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61-453: TED Conferences, LLC ( Technology, Entertainment, Design ) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "Ideas Change Everything" (previously "Ideas Worth Spreading"). It was founded by Richard Saul Wurman and Harry Marks in February 1984 as a technology conference, in which Mickey Schulhof gave a demo of

122-460: A "museum curator", or a "keeper" of a cultural heritage institution (e.g., gallery , museum , library , or archive ) is a content specialist charged with an institution's collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material including historical artifacts. A collections curator's concern necessarily involves tangible objects of some sort—artwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific collections. In smaller organizations,

183-522: A "wish to change the world". Each winner unveiled their wish at the main annual conference. Since 2010, a single winner has been chosen to ensure that TED can maximize its efforts in achieving the winner's wish. In 2012, the prize was not awarded to a person, but to a concept connected to the current global phenomenon of increasing urbanization . In 2013, the prize amount was increased to $ 1 million. TED Prize winners in previous years have been: TED Conference commissioned New York artist Tom Shannon to create

244-761: A British-American businessman, through the non-profit TED Foundation since July 2019 (originally by the non-profit Sapling Foundation ). The main TED conference has been held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada , at the Vancouver Convention Centre since 2014. The first conferences from 1984 (TED1) through 2008 (TED2008) were held at the Monterey Conference Center in Monterey, California . Between 2009 and 2014, it

305-575: A Gold Medal from AIGA , and Boston Science Museum 's 50th Annual Bradford Washburn Award in 2014. He is also an American Institute of Architects fellow and member of the Art Directors Club of New York hall of fame. Wurman lives in Golden Beach, Florida with his wife, novelist Gloria Nagy. They have four children and six grandchildren. He is Jewish . Curator A curator (from Latin : cura , meaning 'to take care')

366-473: A TED Talk in which he explained his vision of the conference and his future role of curator . Wurman left after the 2002 conference. In 2006, attendance cost was $ 4,400 per person and was by invitation only. The membership model was shifted in January 2007 to an annual membership fee of $ 6,000, which included attendance of the conference, club mailings, networking tools, and conference DVDs. The 2018 conference

427-484: A collection of words by Louis Kahn . Wurman's map-oriented and infographic guidebooks include the Access travel series (starting with Access/LA in 1980), several books on healthcare, Understanding USA (1999). Information Anxiety (1989) and its second edition (2000). His books about information architecture and information design include Information Architects (1996) and UnderstandingUnderstanding (2017). He

488-551: A combination of both. For events held at schools, the license must be held by a current student, faculty, or staff member. The first TEDxYouth event was held by TEDxYouth@Tokyo in Japan. TED Fellows were introduced in 2007, during the first TEDAfrica conference in Arusha , Tanzania, where 100 young people were selected from across the continent. Two years later, during TEDIndia, 99 fellows were recruited, mainly from South Asia. In 2009,

549-463: A consultancy basis. In France, the term "exhibitions curator" is translated as commissaire d'exposition or curateur . The late-20th century saw an explosion of artists organizing exhibitions. The artist-curator has a long tradition of influence, notably featuring Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), inaugural president of the Royal Academy of Arts , London, founded in 1768. Curators hold

610-443: A curator may be the only paid staff-member. In larger institutions, the curator's primary function is that of a subject specialist, with the expectation that he or she will conduct original research on objects and guide the organization in its collecting. Such institutions can have multiple curators, each assigned to a specific collecting area (e.g., curator of ancient art, curator of prints and drawings, etc.) and often operating under

671-483: A curator may have sole responsibility for acquisitions and even for collections care . A curator makes decisions regarding what objects to select, oversees their potential and documentation, conducts research based on the collection and its history, provides proper packaging of object for transportation, and shares research with the public and community through exhibitions and publications. In very small, volunteer-based museums, such as those of local historical societies,

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732-534: A growing community of "TEDsters" gathered annually with Wurman leading the conference in Monterey until 2009, when it was moved to Long Beach, California due to a substantial increase in the number of those attending. Speakers were initially drawn from the fields of expertise behind the acronym TED; but during the 1990s, presenters broadened to include scientists, philosophers, musicians, religious leaders, philanthropists, and many others. In 2000, Wurman, looking for

793-428: A high academic degree in their subject, typically a Doctor of Philosophy or a master's degree in subjects such as history, art, history of art , archaeology , anthropology , or classics . Curators are also expected to have contributed to their academic field, for example, by delivering public talks, publishing articles, or presenting at specialist academic conferences. It is important that curators have knowledge of

