A government agency or state agency , sometimes an appointed commission , is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government ( bureaucracy ) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administration . There is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or ministry , and other types of public body established by government . The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations ( such as commissions ) are most often constituted in an advisory role — this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it is not allowed.
45-748: Commercial Passenger Vehicles Victoria ( CPVV ), until 2 June 2018 called the Taxi Services Commission ( TSC ), is the Government agency responsible for the regulation of the taxi and hire car industries in the State of Victoria, Australia . Before becoming a regulator, the TSC was responsible for conducting a major independent inquiry, the Taxi Industry Inquiry , into taxi and other small commercial passenger vehicle services in
90-552: A bicameral legislature. The term "government agency" or "administrative agency" usually applies to one of the independent agencies of the United States government , which exercise some degree of independence from the President's control. Although the heads of independent agencies are often appointed by the government, they can usually be removed only for cause. The heads of independent agencies work together in groups, such as
135-529: A commission, board or council. Independent agencies often function as miniature versions of the tripartite federal government with the authority to legislate (through the issuing or promulgation of regulations), to adjudicate disputes, and to enforce agency regulations. Examples of independent agencies include the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Reserve Board , U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),
180-719: A government agency include the British Navy Board , responsible for ships and supplies, which was established in 1546 by King Henry VIII and the British Commissioners of Bankruptcy established in 1570. From 1933, the New Deal saw growth in U.S. federal agencies, the " alphabet agencies " as they were used to deliver new programs created by legislation, such as the Federal Emergency Relief Administration . From
225-483: A number of offences including in relation to dishonesty. The Part also contains a number of schemes relating to public transport enforcement. For example, it requires the authorisation of persons who conduct ticketing and conduct enforcement activities on Victoria's train, tram and bus networks. In addition, the Part sets out an enforcement accreditation scheme for passenger transport companies which must be accredited by
270-620: A provision about financial guarantees. Part 5 contains a number of substantive provisions relating to the Chief Investigator, Transport Safety . Included in the Part are special investigation powers for the Chief Investigator, provisions relating to the compilation and issue of reports and a range of miscellaneous provisions concerning gathering and use of information. Part 6 of the Act containing provisions relating to
315-487: A range of miscellaneous and transitional provisions including those relating to the abolition of former transport agencies, service of documents, rail noise, provisions relating to tourist railways, transfer of staff and other sundry matters. A range of detailed transitional provisions were recently added to this Part as a result of the establishment of the Taxi Services Commission and the positioning of
360-569: A result, the application of the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act is subject to the overarching transport system vision, transport system objectives and decision making principles in the Transport Integration Act . The content of the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act consists of the following - This Part contains some formal provisions covering title, commencement and definitions. It also confirms that
405-582: A secondary role. In effect, the major reform activity of the then Victorian Government's Transport Legislation Review led to substantial changes in the directions and style of Victoria's transport policy and legislation. The Transport Integration Act developed by the Review effectively removed the organisational establishment parts from the Transport Act as Victoria's transport agencies were re-established and reformed with cleaner and newer charters under
450-465: Is a prime statute regulating transport activities in the State of Victoria , Australia . Key areas regulated by the statute currently include taxi and hire car services and compliance and enforcement, particularly in areas like safety and public transport ticketing and conduct. The Act was once the leading transport statute in Victoria but this is no longer the case as that position has been taken by
495-544: The Department of Transport before being able to employ or engage authorised officers. The part also contains a number of specific transport offences relating to dangerous conduct or conduct affecting amenity on public transport. The final divisions in Part 7 make provision to support public transport safety schemes administered by the Director, Transport Safety for the rail and bus sectors. The provisions provide for
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#1732797766071540-549: The Department of the Treasury . Most federal agencies are created by Congress through statutes called " enabling acts ", which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the Constitution does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the "headless fourth branch" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of
585-750: The NITI Aayog , which is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister. Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. The USSR had the secretive KGB . Today, Russian government agencies such as the FSB , FSO , and the GRU use Spetsnaz or other masked operators for any missions. Other organizations include Kremlin and presidential security. The Government agencies in Sweden are State controlled organizations who act independently to carry out
630-699: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). A broader definition of the term "government agency" also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President's cabinet-level departments and their sub-units. Examples of these include the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a bureau of
675-616: The Parliament of the United Kingdom , Scottish Parliament or the Welsh Parliament . The Congress and President of the United States delegate specific authority to government agencies to regulate the complex facets of the modern American federal state . Also, most of the 50 U.S. states have created similar government agencies. Each state government is similar to the national government, with all but one having
