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In genetics , a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription . This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript RNA from the transcriptional complex . These processes include the direct interaction of the mRNA secondary structure with the complex and/or the indirect activities of recruited termination factors . Release of the transcriptional complex frees RNA polymerase and related transcriptional machinery to begin transcription of new mRNAs.

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56-556: [REDACTED] Look up terminator in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Terminator may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Genetics [ edit ] Terminator (genetics) , the end of a gene for transcription Terminator technology , proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by causing second generation seeds to be sterile Astronomy [ edit ] Terminator (solar) ,

112-436: A Celebrity Come Dine with Me Christmas special . On 26 March 2011, he appeared in a three-part reality television series, Goldie's Band: By Royal Appointment in which he led a group of music experts as they conducted a nationwide search for young talented musicians and then selected and coached 12 of them, who collaborated to create some musical pieces for a performance at Buckingham Palace . In 2014, he appeared on

168-471: A 1984 film by James Cameron that began the franchise Terminator: Dark Fate , a 2019 film Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles , a 2008 TV series Terminator (character) , a Terminator cyborg portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator (character concept) , a fictional class of autonomous killer robots in the franchise The Terminators (film) , a 2009 mockbuster distributed by The Asylum Terminator, an elimination gameplay element in

224-553: A 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmetry followed by a short poly-A tract or "A stretch" which is transcribed to form the terminating hairpin and a 7–9 nucleotide "U tract" respectively. The mechanism of termination is hypothesized to occur through a combination of direct promotion of dissociation through allosteric effects of hairpin binding interactions with the RNA polymerase and "competitive kinetics". The hairpin formation causes RNA polymerase stalling and destabilization, leading to

280-659: A 22-minute hardcore symphony." In 1996, he released the Toasted Both Sides Please remix of the Bush song " Swallowed ", which topped charts in the US and Canada. Price released his second album, Saturnz Return , in 1998. The album's opening track, "Mother", is an hour-long orchestral drum and bass piece. The album featured appearances by David Bowie , Noel Gallagher and KRS-One . The album met with mixed reviews. David Brown of Entertainment Weekly called

336-688: A Canadian. The couple appeared in the 20 June 2009 episode of ITV's All Star Mr & Mrs with Phillip Schofield and Fern Britton . Mika and Price married in 2010. On 29 April 2010, Price opened the William Tyndale Primary School Sports Pitch in Islington , London. In July 2010, Price received an honorary doctorate in Social Sciences from Brunel University , Uxbridge. On 3 September 2010, he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Design from

392-1210: A DC comic book supervillain Terminator (Marvel Comics) , a Space Knight character in Marvel Comics Many works based on the 1984 franchise; see List of Terminator comics Other entertainment [ edit ] Nikki Terminator , robot assistant of magician Rudy Coby Terminator, a moving city at the edge of light and dark in the planet Mercury, in Kim Stanley Robinson 's novels and short stories People [ edit ] The Terminator (wrestler) (born 1964), American professional wrestler Arbi Barayev (born 1974–2001), Chechen warlord Niels Feijen , (born 1977), Dutch pool player Bosco Ntaganda (born c. 1973), Congolese militia leader and war criminal Anatoly Onoprienko (1959–2013), Ukrainian serial killer Tom Henke , an American baseball player Jeff Reardon , an American baseball player Ariarne Titmus (born 2000), Australian swimmer Hermann Maier (born 1972), nicknamed "Herminator" Other uses [ edit ] Terminator,

448-514: A big interface between graffiti and the break." In 2002, Goldie's autobiography 'Nine Lives' was published by Hodder & Stoughton . Written with London-based writer Paul Gorman , the book traced his life story from childhood in care and foster homes through to the first flush of his success as a groundbreaking musical artist. A second autobiography 'All Things Remembered' was published in November 2017 by Faber & Faber. Written when Goldie

504-880: A breakdance crew called the Birmingham Bboys , and made his name as a graffiti artist in the West Midlands . His artwork around Birmingham and Wolverhampton was featured heavily in Dick Fontaine 's documentary Bombin ' . He is mentioned for his graffiti in the book Spraycan Art by Henry Chalfant and James Prigoff , which contains several examples of his art. He moved to the United States owing to graffiti projects, and also started selling grills (gold teeth jewellery) in New York and Miami; he continued this business after his return to

560-544: A concert orchestra. Price was placed second, behind Sue Perkins . On 31 July 2009, the first of a two-part television programme Classic Goldie was broadcast, showing how in the wake of his success in the Maestro programme he learns to write a score for a large orchestra and choir. The resulting composition, commissioned by the BBC and entitled Sine Tempore ( Timeless ), was performed at two children's Promenade concerts in

