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67-718: The East Hampton Star is a weekly, privately owned newspaper published each Thursday in East Hampton, New York . It is one of the few independent, family-owned newspapers still existing in the United States. The owners live in East Hampton Town. The newspaper was founded by George Burling in 1885. His naming of the paper, using East Hampton as two words, created the modern spelling of the town's name. (It had been one word, "Easthampton", similar to neighboring Southampton .) The Boughton family started publishing

134-627: A home for the wealthy especially after the Gardiners married into almost all the wealthy New York City families. More than one hundred miles from Manhattan, East Hampton remained largely undeveloped until 1880 when Austin Corbin extended the Long Island Rail Road from Bridgehampton to Montauk. As part of the development, Arthur W. Benson forced an auction and paid US$ 151,000 for 10,000 acres (40 km ) around Montauk. He forced

201-796: A national scandal, since there was a 30-year difference in their ages. Although Tyler was a member of the wealthy Gardiner family and a former First Lady of the United States, she had economic problems after the American Civil War . She and her husband had supported the Confederate States of America . She is buried with the President in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia , the Confederate capital during

268-594: A port status, rivaling New York, due to its whale oil trade. Many slaves worked on the docks in connection with shipping and the whale trade. After slavery had ended, Gardiner's former slaves developed small houses in Freetown (East Hampton) , just north of East Hampton village. Sag Harbor's freedmen developed the Eastville community in Sag Harbor. In 1808 the United States and Great Britain cooperated in ending

335-485: A portion of his land to Lion Gardiner which later became the town of Smithtown and also appointed Gardiner the guardian of his young son, Wyancombone until he reached maturity. Gardiner later claimed that Wyandanch was poisoned but he did not state why or by whom. Wyandanch's wife and son died soon after him, in the plague that struck the Algonquian tribes in southern New England during this time. After his death

402-752: A surprise attack on the newly built colonial villages. Wyandanch however, reminded Miantomoh about the fate of the Pequots and of the Mystic river massacre and in that way managed to dissuade him from attacking the colonists for the time being. In 1643 the Narragansetts went to war against the Mohegans, were defeated, and Miantomoh was captured by Uncas and executed with the approval of the colonists. Because Miantomoh had been trying to agitate other Montaukett chiefs against Wyandanch - to get their support against

469-471: Is located in southeastern Suffolk County , New York , at the eastern end of the South Shore of Long Island . It is the easternmost town in the state of New York. At the time of the 2020 United States census , it had a total population of 28,385. The town includes the village of East Hampton , as well as the hamlets of Montauk , Amagansett , Wainscott , and Springs . It also includes part of

536-676: Is regularly filled with several pages of letters to the editor, because of its policy to publish "every letter to the editor it receives exclusively, with the exception of those sent anonymously, or those judged to be proselytizing, an invasion of privacy, libelous, or obscene." It is one of the first and only newspapers in the nation to print all letters received (that meet these requirements). The paper has reported on emerging issues surrounding development, land preservation, and historic preservation, and it contributes to East Hampton's level of civic activism and engagement in these matters. East Hampton (town), New York The Town of East Hampton

603-583: Is the oldest continuously operating cattle ranch in the United States. East Hampton is bounded by Southampton to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the south, Block Island Sound to the east, and Napeague Bay to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 386.6 square miles (1,001 km ), of which 74.4 square miles (193 km ) is land and 312.2 square miles (809 km ) (80.76%)

670-498: Is water. East Hampton has an Oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb). East Hampton has chilly, wet winters and very warm, dry summers due to the moderating influence of the ocean, which suppresses thunderstorm development and moderates summer temperatures. Summers have very warm, sunny, and stable weather, whereas the winters are often stormy due to coastal storms which bring rain but little snow. The region averages only about 10 inches or 0.25 metres of snow annually. While East Hampton

737-526: The Bonin Islands . The ship was allowed to enter Tokyo Bay under escort to return the sailors. As Japan had been closed to foreign shipping, it was the first American ship to visit Tokyo. Concer was the first African American the Japanese had seen. He is depicted in their drawings of the event. East Hampton from its earliest days with the settlement of Gardiners Island has had a reputation as being

