The following list of horse and pony breeds includes standardized breeds, some strains within breeds that are considered distinct populations, types of horses with common characteristics that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are sometimes described as such, and terms that describe groupings of several breeds with similar characteristics.
57-1318: (Redirected from Tiger Horse ) This is a list of horse breeds usually considered to originate or have developed in Canada and the United States. Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those countries. Name Other names Notes Image Alberta Wild Horse [REDACTED] American Bashkir Curly American Curly Horse North American Curly Horse [REDACTED] American Belgian Draft [REDACTED] American Cream Draft [REDACTED] American Crème Horse American Drum Horse American Indian Horse [REDACTED] American Miniature Horse [REDACTED] American Paint Horse Paint Horse [REDACTED] American Quarter Horse Quarter Horse [REDACTED] American Saddlebred [REDACTED] American Shetland Pony [REDACTED] American Sorraia Mustang of Iberian origin, in
114-403: A designer crossbred . For the purposes of this list, certain groups of horses that have an organization or registry that records individual animals for breeding purposes, at least in some nations, but does not clearly fall to either the breed or type categories are listed here. This list does not include organizations that record horses strictly for competition purposes. A "type" of horse is not
171-611: A bloated appearance, a consequence of water retention caused by the body's effort to maintain osmotic balance . The National Park Service (NPS) is concerned about the impact of Bankers on the environmental health of North Carolina's barrier islands. Initially, the NPS believed that the introduced Banker horses would completely consume the Spartina alterniflora grasses and the maritime forests, as both were thought to be essential to their survival. Research in 1987 provided information on
228-518: A breed but is used here to categorize groups of horses or horse breeds that are similar in appearance ( phenotype ) or use. A type usually has no breed registry , and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of studbook selection for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or
285-406: A breed, a crossbreed, or a "type”, depending on the stage of breed recognition. In some cultures and for some competition-sanctioning organizations, a horse that normally matures less than about 145 cm or 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm) when fully grown may be classified as a " pony ". However, unless the principal breed registry or breed standard describes the breed as a pony, it
342-647: A grouping may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use. Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for Horses in the Middle Ages did not refer to breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included: Many breeds of horse have become extinct , either because they have died out, or because they have been absorbed into another breed: Banker horse The Banker horse
399-511: A permanent, isolated area for such a large number of Bankers was a challenging task for the Foundation; eight days later the state declared all proposed locations for the herd unsuitable. It ordered the euthanization of the 76 infected horses. Two more horses died in the process—one that was fatally injured during the roundup, and an uninfected foal that slipped into the quarantined herd to be with its mother. Feral horse populations in
456-660: A preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse , the Cleveland Bay , the Appaloosa , and the American Paint Horse . The best-known "color breed" registries that accept horses from many different breeds are for the following colors: The distinction is hotly debated between a standardized breed, a developing breed with an open studbook , a registry of recognized crossbred horses, and
513-472: A result, some Banker horses have been crossed with the Carolina Marsh Tacky , Mustang , Spanish Mustang , and other Colonial Spanish horse breeds . Since 1959, Bankers on Ocracoke Island have been confined to fenced areas of approximately 180 acres (0.73 km ; 0.28 sq mi). The areas protect the horses from the traffic of North Carolina Highway 12 , as well as safeguarding
570-563: A route that brought them within 20 miles (32 km) of the Outer Banks. Hidden shoals claimed many victims, and earned this region the name of " Graveyard of the Atlantic ". At least eight shipwrecks discovered in the area are of Spanish origin, dating between 1528 and 1564. These ships sank close enough to land for the horses to have made the shores. Alternatively, during hazardous weather, ships may have taken refuge close to shore, where
