91-573: Temple Bar may refer to: Temple Bar, London , a place in London marking the boundary of the Cities of London and Westminster Temple Bar Gate , designed by Christopher Wren and since dismantled and moved to Paternoster Square. Temple Bar Memorial , unveiled in 1880 Temple Bar, Dublin , a cultural quarter in Dublin, Ireland Temple Bar TradFest ,
182-455: A neo-Renaissance style serves as the base for a sculpture by Charles Bell Birch of a dragon supporter (sometimes erroneously referred to as a griffin ) bearing a shield of the arms of the City of London . The pedestal is decorated with statues by Joseph Boehm of Queen Victoria and her son the then Prince of Wales , the last royals to have entered the City through Wren's gate, which event
273-611: A pump , the water of which was noted in the 19th century for its purity. King's Bench Walk has contained buildings since at least 1543, although these were burnt down in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and their replacements destroyed in another fire in 1677. The buildings take their name from the Office of the King's Bench , which was situated in the row and destroyed in the 1677 fire. Buildings were reconstructed in 1678 and 1684, and
364-624: A year book . The Hospitallers leased the land to the Inner Temple for £10 a year, with students coming from Thavie's Inn to study there. There are few records of the Inner Temple from the 14th and 15th centuries—indeed, from all the societies, although Lincoln's Inn's records stretch back to 1422. The Temple was sacked by Wat Tyler and his rebels during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, with buildings pulled down and records destroyed. John Stow wrote that, after breaking into Fleet Prison ,
455-706: A coffee pot in 1788 and an "argyle" or gravy holder in 1790. The Inner Temple contains many buildings, some modern and some ancient, although only Temple Church dates back to the time of the Knights Templars who originally inhabited the site. The Inn contains several buildings and sets of buildings used to house barristers' chambers , with those rooms above the second floor generally being residential in nature. The sets are Crown Office Row, Dr Johnson's Buildings, Farrar's Building, Francis Taylor Building, Harcourt Buildings, Hare Court, King's Bench Walk, Littleton Building, Mitre Court Buildings, Paper Buildings and
546-638: A complete suspension of legal education, with the Inns close to being shut down for almost four years. Following the English Restoration the Inner Templars welcomed Charles II back to London personally with a lavish banquet. After a period of slow decline in the 18th century, the following 100 years saw a restoration of the Temple's fortunes, with buildings constructed or restored, such as
637-459: A design by Hubert Worthington . Hare Court was named after Nicholas Hare, who built the first set in 1567. The west and south sides were destroyed in the fire of 1678. On 31 May 1679 orders were given to replace the west side with four new buildings three storeys high, which were funded by the Treasurer (Thomas Hanmer) and the tenants at the time, including Judge Jeffreys . The Court features
728-579: A design by Robert Smirke . While constructing it the labourers found a hoard of 67 guineas dated from the reigns of monarchs from Charles II to George II , which were confiscated by the Clerk of the Works. Paper Buildings are on the site of Heyward's Buildings, constructed in 1610. The "paper" part of the name comes from the fact that they were built from timber, lath and plaster, a construction method known as "paperwork". A fire in 1838 destroyed three of
819-475: A knight on horseback with a shield and sword raised. From this point onwards, the arms were considered the Temple's property, and they were confirmed by the College of Arms in 1967. Inner Temple (together with the neighbouring Middle Temple ) is also one of the few remaining liberties , an old name for a type of administrative division. It is an independent extra-parochial area , historically not governed by
910-591: A licence for paving the Strand Street from Temple Bar to the Savoy , and collecting tolls to cover the expense. On 5 November 1422, the corpse of Henry V was borne to Westminster Abbey by the chief citizens and nobles, and every doorway from Southwark to Temple Bar had a torch-bearer. In 1503 the hearse of Elizabeth of York , queen of Henry VII, halted at Temple Bar, on its way from the Tower to Westminster, and at
1001-412: A noted inhabitant of these early constructs was Lord Mansfield . The current buildings date from the first, 1678 construction to, most recently, chambers built in 1948. Mitre Court Buildings are on the site of Fuller's Rents, constructed in 1562 by John Fuller, the Temple's Treasurer. Noted residents of chambers here included Sir Edward Coke . Mitre Court was erected on the site in 1830, and based on
