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39-471: First mentioned in 1325, Terneuzen was a strategically located port on the waterways to Ghent , in present-day Belgium . It received city rights in 1584. Tradition has it that Terneuzen was once the home of the legendary Flying Dutchman , Van der Decken, a captain who cursed God and was condemned to sail the seas forever, as described in the Frederick Marryat novel The Phantom Ship and

78-481: A marine west coast climate , abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps. Ghent is home to many people of foreign origin and immigrants. The 2020 census revealed that 35.5% of the inhabitants had roots outside of Belgium and 15.3% had a non-Belgian nationality. Many neighbourhoods already have a minority-majority population, primarily in the north, east, and west of the city and some pockets in the south. Some examples are Brugse Poort, Dampoort, Rabot, Ledeberg, Nieuw Gent/UZ and

117-443: A less important city, resulting in an extremely well-preserved historic centre, that now makes Ghent an important destination of tourism. The municipality comprises the city of Ghent proper and the surrounding suburbs of Afsnee , Desteldonk , Drongen , Gentbrugge , Ledeberg , Mariakerke , Mendonk , Oostakker , Sint-Amandsberg , Sint-Denijs-Westrem , Sint-Kruis-Winkel , Wondelgem and Zwijnaarde . With 269,191 inhabitants at

156-475: A public institution known for its radical productions. The theatre company's home base is in the Royal Dutch Theatre  [ nl ] (Koninklijke Nederlandse Schouwburg, or KNS), with a secondary location in the city at Minnemeers. The company also tours extensively. In Ghent and other regions of East Flanders , bakeries sell a donut-shaped bun called a "mastel" (plural "mastellen"), which

195-732: A recreation park (Blaarmeersen, 87 hectares; 215 acres). The port of Ghent , in the north of the city, is the third-largest port of Belgium. It is accessed by the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal , which ends near the Dutch port of Terneuzen on the Western Scheldt . The port houses, among others, large companies like ArcelorMittal , Volvo Cars , Volvo Trucks , Volvo Parts , Honda , and Stora Enso . The Ghent University and several research-oriented companies, such as Ablynx, Innogenetics, Cropdesign, and Bayer Cropscience, are situated in

234-813: A small portion of the abbey was spared demolition. The late 16th and 17th centuries brought devastation because of the Eighty Years' War . The war ended the role of Ghent as a centre of international importance. In 1745, the city was captured by French forces during the War of the Austrian Succession before being returned to the Empire of Austria under the House of Habsburg following the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. This part of Flanders became known as

273-727: A word related to the English ' marsh ') were ideally suited for herding sheep, the wool of which was used to make cloth. Ghent was the leading city for cloth during the Middle Ages. The wool industry , originally established at Bruges , created the first European industrialized zone in Ghent in the High Middle Ages . The mercantile zone was so highly developed that wool had to be imported from Scotland and England, which led to Flanders' good relationship with them. However, during

312-504: Is a famous Catholic burial site of the nobility and artists. One of the more notable pieces of contemporary architecture in Ghent is De Krook , the new central library and media center, a collaboration between local firm Coussée and Goris and Catalan firm RCR Arquitectos. Important museums in Ghent are the Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Museum of Fine Arts), with paintings by Hieronymus Bosch , Peter Paul Rubens , and many Flemish masters;

351-646: Is basically a bagel. "Mastellen" are also called " Saint Hubert bread", because, on the Saint's feast day, which is 3 November, the bakers bring their batches to the early Mass to be blessed. Traditionally, it was thought that blessed mastellen immunized against rabies . Other local delicacies are the praline chocolates from local producers such as Leonidas , the cuberdons or 'neuzekes' ('noses'), cone-shaped purple jelly-filled candies (a four-year feud between two local vendors made international news), 'babelutten' ('babblers'), hard butterscotch-like candy, and of course, on

390-740: Is held every year and attended by about 1–1.5 million visitors. Archaeological evidence shows human presence around the confluence of the Scheldt and the Leie going back as far as the Stone Age and the Iron Age . Most historians believe that the older name for Ghent, 'Ganda', is derived from the Celtic word ganda , which means ' confluence ', or 'river mouth', referring to the Leie river debouching into

429-681: Is linked to the recognition of the detrimental environmental effects of meat production , which the United Nations ' Food and Agriculture Organization has established to represent nearly one-fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions . The city is host to some big cultural events such as the Ghent Festival , the International Film Festival of Ghent (with the World Soundtrack Awards ) and