616-482: A cryptonym for the 2003-2004 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra pony car Nike Terminator , a high-top shoe by Nike See also [ edit ] Terminaator , Estonian band Terminonatator , a plesiosaur genus Termination (disambiguation) Terminatrix (disambiguation) Terminus (disambiguation) Exterminator (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Terminator All pages with titles containing Terminator Topics referred to by

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672-441: A greater likelihood that dissociation of the complex will occur at that location due to increased time spent paused at that site and reduced stability of the complex. Additionally, the elongation protein factor NusA interacts with the RNA polymerase and the hairpin structure to stimulate transcriptional termination. In eukaryotic transcription of mRNAs, terminator signals are recognized by protein factors that are associated with

728-649: A means of regulation such as that observed in transcriptional attenuation , and to ensure the termination of runaway transcriptional complexes that manage to escape earlier terminators by chance, which prevents unnecessary energy expenditure for the cell. Rho-dependent transcription terminators require a large protein called a Rho factor which exhibits RNA helicase activity to disrupt the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase transcriptional complex. Rho-dependent terminators are found in bacteria and phages . The Rho-dependent terminator occurs downstream of translational stop codons and consists of an unstructured, cytosine-rich sequence on

784-468: A moving line that separates the illuminated side and the dark side of a planetary body The lunar terminator , specifically Electronics and computers [ edit ] Terminator (electrical) , a resistor at the end of a transmission line to prevent signal reflection Microsoft Terminator , a program analyzer research project Terminator (terminal emulator) , a cross-platform GPL terminal emulator Statement terminator , used to demarcate

840-536: A musical innovator—and particularly as one of the key driving forces of innovation in the jungle/breakbeat scene—were exceptional. "Goldie revolutionised jungle not once but thrice", he noted in The Wire magazine, continuing, "First there was 'Terminator' (pioneering the use of time stretching), then 'Angel' (fusing Diane Charlemagne 's live vocal with David Byrne / Brian Eno samples to prove that hardcore could be more 'conventionally' musical), now there's 'Timeless',

896-556: A retrospective exhibition titled "Kids Are All Riot" took place in Shoreditch , London, coinciding with the release of his screenprint "Apocalypse Angel". Around 2008, Price's art work was displayed on the London Underground by the arts company Art Below . In 2021, he modeled for Louis Vuitton Menswear Spring / Summer collection and contributed a song. The innovative nature of Goldie's art (both sonic and visual)

952-902: A triple gold vinyl version and a compact disc version. The release brought the number of versions of the iconic drum'n'bass album (including reissues and global pressings) to 44. Price has appeared in Guy Ritchie 's Snatch and several other films, most notably the James Bond film, The World Is Not Enough . He also played gangster Angel Hudson in the British soap opera EastEnders (2001–2002). Price starred in Everybody Loves Sunshine (1999) (aka B.U.S.T.E.D. – United States title) with David Bowie . Price appeared on BBC1 's Daytime Live in October 1987 to discuss

1008-533: A tsp site. Contact between Rho and the RNA polymerase complex stimulates dissociation of the transcriptional complex through a mechanism involving allosteric effects of Rho on RNA polymerase. Intrinsic transcription terminators or Rho-independent terminators require the formation of a self-annealing hairpin structure on the elongating transcript, which results in the disruption of the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase ternary complex . The terminator sequence in DNA contains

1064-426: A video call Price later admitted to assault by beating. On 30 May Bristol Magistrates' Court ordered Goldie to pay almost £2,500 as a fine. In 2017, Price appeared to reveal the first name of pseudonymous graffiti artist Banksy as "Rob" on Scroobius Pip 's weekly Distraction Pieces Podcast (Episode #156). When discussing the rise of commercialism in street art, Price said, "Give me a bubble letter and put it on

1120-422: Is a modified guanine added to the front of mRNA, which prevents the exonuclease from binding and degrading the RNA strand. A 3' poly(A) tail is added to the end of a mRNA strand for protection from other exonucleases as well. The allosteric model suggests that termination occurs due to the structural change of the RNA polymerase unit after binding to or losing some of its associated proteins, making it detach from

1176-418: Is an English music producer, DJ , and actor. Initially gaining exposure for his work as a graffiti artist, Goldie became well known for his pioneering role as a musician in the 1990s UK jungle , drum and bass and breakbeat hardcore scenes. He released a variety of singles under the pseudonym Rufige Kru and co-founded the label Metalheadz . He later released several albums under his own name, including

