Cadet College Razmak is a military high school , located in the valley of Razmak , in North Waziristan , Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan .
56-559: Razmak ( Pashto and Urdu : رزمک ) is one of the three subdivisions of North Waziristan District in Pakistan, the other two being Mir Ali and Miran Shah . The inhabitants are almost exclusively Wazir Pashtuns , along with a few from the Mahsud tribe. The town of Razmak is located just north of Makeen , South Waziristan . The Razmak subdivision of North Waziristan is divided into three Tehsils: Razmak, Dossali, and Garyum. Dossali
112-453: A royal decree of Zahir Shah formally granted Pashto the status of an official language, with full rights to use in all aspects of government and education – despite the fact that the ethnically Pashtun royal family and bureaucrats mostly spoke Persian. Thus Pashto became a national language , a symbol for Pashtun nationalism . The constitutional assembly reaffirmed the status of Pashto as an official language in 1964 when Afghan Persian
168-689: A campaign against Pakistan. He continued their guerilla warfare against the new nation's government. In 1950, he announced the creation of Pashtunistan as an independent nation. A Pashtun tribal jirga , held in Razmak, appointed Mirzali Khan as the President of the National Assembly for Pashtunistan. However, later on Faqir Ipi, while addressing a gathering at Razmak, said that the Government of Afghanistan had misled him and deceived him in
224-536: A device). Post-7th century borrowings came primarily from Persian and Hindi-Urdu , with Arabic words being borrowed through Persian, but sometimes directly. Modern speech borrows words from English, French , and German . However, a remarkably large number of words are unique to Pashto. Here is an exemplary list of Pure Pashto and borrowings: naṛә́i jahān dunyā tod/táwda garm aṛtyā́ ḍarurah híla umid də...pə aṛá bāra bolә́la qasidah Cadet College Razmak The college
280-556: A mission to recreate the college. Commander 11 Corps Peshawar got new accommodation at Nowshera cantt for the College. The new accommodation fulfilled all the requirements of the college. The new accommodation was of 19 and 20th century built and identical to Razmak in outlook. The complete college was shifted by 6 March 2013. Cadet College was moved back to Razmak in September 2015 to its original location. The students are prepared for
336-665: A promoter of the wealth and antiquity of Afghanistan's Pashto culture." From the 16th century, Pashto poetry become very popular among the Pashtuns. Some of those who wrote in Pashto are Bayazid Pir Roshan (a major inventor of the Pashto alphabet ), Khushal Khan Khattak , Rahman Baba , Nazo Tokhi , and Ahmad Shah Durrani , founder of the modern state of Afghanistan or the Durrani Empire . The Pashtun literary tradition grew in
392-455: A quota basis. The seats distribution is as below: Bajour 02 Mohmand 02 Orakzai 06 Khyber 06 Kurram 06 South Waziristan 02 Seats for (FRs Kohat, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Tank, D. I. Khan) 06 North Waziristan 50 KPK (Open Merit) 20 Whole Pakistan (Less KP & Balochistan) 05 Baluchistan 05 Self-Finance (Open Merit) 10 Wards of Razmians 05 FC Wards 10 Wards of College Employees 05 Total Strength 140 The last night of each term in
448-522: A variety very similar to it, while others have attempted to place it closer to Bactrian . However, neither position is universally agreed upon. What scholars do agree on is the fact that Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language sharing characteristics with Eastern Middle Iranian languages such as Bactrian, Khwarezmian and Sogdian . Compare with other Eastern Iranian Languages and Old Avestan : Zə tā winə́m /ɐz dɐ wənən/ Az bū tū dzunim Strabo , who lived between 64 BC and 24 CE, explains that
504-421: Is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns. A national language of Afghanistan , Pashto is primarily spoken in the east, south, and southwest, but also in some northern and western parts of the country. The exact number of speakers is unavailable, but different estimates show that Pashto is the mother tongue of 45–60% of the total population of Afghanistan . In Pakistan , Pashto
560-475: Is a low-lying area with a warm and dry climate. Garyum is a hilly and cold area. Razmak Tehsil is the coldest and wettest of the three Tehsils because of its higher elevation. It is pleasant in summers, but snow clad in the winters. Razmak town is the main settlement of the Razmak subdivision . The height above sea level of Razmak town is 2010 m. Razmak is known as "Mini London" due to its beauty. The Ramzak valley
616-585: Is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family , natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan . It has official status in Afghanistan and the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani ( افغانی , Afghāni ). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns , it is one of