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804-604: The Brothertown Indians with other Indians from New England, and gave up some of their traditions. In 1831-1836, the Brothertown Indians migrated to Wisconsin , where they founded the settlement of Brothertown . Some Montaukett continued to live on Long Island. In the mid to late nineteenth century, their most well-known member was Stephen Talkhouse . Their area on Lake Montauk was called Indian Fields until 1879. With their population reduced, over

871-569: The Montaukett , who were Pequot, controlled most of the territory at the east end of Long Island. Indians inhabiting the western part of Long Island were part of the Lenape nation, whose language is also in the Algonquian family. Their territory extended to lower New York, western Connecticut and the mid-Atlantic coastal areas into New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Their bands were also known by

938-526: The Narragansetts . Miantonomoh supported the colonists during the Pequot War and in 1638 a tripartite treaty of peace and friendship was signed between English colonists, the Narragansetts and the Mohegans. However, upset by further expansion of English colonies and the founding of new settlements, in 1640 Miantomoh approached Wyandanch with an offer of a pan-Indian alliance against the colonists and

1005-453: The U.S. Navy ship USS Washington , seeing the slaves on shore, arrested them and took them to Connecticut. This was an international case, with Spain arguing for the return of the ship and slaves (or compensation). The United States had its own laws to interpret. The Mende people who had been illegally taken argued for their freedom. Amistad case was ultimately decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1841. John Quincy Adams argued for

1072-609: The 17th and 18th centuries from epidemics of smallpox , a Eurasian disease carried by some English and Dutch colonists and endemic in their communities, to which the Indians had no immunity . After the American Revolution , some Montaukett relocated with Shinnecock to Oneida County in western upstate New York, led by the Mohegan missionary Samson Occom , to try to escape the settlers' civilization. They formed

1139-520: The African slave trade, but Spain continued to transport slaves to its Caribbean and Latin American colonies. On August 26, 1839, crew from La Amistad , an illegal slave ship that had been commandeered by its captives off Cuba , dropped anchor at Culloden Point and came ashore at Montauk to get supplies. The slaves, who were inexperienced navigators, thought they were on course to Africa. Members of

1206-635: The Africans. The court decided in their favor, opining that the initial capture of the Mende by the Spanish was illegal, so they were classified as free men defending their freedom and were not charged under slave law with mutiny or revolt. East Hampton film director Steven Spielberg popularized the slave revolt and Supreme Court case in the 1997 film Amistad . One of the Amistad former slaves stayed in

1273-580: The American Revolutionary War, New York passed a gradual abolition law, making children free who were born to slave mothers. But the last slaves were not freed until 1827. During the War of 1812 , the Gardiners used slaves to transport supplies back and forth to Gardiner's Island. According to the Gardiners, slaves were easier to pass through British blockades since it was "obvious" that they were "owned." During this period Sag Harbor rose to

1340-652: The Mohegan chief Uncas (Uncas made a similar charge at about the same time). Wyandanch was exonerated on all three charges because Ninigret's witnesses failed to show up on time, and because the English colonists of Long Island testified on Wyandanch's behalf in the Plymouth court. The trial however did demonstrate the greater use and reliance of the Native American tribes in the area on colonial institutions. In

1407-509: The Mohegans, which Wyandanch refused - his defeat and death strengthened Wyandanch's position within his own tribe. In 1644 Wyandanch was still most likely a minor chief among the Montauketts, His elder brother Poggaticut was grand sachem; as evidenced by an agreement from that year in which the tribe sold 31,000 acres (130 km ) of land near Southampton to English colonists; a number of other sachems' signatures appear before his on

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1474-469: The United States after the trial. He worked as a valet for President John Tyler . He was killed aboard USS Princeton along with David Gardiner and two Cabinet officers, when one of the cannons exploded during a demonstration. In 1845 African-American sailor Pyrrhus Concer of Sag Harbor was aboard the Manhattan, a ship captained by Mercator Cooper , which picked up shipwrecked Japanese sailors in

1541-646: The associated Star Island Casino, as well as the Montauk Downs golf club. Fisher lost his fortune in the Stock Market Crash of 1929 . The land was sold back to the military in World War II . During World War II, the Army developed its land for Army, Navy and Air Force bases. Chief Wyandanch Wyandanch (sometimes spelled as Wyandance or Wayandance) was born on Long Island roughly at