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468-411: Is usually served nouvelle-cuisine-style and supplemented by a large pot on the side. The city promotes a meat-free day on Thursdays called Donderdag Veggiedag with vegetarian food being promoted in public canteens for civil servants and elected councillors, in all city-funded schools, and promotion of vegetarian eating options in town (through the distribution of "veggie street maps"). This campaign

507-711: The Austrian Netherlands until the exile of the French Emperor Napoleon I , the end of the French Revolutionary and later Napoleonic Wars , and the peace treaties arrived at by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Ghent's textile industry flourished again. Lieven Bauwens , having smuggled the industrial and factory machine plans out of England, introduced the first mechanical weaving machine on

546-587: The COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium , being held again in the summer of 2022, after a two-year break. The Festival of Flanders had its 50th celebration in 2008. In Ghent, it opens with the OdeGand City festivities that take place on the second Saturday of September. Some 50 concerts take place in diverse locations throughout the medieval inner city and some 250 international artists perform. Ghent co-hosted

585-954: The European continent in 1800. The Treaty of Ghent , negotiated here and adopted on Christmas Eve 1814, formally ended the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States (the North American phase of the Napoleonic Wars). After the Battle of Waterloo , Ghent and Flanders , previously ruled from the House of Habsburg in Vienna as the Austrian Netherlands, became a part of the United Kingdom of

624-639: The Gent Festival van Vlaanderen  [ nl ] . Also, every five years, an extensive botanical exhibition ( Gentse Floraliën ) takes place in Flanders Expo in Ghent, attracting numerous visitors to the city. The Ghent Festival ( Gentse Feesten in Dutch) is an annual festival that lasts for ten days. It has been held for more than 50 years (since 1969) and is attended by about 1–1.5 million visitors. It did not take place in 2020 and 2021 due to

663-520: The Hundred Years' War , trade with England suffered significantly. Ghent was the birthplace of John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster . The city recovered in the 15th century when Flanders was united with neighbouring provinces under the Dukes of Burgundy . High taxes led to a rebellion and eventually to the Battle of Gavere in 1453, in which Ghent suffered a terrible defeat at the hands of Philip

702-530: The Richard Wagner opera The Flying Dutchman . Before 1877, the city was often called Neuzen . The city of Terneuzen is located on the southern shore of the Western Scheldt estuary. The municipality of Terneuzen consists of the following population centres: The Ghent–Terneuzen Canal is still an important shipping route connecting the Port of Ghent . The port of Terneuzen is the third-largest in

741-656: The SMAK or Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst (City Museum for Contemporary Art), with works of the 20th century, including Joseph Beuys and Andy Warhol ; and the Design Museum Gent with masterpieces of Victor Horta and Le Corbusier . The Huis van Alijn (House of the Alijn family) was originally a beguinage and is now a museum for folk art where theatre and puppet shows for children are presented. The Museum voor Industriële Archeologie en Textiel or MIAT displays

780-822: The Scheldt . Other sources connect its name with an obscure deity named Gontia . There are no written records of the Roman period, but archaeological research confirms that the Ghent area continued to be inhabited. When the Franks invaded the Roman territories from the end of the 4th century and well into the 5th century, they brought their language with them, and Celtic and Latin were replaced by Old Dutch . Around 650, Saint Amand founded two abbeys in Ghent: St. Peter's ( Blandinium ) and St. Bavo's Abbey . Around 800, Louis

819-644: The Sint-Pieters railway station was completed in 1912. Ghent was occupied by the Germans in both World Wars but escaped severe destruction. The life of the people and the German invaders in Ghent during World War I is described by H. Wandt in "etappenleven te Gent". In World War II the city was liberated by the British 7th "Desert Rats" Armoured Division and local Belgian fighters on 6 September 1944, with

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858-554: The province of East Flanders , and the third largest in the country, after Brussels and Antwerp . It is a port and university city. The city originally started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Leie . In the Late Middle Ages Ghent became one of the largest and richest cities of northern Europe , with some 50,000 people in 1300. After the late 16th century Ghent became

897-666: The 2021 World Choir Games together with Antwerp . Organised by the Interkultur Foundation , the World Choir Games is the biggest choral competition and festival in the world. Ghent has been chosen as the 2024 European Youth Capital by the European Youth Forum . The numerous parks in the city can also be considered tourist attractions. Most notably, Ghent boasts a nature reserve ( Bourgoyen-Ossemeersen , 230 hectares (570 acres) ) and