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#1732787173364672-452: Is divided into six houses The college covers an area of about 154 acres (0.62 km ). The buildings comprise a mosque, a double-stored academic block, auditorium, eight hostels called "houses", one combined cadets' mess, an administration block, and a science block. Sports facilities includes four squash courts and football, hockey, cricket, basketball, volleyball grounds and six tennis courts. The college has residential accommodation for
728-463: Is made to provide a balanced and nutritious diet with several fruits. Meals include breakfast, milk during breakfast, refreshment during break, lunch, evening tea and dinner. Thousands of aspiring students apply for admission to Cadet College Razmak each year. A selection procedure is adopted for enrolling a batch of 140 students or cadets in Class 8th. Admission to the college is, for the most part, on
784-633: Is one of the major tourist destinations in the region. The famous Pashtun tribal leader Mirzali Khan (Faqir of Ipi) was based in Gurwek , but also hid for a long time in Razmak. Gurwek is a remote village in Waziristan on the border with Afghanistan . A British Indian Army camp was established at Razmak in January 1923, to accommodate the main British garrison of Waziristan at a strategic location on
840-550: Is spoken by 15% of its population, mainly in the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern districts of Balochistan province. It is also spoken in parts of Mianwali and Attock districts of the Punjab province , areas of Gilgit-Baltistan and in Islamabad . Pashto speakers are found in other major cities of Pakistan, most notably Karachi , Sindh, which may have the largest Pashtun population of any city in
896-508: Is taught poorly in schools in Pakistan. Moreover, in government schools material is not provided for in the Pashto dialect of that locality, Pashto being a dialectically rich language. Further, researchers have observed that Pashtun students are unable to fully comprehend educational material in Urdu. Professor Tariq Rahman states: "The government of Pakistan, faced with irredentist claims from Afghanistan on its territory, also discouraged
952-534: Is the bigger tribe among the Torikhel subtribes. The Khushali are further divided into nine subtribes. As per Nikat , the traditional tribal distribution, every thing in Razmak Tehsil is distributed equally among these tribes. Cadet College Razmak is also located here. Boorakhel are involved in trade and business, many of them drive trucks and buses down in the rest of Pakistan. They have apple orchards on
1008-533: The North West Frontier . This followed the Waziristan campaigns of 1919–1920 and 1921–1924 . The self-contained cantonment was capable of holding 10,000 men, and eventually contained gardens, sports pitches, a cinema, and a bazaar. New roads linking the garrisons and camps in the area were constructed to permit speedier troop movements around the area. The camp would be an important location for
1064-559: The Secondary School Certificate and Intermediate Examination conducted by the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Islamabad . The following subjects are taught: Cadets take part in sports such as field hockey, football, Cricket, basketball, swimming, volleyball, squash and tennis. Fitness activities include judo, karate, gymnastics, jogging and running. Physical training is conducted in
1120-608: The 1930s, a movement began to take hold to promote Pashto as a language of government, administration, and art with the establishment of a Pashto Society Pashto Anjuman in 1931 and the inauguration of the Kabul University in 1932 as well as the formation of the Pashto Academy (Pashto Tolana) in 1937. Muhammad Na'im Khan, the minister of education between 1938 and 1946, inaugurated the formal policy of promoting Pashto as Afghanistan's national language, leading to
1176-825: The 8th century, and they use the writings found in Pata Khazana . Pə́ṭa Xazāná ( پټه خزانه ) is a Pashto manuscript claimed to be written by Mohammad Hotak under the patronage of the Pashtun emperor Hussain Hotak in Kandahar ; containing an anthology of Pashto poets. However, its authenticity is disputed by scholars such as David Neil MacKenzie and Lucia Serena Loi. Nile Green comments in this regard: "In 1944, Habibi claimed to have discovered an eighteenth-century manuscript anthology containing much older biographies and verses of Pashto poets that stretched back as far as
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#17327871733641232-523: The British in terms of pacifying the surrounding region, and in the Waziristan campaign of 1936–1939 . In 1939 it became the base location for the Razmak Brigade . Stories about Haji Mirzali Khan (Faqir of Ipi) are part of the folklore of the area. He was a tribal leader of Waziristan who rebelled against the British Raj , and started a guerilla warfare against the British. His movement
