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44-414: The banking center is housed in a separate building, due to construction problems, and has a three-story lobby. There are 32 passenger elevators each finished with wood panels that include Birdseye Maple, Macassar Ebony, Italian Willow, Tamo, and Kevazingo. The building contains an art gallery in the lobby and plans to host curated exhibitions. The building was renamed for TC Energy in 2019, which serves as

88-930: A fully guaranteed CA$ 4.2 billion loan for the project. The premier also said that over the next twenty years, the financial benefits to Alberta through tax and royalty revenue would be approximately CA$ 30 billion. In response to Alberta's financial support, in March, TC Energy "approved construction of the US$ 8-billion project to transport up to 830,000 barrels per day of oil." According to a Canadian Press March 31, 2020 article Premier Kenney estimated that "1,400 direct and 5,400 indirect jobs" would be created in Alberta during construction. In September 2020, TC Energy announced that it would be restructuring some of its gas pipeline operations in Alberta. In April, shortly after construction on Keystone XL began, Judge Brian M. Morris of

132-554: A narrow split platform profile to reduce the load on the bedrock. In particular, De l'Église station suffered a cave-in during construction and had to be hastily replanned. In some regions of Pennsylvania, the Utica Shale reaches to almost two miles below sea level. However, the depth of the Utica Shale rock decreases to the west into Ohio and to the northwest towards Canada. It reaches a thickness of up to 1,000 feet (300 m) and can be as thin as 70 feet (20 m) towards

176-463: A new structure was built over the site and the existing structure was incorporated into the new building intact. The stone used for the exterior is red Swedish granite, giving the building a "dark pink" appearance. On June 9, 2001, the building was the site of an accident that took place during Tropical Storm Allison . Building security warned individuals that the below-grade parking levels were in danger of flooding and instructed persons working late in

220-554: A team of researchers in a paper published in Energy Policy identified the Utica Shale as a "carbon bomb," a fossil fuel project that would result in more than one gigaton of carbon dioxide emissions if fully extracted and burnt. The Utica Shale lies under most of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, and extends under adjacent parts of Ontario and Quebec in Canada and Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia in

264-572: Is a stratigraphical unit of Upper Ordovician age in the Appalachian Basin . It underlies much of the northeastern United States and adjacent parts of Canada. It takes the name from the city of Utica, New York , as it was first described as an outcrop along the Starch Factory Creek east of the city by Ebenezer Emmons in 1842. The Utica Shale is composed of calcareous, organic, and rich shale . The Utica shale

308-569: Is a fragile ecosystem. In October 2011, TransCanada was involved in up to 56 separate eminent domain actions against landowners in Texas and South Dakota who refused to give permission to the company to build the Keystone Pipeline through their land. However, on August 23, 2012, Texas Judge Bill Harris ruled that TransCanada had the right of eminent domain and could lease or purchase land from owners who refused to sign an agreement with

352-794: Is a major North American energy company , based in the TC Energy Tower building in Calgary , Alberta , Canada, that develops and operates energy infrastructure in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The company operates three core businesses: Natural Gas Pipelines, Liquids Pipelines and Energy. The Natural Gas Pipeline network includes 92,600 kilometres (57,539 miles) of gas pipeline , which transports more than 25% of North American natural gas demand. The Liquids Pipelines division includes 4,900 kilometres (3,045 miles) of oil pipeline, which ships 590,000 barrels of crude oil per day, which

396-714: Is a major source of unconventional tight gas in Quebec , and is rapidly becoming so in Ohio . Drilling and producing from the Utica Shale began in 2006 in Quebec, focusing on an area south of the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City . Interest has grown in the region since Denver-based Forest Oil Corp. announced a significant discovery there after testing two vertical wells. Forest Oil said its Quebec assets may hold as much as four trillion cubic feet of gas reserves, and that

440-447: Is about 20% of Western Canadian exports. The Energy division owns or has interests in 11 power generation facilities with combined capacity of 6,600 megawatts (MW). These power sources include nuclear and natural gas fired. The company is expanding its energy division to include more renewable sources including pumped storage , wind , and solar generation. The company was founded in 1951 in Calgary . The company's US headquarters

484-666: Is an expansion of the Keystone Pipeline System — began construction in 2020. When completed, the Keystone XL Pipeline will transport 830,000 barrels of Athabasca oil sands crude oil per day from the Hardisty, Alberta to Steele City, Nebraska . TC Energy had first proposed the Keystone XL pipeline in 2008. The proposal faced widespread grassroots opposition with tactics including tree sits in