720-607: The Transport Integration Act . Nonetheless, the Transport (Compliance and Integration) Act remains a key transport statute in Victoria particularly in a support capacity to the Transport Integration Act and to safety scheme and other statutes. The Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act was initially enacted as the Transport Act 1983 which until June 2010 was the principal land transport statute in Victoria. The Transport Act initially established
765-428: The Transport Integration Act 2010 to create the TSC, alongside Victoria's other transport agencies, as a body corporate. The TSC consists of a Chairperson and up to two Commissioners. Professor Allan Fels was appointed as initial Chairperson to conduct the Taxi Industry Inquiry . Provision was made for staff to be engaged by the TSC. The Commissioners in the TSC's initial inquiry phase were not transitioned to manage
810-540: The 1980s, as part of New Public Management , several countries including Australia and the United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services. Administrative law in France refers to autorité administrative indépendante (AAI) or Independent Administrative Authorities. They tend to be prominent in the following areas of public policy; Independent Administrative Authorities in France may not be instructed or ordered to take specific actions by
855-558: The Act contains a range of inquiry-related provisions which support the activities of the Taxi Services Commission as part of the Victorian Government's current Taxi Industry Inquiry . Part 7 contains a range of provisions which predominantly concern the enforcement of transport offences. Provision is made for the issue of transport infringements for transport offences but also provides for various powers including name and address and arrest powers. The Part also sets out
900-500: The Act is transport legislation for the purposes of the Transport Integration Act . The Act no longer contains provisions which establish transport agencies. Part 2 of the Act, on the other hand, contains a number of provisions which empower or relate to agencies established under the Transport Integration Act . For example, the Part contains powers able to be exercised by the Director of Public Transport such as powers relating to use and modification of infrastructure. In addition,
945-573: The Integration Act. In addition, the Transport Act was progressively stripped of many of its substantive transport regulation schemes over many years from the mid-1990s to around 2010 due to the development and enactment of a range of stand alone transport regulation statutes, many of them under the auspices of the Transport Legislation Review. These two factors combined and the fact that the Transport Act had, unlike
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#1732797766071990-542: The Part contains a number of important financial provisions such as the establishment and operation of the Public Transport Fund. Part 3 of the Act contains few provisions. Those that remain though are important and concern land acquisition and development for the City Loop, regulation making powers and related provisions. Most of Part 4 has been repealed by other statutes. It does, however, contain
1035-548: The State's ongoing taxi regulator in place of the Victorian Taxi Directorate on 1 July 2013. It was chaired by former Australian Competition & Consumer Commission Chairman and Australian businessman Graeme Samuel . The TSC was established due to continuing concerns about the ongoing poor performance of Victoria's taxi industry. Its first task was to conduct the Taxi Industry Inquiry . An Inquiry into
1080-763: The State. The TSC was created as a statutory corporation by the Transport Legislation Amendment (Taxi Services Reform and Other Matters) Act 2011 , which amended the State's prime transport statute, the Transport Integration Act 2010 , and the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 . It was renamed CPVV on 2 June 2018, to reflect its broader role regulating mobility as a service companies and other commercial passenger services. The TSC commenced operation in its initial inquiry phase on 19 July 2011, and became
1125-438: The TSC to, among other things, administer licensing and accreditation schemes and conduct compliance and enforcement and other activities which apply to the taxi and broader small commercial passenger vehicle industries. The TSC commenced as the taxi industry regulator on 1 July 2013. The TSC was established following passage of the Transport Legislation Amendment (Taxi Services Reform and Other Matters) Act 2011 , which amended
1170-600: The TSC was required to consider the desirability of: It was not sufficient for the Commission to be established for it to conduct an inquiry. It needed to have matters formally referred to it by the Minister for Public Transport before it could commence that work. Accordingly, the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 made provision for the Minister to issue a notice specifying the matters to be investigated,
1215-414: The TSC when it assumed its role as industry regulator. The Transport Integration Act provides the TSC with a governance framework - the objects, functions and powers - which comprise the charter of the agency. The Transport Integration Act provided that the objects of the TSC in its initial inquiry phase were to: The initial functions of the TSC included: In performing its initial inquiry function,
1260-453: The Taxi Services Commission was to be established as a statutory authority. The Premier indicated that the previous taxi industry regulator, the Victorian Taxi Directorate (VTD), was to operate as normal until the Taxi Services Commission was established as the industry regulator. Staff and resources from the VTD moved to the new body when it became the ongoing industry regulator. The Commission
1305-472: The Transport Integration Act, never applied to ports and marine activities and effectively stripped the Transport Act of its pre-eminence. Today, the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act largely operates as a support statute in the hierarchy of Victorian transport statutes. It forms part of the transport policy and legislation framework in Victoria headed by the Transport Integration Act . As
