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70-428: Tanegashima is the easternmost and the second largest (after Yakushima) of the Ōsumi Islands. It is located approximately 43 kilometres (23 nmi) south of the southern tip of Ōsumi Peninsula in southern Kyushu, or 115 kilometres (62 nmi) south of Kagoshima . The Vincennes Strait (Yakushima Kaikyō) separates it from Yakushima . The island is of volcanic origin; however, unlike neighboring Yakushima, it presents

140-494: A population density of 1100 persons per km . The total area of the city is 547.61 km (211.43 sq mi). While the kanji used to spell Kagoshima ( 鹿 児 島 ) literally mean "deer child island", or "island of the fawn", the source etymology is not clear, and may refer to "cliff" or "sailor" in the local dialect . Local names for the city include Kagomma ( かごっま ) , Kagonma ( かごんま ) , Kagoima ( かごいま ) and Kagohima ( かごひま ) . Kagoshima

210-501: A base . Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC. In a domestic setting, "soap" usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. Toilet soaps are salts of fatty acids with the general formula ( RCO 2 )M , where M is Na (sodium) or K (potassium). When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be separated from

280-556: A density of 139.88 persons per km . The total area was 32.20 km . Kagoshima has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 45 members. Kagoshma contributes 17 members to the Kagoshima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Kagoshima 1st district and Kagoshima 2nd district of the lower house of

350-437: A humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ), possessing the highest year average temperature and winter average temperature in mainland Japan. It is marked by mild, relatively dry winters; warm, humid springs; hot, humid summers; and mild, relatively dry autumns. As of 1 January 2020, Kagoshima City has an estimated population of 595,049 and a population density of 1,087 persons per km . The total area

420-485: A rheology modifier. Metal soaps can be prepared by neutralizing fatty acids with metal oxides: A cation from an organic base such as ammonium can be used instead of a metal; ammonium nonanoate is an ammonium-based soap that is used as an herbicide. Another class of non-toilet soaps are resin soaps , which are produced in the paper industry by the action of tree rosin with alkaline reagents used to separate cellulose from raw wood. A major component of such soaps

490-487: A soda ash substance called trona . Egyptian documents mention a similar substance was used in the preparation of wool for weaving. In the reign of Nabonidus (556–539 BC), a recipe for a soap-like substance consisted of uhulu [ashes], cypress [oil] and sesame [seed oil] "for washing the stones for the servant girls". True soaps, which we might recognise as soaps today, were different to proto-soaps. They foamed, were made deliberately, and could be produced in

560-516: A flat appearance, with its highest elevation at only 282 metres (925 ft) above sea level. The island has a length of 57 kilometres (31 nmi) and a width ranging from 5 kilometres (2.7 nmi) to 10 kilometres (5.4 nmi). The climate is subtropical. The island, along with neighbouring Yakushima, has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support populations of Japanese wood pigeons , Ryukyu green pigeons and Ryukyu robins . Tanegashima has

630-495: A hard or soft form because of an understanding of lye sources. It is uncertain as to who was the first to invent true soap. Knowledge of how to produce true soap emerged at some point between early mentions of proto-soaps and the first century AD. Alkali was used to clean textiles such as wool for thousands of years but soap only forms when there is enough fat, and experiments show that washing wool does not create visible quantities of soap. Experiments by Sally Pointer show that

700-570: A long history of Kofun . Other burials on Tanegashima, namely the Yokomine and Hirota sites , attest to a uniquely well-developed Yayoi period culture at the end of the 4th century AD. The artifacts include magatama , an engraved pendant, and emblems with apparent writing. During the Nara period , the embryo state of Japan began to make contact with Tanegashima. According to the Nihonshoki ,

770-663: A major cottage industry, with sources in Nablus , Fes , Damascus , and Aleppo . Soapmakers in Naples were members of a guild in the late sixth century (then under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire ), and in the eighth century, soap-making was well known in Italy and Spain. The Carolingian capitulary De Villis , dating to around 800, representing the royal will of Charlemagne , mentions soap as being one of

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840-481: A minimum quantity of one imperial ton at each boiling, which placed the process beyond the reach of the average person. The soap trade was boosted and deregulated when the tax was repealed in 1853. Industrially manufactured bar soaps became available in the late 18th century, as advertising campaigns in Europe and America promoted popular awareness of the relationship between cleanliness and health. In modern times,