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#17327652039541092-497: A notional bar or barrier across the route near The Temple precinct, but it is also used to refer to the 17th-century ornamental, English Baroque arched gateway building attributed to Christopher Wren , which spanned the roadway at the bar for two centuries. After Wren's gateway was removed in 1878, the Temple Bar Memorial topped by a dragon symbol of London, and containing statues of Queen Victoria and Edward VII ,
1183-550: A number of them had sacked this Temple, what with labour and what with wine being overcome, they lay down under the walls and housing,, and were slain like swyne, one of them killing another for old grudge and hatred, and others also made quick dispatch of them. A number of them that burnt the Temple went from thence to the Savoy, destroying in their way all the houses that belonged to the Hospital of St. John. John Baker thinks that
1274-632: A role he was granted in gratitude for his intervention in a dispute with the Middle Temple over Lyon's Inn , one of the Inns of Chancery that had historically been tied to the Inner Temple. Dudley's influence swayed Elizabeth into asking Nicholas Bacon to rule in favour of the Inner Temple, and in gratitude the Parliament and Governors swore never to take a case against Dudley and to offer him their legal services whenever required. This pledge
1365-535: A statute of 1539/40. The Benchers of the Inn then attorned to the crown and were tenants until 1608. Following a Scotsman's request to purchase the land, the Inner and Middle Temples appealed to James I , who granted the land to a group of noted lawyers and Benchers , including Henry Montague and Sir Julius Caesar , and to "their heirs and assignees for ever" on the condition that the Inner and Middle Temples each paid him £10
1456-614: A traditional Irish music and cultural festival at the location above Temple Bar Gallery and Studios , at the location above The Temple Bar (public house) , a pub in the Temple Bar cultural quarter of Dublin Temple Bar, Lake Mead , a site on the Arizona side of Lake Mead Temple Bar Marina , a marina on Lake Mead in the U.S. state of Arizona Temple Bar Airport , airport at the location above Temple Bar, Ceredigion ,
1547-620: A village in Ceredigion , Wales Temple Bar (magazine) , a British literary magazine published 1860 to 1906 Mory's or "Mory's Temple Bar", a private club in New Haven, Connecticut near the Yale campus Temple Bar , an album by John Waite Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Temple Bar . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
1638-468: A year before being appointed as Treasurer; the Reader for 2023 is Richard Salter KC . The Inner Temple was historically governed by a Treasurer and three Governors. Members were divided into two categories; Clerks ( Clerici ) admitted to Clerks' Commons and Fellows ( Socii ) admitted to Fellows' Commons. The Governors held Parliament with a small group of senior barristers; in 1508, for example, Parliament
1729-405: A year. The Elizabethan age saw a large amount of rebuilding and beautification within the Temple, and with over 100 sets of chambers it was the second largest Inn (after Gray's Inn ), with 155 residential students reported in 1574. In winter 1561, the Inner Temple was the scene of an extraordinary set of revels that celebrated the raising of Robert Dudley as the Temple's "Christmas Prince",
1820-527: Is Temple Church , along with the Inner Temple and Middle Temple Inns of Court. As the most important entrance to the City of London from Westminster, it was formerly long the custom for the monarch to halt at the Temple Bar before entering the City of London, in order for the Lord Mayor to offer the corporation's pearl-encrusted Sword of State as a token of loyalty. 'Temple Bar' strictly refers to
1911-674: Is a professional body that provides legal training, selection, and regulation for members. It is ruled by a governing council called "Parliament", made up of the Masters of the Bench (or " Benchers "), and led by the Treasurer , who is elected to serve a one-year term. The Temple takes its name from the Knights Templar , who originally (until their abolition in 1312) leased the land to the Temple's inhabitants (Templars). The Inner Temple
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#17327652039542002-521: Is a copy of the Welsh dragon. It is Said to be Curiously like it. — Yorkshire Evening Post , Tuesday 1 March 1898 Following the removal of Wren's gate, Horace Jones , Architect and Surveyor to the City of London, designed a memorial to mark Temple Bar, which was unveiled in 1880. The Temple Bar Memorial stands in the street in front of the Royal Courts of Justice. The elaborate pedestal in
2093-618: Is depicted in one of the reliefs which also decorate the structure. In the 1960s, similar but smaller and more subdued dragon sculptures were set at other entry points to the city. Two were originally created in 1849 by J. B. Bunning for the entrance to the Coal Exchange (and were relocated to Victoria Embankment following that building's demolition in 1962), while the others are smaller-scale versions of Bunning's design. Charles Dickens mentioned Temple Bar in A Tale of Two Cities (Book II, Chapter I), noting its proximity to