936-594: The Dow Chemical plant is served by a freight-only line to Ghent in Belgium (Terneuzen's passenger rail service was withdrawn in 1951). Ghent Ghent ( Dutch : Gent [ɣɛnt] ; French : Gand [ɡɑ̃] ; historically known as Gaunt in English) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium . It is the capital and largest city of

975-626: The Good . Around this time the centre of political and social importance in the Low Countries started to shift from Flanders (Bruges–Ghent) to Brabant ( Antwerp – Brussels ), although Ghent continued to play an important role. With Bruges, the city led two revolts against Maximilian of Austria , the first monarch of the House of Habsburg to rule Flanders. In 1500, Juana of Castile gave birth to Charles V , who became Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain . Although native to Ghent, he punished

1014-562: The Netherlands with the northern Dutch for 15 years. In this period, Ghent established its own university (1816) and a new connection to the sea (1824–27). After the Belgian Revolution , with the loss of port access to the sea for more than a decade, the local economy collapsed, and the first Belgian trade union originated in Ghent. In 1913 there was a world exhibition in Ghent . As a preparation for these festivities,

1053-654: The Netherlands, after those of Rotterdam and Amsterdam . The largest plant of Dow Chemical Company outside of the United States is located at Terneuzen, on the west side of the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal. Terneuzen can be reached from the rest of the Netherlands via the Western Scheldt Tunnel , which opened in March 2003. Terneuzen is not linked to the rest of the Netherlands by rail, although

1092-520: The Pious , son of Charlemagne , appointed Einhard , the biographer of Charlemagne, abbot of both abbeys. The city grew from several nuclei, the abbeys, and a commercial centre. However, in 851 and 879 the city was plundered by Vikings . Under the protection of the County of Flanders the city recovered and flourished from the 11th century, growing to become a small city-state . By the 13th century, Ghent

1131-528: The area around Sleepstraat (known for its many Turkish restaurants). The composition of the 2018 – 2024 city council: Much of the city's medieval architecture remains intact and is remarkably well preserved and restored. Its centre is a carfree area . Highlights are St. Bavo's Cathedral with the Ghent Altarpiece , the belfry , the Gravensteen castle , and the splendid architecture along

1170-542: The central and southern part of the city. As the largest city in East Flanders, Ghent has four large hospitals, numerous schools, and shopping streets. Flanders Expo , the biggest event hall in Flanders and the second biggest in Belgium, is also located in Ghent. Tourism is becoming a major employer in the local area. As one of the largest cities in Belgium, Ghent has a highly developed transport system. By car

1209-474: The city after the 1539 Revolt of Ghent and obliged the city's nobles to walk in front of the Emperor barefoot with a noose (Dutch: "strop" ) around the neck; since this incident, the people of Ghent have been called " Stroppendragers " (noose bearers). St. Bavo's Abbey (not to be confused with the nearby St. Bavo's Cathedral) was abolished, torn down, and replaced with a fortress for Royal Spanish troops. Only