1288-529: The Pashto Movement and eventually allowed its use in peripheral domains only after the Pakhtun elite had been co-opted by the ruling elite...Thus, even though there is still an active desire among some Pakhtun activists to use Pashto in the domains of power, it is more of a symbol of Pakhtun identity than one of nationalism." Robert Nicols states: "In the end, national language policy, especially in
1344-681: The Pathan community in the city of Kolkata , often nicknamed the Kabuliwala ("people of Kabul "). Pashtun diaspora communities in other countries around the world speak Pashto, especially the sizable communities in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia . Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, along with Dari Persian . Since the early 18th century, the monarchs of Afghanistan have been ethnic Pashtuns (except for Habibullāh Kalakāni in 1929). Persian,
1400-680: The Society's annual meeting in 1927. In 1955, Pashtun intellectuals including Abdul Qadir formed the Pashto Academy Peshawar on the model of Pashto Tolana formed in Afghanistan. In 1974, the Department of Pashto was established in the University of Balochistan for the promotion of Pashto. In Pakistan, Pashto is the first language around of 15% of its population (per the 1998 census). However, Urdu and English are
1456-511: The backdrop to weakening Pashtun power following Mughal rule: Khushal Khan Khattak used Pashto poetry to rally for Pashtun unity and Pir Bayazid as an expedient means to spread his message to the Pashtun masses. For instance Khushal Khattak laments in : "The Afghans (Pashtuns) are far superior to the Mughals at the sword, Were but the Afghans, in intellect, a little discreet. If
1512-532: The college is called Golden Night. This night has an always been of great importance in a cadet's life because the next morning, cadets leave for their homes after a three to five-month term in the college. The cadets mostly remain awake through the night and some indulge in activities like throwing water over the sleeping fellows, and other mischief. The weekend night in the college is called Free Night. There are no preps and practically no lights out (sleep) timings to be observed. Cadets get their weekly pocket money in
1568-568: The college schedule. The parents and guardians are kept informed of their son's or ward's overall performance and attitude. Students showing consistently poor performance are withdrawn from the college. CCR has always produced outstanding results in Board Examinations. The boys take full advantage of the conducive academic atmosphere at the college and are among the top position holders in the BISE BANNU examinations. The college
1624-711: The commission and publication of Pashto textbooks. The Pashto Tolana was later incorporated into the Academy of Sciences Afghanistan in line with Soviet model following the Saur Revolution in 1978. Although officially supporting the use of Pashto, the Afghan elite regarded Persian as a "sophisticated language and a symbol of cultured upbringing". King Zahir Shah (reigning 1933–1973) thus followed suit after his father Nadir Khan had decreed in 1933 that officials were to study and utilize both Persian and Pashto. In 1936
1680-410: The different tribes would but support each other, Kings would have to bow down in prostration before them" Pashto is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language with split ergativity . In Pashto, this means that the verb agrees with the subject in transitive and intransitive sentences in non-past, non-completed clauses, but when a completed action is reported in any of the past tenses, the verb agrees with
1736-443: The eighth century. It was an extraordinary claim, implying as it did that the history of Pashto literature reached back further in time than Persian, thus supplanting the hold of Persian over the medieval Afghan past. Although it was later convincingly discredited through formal linguistic analysis, Habibi's publication of the text under the title Pata Khazana ('Hidden Treasure') would (in Afghanistan at least) establish his reputation as
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1792-436: The evening and go to the cafeteria/canteen for refreshments. Occasionally Free Night also becomes Movie Night when a movie (mostly English) is screened in the auditorium. The cadets of each outgoing 12th Class are called Leavers and their final day, after having spent six years in the college, is called Leavers Day. The day is marked by functions and activities in which the cadets of the outgoing 12th class are chief guests. In
1848-451: The field of education in the NWFP, had constructed a type of three tiered language hierarchy. Pashto lagged far behind Urdu and English in prestige or development in almost every domain of political or economic power..." Although Pashto used as a medium of instruction in schools for Pashtun students results in better understanding and comprehension for students when compared to using Urdu, still