1608-905: The cemetery. In 1998 and 1999 as talk surfaced that Hillary Clinton was considering a Senate run from New York, they began summering in East Hampton, where they stayed at the Georgica Pond home of Steven Spielberg . Clinton gave a Saturday radio chat from the Amagansett fire station. In June 2008, at the conclusion of Hillary Clinton's Presidential bid, she stayed at the Wiborg Beach home of Thomas H. Lee in East Hampton Village. East Hampton has played an important role in African-American history. After

1675-570: The colonists in his war against Ninigret. This included a colonial sloop which patrolled Long Island Sound and sank any Niantic canoes that were trying to make their way across. Ninigret in turn attempted to use colonial institutions to get back at Wyandanch and accused the Montaukett sachem before the English. The three charges were that Wyandanch had broken the peace treaty, that he had personally murdered an Englishman named Drake, and that he had been practicing witchcraft in an attempt to kill

1742-493: The courts to declare the evictions illegal, but the court ruled in favor of the evictions. Since the 1990s, the Montaukett have pressed for formal recognition as a tribe. The Shinnecock Indian Nation , many of whom had continued to occupy a portion of land on the South Shore and claimed it as their reservation, received federal recognition in 2010 as a tribe and also have state recognition. Historically both groups were part of

1809-502: The credit for the peace to English in their role as mediators. Wyandanch broke the agreement in 1654, perhaps in a calculated move to demonstrate his independence, by launching a surprise attack against the Niantics. At the same time, Wyandanch brokered an agreement between members of his tribe and the English colonists on Long Island in relation to cattle grazing rights. As a result, by 1655, he received substantial military support from

1876-459: The document, indicating their relative importance. In 1649 and 1650 however, Wyandanch skillfully used his position as an "alliance chief" to increase his own prestige. He defused a tense stand off between the Shinnecock tribe and the colonists, over the killing of a female colonists (which was itself done in retaliation for the murder of a Shinnecock Indian earlier). As a result, he acquired

1943-449: The early "cottages" was Tick Hall , later owned in the late 20th century by TV figure Dick Cavett . It burned in 1993, but Cavett had it restored. He had the process filmed for a television documentary. Corbin had industrial ambitions associated with extending the train to Montauk. He thought a new port city would develop around the train station on Fort Pond Bay, and that oceangoing ships from Europe would dock there. Passengers could take

2010-517: The estate was released in 2006.) Jacqueline's aunt and uncle, Winifred Lee and Franklin d'Olier , continued to own the Lily Pond Lane home of her maternal grandparents until 2002. The Bouvier family cemetery plot is at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery on Cedar Street. Jackie's father, maternal grandmother, paternal grandparents, and paternal great-grandparents, as well as various relatives, including Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale, are buried in

2077-644: The eviction of the Montaukket Native Americans there. Benson brought in architect Stanford White to design six "cottages", mansions near Ditch Plains in Montauk. They formed the Montauk Association to govern their exclusive neighborhood. With new access to the village of East Hampton from New York, wealthy families ventured east from Southampton and built mansions in East Hampton. The Maidstone Golf Club opened in 1891. Among

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2144-418: The far South, where he broke through the ice shelf to become the first person to touch East Antarctica . The Town of East Hampton is still highly influenced by maritime businesses, including tourism. It attracts large summer crowds of residents and tourists. Montauk is New York state's largest fishing port. The Town is famed for its commercial sports fishing, made particularly famous by Frank Mundus . One of

2211-515: The fine being somewhat reduced. His other activities involved certifying land sales, making such sales himself and resolving disputes over deeds and payments. Eventually, the English colonists accepted that any such transfer of land had to first be approved by Wyandanch. In late 1658 Wyandanch let an English colonists, Jeremy Daily, use his canoe (which may have been up to 40 feet (12 m) long) to transport goods across Long Island sound, in exchange for Daily carrying out some repairs on it prior to

2278-514: The first English settlers in East Hampton were John Hand, Thomas Talmage, Daniel Howe, Thomas Thomson, John Mulford, William Hedges, Ralph Dayton, Thomas Chatfield and Thomas Osborn. The Mulford Farmhouse , on James Lane, is the best-preserved 17th-century English colonial house in East Hampton. The barn dates to 1721, and the complex is operated as a living museum . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The house