910-591: A pleasant smell was produced in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age , when soap-making became an established industry. Recipes for soap-making are described by Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (c. 865–925), who also gave a recipe for producing glycerine from olive oil . In the Middle East, soap was produced from the interaction of fatty oils and fats with alkali . In Syria , soap

980-552: A railway terminus. A single B-29 was lost to unknown circumstances. Area bombing was chosen over precision bombing because of the cloudy weather over Japan during the middle of June. The planes were forced to navigate and bomb entirely by radar. Japanese intelligence predicted that the Allied Forces would assault Kagoshima and the Ariake Bay areas of southern Kyushu to gain naval and air bases to strike Tokyo. The city

1050-458: A small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever . These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns. Liquid soap was invented in the nineteenth century; in 1865, William Sheppard patented a liquid version of soap. In 1898, B.J. Johnson developed

1120-402: A soap derived from palm and olive oils; his company, the B.J. Johnson Soap Company , introduced " Palmolive " brand soap that same year. This new brand of soap became popular rapidly, and to such a degree that B.J. Johnson Soap Company changed its name to Palmolive . In the early 1900s, other companies began to develop their own liquid soaps. Such products as Pine-Sol and Tide appeared on

1190-499: A soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. In 1790, Nicolas Leblanc discovered how to make alkali from common salt . Andrew Pears started making a high-quality, transparent soap, Pears soap , in 1807 in London. His son-in-law, Thomas J. Barratt , became the brand manager (the first of its kind) for Pears in 1865. In 1882, Barratt recruited English actress and socialite Lillie Langtry to become

1260-399: A soap-like substance was written on a Sumerian clay tablet around 2500 BC. This was produced by heating a mixture of oil and wood ash , the earliest recorded chemical reaction, and used for washing woolen clothing. The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicates the ancient Egyptians used a soap-like product as a medicine and created this by combining animal fats or vegetable oils with

1330-487: A surfactant, when lathered with a little water, soap kills microorganisms by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and denaturing their proteins . It also emulsifies oils, enabling them to be carried away by running water. When used in hard water , soap does not lather well but forms soap scum (related to metallic soaps , see below). So-called metallic soaps are key components of most lubricating greases and thickeners. A commercially important example

1400-496: Is lithium stearate . Greases are usually emulsions of calcium soap or lithium soap and mineral oil . Many other metallic soaps are also useful, including those of aluminium , sodium , and mixtures thereof. Such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. In ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of lime to olive oil , which would produce calcium soaps. Metal soaps are also included in modern artists' oil paints formulations as

1470-714: Is twinned with: Kagoshima was one of the host cities of the official 1998 Women's Volleyball World Championship . Kagoshima is home to Kagoshima United . They play their home games at Kagoshima Kamoike Stadium . Soap Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing , bathing , and other types of housekeeping . In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners , components of some lubricants , emulsifiers , and catalysts . Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with

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1540-737: Is 547.58 km (211 sq mi). According to the April 2014 issue of the Kagoshima Prefectural Summary Archived 2015-01-23 at the Wayback Machine by the Kagoshima Prefecture Department of Planning and Promotion, the population of the prefecture at large was 1,680,319. The city's total area nearly doubled between 2003 and 2005 as a result of five towns: the towns of Kōriyama and Matsumoto (both from Hioki District )

1610-589: Is Japan's largest space development center. It is run by JAXA , the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and is located at the southeastern end of Tanegashima. It was established in 1969 when the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was formed. Activities include assembly, testing, launching and tracking satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests. Activity includes orbital launches of

1680-464: Is a curved blade with a handle, all of which is made of metal. The 2nd-century AD physician Galen describes soap-making using lye and prescribes washing to carry away impurities from the body and clothes. The use of soap for personal cleanliness became increasingly common in this period. According to Galen, the best soaps were Germanic, and soaps from Gaul were second best. Zosimos of Panopolis , circa 300 AD, describes soap and soapmaking. In

1750-460: Is also famous as the center of iron sand production. The technique has been around since about 1185 when the Taira clan were exiled here from Kyoto by Minamoto no Yoritomo , taking with them craftsmen and chefs from Kyoto. The people of the island speak with a Kyoto accent even now, rather than a Kyūshū or Kagoshima accent, despite its proximity to Kyūshū. These craftsmen were the original users of