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1248-4037: The city is accessible via two motorways: In addition, Ghent also has two ringways: Five railway stations can be found in the municipality of Ghent: Ghent has an extensive network of public transport lines, operated by De Lijn . List of mayors of Ghent This is a list of mayors of Ghent , Belgium : 1800s [ edit ] Name Date of birth Date of death Office Entered Office Left Party Joseph Van Crombrugghe 22 September 1770 10 March 1842 1825 1836 Liberal Jean-Baptiste Minne-Barth 2 September 1796 17 February 1851 1837 1840 Liberal Joseph Van Crombrugghe (2) 22 September 1770 10 March 1842 1840 1842 Liberal Constant de Kerchove de Denterghem 31 December 1790 12 July 1865 1842 1854 Liberal Josse Joseph de Lehaye 28 May 1800 22 September 1888 1854 1857 Liberal Joseph Sébastien della Faille d'Assenede 1756 1830 1804 1808 Philippe Louis Vilain XIIII 1778 1856 1808 1808 Pierre Joseph Pycke de Ten Aerde 1771 1820 1808 1811 Josse vander Haeghen 1811 Charles de Kerchove de Denterghem 1819 1882 1857 1882 Liberal Hippolyte Lippens 16 October 1847 31 December 1906 1882 1895 Liberal Emile Braun 2 December 1849 30 August 1927 1895 1921 Liberal 1900s [ edit ] Name Date of birth Date of death Office Entered Office Left Party Edward Anseele sr acting mayor 26 July 1856 18 February 1938 1918 1918 Belgian Labour Party Alfred Vanderstegen 26 January 1869 7 January 1959 1921 1946 Liberal Hendrik Elias effective mayor (Not mentioned on official list.) 12 June 1902 2 February 1973 1941 1944 VNV Edward Anseele, Jr. acting mayor 21 March 1902 28 June 1981 1944 1946 PSB-BSP Emile Claeys 12 April 1894 24 February 1984 1946 1952 PSC-CVP Laurent Merchiers 9 June 1904 5 February 1986 1952 1958 Liberal Emile Claeys (2) 12 April 1894 24 February 1984 1959 1970 CVP Geeraard Van den Daele 21 July 1908 1 October 1984 1971 1976 CVP Neile van Davise 3 August 1919 1976 1976 CVP Placide De Paepe 2 November 1913 12 January 1989 1976 1982 CVP Jacques Monsaert 9 September 1934 28 July 2002 1983 1988 CVP Gilbert Temmerman 25 February 1928 19 January 2012 1989 1994 SP Frank Beke 5 August 1946 1995 2006 SP 2000s [ edit ] Name Date of birth Date of death Office Entered Office Left Party Daniël Termont 19 May 1953 2007 2018 SP.A Mathias De Clercq 26 December 1981 2018 Open VLD See also [ edit ] Timeline of Ghent References [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mayors of Ghent . info from het Liberaal Archief (in Dutch) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mayors_of_Ghent&oldid=1078214371 " Categories : Mayors of Ghent Lists of mayors of places in Belgium Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

1287-442: The end of 2023, Ghent is Belgium's second largest municipality by number of inhabitants. The metropolitan area , including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,205 km (465 sq mi) and had a total population of 560,522 as of 1 January 2018, which ranks it as the fourth most populous in Belgium. The current mayor of Ghent is Mathias De Clercq ( Open Vld ). The ten-day-long Ghent Festival ( Gentse Feesten )

1326-425: The industrial strength of Ghent with recreations of workshops and stores from the 1800s and original spinning and weaving machines that remain from the time when the building was a weaving mill. The Ghent City Museum (Stadsmuseum, abbreviated STAM), is committed to recording and explaining the city's past and its inhabitants, and to preserving the present for future generations. NTGent is the city theatre of Ghent,

1365-445: The more fiery side, the famous 'Tierenteyn', a hot but refined mustard that has some affinity to French 'Dijon' mustard. Stoverij is a classic Flemish meat stew, preferably made with a generous addition of brown 'Trappist' (strong abbey beer) and served with French fries. ' Waterzooi ' is a local stew originally made from freshwater fish caught in the rivers and creeks of Ghent, but nowadays often made with chicken instead of fish. It

1404-465: The northern suburbs and the industrial area cleared over the following days by the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division . After the fusions of municipalities in 1965 and 1977, the city is made up of following sub-municipalities : The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Ghent has

1443-399: The old Graslei harbour. Ghent has established a blend between comfort of living and history; it is not a city-museum. The city of Ghent also houses three béguinages and numerous churches including St. Jacob's Church, St. Nicholas' Church , St. Michael's Church and St. Stefanus' Church . In the 19th century Ghent's most famous architect, Louis Roelandt , built the university hall Aula,

1482-569: The opera house, and the main courthouse. Highlights of modern architecture are the university buildings (the Boekentoren or Book Tower) by Henry Van de Velde . There are also a few theatres from diverse periods. The beguinages, as well as the belfry and adjacent cloth hall, were recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites in 1998 and 1999. The Zebrastraat , a social experiment in which an entirely renovated site unites living, economy, and culture, can also be found in Ghent. Campo Santo

1521-565: Was the biggest city in Europe north of the Alps after Paris ; it was bigger than Cologne or Moscow . Up to 65,000 people lived within the city walls. The belfry and the towers of the St. Bavo's Cathedral and St. Nicholas' Church are just a few examples of the skyline of the period. The rivers flowed in an area where much land was periodically flooded. These rich grass 'meersen' (" water-meadows ":

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