854-748: A more internationally oriented sister conference was added, under the name TEDGlobal. It was held, in chronological order: in Oxford , UK (2005), in Arusha , Tanzania (2007, titled TEDAfrica), in Oxford again (2009 and 2010), and in Edinburgh , UK (2011, 2012, and 2013). In 2014, it was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Additionally, there was TED India, in Mysore (2009) and TEDGlobal London in London (2015). TEDGlobal 2017

915-403: A movement in museums, public humanities organizations, and within the biocuration field to involve community members in various curatorial processes, including exhibit development and programming. Community members involved in community curation are likely not trained as museum professionals, but have vested interests in the outcomes of curatorial projects. Community curation is a response to

976-457: A prize sculpture for all TED Prize winners. It consists of an eight-inch-diameter (20 cm) aluminum sphere magnetically levitated above a walnut disc. As of 2018 the prize has been recast as The Audacious Project . In 2005, Chris Anderson hired June Cohen as Director of TED Media. In June 2006, after Cohen's idea of a TV show based on TED lectures was rejected by several networks, a selection of talks that had received highest audience ratings

1037-410: A successor at age 65, met with new-media entrepreneur and TED enthusiast Chris Anderson to discuss future happenings. Anderson's UK media company Future bought TED for $ 14 million ($ 12 million in cash and $ 2 million in stocks). In November 2001, Anderson's non-profit The Sapling Foundation (motto: "fostering the spread of great ideas") acquired TED from Future for £6m. In February 2002, Anderson gave

1098-473: A test lab, where an independent curator selected technology that showcased radical technology advancements and their impact on society, such as the ability to design and "print" physical objects using 3D printers (such as a fully working violin) or the ability to model and represent accurate interactive medical and molecular models in stereoscopic 3D. As US museums have become increasingly more digitized, curators find themselves constructing narratives in both

1159-422: A work of art, the injection of technology and impact of social media into every aspect of society has seen the emergence of technology curators. Technology curators are people who are able to disentangle the science and logic of a particular technology and apply it to real-world situations and society, whether it is for social change, commercial advantage, or other purposes. The first U.K. Wired Conference had

1220-414: A year; now it's about a million people a day watching TED Talks online. When we first put up a few of the talks as an experiment, we got such impassioned responses that we decided to flip the organization on its head and think of ourselves not so much as a conference but as "ideas worth spreading," building a big website around it. The conference is still the engine, but the website is the amplifier that takes

1281-555: Is a collection of podcasts with over 25 shows. One of those shows is the TED Interview podcast which launched on October 16, 2018, during which Chris Anderson holds conversations with speakers who have previously given a TED talk , providing the guest a chance to speak in greater depth about their background, projects, motivation, re-evaluation of past experiences, or plans for the future. Each interview lasts between 45 minutes and about one hour. All podcasts are available on

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1342-453: Is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the particular institution and its mission. The term "curator" may designate the head of any given division, not limited to museums . Curator roles include "community curators", "literary curators", " digital curators ", and " biocurators ". A "collections curator",

1403-438: Is a professional scientist who curates, collects, annotates, and validates information that is disseminated by biological databases and model organism databases . Education and outreach play an important role in some institutions. It has led to the emergence of titles such as "Curator of Education" and "Curator of Public Practice". Community curation— also known as "co-curation", "public curation" or "inclusive curation" —is

1464-445: Is planned to culminate in the creation of a network of live urban observatories around the world. Wurman supports SENS Research Foundation , a nonprofit biotechnology organization that seeks to repair the damages of aging and extend healthy lifespan. Wurman has written, designed, and published nearly a hundred books on varying topics, including Notebooks and Drawings of Louis I. Kahn (1963) and What Will Be Has Always Been (1986),

1525-607: The TEDx Music Project . In 2011, TED began a program called "TEDx in a Box", which is intended to enable people in developing countries to hold TEDx events. TEDx also expanded to include TEDxYouth events, TEDx corporate events, and TEDxWomen. TEDxYouth events are independent programs set up for students who are in grades 7–12. These events usually have audiences of people close to the age of the students and sometimes show TED Talks. According to TEDxSanta Cruz , "as of 2015, over 1,500 [TEDx events] have been scheduled all over

1586-765: The University of Pennsylvania , completing his graduate degree with honors in 1959. Wurman chaired the IDCA Conference in 1972, the First Federal Design assembly in 1973, and the annual American Institute of Architects (AIA) conference in 1976. He created and chaired several conferences, including the TED conferences from 1984 through 2003, TEDMED from 1995 through 2010, and the WWW conference. He works with Esri and RadicalMedia on comparative cartographic initiatives for mapping urban settings, which