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1232-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Terminator (genetics) Two classes of transcription terminators, Rho-dependent and Rho-independent, have been identified throughout prokaryotic genomes. These widely distributed sequences are responsible for triggering the end of transcription upon normal completion of gene or operon transcription, mediating early termination of transcripts as

1288-625: Is known for his work as the leader of Rufige Kru. The group has no fixed members and has included drum and bass producers such as Technical Itch, Heist, Cujo, Agzilla Da Ice, Danny J, Doc Scott and Rob Playford . March 2013 saw the release of The Alchemist: The Best of Goldie 1992–2012 , featuring prominent tracks from throughout Price's musical career. A subsequent compilation, the three-CD Masterpiece set released by Ministry of Sound in 2014, brought together tracks that influenced him ( Soul II Soul 's "Back To Life", Roy Ayers ' "Everybody Loves The Sunshine") with cuts that soundtracked his entry into

1344-465: Is of Jamaican and Scottish heritage. He was put up for adoption at the age of three, and raised in childcare homes and by several foster parents . According to his 2002 autobiography, he was physically and sexually abused during this time. Price was a member of the breakdance crew Westside, based in the Whitmore Reans and Heath Town areas of Wolverhampton, in the 1980s. He later joined

1400-651: Is stopped by TTF1 (yeast Nsi1), which recognizes a downstream DNA sequence; the endonuclease is XRN2 (yeast Rat1). Pol III is able to terminate on its on on a stretch of As on the template strand. Finally, Pol II also have poly(A)-independent modes of termination, which is required when it transcribes snRNA and snoRNA genes in yeast. The yeast protein Nrd1 is responsible. Some human mechanism, possibly PCF11 , seems to cause premature termination when pol II transcribes HIV genes. Goldie Clifford Joseph Price MBE (born 19 September 1965), better known as Goldie ,

1456-496: The Bboys from Wolverhampton. In 1995, he appeared on Passengers , and in a Channel 4 documentary about himself in 1998. His next TV appearance was hosting Crime Business on the digital TV channels Bravo and Ftn . He presented the documentary series The World's Deadliest Gangs on Bravo in 2002. Price appeared on the second series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2002. He was the first celebrity to be "evicted". In 2006, he

1512-468: The RNA polymerase II and which trigger the termination process. The genome encodes one or more polyadenylation signals . Once the signals are transcribed into the mRNA, the proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and cleavage stimulation factor (CstF) transfer from the carboxyl terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to the poly-A signal. These two factors then recruit other proteins to

1568-590: The Royal Albert Hall on 1 and 2 August 2009, which featured music connected with Charles Darwin and the creation and evolution of the world. He appeared on Celebrity Mastermind on 27 December 2009 and came fourth behind Paul O'Grady , Gail Emms and Loyd Grossman . On 11 September 2010, he was announced as part of the line-up in Strictly Come Dancing , staying in the competition for two weeks. On 22 December 2010, he appeared in

1624-600: The UK Albums Chart at number seven. The album fused the breakbeats and basslines common in jungle with orchestral textures and soul vocals by Diane Charlemagne . The album's title track was a 21-minute symphonic piece. " Inner City Life ", a track from the album, reached number 39 in the UK Singles Chart . Timeless helped to popularise drum and bass as a form of musical expression . The music critic Simon Reynolds noted that Price's credentials as

1680-587: The University of Wolverhampton . On 7 September 2010, Price's 23-year-old son Jamie Price was sentenced to life imprisonment , with a minimum sentence of 21 years, for murder. He was convicted of stabbing a rival gang member to death in Wolverhampton town centre on 24 August 2008. As of 2017, Price and his wife were living in Thailand, having moved there in 2015. Price was appointed a Member of

1736-666: The telethon BBC Children in Need . In 2007, Price returned to the art world with an art exhibition, "Love Over Gold", which was held at the Leonard Street Gallery, London. In 2008, he teamed up with Pete Tong to provide much of the artwork for Tong's new Wonderland club night at Eden nightclub in San Antonio , Ibiza . There was an exhibition of Price's art in Berlin from 13 to 26 June 2008. In April 2009,

Terminator - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-539: The 1984 film "Terminator" (1988), song by metal band Powermad "Terminator" (1992 track), darkcore track by Goldie "Terminator" (1997), song by Sevendust from the album Sevendust Games [ edit ] Terminator ( Warhammer 40,000 ) , a type of Space Marine in the Warhammer 40,000 setting Many video games based on the 1984 franchise; see List of Terminator video games Comics [ edit ] Terminator (DC Comics) or Deathstroke,