1904-417: The government and follow strict tribal discipline. The Mahsud live in the southern part of Razmak near Shuidar Ghar, as well as in the adjoining South Waziristan . Garyum is probably the most underdeveloped of the three tehsils with a few roads and schools. It is inhabited mainly by Madikhel and Shogi subtribes. Means of transportation in the area are travelling on foot or 4x4 vehicles. The religion of
1960-399: The government of Pakistan has only introduced Pashto at the primary levels in state-run schools. Taimur Khan remarks: "the dominant Urdu language squeezes and denies any space for Pashto language in the official and formal capacity. In this contact zone, Pashto language exists but in a subordinate and unofficial capacity". Some linguists have argued that Pashto is descended from Avestan or
2016-554: The hills of Razmak. Their hospitality is very well known in Wazir Tribe. Well Educated people . Mandey Khel (MDK)' Mandey Khell is a part of Tehsil Dossali , Their hospitality is very well known in Wazir Tribe. They are peaceful people who usually cooperate with the government and follow strict tribal discipline. Dattakhel tehsil is occupied by the Dirdooni subtribe. They are peaceful people who usually cooperate with
2072-617: The literary language of the royal court, was more widely used in government institutions, while the Pashtun tribes spoke Pashto as their native tongue . King Amanullah Khan began promoting Pashto during his reign (1926–1929) as a marker of ethnic identity and as a symbol of "official nationalism" leading Afghanistan to independence after the defeat of the British Empire in the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919. In
2128-402: The morning and sports in the evening. Students are taught drill. Islamiat is a compulsory subject. Motivational talks and prayers in the college mosque supplement religious education in the classrooms. The college holds internal examinations to assess the ability of the students and prepare them for the Board Examinations. Progress tests, Send Ups and Pre-Board Examinations are a feature of
2184-547: The name of Islam . He instructed his supporters that if the Government of Afghanistan made any future plan against Pakistan in his name, they should never support it. The population is migratory and owns land also in other parts of the North Waziristan Agency where they migrate when it gets too cold. The main tribes that inhabit Razmak subdivision are Toori Khel , Boora Khel and Dirdooni. The dynamics of
2240-483: The native elements of the lexicon are related to other Eastern Iranian languages . As noted by Josef Elfenbein, "Loanwords have been traced in Pashto as far back as the third century B.C., and include words from Greek and probably Old Persian". For instance, Georg Morgenstierne notes the Pashto word مېچن mečә́n i.e. a hand-mill as being derived from the Ancient Greek word μηχανή ( mēkhanḗ , i.e.
2296-551: The people is Islam. There are many schools in the area but literacy rate in the area is low. Schools are usually owned and managed by the local elders and have been granted to them and are being funded by the government as a bribe. The interest of education in the general population is evident and most of the youth understands the importance of education. Pashto Pashto ( / ˈ p ʌ ʃ t oʊ / PUH -shto , / ˈ p æ ʃ t oʊ / PASH -toe ; پښتو , Pəx̌tó , [pəʂˈto, pʊxˈto, pəʃˈto, pəçˈto] )
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2352-465: The possessed in the genitive construction, and adjectives come before the nouns they modify. Unlike most other Indo-Iranian languages, Pashto uses all three types of adpositions —prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions. *The retroflex rhotic or lateral, tends to be a lateral flap [ 𝼈 ] at the beginning of a syllable or other prosodic unit, and a regular flap [ ɽ ] or approximant [ ɻ ] elsewhere. In Pashto, most of
2408-482: The principal and revolutionized the college. During his tenure, the college saw major infrastructure changes. In 2003, Mr. Khan Muhammad Khalil was appointed principal. In 2008, Prof. Quresh Khan was selected as an acting principal, and then Mr. Javed Iqbal Paracha became principal. In June 2009, hundreds of students and some teachers of the college were kidnapped by Taliban militants on their way to Bannu from Razmak. All were released within three days, however due to
2464-519: The society are governed by oligarchy. The elders of the tribes and families are the unelected leaders. The main elders of the area are Noor Baqi Jan, Zuman Alikhel, Nawaz Shakhimar in Toori khel, Shahzada and Saudal in boorakel, Hakeem Jan in Dirdooni. The Torikhel clan lives in the mountains of Razmak. Used to climbing hills on foot, they are tough and hardy fighters. The Torikhel are further divided into Khushali, Alikhel, and Shogi subtribes. The Khushali
2520-444: The subject if it is intransitive, but with the object if it is transitive. Verbs are inflected for present, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, and past perfect tenses. There is also an inflection for the subjunctive mood . Nouns and adjectives are inflected for two genders (masculine and feminine), two numbers (singular and plural), and four cases (direct, oblique, ablative, and vocative). The possessor precedes