1820-487: Is high throughout the year, but is highest in the months of May, June and September. The Tanegashima "Rocket Marathon" takes place in March each year. Kagoshima, Kagoshima Kagoshima City ( 鹿児島市 , Kagoshima-shi , IPA: [kaɡoɕimaɕi] ) , is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture , Japan . As of 31 July 2024 , the city had an estimated population of 583,966 in 285,992 households, and

1890-566: Is located in ancient Satsuma Province and was the center of the territory of the Shimazu clan from the late Kamakura period . Kagoshima City developed political and commercial port city in the Edo period (1603–1868) when it became the seat of the Shimazu's Satsuma Domain , which was one of the most powerful and wealthiest domains in the country throughout the period, and though international trade

1960-448: Is more skin-friendly than one without extra fat, although it can leave a "greasy" feel. Sometimes, an emollient is added, such as jojoba oil or shea butter . Sand or pumice may be added to produce a scouring soap. The scouring agents serve to remove dead cells from the skin surface being cleaned. This process is called exfoliation . To make antibacterial soap, compounds such as triclosan or triclocarban can be added. There

2030-590: Is one combined national elementary/middle school. There are also 14 private high schools. The prefecture also operates seven special education schools for the handicapped. Kagoshima Airport in Kirishima (35 km (22 miles) NE of Kagoshima) [REDACTED] JR Kyushu - Kyushu Shinkansen [REDACTED] JR Kyushu - Kagoshima Main Line [REDACTED] JR Kyushu - Nippō Main Line [REDACTED] JR Kyushu - Ibusuki Makurazaki Line Kagoshima

2100-498: Is reputed for its particular mildness. The term "Castile" is also sometimes applied to soaps from a mixture of oils with a high percentage of olive oil. Proto-soaps, which mixed fat and alkali and were used for cleansing, are mentioned in Sumerian , Babylonian and Egyptian texts. The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon. A formula for making

2170-402: Is some concern that use of antibacterial soaps and other products might encourage antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms. The type of alkali metal used determines the kind of soap product. Sodium soaps, prepared from sodium hydroxide , are firm, whereas potassium soaps, derived from potassium hydroxide , are softer or often liquid. Historically, potassium hydroxide was extracted from

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2240-511: Is sometimes left in the soap product as a softening agent, although it is sometimes separated. Handmade soap can differ from industrially made soap in that an excess of fat or coconut oil beyond that needed to consume the alkali is used (in a cold-pour process, this excess fat is called "superfatting"), and the glycerol left in acts as a moisturizing agent. However, the glycerine also makes the soap softer. The addition of glycerol and processing of this soap produces glycerin soap . Superfatted soap

2310-411: Is the sodium salt of abietic acid . Resin soaps are used as emulsifiers. The production of toilet soaps usually entails saponification of triglycerides , which are vegetable or animal oils and fats. An alkaline solution (often lye or sodium hydroxide ) induces saponification whereby the triglyceride fats first hydrolyze into salts of fatty acids. Glycerol (glycerin) is liberated. The glycerin

2380-544: The Diet of Japan . Kagoshima is a regional commercial center, with an economy centered on light manufacturing, tourism and commercial fishing. Kagoshima has 79 public elementary schools, 38 public junior high schools, two public high schools and one combined junior/senior high school operated by the city government and 11 public high schools operated by the Kagoshima Prefectural Board of Education. There

2450-704: The H-IIA rockets from the Yoshinobu Launch Complex . The Space Science and Technology Museum is near the TSC. It offers an intricate view of rocket history and technology in Japan. Though most of the displays are in Japanese, there are English tour pamphlets available. Tanegashima has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) with hot, humid summers and mild winters. Precipitation

2520-634: The Hosokawa clan , one of two powers who controlled Chinese trade. The clan also maintained a firm connection with the Honnō-ji Temple of Kyoto . These account for the rapid spread of firearms from Tanegashima to central Japan. Edge tools (particularly knives and scissors) made in Tanegashima are famous traditional handicrafts in Japan. Craftsmen in Tanegashima have kept alive traditional techniques for forging and sharpening iron tools. Tanegashima