2184-488: Is not owned by the Inn) is reputed to have been the council chambers of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales and Charles, Prince of Wales, later Charles I . The original Knights' Templar Hall was replaced in the fourteenth or fifteenth century. It was extensively repaired in 1606 and 1629, but was still in poor condition in 1816. Despite this, little was done at that time but replacing the timbers which had gone rotten and patching
2275-422: Is noted for its collection of silver and pewter plate , described in the early 20th century as similar in value to that of Oxford or Cambridge University . The first reference to plate is in 1534, with a silver cup left to the Temple as part of the estate of a Master Sutton. Further pieces were added over the next century, with Robert Bowes giving a silver gilt cup to Sir John Baker in 1552. The cup, which
2366-671: Is now Essex House . The original Temple covered much of what is now the northern part of Chancery Lane (originally New Street), which the Knights created to provide access to their new buildings. The old Temple eventually became the London palace of the Bishop of Lincoln. After the Reformation it became the home of the Earl of Southampton , and the location is now named Southampton Buildings. The first group of lawyers came to live here during
2457-411: Is occupied as barristers' chambers, residential flats and more recently, solicitors. The Inner Temple is governed by the Parliament, an executive council made up of the elected Benchers . The Parliament is led by the Treasurer, who is elected annually to serve a one-year term; the Treasurer for 2023 is Sir Robert Francis KC. The Inner Temple also has a Reader , who traditionally holds the position for
2548-635: Is one of the four Inns of Court and is a professional association for barristers and judges. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales , a person must belong to one of these Inns. It is located in the wider Temple area, near the Royal Courts of Justice , and within the City of London . As a liberty , it functions largely as an independent local government authority. The Inn
2639-757: The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas . The group proceeded from Whitehall on the King's barge, landed at the Temple and walked through the Temple Garden surrounded by all the Benchers, barristers and servants of the Temple, fifty of whom brought a lavish feast for the revellers. At the start of the next legal term, two Dukes including the Duke of York, two Earls and two Lords were admitted as members, and
2730-627: The City of London from the City of Westminster . In the Middle Ages, London expanded city jurisdiction beyond its walls to gates, called 'bars', which were erected across thoroughfares. To the west of the City of London, the bar was located adjacent to the area known as the Temple . Temple Bar was situated on the historic royal ceremonial route from the Tower of London to the Palace of Westminster ,
2821-527: The City of London Corporation (and is today regarded as a local authority for most purposes ) and equally outside the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishop of London . The Inner Temple's functions as a local council are set out in the Temples Order 1971 . It geographically falls within the boundaries and liberties of the City, but can be thought of as an independent enclave . The Inner Temple
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2912-652: The General Council of the Bar ) acting as a disciplinary body and the Inns of Court and Bar Educational Trust providing education. The history of the Inner Temple begins in the early years of the reign of Henry II (1154–1189), when the contingent of Knights Templar in London moved from the Old Temple in Holborn to a new location on the banks of the River Thames , stretching from Fleet Street to what
3003-429: The Great Fire of London in 1666, and extensive damage was done in other fires in 1677 and 1678. One of these fires destroyed Caesar's Buildings, on Middle Temple Lane where Lamb Buildings now stand, and the site was purchased by Middle Temple from Inner Temple, which needed the proceeds to repair or rebuild other buildings. The 18th century was a period of relative stability, with an element of decline. The Benchers of
3094-563: The Great Fire of London , but a replacement was built in 1668. A second, smaller fire in 1679 necessitated the destruction of one library building to act as a firebreak and save the hall. In 1707 the Inner Temple was offered the Petyt Manuscripts and a sum of £150 to build a new Library, which was completed in 1709 and consisted of three rooms. A Librarian was appointed immediately, and the practice continues to this day. Modifications were made in 1867, 1872 and 1882 which extended