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528-689: Is located in the TC Energy Center skyscraper in Houston, Texas . TC Energy is the largest shareholder in, and owns the general partner of, TC PipeLines . The company was incorporated in 1951 by a Special Act of Parliament as Trans-Canada Pipe Lines Limited. The purpose of the company was to develop the TransCanada pipeline (now known as the Canadian Mainline) to supply eastern Canadian markets with natural gas produced in

572-863: The Federal District Court in Montana suspended the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)'s program allowing permits for pipelines to cross waterways, in spite of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Judge Morris said that the USACE pipeline permits "posed a threat to endangered species" and its reauthorization in 2017, had been improper. In July 2020, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to block Judge Morris' ruling, effectively halting all construction on

616-767: The Gitxsan first nation due to concerns about the impact it would have on salmon in the Skeena River . On July 25, 2017, Petronas announced they were abandoning the Pacific NorthWest LNG proposal and TransCanada said they were "reviewing our options related to our proposed Prince Rupert Gas Transmission (PRGT) project". On March 14, 2024 TC Energy announced the sale of the project to the Nisga'a Nation and Western LNG. Two TC Energy's Liquids pipelines connect Alberta crude oil supplies to U.S. refining markets.,

660-860: The Keystone Pipeline System and the Grand Rapids pipelines. The 460 km-Grand Rapids pipeline transports crude oil from the producing area northwest of Fort McMurray, Alberta, to the Edmonton/Heartland, Alberta market region. In October 2012, TransCanada formed a 50–50 CAD$ 3bn joint-venture with Phoenix Energy Holdings Ltd. (the Canadian subsidiary of PetroChina ) to develop the 500 km Grand Rapids Pipeline. The 4,324 km-Keystone Pipeline System transports crude oil from Hardisty, Alberta , to U.S. markets at Wood River and Patoka, Illinois , Cushing, Oklahoma , and

704-460: The Marcellus and Utica shale gas formations are located. In May 2019, the company changed its name from TransCanada Corporation to TC Energy Corporation to better reflect the company's business, which includes pipelines, power generation and energy storage operations in Canada, the United States and Mexico. In October 2019, the 56-story Bank of America Center skyscraper in Houston, Texas

748-471: The Alberta government gained a US$ 1.1-billion ownership stake in the 1,947-kilometre pipeline which will "575,000 barrels of oil daily". The province intends to sell its shares to TC Energy "after commercial operations begin." Alberta also gave a full guarantee on a US$ 4.2-billion project loan. The $ USD1.1 billion equity covers construction costs from April through December 2020. TC Energy will also invest CA$ .7 billion. The Alberta government are also providing

792-574: The Canadian company Gastem, which had been drilling gas wells into the Utica Shale in Quebec, drilled the first of its three state-permitted Utica Shale wells in New York. The first well drilled was in Otsego County . New York imposed a moratorium on large-volume hydraulic fracturing in 2008. This was renewed by Governor Andrew Cuomo in 2014, and continues as of December 2017. The US Energy Information Administration estimated in 2012 that

836-519: The November 3, 2020 United States presidential election , he would fulfill his promise to cancel the pipeline's "vital presidential permit." In January 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden revoked the project’s presidential permit. On November 16, 2017, oil leaked from the pipeline in Marshall County, South Dakota , for 15 minutes before the flow of oil could be stopped. The company reported

880-540: The U.S. Gulf Coast. The Keystone System transports approximately 20% of Western Canadian crude oil to export markets. The Keystone Pipeline has had three significant leaks since it opened in 2010. It has leaked approximately 400 barrels in North Dakota in 2011 and South Dakota in 2016, and approximately 5000 barrels in South Dakota in 2017. A third pipeline, the 1,906 km-long Keystone XL Pipeline — which

924-621: The United States. It occurs in outcrops in the state of New York and in the subsurface in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario . Parts of the Utica shale underlie the Island of Montreal , and its weakness relative to the Trenton and Chazy limestones under much of the rest of the island complicated the construction of the Montreal metro . Some stations had to be built cut-and-cover or with

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968-528: The Utica Shale in the US held 15.7 trillion cubic feet of unproved, technically recoverable gas. The average well was estimated to produce 1.13 billion cubic feet of gas. The same year, the US Geological Survey estimated that the Utica Shale had 38.2 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered technically recoverable gas, 940 million barrels of oil, and 208 million barrels of natural gas liquids . In 2022,