1848-708: The 1995 album Timeless , which entered the UK charts at number 7. Goldie's acting credits include the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough , Guy Ritchie 's Snatch (2000) and the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2001–2002). He has also appeared in a number of celebrity reality television shows, including Celebrity Big Brother 2 (UK), Strictly Come Dancing , Come Dine with Me and Maestro . Born in Walsall , England, but raised in Wolverhampton , Price

1904-537: The DNA strand after the signal. This would occur after the RNA pol II unit has transcribed the poly-A signal sequence, which acts as a terminator signal. RNA polymerase is normally capable of transcribing DNA into single-stranded mRNA efficiently. However, upon transcribing over the poly-A signals on the DNA template, a conformational shift is induced in the RNA polymerase from the proposed loss of associated proteins from its carboxyl terminal domain . This change of conformation reduces RNA polymerase's processivity making

1960-557: The Night with ... ' episode 052, where he met artist Skream . The episode not only shows an adventurous encounter between two hard-drinking stars of the club scene, but also a close-up look at the operation of one of Europe's most important electro festivals, the Melt Festival . During August and September 2008, the BBC broadcast Maestro , a reality television show in which eight celebrities, including Price, learned to conduct

2016-630: The Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours awards, for services to music and young people. Price was accused of assaulting a security guard at the 2017 Glastonbury festival after the guard had refused to let Price's daughter, Chance, backstage; Price later emailed a response which read, "Yep, guilty as charged", but in March 2018, district judge Lynn Matthews at Bristol Magistrates' Court rejected Price's emailed response and in

2072-509: The RNA), moving towards the bound RNA polymerase II. This exonuclease is XRN2 (5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2) in humans. This model proposes that XRN2 proceeds to degrade the uncapped residual RNA from 5' to 3' until it reaches the RNA pol II unit. This causes the exonuclease to 'push off' the RNA pol II unit as it moves past it, terminating the transcription while also cleaning up the residual RNA strand. Similar to Rho-dependent termination, XRN2 triggers

2128-647: The UK in 1988. His nickname stems from "Goldielocks", an earlier nickname given to him during his Bboys days and subsequently shortened when he no longer wore dreadlocks . By 1991, Price had become fascinated by the British breakbeat music scene when his girlfriend, DJ Kemistry , introduced him to the pioneering jungle and drum and bass producers Dennis "Dego" McFarlane and Mark "Marc Mac" Clair, known as 4hero . He went on to execute some design and A&R work for 4hero's Reinforced Records label. In 1992, Price made his first record appearance by contributing to an EP by Icelandic group Ajax Project that included

2184-461: The album "ambitious but monotonous and overlong— Pink Floyd with a gold tooth". In 2002, Price said that he had been working for three years on a film called Sine Tempus , described as a coming-of-age story of a young paintbrush artist. In 2006, he announced the soundtrack as his new album. The album was released via the Metalheadz website in 2008, but the film has not been released. Price

2240-399: The dissociation of RNA polymerase II by either pushing the polymerase off of the DNA template or pulling the template out of the RNA polymerase. The mechanism by which this happens remains unclear, however, and has been challenged not to be the sole cause of the dissociation. In order to protect the transcribed mRNA from degradation by the exonuclease, a 5' cap is added to the strand. This

2296-500: The end of an individual statement in a programming language Military [ edit ] BMPT Ob'yekt 199 Ramka, armoured tracked vehicle, designed for tanks support, often nicknamed "Terminator" Sukhoi Su-37 Air Superiority Fighter, also called the "Terminator". Entertainment [ edit ] Films and television [ edit ] Terminator (franchise) , a series of science fiction films and derivative works, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger The Terminator ,

Terminator - Misplaced Pages Continue

2352-420: The enzyme more prone to dissociating from its DNA-RNA substrate. In this case, termination is not completed by degradation of mRNA but instead is mediated by limiting the elongation efficiency of RNA polymerase and thus increasing the likelihood that the polymerase will dissociate and end its current cycle of transcription. The several RNA polymerases in eukaryotes each have their own means of termination. Pol I

2408-432: The game show Greed Literature [ edit ] The Terminators , a 1971 novel by Berkely Mather The Terminators (novel) , a 1975 Matt Helm novel by Donald Hamilton The Terminator , a novelization of the 1984 film by Shaun Hutson The Terminator , another novelization of the 1984 film by Randall Frakes and William Wisher Jr. Music [ edit ] The Terminator (soundtrack) , for

2464-454: The mRNA known as a Rho utilization site ( rut ), and a downstream transcription stop point ( tsp ). The rut serves as a mRNA loading site and as an activator for Rho; activation enables Rho to efficiently hydrolyze ATP and translocate down the mRNA while it maintains contact with the rut site. Rho is able to catch up with the RNA polymerase because it is being stalled at the downstream tsp sites. Multiple different sequences can function as