1647-501: The compact disc that was invented in October 1982. Its main conference has been held annually since 1990. It covers almost all topics—from science to business to global issues —in more than 100 languages. TED's early emphasis was on technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins. It later broadened to include scientific, cultural, political, humanitarian, and academic topics. It has been curated by Chris Anderson ,

1708-575: The compact disc , co-developed by Philips and Sony , and one of the first demonstrations of the Apple Macintosh computer. Presentations were given by the mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot and others such as Nicholas Negroponte and Stewart Brand . The event was financially unsuccessful; six years elapsed before a second conference was organized. TED2 was held at the same Monterey Conference Center in California in 1990. From 1990 onward,

1769-424: The 19th century "information transmission" model of learning, in which museums are sources of expert knowledge and visitors are the recipients of that expertise. Community curation seeks not to abandon expertise, but to broaden definitions of expertise to "include broader domains of experience" that visitors bring to museums. Community curation practices are varied. Organizations have conducted community outreach at

1830-458: The 4.5 billion people on the planet who don't speak English", according to TED Curator Chris Anderson. The OTP used crowd-based subtitling platforms to translate the text of TED and TED-Ed videos, as well as to caption and translate videos created in the TEDx program. (Until May 2012 it worked with its technology partner dotSUB, and then with the open source translation tool Amara ). When the project

1891-518: The INP (Institut National du Patrimoine). The "conservateurs du patrimoine" are civil servants or work in the public service; the use of the title by private workers is not possible. In the United Kingdom, the term "curator" also applies to government employees who monitor the quality of contract archaeological work under Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16) and manage

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1952-503: The OTP Wiki OTPedia, Facebook groups, or video tutorials. TEDx was founded by Lara Stein . TEDx are independent events similar to TED in presentation. They can be organized by anyone who obtains a free license from TED, and agrees to follow certain principles. TEDx events are required to be non-profit, but organizers may use an admission fee or commercial sponsorship to cover costs. Speakers are not paid and must also relinquish

2013-598: The TED Audio Collective with a number of podcasts featuring previous TED Talks and other relevant topics. TED 2022 was held in Vancouver. There was criticism after Marvin Rees , Mayor of Bristol , flew 9,200 miles (14,800 km) to speak about climate change and the need for reduced carbon emissions . The TED Prize was introduced in 2005. Until 2010, $ 100,000 was given annually to three individuals with

2074-510: The TED website, in part together with transcripts, as well as through platforms such as Apple Podcasts , Spotify , Google Podcasts , TuneIn , Stitcher , RadioPublic , Castbox , iHeartRadio , and BBC Radio 4 Extra . Season Four began in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic as a live-stream broadcast co-hosted by Chris Anderson and Whitney Pennington Rodgers and often offered listeners

2135-610: The Web Visionary Award for Technical Achievement, and The One Show Interactive Bronze Award (2008); the AIGA Annual Design Competition (2009); and a Peabody Award (2012). In January 2009, TED videos had been viewed 50 million times. In June 2011, they reached 500 million views; and on November 13, 2012, they reached their billionth video view. In March 2012, Chris Anderson said in an interview: It used to be 800 people getting together once

2196-441: The beginning of exhibition projects, and convenes community advisory committees at various stages in the curatorial process. or have accepted exhibit proposals from community members and trained them in curatorial skills to co-create exhibits. Such efforts to allow communities to participate in curation can require "more not less expertise from museum staff". The term "literary curator" has been used to describe persons who work in

2257-598: The copyrights to their materials, which TED may edit and distribute under a Creative Commons license. As of January 2014, the TEDxTalks library contained some 30,000 films and presentations from more than 130 countries. As of October 2017, the TEDx archive surpassed 100,000 talks. In March 2013, eight TEDx events were organized every day; raised up from five in June 2012, the previous year, in 133 countries. TEDx presentations may include live performances, which are catalogued in

2318-593: The cultural resource of a region. In a museum setting, a curator in the United Kingdom may also be called a "keeper". An "exhibitions curator" is a person in charge of conceiving and organising exhibitions. The title "curator" identifies someone who selects and often interprets works for an exhibit. In addition to selecting works, the curator is often responsible for writing labels, catalog essays, and other content supporting exhibitions. Such curators may be permanent staff members, "guest curators" from an affiliated organization or university, or "freelance curators" working on

2379-487: The current collecting market for their area of expertise, and are aware of current ethical practices and laws that may impact their organisation's collecting. The increased complexity of many museums and cultural organisations has prompted the emergence of professional programs in fields such as public history, public humanities , museum studies , arts management , and curating/curatorial practice. (See →External links for further information on courses.) A biocurator