1350-564: The appointment and powers of transport safety officers including by establishing inspection and search and seizure powers. Also included in this area of the Part are a range of provisions conferring power to issue sanctions on the Director, Transport Safety and the courts in respect of breaches of transport safety laws. Sanctions include improvement notices, prohibition notices, enforceable undertakings commercial benefits penalties and exclusion orders. Consistent with its title, Part 8 sets out
1395-684: The executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government. By enacting the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform administrative law procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for judicial review of agency action. Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 The Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 (the Act)
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1440-531: The first stage, the Fels Inquiry was to be tasked with undertaking a comprehensive inquiry into the service, safety and competition issues in the Victorian taxi industry. In the second stage, following Professor Fels’ investigation, the Taxi Services Commission was to take over the role of industry regulator with the powers and tools necessary to drive reform in the taxi industry. The Premier announced that
1485-630: The government. The General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Γενική Γραμματεία Μακεδονίας-Θράκης), previously Ministry for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας-Θράκης) is a government agency of the Hellenic Republic that is responsible for the Greek regions of Macedonia and Thrace . The term agency in India has several meanings; for example, the Cabinet and
1530-502: The key support statute to the Transport Integration Act, the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983. Provisions include those enabling the Commission to require information and documents and those concerning the issue and tabling of reports. The TSC was independent of Ministers and Government generally in its initial inquiry phase. No provision was included for the Commission to be directed during this period thereby enabling it to operate without interference. This changed during
1575-415: The main land transport organisations in Victoria following major institutional reform in the Victorian transport portfolio in the early 1980s. The Transport Act also contained the key land transport regulatory schemes. However, the development and enactment of the Transport Integration Act 2010 eventually led to that statute becoming the principal transport statute in Victoria, relegating the Transport Act to
1620-407: The mandatory accreditation of taxi industry participants including licence holders, operators and networks. This Part also provides for the accreditation of drivers of taxis, hire cars and buses and, at odds with the rest of the Part, provisions relating to requirements for the preparation of transport plans where special public or private events affect the operation of transport services. Finally,
1665-415: The nature of the Commission's reporting on its investigations and other relevant matters. The TSC was generally able to conduct its inquiry in the manner it considered appropriate. A number of requirements and signals were included in the legislation, however, which required initial discussions and ongoing consultations. The Commission's procedures were informal - it was not bound by the rules of evidence and
1710-513: The outcome in individual cases as well. In addition to the State and its agencies, there are also local government agencies, which are extensions of municipalities and county councils . Agencies in the United Kingdom are either executive agencies answerable to government ministers or non-departmental public bodies answerable directly to parliament or the devolved assemblies of the United Kingdom. They are also commonly known as Quangos . Agencies can be created by enabling legislation by
1755-771: The parliament Secretariat describes itself as a " nodal agency for coordination amongst the ministries of the Govt. of India". Most notably as an international feature, what appear to be independent agencies ( or apex agencies ) include some that have active roles for Ministers: such as, the National Security Council , the Medical Council of India , the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research , and
1800-475: The policies of the Government of Sweden . The Ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions but not by direct orders. This means that while the agencies are subject to decisions made by the Government, Ministers are explicitly prohibited (so-called ban on ministerstyre ) from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or
1845-473: The second phase when the Commission became subject to the standard powers of direction available to Ministers. Government agency A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence, and accountability of government agencies also vary widely. Early examples of organizations that would now be termed
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1890-456: The taxi industry and other small commercial passenger vehicles including hire cars and special purpose vehicles. The Part represents an anomaly in the structure of Victorian transport legislation as other major transport industries in the State are regulated by special purpose statutes. The provisions in the Part are extensive. They require the licensing of taxis and other small commercial passenger vehicles. Requirements are included concerning
1935-481: The taxi industry was announced on 28 March 2011 by Premier of Victoria , Ted Baillieu who announced that it would be headed by Professor Allan Fels , the former head of the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission . According to Bailleu, the key problems with the Victorian taxi industry were: The Premier indicated that reforming the Victorian taxi industry would occur in two stages. In
1980-412: Was able to inform itself as it considered appropriate. In addition, the Commission was empowered to conduct hearings in public or in private and could determine whether a person could appear at a hearing and be represented by another person. The Transport Integration Act provides the TSC with a range of general corporate powers. More specific powers including those of a coercive nature are contained in
2025-481: Was initially responsible for conducting an inquiry into the taxi industry and wider commercial passenger vehicle industry. The Commission was required to report on those matters including by making recommendations about how the commercial passenger vehicle industry should be structured and regulated. In its second phase, the commission was positioned as the Victorian Government's regulator of taxi services and other small commercial passenger vehicles. This role requires
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