2520-485: The package was delivered, and the device was defused by Scotland Yard . In 1998, Price bought a country house in Bovingdon , Hertfordshire. Price married model Sonjia Ashby in 2002. They divorced in 2005. As of 2003, he had five children, including social content creator Danny Price, who has appeared on Channel 4 reality show Make Me Prime Minister . In 2007, Goldie began a relationship with Mika Wassenaar,

2576-461: The rave scene and key moments from the drum'n'bass scene. In 2017, the Goldie album The Journey Man was released, which Price described as his " magnum opus " and "the most important thing that I've ever made." In 2020, Goldie launched his new record label, Fallen Tree 1Hundred. A 25th anniversary edition of Timeless was released by London Records the following year. The new release included

2632-472: The rise of urban art across the United Kingdom. Price also appeared on Central Weekend , a Friday evening topical debate show on Central TV , promoting graffiti as an art form. He had a small documentary made about his own art on Central TV's Here and Now programme featuring Pogus Caesar 's photographs of New York. He has appeared on various young people's TV shows as part of a breakdance crew,

2688-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Terminator . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terminator&oldid=1244968431 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2744-455: The site to cleave the transcript, freeing the mRNA from the transcription complex, and add a string of about 200 A-repeats to the 3' end of the mRNA in a process known as polyadenylation . During these processing steps, the RNA polymerase continues to transcribe for several hundred to a few thousand bases and eventually dissociates from the DNA and downstream transcript through an unclear mechanism; there are two basic models for this event known as

2800-414: The torpedo and allosteric models. After the mRNA is completed and cleaved off at the poly-A signal sequence, the left-over (residual) RNA strand remains bound to the DNA template and the RNA polymerase II unit, continuing to be transcribed. After this cleavage, a so-called exonuclease binds to the residual RNA strand and removes the freshly transcribed nucleotides one at a time (also called 'degrading'

2856-675: The track Ruffige . His releases Killa Muffin b/w Krisp Biscuit and the Dark Rider EP were released under the alias "Rufige Cru" His track "Terminator", released under the name "Metalheads" in 1992, was a hit in the jungle scene and is noted for pioneering the use of time stretching . In 1993, he released Angel , another 12" on the Synthetic Hardcore Phonography label. 1994 saw him setting up his own record label, Metalheadz . His first studio album, Timeless , followed in 1995. Timeless entered

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2912-502: Was 52, it covers a more comprehensive span than the earlier book but is more philosophic in tone. While incidents from his extraordinary childhood are recounted, it also includes his ruminations on musical heroes such as Pat Metheny and a conversation with "my left-hand man" Doc Scott as well as memories of his work in TV and film. The book includes pictures of Goldie on set with David Bowie . Co-written with Ben Thompson, 'All Things Remembered'

2968-461: Was a consistent theme in Kodwo Eshun 's acclaimed book 'More Brilliant Than The Sun' (published in 1998) which has long been seen as a landmark text on Afro-futurism. Among the works that Eshun referenced were Goldie's 1986 graffiti piece Future World Machine and his 1992 single 'Terminator' single. Noting the links between the multi-dimensionality in both painting and sound, Eshun noted: "There's

3024-546: Was angered by the fact that Björk was in a relationship with a black man (in both Price’s and Tricky’s case) and, on September 12, 1996, sent an explosive device to Björk, disguised as a book, which was designed to spray sulfuric acid on her face, disfiguring her or killing her. Lopez then went back to his apartment, shaved off all the hair on his head, and painted his face and head red and green, before shooting himself, all of which he filmed. The device failed to reach Björk because Lopez’s body, and his plans, were discovered before

3080-542: Was chosen by Nicola Barker as one of The Guardian's Books Of The Year. She described it as "a fabulous, whirling kaleidoscope of music, memory and trauma . . . magical and cautionary." In the early 1990s, Price had a relationship with drum and bass artist Kemistry , who died in a car accident in 1999. He was romantically involved with Icelandic singer Björk in 1996. His relationship with Björk, and her previous relationship that year with Massive Attack member Tricky , upset Ricardo Lopez , an obsessed Björk fan, who

3136-542: Was scheduled to appear in The Games , a UK reality TV show on Channel 4, but during training for the water-ski jump event he fractured his femur and was unable to take part in the show. He was replaced by Adam Rickitt . In 2009, he was reported to be suing the producers of the show for damages as a result of the injury. In June 2008, Price participated in the German/French TV channel ARTEs format ' Into

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