2345-413: The grand sachem Poggaticut , sold an island to English colonist Lion Gardiner for "a large black dog, some powder and shot, and a few Dutch blankets." The next trade involved the land extending from present-day Southampton to the foot of the bluffs, at what is now Hither Hills State Park , for 24 hatchets , 24 coats, 20 looking glasses and 100 muxes . In 1660, Chief Wyandanch's widow signed away

2412-567: The incorporated village of Sag Harbor . East Hampton is located on a peninsula , bordered on the south by the Atlantic Ocean , to the east by Block Island Sound and to the north by Gardiners Bay , Napeague Bay and Fort Pond Bay . To the west is western Long Island, reaching to the East River and New York City. The Town has eight state parks, most located at the water's edge. The town consists of 70 square miles (180 km ) and stretches nearly 25 miles (40 km), from Wainscott in

2479-590: The island as a wholly contained colony, independent of both New York and Connecticut. It kept that status until after the American Revolution, when it came under New York State and the Town of East Hampton authority. On June 12, 1640, nine Puritan families from Lynn, Massachusetts landed at what is now known as Conscience Point, in Southampton; some later migrated to present-day East Hampton. Among

2546-462: The land filed for reimbursement from the colony for the rum with which they had plied the tribe during negotiations. Gradually, however, colonists stopped the Montaukett using the land by preventing them from hunting and fishing. They were said to interfere with the crops on their farms, in a conflict similar to the later farmer-rancher arguments of the Old West. Many of the Montaukett died during

2613-405: The larger Pequot people. Montaukett artifacts and sweat lodges are visible from trails at Theodore Roosevelt County Park . The park was formerly called Montauk County Park. East Hampton was the first English settlement in the state of New York. In 1639 Lion Gardiner purchased land, what became known as Gardiner's Island , from the Montaukett people. In 1648 a royal British charter recognized

2680-538: The largest buildings in the town is the Promised Land fish meal factory at Napeague. First Ladies Julia Gardiner Tyler and Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis spent their childhoods there. Theodore Roosevelt was briefly quarantined in Montauk, at Camp Wyckoff, after returning from the Spanish–American War. Bill and Hillary Clinton spent week-long summer vacations in 1998 and 1999. Julia Gardiner

2747-410: The names of their geographic locations but did not constitute distinct peoples. In the late-17th century Chief Wyandanch of the Montaukett negotiated with English colonists for the land in the East Hampton area. The differing concepts held by the Montaukett and English about land and its use contributed to the Montaukett losing most of their lands over the ensuing centuries. Wyandanch's elder brother,

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2814-532: The north. He bought the former Benson property for $ 2.5 million (it was sold as surplus government property following the end of World War I ). He built the six-story Montauk Improvement Building in downtown Montauk (which is still the town's tallest occupied structure—as subsequent zoning has forbidden highrise structures), the Montauk Manor (which was a luxury hotel), dredged Lake Montauk and opened it to Block Island Sound to support his Montauk Yacht Club and

2881-463: The paper in 1890 when Edward S. Boughton became publisher. It stayed in that family until 1935 when the Rattray family under Arnold E. Rattray began publishing it. Five members of the Rattray family have run the paper: Arnold, Jeannette, Everett (their son), Helen S. Rattray (who has been publisher since 1980) and David E. Rattray, the current editor. Jennifer Landes is the arts editor. The broadsheet

2948-413: The release of the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens , which explored the lives of her aunt, Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale , and cousin, Edith Bouvier Beale . They were revealed to be living in poverty in a mansion of that name. Jacqueline and her husband Aristotle Onassis donated money to improve the lives of her relatives. (The documentary was adapted as a Broadway musical of the same name. A documentary on

3015-401: The rest of the land from present-day Hither Hills to the tip of Montauk Point for 100 pounds, to be paid in 10 equal installments of " Indian corn or good wampum at six to a penny". The sales provided that the Montaukett were permitted to stay on the land, to hunt and fish at will, and to harvest the tails and fins of whales that beached on the East Hampton shores. Town officials who bought