1012-483: The Utica shale has similar rock properties to the Barnett Shale in Texas. Forest Oil, which has several junior partners in the region, has drilled both vertical and horizontal wells. Calgary-based Talisman Energy has drilled five vertical Utica wells, and began drilling two horizontal Utica wells in late 2009 with its partner Questerre Energy , which holds under lease more than 1 million gross acres of land in

1056-712: The XL Pipeline. In September 2020, the Nekaneet Cree Nation in Saskatchewan , the Ermineskin Cree Nation , Montana First Nation , Louis Bull Tribe , and Saddle Lake Cree Nation in Alberta signed a memoranda of understanding (MOU) for an ownership stake in Keystone XL. In a Canadian Press article Calgary energy reporter, Dan Healing, wrote that Keystone XL's future was "still in doubt"—if Presidential candidate Joe Biden wins

1100-530: The amount as over 210,000 gallons. TransCanada reported it discovered the leak in Amherst, South Dakota , at 6 am on Thursday after systems detected a drop in pressure in the northern leg of the pipeline. The leak was discovered about 35 miles south of the Ludden pump station. In April 2018, a federal investigation showed that the spill was almost twice as large as TransCanada had claimed in November, and that it

1144-504: The building to move vehicles to upper levels of the garage. Kristie Tautenhahn, an employee of the law firm Mayer, Brown & Platt , went to move her vehicle parked on sub-level 3 at 10:30 UTC (05:30 CDT ) which by that time was completely submerged. She drowned in an elevator car trying to escape water that had erupted out when a cinderblock wall that separated the parking garage from the tunnel system broke. TC Energy TC Energy Corporation (formerly TransCanada Corporation )

1188-435: The company for a public right of way for the pipeline. The landowners had said that the pipeline was not open to other companies, and so did not meet the criteria for eminent domain. U.S. President Barack Obama rejected the pipeline on November 3, 2015. Early in his tenure in 2017, President Donald Trump signed presidential memoranda to revive both Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines. The order would expedite

1232-622: The company owns 535 Bcf of natural gas storage facilities, making TC Energy one of the largest natural gas storage providers in North America. This segment is TC Energy's largest segment, generating approximately two-thirds of the company's EBITDA in 2017. The Natural Gas Pipelines business is split into three operating segments: Canadian Natural Gas Pipelines, U.S. Natural Gas Pipelines, and Mexico Natural Gas Pipelines. The major pipeline systems include: Projects in development include: Coastal GasLink Pipeline Project — In June 2012 it

1276-593: The company's US headquarters, and is the largest tenant in the building. At 56 stories the TC Energy Center is the 101st tallest building in the United States and is the eighth tallest building in Texas. The northeast corner of the structure houses a building within a building. On the site is the main Western Union building and when relocation of the telegraph cables proved unfeasible,

1320-519: The company. Canada's Big Five (banks) own almost 23% of the outstanding share capital. Significant holdings accrue to the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and the OMERS . In 2019 TransCanada aided the drafting of anti-protest legislation in South Dakota. The legislation, which Governor Kristi Noem signed into law in March 2019, created a fund to cover the costs of policing pipeline protests, and

1364-919: The eastern part of the state. Map of Ohio Utica Shale drilling permits and activity by date. In 2011 drilling and permits for drilling in the Utica Shale in Ohio reached record highs. Companies like CNX Resources have had success expanding Utica Shale production in Pennsylvania, drilling its first Utica well in 2015 in Westmoreland County. In 2022, CNX formed a partnership with the Pittsburgh International Airport in Allegheny County to develop Utica shale on airport property and convert it to LNG and CNG for use in fueling aviation and other machinery. In 2009,

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1408-464: The environmental review that Trump described as an "incredibly cumbersome, long, horrible permitting process". In 2017, Trump signed a U.S. Presidential Permit to allow TransCanada to build the Nebraska pipeline route of the Keystone XL. TransCanada secured sufficient commercial support to commence construction preparation. This action by Trump inspired another wave of protests and rallies against

1452-458: The path of the pipeline and civil disobedience by celebrities. Critics state that by developing the oil sands, fossil fuels will be readily available and the trend toward warming of the atmosphere won't be curbed. The fate of the pipeline is therefore held up as symbolic of America's energy future. Critics have raised concerns about the risks of spillage, as the Sandhills region of Nebraska