627-2034: A single foundation stallion named Little Blaze. Camarillo White Horse Canadian Canadian Pacer Canadian Pinto Canadian Rustic Pony Canadian Sport Horse Canadian Warmblood Carolina Marsh Tacky Marsh Tacky Cerbat Mustang Cherokee Horse Chickasaw Chincoteague Pony Assateague Horse Choctaw Horse Colonial Spanish Colorado Ranger Conestoga Horse extinct Cumberland Island Horse Florida Cracker Horse Galiceño Kanata Pony Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse Kiger Mustang Lac La Croix Indian Pony Lac La Croix Pony Lac La Croix Indigenous Pony Ojibwe Pony Missouri Fox Trotter Morab Morgan Morocco Spotted Mountain Pleasure Horse Moyle Ranch and endurance horse, bred in Utah by Rex Moyle from Colonial Spanish and Cleveland Bay stock Mustang American Mustang Narragansett Pacer extinct National Show Horse Nemaiah Valley Horse Newfoundland Pony Nez Perce Horse Nokota North American Sportpony American Sport Pony Pony of
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#1732782714070684-415: A substantial ecological impact in native upland and riparian plant communities. The study recommended a longer-term environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the response of soil, vegetation, and wildlife to free-roaming-horse exclusion in order to better understand the magnitude of these effects. However, the study's authors also noted that magnitude of horse effects will likely vary substantially across
741-483: Is a breed of semi-feral or feral horse ( Equus ferus caballus ) living on barrier islands in North Carolina 's Outer Banks . It is small, hardy, and has a docile temperament, and is genetically related to the Carolina Marsh Tacky of South Carolina and Florida Cracker Horse breeds through their shared Colonial Spanish horse and Iberian horse descent. The current population of wild Banker horses
798-429: Is a limiting resource for Bankers, as the islands are surrounded by salt water and have no freshwater springs or permanent ponds. The horses are dependent on ephemeral pools of rainwater and moisture in the vegetation they consume. Bankers will dig shallow holes, ranging from 2.5 to 4 feet (0.76 to 1.22 m) in depth, to reach fresh groundwater. Occasionally, they may resort to drinking seawater. This gives them
855-969: Is a registry for Colonial Spanish horses; eligible horses stand 140–150 cm and may be of any color [REDACTED] Spanish Mustang Spanish Norman [REDACTED] Spotted Saddle Horse National Spotted Saddle Horse Standardbred American Standardbred American Trotter Sulphur Tennessee Walking Horse Tiger Horse A gaited, leopard-spotted riding horse, bred from Appaloosa , Paso Fino and Colonial Spanish stock; height 147–152 cm Virginia Highlander Walkaloosa derives from Tennessee Walking Horse and Appaloosa , displays leopard spots and ambling gait Welara Wilbur-Cruce References [ edit ] ^ Breed data sheet: Canada: Horse . Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of
912-437: Is broad, and the facial profile tends to be straight or slightly convex. In terms of conformation , the chest is typically deep and narrow, and the back is short, with a sloped croup and low-set tail. Legs have an oval-shaped cannon bone , a trait considered indicative of "strong bone", or soundness. Calluses known as chestnuts are small, on some so tiny that they are barely detectable. Most Bankers have no chestnuts on
969-447: Is estimated to be about 400. Bankers are allowed to remain on the islands due to their historical significance even though they can trample plants and ground-nesting animals and are not considered to be indigenous . They survive by grazing on marsh grasses, which supply them with water as well as food, supplemented by temporary freshwater pools. To prevent overpopulation and inbreeding, and to protect their habitat from being overgrazed,
1026-404: Is generally defined as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations. Its members may be called purebred . In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry . The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as open stud books are created for recording pedigrees of horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries are considered
1083-446: Is listed in this section, even if some or all representatives are small or have some pony characteristics. Ponies are listed in the § Pony breeds section below. If a breed is described as a "pony" by the breed standard or principal breed registry, it is listed in this section, even if some individuals have horse characteristics. All other breeds are listed in the § Horse breeds section above. (Because of this designation by