3185-493: The 13th century, although as legal advisers to the Knights rather than as a society. The Knights fell out of favour, and the order was dissolved in 1312, with the land seized by the king and later granted to the Knights Hospitaller . The Hospitallers probably did not live on the property, but rather used it as a source of revenue through rent. The secular, common law lawyers migrated to the hamlet of Holborn , as it
3276-722: The Bar the Abbots of Westminster and Bermondsey blessed the corpse, and the Earl of Derby and a large company of nobles joined the funeral procession. Anne Boleyn passed through the Bar on 31 May 1534, the day before her coronation, on her way to the Tower. On that occasion Temple Bar was new painted and repaired, and near it stood singing men and children—the Fleet Street conduit all the time running claret . In 1554, Thomas Wyatt led an uprising in opposition to Queen Mary I 's proposed marriage to Philip II of Spain . When he had fought his way down Piccadilly to The Strand, Temple Bar
3367-512: The City trade. In 1878 the City of London Corporation , eager to widen the road but unwilling to destroy so historic a monument, dismantled it piece-by-piece over an 11-day period and stored its 2,700 stones carefully. In 1880 the brewer Henry Meux , at the instigation of his wife Valerie Susan Meux , bought the stones and re-erected the arch as the facade of a new gatehouse in the park of his mansion house Theobalds Park in Hertfordshire,
3458-511: The Duke of York was called to the Bar and made an honorary Bencher. During the rule of the House of Stuart , much was done by the Court of Star Chamber to enforce religious edicts against Catholicism within the Inner Temple. An order was sent directly to the Benchers proclaiming that no "pson eyther convented or suspected for papistrye shulde be called eyther to the benche or to the barre", and at
3549-624: The Hall and the Library. Much of this work was destroyed during The Blitz , when the Hall, Temple, Temple Church , and many sets of barristers' chambers were devastated. Rebuilding was completed in 1959, and today the Temple is an active Inn of Court with over 8,000 members. The Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court , along with Gray's Inn , Lincoln's Inn , and the Middle Temple . The Inns are responsible for training, regulating, and selecting barristers within England and Wales , and are
3640-413: The Hall, Library and Benchers' Chambers. The original Library existed from at least 1506, and consisted of a single room. This was not a dedicated library, as it was also used for dining when there were too many barristers for the hall, and later for moots . By 1607 a second room had been added, and Edward Coke donated a copy of his Reports for the library a year later. The Library of the Inner Temple
3731-548: The Hall, the Library and many sets of chambers. Fires continued to burn for another day, despite the assistance of the Fire Brigade and several barristers and employees. It was decided not to start rebuilding until after the cessation of hostilities, and plans began in 1944, when the Temple contacted the War Damage Commission to provide the £1.5 million to cover the damage. £1.4 million was provided, with
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3822-619: The Inn between 1600 and 1640. The outbreak of the First English Civil War led to a complete suspension of legal education, with the Inns almost shut down for nearly four years; the Inns "suffered a mortal collapse". Nothing was done to adapt the old system of legal education, which was declining anyway, to the new climate of internal war. After the end of the Civil War, the old system was not restored; Readers refused to read and both barristers and Benchers refused to follow
3913-439: The Inner Temple bought the neighbouring 1–2 Serjeant's Inn , which can be accessed directly from the Inner Temple, with the intention of converting it to barristers' chambers. However, instead, the premises has been let on a 99-year lease to Apex Hotels. No. 3 Serjeant's Inn has been a barristers' chambers, occupying commercial premises, since 1986. Mitre Court, which connects the Inner Temple area, Serjeant's Inn and Fleet Street,
4004-612: The Inner Temple is, in blazon , " Azure a pegasus salient argent ", or a Pegasus . Gerard Legh is normally given the credit for having suggested the Pegasus as a coat of arms, having given an account of Robert Dudley playing the part of Prince Pallaphilos, a patron of the Honorable Order of Pegasus in the 1561 Christmas revels . It may alternately have come about because of the tiles in Temple Church, which show
4095-472: The Library to eight rooms A new Library was built on the site of the old one in the 19th century, with the north wing being completed in 1882, and contained 26,000 law volumes, as well as 36,000 historical and architectural texts. This building was destroyed during the Second World War, and although some of the rarest manuscripts had been moved off site, 45,000 books were lost. A replacement Library