3082-470: The right to manage and sell Shinnecock land as his own, although he was also made responsible for preventing Shinnecock attacks on the colonists and other tribes. Soon after the sachem of the Niantics, Ninigret, tried to assassinate the chief of the Shinnecocks, Mandush , for his having made an alliance with Wyandanch. However, the would-be assassin was captured before he could carry out his orders and

3149-542: The second half of the 1650s, Wyandanch had acquired enough power and influence to be considered the main "alliance chief" on Long Island by the colonists. He acted as an intermediary between English colonists and the Native Americans; he defused a tense situation between the colonists and some Shinnecocks who had been accused of arson. After the Shinnecocks were ordered to pay an outrageous fine for restitution Wyandanch filed an appeal on their behalf which resulted in

3216-547: The shipment. After arriving on Gardiners Island , Daily failed to properly care for the boat and in subsequent bad weather it became damaged. As a result, Wyandanch sued Daily in colonial court, in what was one of the earliest trials with an English defendant and a Native American plaintiff in the history of the English colonies in North America. Wyandanch won his case and Daily had to pay him ten shillings for damages and additional fines for court fees. In 1659, he deeded

3283-412: The spring of that year, the couple relocated to the region referred to as Northwest or Alewife Brook Neck, located approximately six miles north of East Hampton Village. This Northwest "Ghost town" settlement during the mid 1800s saw development due to Northwest Harbor, later it was deemed too shallow for deep draft ships and the harbor moved to Sag Harbor , leading to the settlements demise. East Hampton

3350-451: The time of European contact, East Hampton was home to the Pequot people , part of the culture that also occupied territory on the northern side of Long Island Sound, in what is now Connecticut of southern New England. They belong to the large Algonquian -speaking language family. Bands on Long Island were identified by their geographic locations. The historical people known to the colonists as

3417-518: The time of the pilgrims' arrival at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts. While still young, in the second half of the 1630s Wyandanch heard about the almost total destruction of the Pequot in the Pequot War . He concluded that it was best to come to an understanding with the English colonists in southern New England and on Long Island. Throughout most of the mid-17th century, Wyandanch

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3484-582: The town of East-Hampton". Sons of Rev. Peter Hobart, founding minister of Old Ship Church in Hingham, Massachusetts , Josiah Hobart and his brother Joshua both migrated to Long Island with their families. Josiah Hobart settled in East Hampton, where he served as High Sheriff of Suffolk County. His brother Joshua, a minister, went to Southold , where he served the town for 45 years. Isaac Van Scoy from Amagansett wed Mercy Edwards in February 1757, and during

3551-596: The train into New York City–thus saving a day in transit. The grand plans for Montauk did not pan out. The land was sold to the United States Army. Theodore Roosevelt made a much publicized visit to Camp Wyckoff there at the end of the Spanish–American War . In 1926, Carl G. Fisher intended to revive the dream of an urban Montauk, with plans to develop it as a destination, the Miami Beach of

3618-516: The tribes sachems and Wyandanch's own daughter. Soon, however, a peace settlement was reached and the captives released, though the exact terms of the agreement are uncertain. According to Ninigret, Wyandanch swore allegiance to him, agreed to pay tribute and allowed the Niantic chief to sell his land. Wyandanch however claimed that he had simply paid ransom for the captives, through the intermediation of Lion Gardiner. Additionally, Roger Williams gave

3685-726: The war and the capital of Virginia. Her father and one of her sons are buried in the South End Burial Ground in East Hampton. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was born at Southampton Hospital on July 28, 1929. She would have been born in New York City but she was six weeks late. Her parents, Janet Norton Lee and John Vernou Bouvier III , known as "Black Jack," were staying at Lasata , the East Hampton home of her paternal grandfather, Major John Vernou Bouvier Jr. Her parents had been married at St. Philomena's Catholic Church in East Hampton on July 7, 1928. The reception

3752-428: The west to Montauk Point in the east. It is approximately six miles (10 km) wide at its widest point and less than one mile at its narrowest. The town has jurisdiction over Gardiners Island , which is one of the largest privately owned islands in the United States. The town has 70 miles (110 km) of shoreline. This area had been inhabited for thousands of years by wandering tribes of indigenous peoples . At