2440-605: The development of a website to feature about 100 of the talks. In April 2007, the new TED.com was launched, developed by New York and San Francisco-based design company Method . The website has won many prizes, including seven Webby Awards , iTunes' "Best Podcast of the Year" (2006–2010); the Communication Arts Interactive Award for Information Design (2007); the OMMA Award for Video Sharing,

2501-680: The direction of a head curator. In such organizations, the physical care of the collection may be overseen by museum collections-managers or by museum conservators, with documentation and administrative matters (such as personnel, insurance, and loans) handled by a museum registrar. In France, the term "collections curator" is translated as conservateur . There are two kinds of conservateurs : heritage curators ( conservateurs du patrimoine ) with five specialities (archeology, archives, museums, historical monuments, natural science museums), and librarian curators ( conservateurs des bibliothèques ). These curators are selected by competitive examination and attend

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2562-555: The event's creation, nor are they allowed to present on the main stage. In 2015, TED staff consisted of about 180 people headquartered in New York City and Vancouver, British Columbia. On July 1, 2019, the TED Conferences LLC was transferred from Sapling Foundation to TED Foundation to "align with our brand and make it easier for our donors to connect TED donations to TED Conferences, LLC." In 2021, TED launched

2623-538: The fellows program was initiated in its present form. For every TED or TEDGlobal conference, 20 fellows are selected; a total of 40 new fellows a year. Each year, 20 past fellows are chosen to participate in the two-year senior fellows program (in which they will attend four more conferences). 2019 marked the tenth anniversary of the TED Fellows program. Acceptance as a fellow is not based on academic credentials , but mainly on past and current actions, and plans for

2684-418: The field of poetry, such as former 92nd Street Y director Karl Kirchwey . More recently, advances in new technologies have led to a further widening of the role of curator. This has been a focus in major art institutions internationally and has become an object of academic study and research. In the same way that a museum curator may acquire objects of relevance or an art curator may select or interpret

2745-588: The film speaks at a fictional TED conference at Wembley Stadium in the then-future of 2023; on the film's release, Rielly noted that the association had generated millions of unique visits to the TED website. In 2014, the conference was moved to Vancouver , Canada. TED is currently funded by various revenue streams, including attendance fees, corporate sponsorships, foundation support, licensing fees, and book sales. Corporate sponsors are diverse, including companies such as Google , GE , AOL , Goldman Sachs , and The Coca-Cola Company . Sponsors do not participate in

2806-763: The future. Besides attending a conference free of charge, each fellow takes part in a special program with mentoring by experts in the field of spreading ideas, and can give a short talk on the "TED Fellows" stage. Some of these talks are subsequently published on TED.com. Senior fellows have additional benefits and responsibilities. TED-Ed is a YouTube channel from TED which creates short animated educational videos. It also has its own website. TED-Ed lessons are created in collaboration with educators and animators. Current advisers for TED-Ed lessons include Aaron Sams , Jackie Bezos , John Hunter, Jonathan Bergmann , Melinda French Gates , and Sal Khan . It has over 19.4 million subscribers as of January 2024. The TED Audio Collective

2867-762: The ideas to the world. In March 2012, Netflix announced a deal to stream an initial series of 16 two-hour collections of TED Talks on similar subjects. It was made available to subscribers in the United States, Canada, Latin America, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Hosted by Jami Floyd, TED Talks NYC debuted on NYC Life on March 21, 2012. As of October 2020, over 3500 TED talks had been posted, and five to seven new talks are published each week. On TED.com, most talks and speakers are introduced, and talk transcripts are provided; some talks also have footnotes and resource lists. In 2005, under Anderson's supervision,

2928-437: The material and digital worlds. Historian Elaine Gurian has called for museums in which "visitors could comfortably search for answers to their own questions regardless of the importance placed on such questions by others". This would change the role of curator from teacher to "facilitator and assistor". In this sense, the role of curator in the United States is precarious, as digital and interactive exhibits often allow members of

2989-548: The official website. In June 2011, TED Talks' combined viewing figures surpassed 500 million, and by November 2012, they had been watched over one billion times worldwide. While the talks are available free online, sharing TED content in commercial contexts (such as corporate learning and talent development) requires a license. TED was conceived in 1984 by Richard Saul Wurman , FAIA '76, and co-founded by Emmy-winning broadcast and graphic designer Harry Marks and CBS President Emeritus Frank Stanton . The conference featured demos of

3050-427: The opportunity to submit questions to the speaker. TEDMED is an annual conference concerned with health and medicine. It is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference. TEDMED was founded in 1998 by TED's founder Ricky Wurman. After years of inactivity, in 2008 Wurman sold TEDMED to entrepreneur Marc Hodosh , who recreated and relaunched it. The first event under Hodosh's ownership