2590-676: The Hōjō clan , the de facto ruler of the shogunate. The Hōjō clan sent the Higo clan as deputy governors. A branch line of the Higo clan made itself autonomous on Tanegashima after the Hōjō clan was annihilated and began to claim the clan name of Tanegashima . The Tanegashima clan ruled the island until the Meiji restoration . The Tanegashima clan enjoyed a high degree of autonomy until Shimazu unified southern Kyūshū in

2660-524: The Portuguese on board the first Portuguese ship. In his memoirs published in 1614, Portuguese adventurer turned author, Fernão Mendes Pinto placed himself in the first landing party, although this claim has since been roundly discredited and in fact contradicts his claims to have been in Burma at the time. The two Portuguese traders, António Mota and Francisco Zeimoto, should actually be credited as

2730-611: The imposition of bans against that religion in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The domain was also a center of anti- Tokugawa shogunate sentiment. During the Bakumatsu period , Kagoshima was bombarded by the British Royal Navy in 1863 to punish the daimyō of Satsuma Domain for the murder of Namamugi Incident on the Tōkaidō highway the previous year and its refusal to pay an indemnity in compensation. Many of

2800-587: The " Naples of the Eastern world " for its bay location ( Aira Caldera ), hot climate, and emblematic stratovolcano , Sakurajima . It is situated about 280 kilometers south of Fukuoka City and about 180 kilometers south of Kumamoto City. The city covers the northeastern part of the Satsuma Peninsula and the entire area of Sakurajima. Most of the plains are occupied by commercial, residential, and industrial areas, with almost no cultivated areas. Many of

2870-660: The Grand Fleet to two startling victories in 1904 and 1905, completely destroying Russia as a naval power in the East, and thereby contributing to the failed revolution in Russia in 1905. The Japanese diplomat Sadomitsu Sakoguchi revolutionized Kagoshima's environmental economic plan with his dissertation on water pollution and orange harvesting. In 1912, the first tram line was established in Kagoshima. The 1914 eruption of

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2940-622: The Mediterranean olive-growing regions. Hard toilet soap was introduced to Europe by Arabs and gradually spread as a luxury item. It was often perfumed. By the 15th century, the manufacture of soap in Christendom often took place on an industrial scale, with sources in Antwerp , Castile , Marseille , Naples and Venice . In France, by the second half of the 16th century, the semi-industrialized professional manufacture of soap

3010-541: The Southern Levant , the ashes from barilla plants , such as species of Salsola , saltwort ( Seidlitzia rosmarinus ) and Anabasis , were used to make potash . Traditionally, olive oil was used instead of animal lard throughout the Levant, which was boiled in a copper cauldron for several days. As the boiling progresses, alkali ashes and smaller quantities of quicklime are added and constantly stirred. In

3080-495: The Tudor period that barrels of ashes were imported for the manufacture of soap. Finer soaps were later produced in Europe from the 17th century, using vegetable oils (such as olive oil ) as opposed to animal fats. Many of these soaps are still produced, both industrially and by small-scale artisans. Castile soap is a popular example of the vegetable-only soaps derived from the oldest "white soap" of Italy. In 1634 Charles I granted

3150-407: The article being cleaned. The insoluble oil/fat "dirt" become associated inside micelles , tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water, making them soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water. In hand washing , as

3220-633: The ashes of bracken or other plants. Lithium soaps also tend to be hard. These are used exclusively in greases . For making toilet soaps, triglycerides (oils and fats) are derived from coconut, olive, or palm oils, as well as tallow . Triglyceride is the chemical name for the triesters of fatty acids and glycerin . Tallow, i.e., rendered fat, is the most available triglyceride from animals. Each species offers quite different fatty acid content, resulting in soaps of distinct feel. The seed oils give softer but milder soaps. Soap made from pure olive oil , sometimes called Castile soap or Marseille soap ,

3290-406: The case of lard, it required constant stirring while kept lukewarm until it began to trace. Once it began to thicken, the brew was poured into a mold and left to cool and harden for two weeks. After hardening, it was cut into smaller cakes. Aromatic herbs were often added to the rendered soap to impart their fragrance, such as yarrow leaves, lavender , germander , etc. A detergent similar to soap