1496-517: The pipeline. In March 2020, Premier Jason Kenney of Alberta, agreed to help finance the construction of TC Energy's Keystone XL oil sands pipeline in southern Alberta, Montana, South Dakota and Nebraska with a CA$ 7.5 billion (US$ 5.3 billion) financing agreement. According to The New York Times , despite the coronavirus pandemic, a down turn in the global economy, and "plunging oil prices", Premier Kenney said that Alberta could not afford "for Keystone XL to be delayed." With this financial agreement,

1540-711: The port of Kitimat , on the Douglas Channel . The investment and construction decisions for the LNG Canada and Coastal GasLink Pipeline Project were officially confirmed early October 2018, for completion by 2024–2025. However, hereditary chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen have denied consent to construct the pipeline on the company's preferred route through culturally and ecologically sensitive lands in their unceded territory, leading to nationwide protests . Prince Rupert Gas Transmission project — In January 2013 it

1584-558: The proposed Canyon Creek Pumped Storage Project near Hinton, Alberta would provide 75 MW of clean energy. The proposed Saddlebrook Solar + Storage project in Aldersyde, Alberta would consist of 102.5 MW of solar generation with utility-scale energy storage. As of March 2024, 83.5% of the share capital of TC Energy is owned by institutional investors . The dominant shareholder is the Royal Bank of Canada , which owns over 9% of

1628-443: The region . Other companies in the play are Quebec-based Gastem and Calgary-based Canbriam Energy. The Utica Shale in Quebec potentially holds 4 × 10 ^  cu ft (110 × 10 ^  m ) at production rates of 1 × 10 ^  cu ft (28,000 m ) per day. From 2006 through 2009 24 wells, both vertical and horizontal, were drilled to test the Utica. Positive gas flow test results were reported, although none of

1672-460: The wells were producing at the end of 2009. Gastem, one of the Utica shale producers, took its Utica Shale expertise to drill across the border in New York state . The province of Quebec imposed a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in March 2012. Utica Shale drilling and production began in Ohio in 2011. Ohio as of 2013 is becoming a major natural gas and oil producer from the Utica Shale in

1716-580: The west. In 1998, TransCanada Pipelines merged with NOVA Corporation 's pipeline business, keeping the TransCanada name and becoming "the fourth largest energy services company in North America". Seeking to expand its presence in the United States, in 2016, TransCanada acquired Columbia Pipeline Group (CPG) for US$ 13 billion from NiSource 's Shareholders. The CPG acquisition added a pipeline network in Pennsylvania and surrounding states, where

1760-517: Was accompanied by another law which sought to raise revenue for the fund by creating civil penalties for advising, directing, or encouraging persons participating in rioting. In response to the law Noem was sued by the Indigenous Environmental Network , Sierra Club , and other groups, who argued the laws violate First Amendment rights by incentivizing the state to sue protesters. Utica Shale The Utica Shale

1804-633: Was announced that TransCanada was selected by Petronas to design, build, own, and operate the Prince Rupert Gas Transmission project, a gas pipeline that would transport natural gas from the Montney region near Fort St. John, British Columbia to a LNG terminal planned by Progress Energy Canada Ltd. in Port Edward, British Columbia on Lelu Island near Prince Rupert, British Columbia . The project faced opposition from

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1848-551: Was announced that TransCanada was selected by Shell and LNG Canada partners Korea Gas Corporation , Mitsubishi Corporation and PetroChina Company Limited (to which Petronas of Malaysia was added in 2018) to design, build, own and operate the Coastal GasLink pipeline between northeastern B.C. gas fields near Dawson Creek, British Columbia , and the LNG Canada LNG liquefaction, storage and export facility in

1892-413: Was renamed as TC Energy Center and serves as the company's US headquarters. TC Energy's natural gas pipelines business builds, owns and operates a network of natural gas pipelines across North America that connects gas production to interconnects and end use markets. The company transports over 25% of continental daily natural gas demand through 91,900 km (57,100 mi) of pipelines. In addition,

1936-957: Was the seventh-largest onshore oil spill since 2002. The study showed that 407,000 gallons, not 210,000 gallons, had spilled. Also in April 2018, Reuters reviewed documents that showed that Keystone had "leaked substantially more oil, and more often, in the United States than the company indicated to regulators in risk assessments before operations began in 2010". TC Energy's Energy division consists of power generation and unregulated natural gas storage assets. The power business consists of approximately 7,000 megawatts (MW) of generation capacity owned or under development. These assets are located primarily in Canada and are powered by natural gas, nuclear, and wind. TC Energy has proposed two pumped storage projects and one solar project to store and supply clean energy. The Ontario Pumped Storage Project near Meaford, Ontario would provide 1000 MW of clean energy and

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