4186-609: The Mason's Company and King's Master Mason, while John Bushnell carved the statues. Rusticated , it is a two-story structure consisting of one wide central arch for the road traffic, flanked on both sides by narrower arches for pedestrians. On the upper part, four statues celebrate the 1660 Restoration of the Stuart monarchy: in its original setting, on the west side King Charles II is shown with his father King Charles I whose parents King James I and Anne of Denmark are depicted on
4277-703: The Master of the Garden, Oliver Sells QC. In 1870 Robert Marnock re-designed the Inner Temple Garden. The Gateway, at the top of Inner Temple Lane on Fleet Street , is thought to have existed in the same location since the founding of the Temples by the Knights Templar. It was rebuilt in 1610 by John Bennett, the King's Serjeant-at-Arms , and again rebuilt in 1748. The building above it (which
4368-604: The Meux Trust for the sum of £1. In December 2001 the city's Court of Common Council resolved to contribute funds for the return of Temple Bar Gate to the city. On 13 October 2003 the first stone was dismantled at Theobalds Park and all were placed on 500 pallets for storage. In 2004 it was returned to the City of London where it was painstakingly re-erected as an entrance to the Paternoster Square redevelopment immediately north of St Paul's Cathedral , opening to
4459-714: The Tartarus of Maids , he contrasts the beauty of the Temple Bar gateway at the highest point on the road leading to the hellish paper factory, which he calls a "Dantean Gateway" (in his Inferno , Dante describes the gateway to Hell , over which are written the words, "Abandon all hope, ye who enter here"). The dragon on top of the Temple Bar monument comes to life in Charlie Fletcher 's children's book about London, Stoneheart . The dragon also features in Virginia Woolf 's The Years , in which one of
4550-464: The Temple called Ivy Williams to the bar, making her the first female barrister in England and Wales. The Temple suffered massively during The Blitz in the Second World War, including attacks on 19 September and 26 September 1940, which destroyed the Library clocktower and the Hall respectively; on 10–11 May 1941 the Inn was hit by a series of incendiaries which destroyed the inside of Temple Church,
4641-422: The buildings, which were immediately replaced with a design by Robert Smirke, with Sydney Smirke later adding two more buildings. A famous resident of (at the time) Heyward's Buildings was John Selden , who was one of the original tenants and shared a set of chambers with Heyward himself. Inner Temple Gardens were laid out around 1601, with a set of decorated railings added in 1618 with the Temple's pegasus and
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#17327652039544732-469: The city's ancient defensive walls in several places, known as the Liberties of London . To regulate trade into the city, barriers were erected on the major entrance routes wherever the true boundary was a substantial distance from the nearest ancient gatehouse in the walls. Temple Bar was the most used of these, since traffic between the City of London (England's prime commercial centre) and the Palace of Westminster (the political centre) passed through it. It
4823-440: The crumbling walls with brick. As a result of the poor condition and the increasing numbers of barristers, it was demolished in 1868. Its replacement was a larger hall in the Gothic style , designed by Sydney Smirke , which was opened on 14 May 1870 by Princess Louise . The new Hall was 94 feet long, 41 feet wide and 40 feet high, with glass windows featuring the coats of arms of noted Treasurers from 1506 onwards running around
4914-438: The east side. During the 18th century the heads of convicted traitors were frequently mounted on pikes and exhibited on the roof, as was the case on London Bridge . The other seven principal gateways to London, ( Ludgate , Newgate , Aldersgate , Cripplegate , Moorgate , Bishopsgate and Aldgate ) were all demolished in the 1760s, but Temple Bar remained despite its impediment to the ever-growing traffic. The upper-storey room
5005-435: The eastern side of Temple Gardens. Crown Office Row was named after the Crown Office, which used to sit on the site and was removed in 1621. The first building (described by Charles Dugdale as "the Great Brick Building over against the Garden") was constructed in 1628, and completely replaced in 1737. The current buildings were designed and built by Sir Edward Maufe . Charles Lamb was born in No. 2 Crown Office Row, which
5096-462: The fall of the Templars the church, along with the rest of the Temple, fell into the hands of the Knights Hospitaller , and from there passed to Henry VIII , who appointed a priest, known as the Master of the Temple. The Royal Charter granted by James I that guaranteed the independence of the Inner and Middle Temples did so on the condition that the Temples maintain the church, a requirement which has been followed to this day. Both societies also own