3360-489: The distinct techniques used for forging and sharpening. The technique is unique in the world, and produces such tools as "Tanegashima Hōchō" (Tanegashima knives), used by chefs, and "Tane-basami" (Tanegashima scissors), preferred by many for the art of Bonsai . Nevertheless the local population has fallen from over fifty thousand in 1970 to just twenty-eight thousand today, in spite of tourism and space industries, putting traditional crafts at risk. The Tanegashima Space Center

3430-514: The first Europeans to introduce firearms. However, Mendes Pinto does appear to have visited Tanegashima soon thereafter. The Europeans had arrived to trade , not only guns, but also soap , tobacco and other goods unknown in medieval Japan , for Japanese goods. During the Muromachi period , Tanegashima functioned as a relay station for one of the main routes of Chinese trade that connected Sakai to Ningbo . The Tanegashima clan cooperated with

3500-499: The imperial court hosted a banquet for the islanders of Tanegashima in 677. In 679, the court sent a mission to the island who returned in 681. Other missions to the island mentioned in the book were in 683 and 695. According to the Shoku Nihongi , people from Tane, Yaku, Amami and Dokan (possibly Tokunoshima ) came to the imperial court to pay tribute in 699. These activities resulted in the establishment of Tane Province on

3570-556: The island in 702. Tane Province lasted until 824 and was merged into Ōsumi Province . Sometime around 1140, the whole island of Tanegashima became part of the Shimazu Estate , the largest medieval shōen of Japan. In the early Kamakura period , the positions of the land steward of the Shimazu Estate and the military governor of Ōsumi Province were given to the Shimazu clan . However, the clan lost these positions to

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3640-490: The late 16th century, and after that, served as a top-ranking retainer to the Satsuma domain . Following the Meiji restoration , the island has been administered as part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Tanegashima is traditionally known as the site of the introduction of European firearms to Japan in 1543. Until modern times, firearms were colloquially known in Japan as " Tanegashima ", due to the belief that they were introduced by

3710-550: The leaders of the Meiji restoration and the Boshin War were from Satsuma. Japan's Industrial Revolution is said to have started here, stimulated by the young students' train station. Nineteen young men of Satsuma broke the shogunate's ban on foreign travel , traveling to various industrial locations in the United Kingdom before returning to share the benefits of the best of Western science and technology. A statue

3780-457: The milder soaps used by the Gauls around 58 BC. Aretaeus of Cappadocia , writing in the 2nd century AD, observes among "Celts, which are men called Gauls, those alkaline substances that are made into balls [...] called soap ". The Romans' preferred method of cleaning the body was to massage oil into the skin and then scrape away both the oil and any dirt with a strigil . The standard design

3850-587: The newly formed Society of Soapmakers a monopoly in soap production who produced certificates from 'foure Countesses, and five Viscountesses, and divers other Ladies and Gentlewomen of great credite and quality, besides common Laundresses and others', testifying that 'the New White Soap washeth whiter and sweeter than the Old Soap'. During the Restoration era (February 1665 – August 1714) a soap tax

3920-504: The poster-girl for Pears soap, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. Robert Spear Hudson began manufacturing a soap powder in 1837, initially by grinding the soap with a mortar and pestle . American manufacturer Benjamin T. Babbitt introduced marketing innovations that included the sale of bar soap and distribution of product samples . William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James , bought

3990-630: The products the stewards of royal estates are to tally. The lands of Medieval Spain were a leading soapmaker by 800, and soapmaking began in the Kingdom of England about 1200. Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities, such as the produce of carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers. In Europe, soap in the 9th century was produced from animal fats and had an unpleasant smell. This changed when olive oil began to be used in soap formulas instead, after which much of Europe's soap production moved to

4060-559: The repeated laundering of materials used in perfume -making lead to noticeable amounts of soap forming. This fits with other evidence from Mesopotamian culture. Pliny the Elder, whose writings chronicle life in the first century AD, describes soap as "an invention of the Gauls". The word sapo , Latin for soap, has connected to a mythical Mount Sapo, a hill near the River Tiber where animals were sacrificed. But in all likelihood,