3819-464: The whaling industry dropped off dramatically because of the rise of alternative fuel products. Among the sea captains of Sag Harbor were ancestors of politician Howard Dean , who was born in East Hampton. The most famous voyages out of Sag Harbor were those by Mercator Cooper . In 1845 he was on an American ship that picked up shipwrecked Japanese sailors in the Bonin Islands and returned them to Tokyo . In 1853 Cooper traveled with an expedition to

3886-471: The years the Montaukett intermarried with other peoples of the area, but brought up many of their descendants as Montaukett in their culture. When Arthur W. Benson brought a government auction of Montauk, New York , in which he bought nearly the entire east end of the town, he evicted the Montaukett. They relocated to Freetown , a community established by free people of color on the northern edge of East Hampton Village. The tribe made several attempts to get

3953-566: Was born on Gardiners Island and her father had a house in East Hampton village. On February 28, 1844, she and her father, David Gardiner , were part of the Presidential party aboard the USS ; Princeton when a malfunctioning cannon exploded. Her father and two Cabinet officers were killed. According to legend Julia fainted into the arms of President John Tyler (who had earlier lost his first wife). They married four months later, creating

4020-482: Was built in 1680 for Josiah Hobart, a prominent early settler, named in the first formal deed of conveyance of East Hampton. This was known as the East-Hampton Pattent or Dongan Patent . The 1686 instrument granting the Town of East Hampton to its new proprietors was signed by Thomas Dongan , then Governor of New York. The patent named Capt. Hobart one of "Trustees of the freeholders and commonalty of

4087-610: Was developed originally for agriculture, the settlers soon discovered that whales frequently beached along the South shore of the town. The whales could be carved up for food and oil. Town laws were written to regulate the proper handling of such carcasses. As the demand for whale products grew, residents became more aggressive in their harvesting techniques. No longer content to settle for harvesting beached whales, they began harvesting live whales that were coming near shore. Northwest Harbor, located at Northwest Landing on Gardiner's Bay,

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4154-554: Was executed by Wyandanch and Mandush, who then burned his body as an insult to the Niantic leader. Ninigret attempted to get revenge starting in 1652, after the outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch War . After getting a tacit promise from the English colonial authorities (according to Roger Williams ) that they would not intervene in a Niantic-Montaukett war, Ninigret attacked a Montaukett settlement, killed thirty men and carried off fourteen prisoners, among whom were two of

4221-497: Was held at the East Hampton village home of her maternal grandparents, James T. Lee and Margaret Lee, located on Lily Pond. Her family were members of the Maidstone Club . She and her younger sister, Lee Bouvier , spent their summers at the house in East Hampton until she was 10, when her parents divorced. Her connection to East Hampton received renewed national attention in the 1970s. It was covered in news reports following

4288-507: Was involved in a three-way political, and occasionally military, struggle against the famous Mohegan sachem Uncas and the Niantic sachem Ninigret . Acting with the support of the colonists, Wyandanch was able to resist the Native American pressures. He kept his tribe in relation to the colonists. Wyandanch was credited by Lion Gardiner with being the sachem who prevented a rebellion by Miantonomoh (sometimes spelled as Miantonomi) of

4355-537: Was later changed to "Easthampton", reflecting the geographic names of its neighbors, Southampton and Westhampton. In 1885 the name was split into two words, after the local newspaper the East Hampton Star began using the two-word name. "Maidstone" is frequently used in place names throughout the town, including the Maidstone Golf Club . Deep Hollow Ranch , established in 1658 in Montauk,

4422-453: Was the third Connecticut settlement on the East end of Long Island. East Hampton formally united with Connecticut in 1657. Long Island was formally declared to be part of New York (and also subject to English law) by Charles II of England after four British frigates captured what is today New York City , releasing East Hampton from its Connecticut governance. East Hampton was first called Maidstone, after Maidstone , Kent, England . The name

4489-562: Was the town's first harbor. The harbor turned out to be too shallow for large ships, so a larger port was developed two miles (3 km) West, at Sag Harbor. Some accounts say that it was named because of its relation to the settlement of Sagaponack, New York in the Town of Southampton. At the peak of the whaling industry, in 1847, some 60 whale ships were based in Sag Harbor, employing 800 men in related businesses. Herman Melville made numerous references to this village in his novel, Moby-Dick . The port rivaled that of New York. After 1847

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