5187-482: The fictional Tellson's Bank on Fleet Street. This was in fact Child & Co. , which used the upper rooms of Temple Bar as storage space. Whilst critiquing the moral poverty of late 18th-century London, Dickens wrote that in matters of crime and punishment, "putting to death was a recipe much in vogue", and illustrated the horror caused by severed heads "exposed on Temple Bar with an insensate brutality and ferocity". In Herman Melville 's The Paradise of Bachelors and
5278-408: The griffin of Gray's Inn , a sign of the strong relationship between the two; the design was included in the new iron gates made in 1730, which are still present. The gardens contain various landmarks, including a sundial from 1707 by Edward Strong the Elder , a pair of cisterns dated from 1730 and a lead statute of a blackmoor by John Nost , which was transferred from Clifford's Inn when Clifford's
5369-418: The home of a livery company , the Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects , providing space for meetings and dining and an education centre funded by the Corporation of London 's CIL Neighbourhood fund. The top of one of the gates was offered for sale by Dreweatts Auctioneers in a London sale of surplus stock from LASSCO on 15 June 2013. Some authorities believe that the griffin which adorns Temple Bar
5460-442: The inhabitants took the opportunity to rebuild much of the Temple, and that this was when the Temple's Hall was built, since it contained 14th century roofing that would not have been available to the Knights Templar. The Inns of Court were similarly attacked in Jack Cade 's rebellion, although there are no specific records showing damage to the Inner Temple. The Hospitallers' properties were confiscated and given to Henry VIII by
5551-429: The internal regulations. The last reading at Inner Temple was made in 1678. Following the English Restoration , the Inner Temple welcomed Charles II back to London with a lavish banquet on 15 August 1661. The banquet was hosted by Sir Heneage Finch , the Speaker of the House of Commons and was attended by the King, four Dukes including the Duke of York , fourteen Earls of England, Scotland and Ireland, 6 Lords and
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#17327652039545642-424: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_Bar&oldid=1187627057 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Temple Bar, London Temple Bar was the principal ceremonial entrance to
5733-408: The main characters, Martin, points "at the splayed-out figure at Temple Bar; it looked as ridiculous as usual – something between a serpent and a fowl." 51°30′49″N 0°06′43″W / 51.51361°N 0.11194°W / 51.51361; -0.11194 Listed clockwise from the West Inner Temple The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple , commonly known as the Inner Temple ,
5824-426: The monarch halting at Temple Bar and being met by the Lord Mayor has often featured in art and literature. It is commented on in televised coverage of modern-day royal ceremonial processions. A City bar at The Temple is first mentioned in 1293 and was probably only a chain or bar between a row of posts. More substantial structures with arches followed. After the Battle of Evesham of 1265, Prince Edward punished
5915-408: The night in a set of chambers; when he escaped and tried to return, they called the Trained Bands . The Mayor complained to the King, who heard the case on 7 April 1669 and decided to allow it to be determined by law rather than by his royal privilege; the lawyers returned to the principle that the Temple could set its own internal rules on the right to carry swords. Much of the Inn was destroyed in
6006-425: The only bodies allowed to call a barrister to the Bar and allow him or her to practice. The Inner Temple is an independent, unincorporated organisation, and works as a trust . It has approximately 8,000 members and around 450 apply to join per year. Although the Inn was previously a disciplinary and teaching body, these functions are now shared between the four Inns, with the Bar Standards Board (a division of
6097-410: The public on 10 November 2004. The total cost of the project was over £3 million, funded mainly by the City of London, with donations from the Temple Bar Trust and several City Livery Companies. In September 2022, Temple Bar London, consisting of the gateway and an adjacent building (Paternoster Lodge), was officially reopened by the Duke of Gloucester and the Lord Mayor of London Vincent Keaveny as
6188-415: The rebellious Londoners, who had befriended Simon de Montfort , by taking away all their street chains and bars, and storing them in the Tower of London . By 1351, a timber archway had been built housing a small prison above it. The earliest known documentary and historical notice of Temple Bar is in 1327, concerning a hearing before the mayor regarding a right of way in the area. In 1384, Richard II granted