4130-556: The slopes and mountain areas near the city have been developed into residential areas, with many housing complexes and new towns. However, road development has not kept up with the city's growth, and all major roads are heavily congested in the mornings and evenings. Kagoshima is constantly bombarded by ash from the eruptions of Sakurajima and is at risk of a major volcanic disaster; the residents have developed methods to cope with this including school-children wearing helmets to protect from volcanic debris. Kagoshima Prefecture Kagoshima has

4200-514: The town of Kiire (from Ibusuki District ) and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida (both from Kagoshima District ). All areas were merged into Kagoshima City on 1 November 2004. Sakurajima ( 桜島町 , Sakurajima-chō ) is a settlement on Sakurajima island that was previously a municipally distinct town located in Kagoshima District , Kagoshima Prefecture , Japan . As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,504 and

4270-527: The use of soap has become commonplace in industrialized nations due to a better understanding of the role of hygiene in reducing the population size of pathogenic microorganisms . Until the Industrial Revolution , soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was rough. In 1780, James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton , for the manufacture of alkali from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added

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4340-519: The volcano across the bay from the city spread ash throughout the municipality, but relatively little disruption ensued. On the night of June 17, 1945, the 314th bombardment wing of the Army Air Corps (120 B-29s) dropped 809.6 tons of incendiary and cluster bombs destroying 2.11 square miles (5.46 km ) of Kagoshima (44.1 percent of the built-up area). Kagoshima was targeted because of its largely expanded naval port as well as its position as

4410-648: The word was borrowed from an early Germanic language and is cognate with Latin sebum , " tallow ". It first appears in Pliny the Elder 's account, Historia Naturalis , which discusses the manufacture of soap from tallow and ashes. There he mentions its use in the treatment of scrofulous sores , as well as among the Gauls as a dye to redden hair which the men in Germania were more likely to use than women. The Romans avoided washing with harsh soaps before encountering

4480-459: Was banned for much of this period, the city remained quite active and prosperous. Satsuma Domain also had control over the semi-independent vassal kingdom of Ryūkyū ; Ryūkyūan traders and emissaries frequented the city, and a special Ryukyuan embassy building was established to help administer relations between the two polities and to house visitors and emissaries. Kagoshima was also a significant center of Christian activity in Japan prior to

4550-403: Was concentrated in a few centers of Provence — Toulon , Hyères , and Marseille —which supplied the rest of France. In Marseilles, by 1525, production was concentrated in at least two factories, and soap production at Marseille tended to eclipse the other Provençal centers. English manufacture tended to concentrate in London. The demand for high-quality hard soap was significant enough during

4620-705: Was erected outside the train station as a tribute to them. Kagoshima was also the birthplace of Tōgō Heihachirō . After naval studies in England between 1871 and 1878, Togo's role as Chief Admiral of the Grand Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Russo-Japanese War made him a legend in Japanese military history, and earned him the nickname ' Nelson of the Orient' in Britain. He led

4690-469: Was introduced in England, which meant that until the mid-1800s, soap was a luxury, used regularly only by the well-to-do. The soap manufacturing process was closely supervised by revenue officials who made sure that soapmakers' equipment was kept under lock and key when not being supervised. Moreover, soap could not be produced by small makers because of a law that stipulated that soap boilers must manufacture

4760-476: Was manufactured in ancient China from the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis . Another traditional detergent is a mixture of pig pancreas and plant ash called zhuyizi ( simplified Chinese : 猪胰子 ; traditional Chinese : 豬胰子 ; pinyin : zhūyízǐ ). Soap made of animal fat did not appear in China until the modern era. Soap-like detergents were not as popular as ointments and creams. Hard toilet soap with

4830-438: Was officially founded on April 1, 1889. It merged with Taniyama City on April 29, 1967 and with Yoshida Town , Sakurajima Town , Kiire Town , Matsumoto Town and Kōriyama Town on November 1, 2004. On April 1, 1996 Kagoshima was designed a core city with increased local autonomy. Located at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyūshū , Kagoshima is the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed

4900-466: Was produced using olive oil together with alkali and lime . Soap was exported from Syria to other parts of the Muslim world and to Europe. A 12th-century document describes the process of soap production. It mentions the key ingredient, alkali , which later became crucial to modern chemistry, derived from al-qaly or "ashes". By the 13th century, the manufacture of soap in the Middle East had become

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