2576-460: The teaching and administrative staff. The college has a 8-bed M. I. Room. A full-time medical officer assisted by three dispensers look after the health of cadets. The college M. I. Room has its own ambulance. Cadets are referred to FTC at Headquarters Shawal Rifles Razmak for medical treatment as well. The messing officer supervises the working of the messes. The caterer looks after the procurement and supply of dry and fresh provisions. Every effort
2632-550: The tribes inhabiting the lands west of the Indus River were part of Ariana . This was around the time when the area inhabited by the Pashtuns was governed by the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom . From the 3rd century CE onward, they are mostly referred to by the name Afghan ( Abgan ). Abdul Hai Habibi believed that the earliest modern Pashto work dates back to Amir Kror Suri of the early Ghurid period in
2688-486: The two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari , and it is the second-largest provincial language of Pakistan , spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan . Likewise, it is the primary language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is at least 40 million, although some estimates place it as high as 60 million. Pashto
2744-411: The two official languages of Pakistan. Pashto has no official status at the federal level. On a provincial level, Pashto is the regional language of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and north Balochistan . Yet, the primary medium of education in government schools in Pakistan is Urdu. The lack of importance given to Pashto and its neglect has caused growing resentment amongst Pashtuns. It is noted that Pashto
2800-535: The uncertain situation the college's academic setup was shifted to Islamia College Peshawar. In May 2011, Roughly two years after being displaced from their home campus, the Razmians shifted back to Razmak. In April 2012, The College was again shifted to Aman Ghar due to prevailing law & order situation in North Waziristan. In December 2012, Army posted a serving Colonel (Razmian) as Principal with
2856-658: The world. Other communities of Pashto speakers are found in India , Tajikistan , and northeastern Iran (primarily in South Khorasan Province to the east of Qaen , near the Afghan border). In India most ethnic Pashtun (Pathan) peoples speak the geographically native Hindi-Urdu language rather than Pashto, but there are small numbers of Pashto speakers, such as the Sheen Khalai in Rajasthan , and
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#17327871733642912-420: Was appointed its first principal. Later that year, another boarding hostel, Bilal House, was established. In 1979, owing to the increasing number of cadets, a third boarding hostel, Jinnah House, was established. Former Major Geoffrey Langlands , an Aitchison College teacher, was appointed the principal. The fourth boarding hostel, Babar House, was established in 1980. The fifth boarding hostel, Abdali house,
2968-500: Was based in Gurwek , a remote village in Waziristan on the border with Afghanistan. It is said that the troops were after him and when they fired at him, their bullets melted midway and fell on ground. This is said to be the origin of the many grey hard pebbles lying on the hills of Razmak where Mirzali Khan was hiding. After the creation of Pakistan in August 1947, Mirzali Khan and his followers refused to recognise Pakistan, and launched
3024-460: Was established in 1981 and another, Khushal house, in 1982. In 1997, due to increasing number of students, the 7th hostel, Iqbal House, was established. However, it was later dispensed with. In 1988, Jan Gul Khattak was appointed as a principal. In 1991, Michael C. Cawthrone took charge as principal. 1997 marked a turn-around for Cadet College Razmak. Brig (R) Bashir Hussain Khattak took over as
3080-485: Was founded by the late prime minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , in the late 1970s during his visit to Miranshah , North Waziristan agency. Initially it was set in Razmak lower camp. The institution feeds the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul . The college became operational in 1978 on the land of Nawab Gulmaizar Khan, with a single boarding hostel, Ghazali House. Asghar Ali Choudhry
3136-579: Was officially renamed to Dari . The lyrics of the national anthem of Afghanistan are in Pashto. In British India , prior to the creation of Pakistan by the British government, the 1920s saw the blossoming of Pashto language in the then NWFP : Abdul Ghafar Khan in 1921 established the Anjuman-e- Islah al-Afaghina (Society for the Reformation of Afghans) to promote Pashto as an extension of Pashtun culture; around 80,000 people attended
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