6279-405: The rebels: went to the Temple to destroy it, and plucked down the houses, tooke off the tyles of the other buildings left; went to the churche, tooke out all the bookes and remembrances that were m the hatches of the prentices of the law, carried them into the high street, and there burnt them. This house they spoyled for wrathe they bare to the prior of St. John's, unto whom it belonged, and, after
6370-412: The rest found elsewhere. There was a further delay due to the Temple's choice of architect, Hubert Worthington , who was so slow that the Benchers ended up replacing him with his junior associate, T.W. Sutcliffe, and eventually Sir Edward Maufe . The chambers were the priority, with parts of King's Bench Walk finished in 1949, and the final building (the Library) was opened on 21 April 1958. In 2001
6461-409: The room. There were two doors, one to the south and one to the north, which are said by William Dugdale to be the remnants of a "great carved screen" erected in 1574. The Hall was destroyed during the Second World War , and the foundation stone for the new hall was laid by Queen Elizabeth in 1952. The building was designed by Hubert Worthington and opened in 1955 as part of a complex involving
6552-427: The same time Benchers were selected specifically because of their Protestant beliefs, with popular and successful Catholics held back. This period also features an example of the independent standing of the Temple; in 1668 the Lord Mayor of London attempted to enter the Temple with his sword, something that was his right in the City but not permitted within the Temple. The students took his sword and forced him to spend
6643-533: The site of a former substantial prodigy house of James VI and I . There it remained, positioned in a woodland clearing, until 2003. A plaque now marks the site. In March 1938 Theobalds Park was sold by Sir Hedworth Meux to Middlesex County Council , but Wren's Temple Bar Gatehouse was excluded from the sale and retained by the Meux trustees in the park. In 1984 it was bought by the Temple Bar Trust from
6734-495: The then existing Bar Gate at the Temple escaped damage by the Great Fire of London of 1666, it was decided to rebuild it as part of the general improvement works made throughout the city after that devastating event. Commissioned by King Charles II , and attributed to Sir Christopher Wren , the fine arch of Portland stone was constructed between 1669 and 1672, by Thomas Knight, the City Mason, and Joshua Marshall , Master of
6825-403: The time were described as "opposed to all modern fashions, including new-fangled comforts", with the Inn's buildings deteriorating. Much of the Temple was rebuilt during the 19th century, most noticeably the Hall and Library, although fever and disease continued as a result of the Inn's outdated systems; the same water was used both for drinking and for flushing the toilet, for example. In 1922
6916-643: The two chief residences of the medieval English monarchs, and from the Palace of Westminster to St Paul's Cathedral . The road east of the bar within the city was Fleet Street , while the road to the west, in Westminster, was The Strand . At the bar, the Corporation of the City of London erected a barrier to regulate trade into the city. The 19th century Royal Courts of Justice are located to its north, having been moved from Westminster Hall . To its south
7007-573: Was a distinct society from at least 1388, although as with all the Inns of Court its precise date of founding is not known. After a disrupted early period (during which the Temple was almost entirely destroyed in the Peasants' Revolt ) it flourished, becoming the second-largest Inn during the Elizabethan period (after Gray's Inn ). The Inner Temple expanded during the reigns of James I and Charles I , with 1,700 students admitted between 1600 and 1640. The First English Civil War 's outbreak led to
7098-596: Was always honoured, and in 1576 the Inner Temple Parliament referred to Dudley as the "chief governor of this House". The play was partially documented by Gerard Legh in his Accedens of Armory , a book of heraldry woodcuts, which described Dudley's role as Prince Pallaphilos, the lieutenant of Athena and Patron of the Order of the Pegasus. The Inner Temple continued to expand during the reigns of James I and Charles I , with 1,700 students admitted to
7189-599: Was built in 1958, and currently contains approximately 70,000 books. Temple Church has been described as "the finest of the four round churches still existing in London". The original Round was constructed in 1185 by the Knights Templar and consecrated by the Patriarch of Jerusalem on 10 February. The church was highly regarded during this period, with William the Marshal buried there and Henry III initially making plans before changing to Westminster Abbey . After
7280-532: Was destroyed during the Second World War, and Thomas Coventry maintained a set of chambers there. Harcourt Buildings were first built in 1703 by John Banks and named after Simon Harcourt , the Treasurer of the time. There were three buildings, 50 feet wide, 27 feet deep and 3 storeys high. Replacements were constructed between 1832 and 1833, and were not particularly attractive—Hugh Bellot said that they "could scarcely be more unsightly". These replacements were destroyed in 1941, and new buildings were built based on