3111-420: The public to become their own curators, and to choose their own information. Citizens are then able to educate themselves on the specific subject they are interested in, rather than spending time listening to information they have no desire to learn. In Scotland, the term "curator" is also used to mean the guardian of a child, known as curator ad litem . In Australia and New Zealand, the term also applies to

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3172-443: The world." TEDx events have evolved over time. Events such as TEDxBeaconStreet created TEDx Adventures for participants. People may sign up for free, hands-on experiences in their local communities, led by an expert. A TEDx youth event license follows the same format as the standard event license and falls within the same TEDx event rules, except this event is oriented towards youth. TEDxYouth licenses may be held by youth, adults, or

3233-561: Was $ 10,000 per attendee. Between 2001 and 2006, TED upgraded its platform to provide TED talks online for free, added TEDGlobal that became a worldwide conference, and created the TED Prize. In 2012, TED community director Tom Rielly helped the producers of Prometheus gain approval for the use of the TED brand in the promotional short film TED 2023 , designed by Rielly with Ridley Scott and Damon Lindelof , directed by Luke Scott , and starring Guy Pearce as Peter Weyland , who in

3294-546: Was awarded the Arthur Spayed Brooks Gold Medal, several honorary doctorates, a Graham fellowship, a Guggenheim fellowship, numerous federal National Endowment for the Arts grants, and has served as a distinguished professor at Northeastern University . He is a recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum , an Annual Gold Medal from Trinity College, Dublin ,

3355-601: Was held again in Arusha, Tanzania, and it was curated and hosted by Emeka Okafor. TED's European director (and curator of TEDGlobal) is Swiss-born Bruno Giussani . The TED 2011 conference, The Rediscovery of Wonder , was held in Long Beach, California , US, from February 28 to March 4, 2011. The TED conference has a companion conference, TEDGlobal, held in the UK each summer. The 2009 TEDGlobal, The Substance of Things Not Seen ,

3416-642: Was held in Long Beach, California , United States. TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe , Asia , and Africa , offering live streaming of the talks. TED returned to Monterey in 2021 with TEDMonterey. The talks address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling. Since June 2006, TED Talks had been offered for free viewing online, under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives Creative Commons license , through TED.com. As of December 2020, over 3,500 talks are freely available on

3477-787: Was held in Oxford, July 21–24, 2009. 2010's TEDGlobal (again in Oxford) was themed And Now The Good News ; in 2011 the conference moved to a new home in Edinburgh and was held July 12–15 with the theme The Stuff Of Life . The 2012 TEDGlobal conference Radical Openness was held in Edinburgh, June 25–29. TED Translators, formerly known as the Open Translation Project (OTP), started as the TED Open Translation Project in May 2009. It intends to "[reach] out to

3538-550: Was held in San Diego in October 2009. In January 2010, TED.com began including videos of TEDMED talks on the TED website. The second Hodosh-owned edition of TEDMED took place in October 2010, also in San Diego. It sold out for a second year and attracted notable healthcare leaders and Hollywood celebrities. In 2011, Jay Walker and a group of executives and investors purchased TEDMED from Hodosh for $ 16 million with future additional payments of as much as $ 9 million. The conference

3599-708: Was launched, 300 translations had been completed in 40 languages by 200 volunteer transcribers. By May 2015, more than 70,000 sets of subtitles in 107 languages had been completed by (an all-time total of) 38,173 volunteer translators. The project helped generate a significant increase in international visitors to TED's website. Traffic from outside the US has increased 350 percent: there has been 600 percent growth in Asia, and more than 1000 percent in South America. Members have several tools dedicated to knowledge management, such as

3660-477: Was posted on the websites of TED, YouTube and iTunes under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0. Only a handful of talks was initially posted to see if there was an audience for them. In January of the following year, the number of talks on the sites had grown to 44, and they had been viewed more than three million times. On the basis of that success, the organization pumped hundreds of thousands of dollars into its video production operations and

3721-715: Was then moved to Washington, DC. TEDWomen is an annual three-day conference. Established in 2010, TEDWomen features speakers focused on women-oriented themes, including gender issues and reproductive health. There are over 130 TEDWomen Talks available to watch on the TED website. Past speakers include former president Jimmy Carter , Hillary Clinton , Sheryl Sandberg , Madeleine Albright , Nancy Pelosi , and Halla Tómasdóttir . TEDYouth talks are aimed at middle school and high school students and feature information from youth innovators. Speakers and performers at official TED events are not compensated. Richard Saul Wurman Wurman received both his B.Arch. and M.Arch. degrees from

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