughout Luzon, and had integrated with the local Philippine population. Some of these Mexicans became Tulisanes (Bandits) that led peasant revolts against Spain. Mexicans weren't the only Latin Americans in Cavite, as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans, one such was the Puerto Rican , Alonso Ramirez, who became

10094-519: The wake of exposes about the Jabidah Massacre . The exposes told the story of how a group of moro men were recruited by the military for Operation Merdeka, Marcos' secret plan to invade Sabah and reclaim it from Malaysia, and trained them on the island of Corregidor, which is administered by Cavite province. When for various reasons the recruits decided that they no longer wanted to follow their officers' orders, their officers allegedly shot all

10197-408: The water by a crane or a travel lift . A procedure known as careening is still sometimes done with smaller boats, but differs from what was done historically in that the boat is not winched over by cables attached to the mast. The boat is simply moored at a location where it will be grounded and its hull exposed at low tide. For a few hours, it is possible to carry out inspection or maintenance before

10300-403: Was careened at Malta Dockyard to carry out repairs after the ship had grounded a few weeks earlier. An account of the work done notes that every movable item on the ship had to be taken off. Additional structural reinforcements had to be installed in the hull and all the masts and rigging removed except for the lowest parts. The lower gun ports were sealed, reinforced and made watertight. Also

10403-563: Was made part of Region IV-A, which is also known as the Southern Tagalog Mainland. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna province to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas province to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea . It is located within the Greater Manila Area , not to be confused with adjacent Metro Manila , the defined capital region. Cavite is the second-smallest province in

10506-484: Was not usually necessary for ships stationed in British waters. This gave an advantage over their French rivals, as France had few dry docks, and the French Navy had to routinely careen its ships for maintenance. Pirates would often careen their ships because they had no access to dry docks. A secluded bay would suffice for necessary repairs or hull cleaning, and such little "safe havens" could be found throughout

10609-426: Was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language. The indigenous poet Francisco Balagtas (1788–1862)

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