7371-554: Was destroyed. A rookery was established during the 18th century by Edward Northey , who brought a colony of crows from his estates in Epsom to fill it. The gardens were previously noted for their roses, and William Shakespeare claimed that the Wars of the Roses started in the Inner Temple Garden. The gardens have recently been the subject of substantial restoration under the auspices of
7462-636: Was easy to get to the law courts at Westminster Hall and was just outside the City. Two groups occupied the Hospitaller land, and became known as the "inner inn" (occupying the consecrated buildings near the centre of the Temple) and the "middle inn" (occupying the unconsecrated buildings between the "inner inn" and the Outer Temple ). These became the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple , and were distinct societies by 1388, when they are mentioned in
7553-622: Was erected to mark the location. Wren's archway was preserved and was re-erected in 2004 in the city, in a redeveloped Paternoster Square next to St Paul's Cathedral. In September 2022, the preserved Wren gateway and an adjacent building were officially opened by the Duke of Gloucester as the home of the Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects . In the Middle Ages , the authority of the City of London Corporation reached beyond
7644-462: Was far superior to those of the other Inns of Court , and "placed the House far in advance of the other societies". The Library refused to accept John Selden 's manuscripts in 1654, most likely because the size of the collection would necessitate a new building, but it has been described as "the greatest loss which the Library of the Inner Temple ever sustained". The Library was entirely destroyed in
7735-526: Was held with three Governors and four senior barristers. The last Governor was elected in 1566, and Benchers took over later that century. Benchers, or Masters of the Bench, are elected members of the Parliament responsible for overseeing the estates, the Inn's finances and setting internal policy. Today there are approximately 350 Governing Benchers (barristers and members of the judiciary) and honorary, academic and Royal Benchers appointed, as well as those practising in other jurisdictions. The coat of arms of
7826-436: Was leased to the neighbouring banking house of Child & Co for storage of records. In the 1853 novel, Bleak House , Charles Dickens described it as "that leaden-headed old obstruction, appropriate ornament for the threshold of a leaden-headed old corporation" (the City of London corporation). It was also the subject of jokes, "Why is Temple Bar like a lady's veil? Both must be raised (razed) for " busses " ( 'buses ). It
7917-479: Was located where Fleet Street now meets The Strand, which is outside London's old boundary wall. Its name derives from the Temple Church , adjoining to the south, which has given its name to a wider area south of Fleet Street, the Temple , once belonging to the Knights Templar but now home to two of the legal profession's Inns of Court , and within the city's ancient boundaries. The historic ceremony of
8008-410: Was noted in jest "as a weak spot in our defences", since one could walk through the adjoining barbershop where one door opened on to the city and the other in the area of Westminster. In 1874 it was discovered that the keystones had dropped and the arches were propped up with timbers. The steady increase in horse and cart traffic led to complaints that Temple Bar was becoming a bottleneck, holding back
8099-416: Was shaped like a melon with feet formed from the "tendrils" of the melon, is a prized possession of the Temple. Nicholas Hare left three silver salt cellars for the use of the Benchers in 1597. Two silver candlesticks were bought in 1606, another salt cellar in 1610 and six silver spoons in 1619. A large part of the "house plate" was stolen in 1643, and it is unknown whether it was recovered, although money
8190-437: Was spent in prosecuting the offender. Two silver cups were bought in 1699, and records from 1 January 1703 show that the Temple owned one gilt cup (the "melon" cup) five salt cellars, ten large cups, twelve little cups, and twenty-three spoons. Twelve more spoons were bought in 1707, along with another silver cup, and at some point in this period the Temple purchased or was given a nef . A dozen teaspoons were bought in 1750,
8281-441: Was thrown open to him, or forced open by him; but when he had been repulsed at Ludgate he was hemmed in by cavalry at Temple Bar, where he surrendered. This revolt persuaded the government to go through with the execution of Lady Jane Grey . The notable Scottish bookseller Andrew Millar owned his first London shop at Temple Bar, taken over from the ownership of James McEuen in 1728, to whom Millar had been apprenticed. Although
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