1140-526: Is that Sir Richard Grenville brought horses to the islands in 1585 during an attempt to establish an English naval base. All five of the expedition's vessels ran aground at Wococon (present-day Ocracoke ). Documents indicate that the ships carried various types of livestock obtained through trade in Hispaniola, including "mares, kyne [cattle], buls, goates, swine [and] sheep." While the smaller vessels were easily refloated, one of Grenville's larger ships,
1197-428: Is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have
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#17327827140701254-631: Is thought that the Bankers arrived on the barrier islands during the 16th century. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the horses' origins, but none have yet been fully verified. One theory is that ancestors of the Banker swam ashore from wrecked Spanish galleons . Ships returning to Spain from the Americas often took advantage of both the Gulf Stream and continental trade winds , on
1311-1041: The Colonial Spanish horse group; no connection to the Sorraia has been demonstrated [REDACTED] American Spotted American Spotted Paso American Thoroughbred Thoroughbred derives directly from the British Thoroughbred ; some lines and some coat colors would not be eligible for registration in the General Stud Book [REDACTED] American Walking Pony American Warmblood [REDACTED] American White Horse Appaloosa [REDACTED] Baca-Chica Banker Blazer Modern breed of riding horse , bred particularly for ranch work ; developed by Neil Hinck of Star, Idaho , from
1368-632: The Currituck Banks were deliberately culled by hunters in the late 1930s. As a consequence of development in Corolla and Sandbridge during the 1980s, the remaining horses in the northern Outer Banks came into contact with humans more frequently. This proved to be dangerous and sometimes fatal for the horses. By 1989, eleven Bankers had been killed by cars on the newly constructed Highway 12, and several others in Sandbridge. That same year,
1425-556: The Santee River in South Carolina ) failed, forcing the colonists to move, possibly to North Carolina. Vázquez de Ayllón and about 450 of the original 600 colonists subsequently died as a result of desertion, disease, and an early frost. Lacking effective leadership, the new settlement lasted for only two months; the survivors abandoned the colony and fled to Hispaniola , leaving their horses behind. A similar theory
1482-545: The Tiger , was nearly destroyed. Scholars believe that as the crew attempted to lighten the ship, they either unloaded the horses or forced them overboard, letting them swim to shore. In a letter to Sir Francis Walsingham that same year, Grenville suggested that livestock survived on the island after the grounding of his ships. About 400 Bankers inhabit the long, narrow barrier islands of North Carolina's Outer Banks. These islands are offshore sediment deposits separated from
1539-2049: The Americas Pryor Mountain mustang Quarab Quarter Pony Racking Horse Rocky Mountain Horse Sable Island Spanish Jennet Horse Spanish Barb Spanish Mustang Spanish Norman Spotted Saddle Horse Standardbred Tennessee Walking Horse Tiger Virginia Highlander Welara Extinct Canadian Pacer Chickasaw Conestoga Horse Narragansett Pacer List of horse breeds v t e Horses by region Articles Botswana British Isles Cameroon China Cuba Denmark France Breton Brittany Normandy Germany Greece Iran Jamaica Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Morocco Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Slovenia Sudan Togo United States Lists of breeds Africa Belgium Brazil British Isles Central Asia Czech Republic Ethiopia France Germany Greece Iberia India Indonesia Italy Japan North America Poland Russia Switzerland Ukraine List of horse breeds [REDACTED] Category Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_North_American_horse_breeds&oldid=1245526078 " Categories : Lists of North American domestic animal breeds Horse breeds originating in Canada Horse breeds originating in
1653-731: The Banker horses. In the 19th and 20th centuries, they were considered an important economic commodity, and regular roundups were held on the islands, called pony pennings . The Bankers were auctioned off to buyers from the mainland. In the 1920s, over 5,000 Banker horses ran wild on the Outer Banks of North Carolina . Today, only two herds remain in the wild: The Corollas and the Shacklefords , with an estimated population of about 400 horses. There are less than 100 Banker horses still remaining on Ocracoke, and many Banker horses face issues with low genetic diversity and inbreeding . As
1710-563: The Corolla Wild Horse Fund, a nonprofit organization, was created to protect the horses from human interference. As a result of its efforts, the remainder of the herd was moved to a more remote part of Currituck Banks, where they were fenced into 1,800 acres (7.28 km ; 2.81 sq mi) of combined federal and privately donated land between Corolla and the Virginia /North Carolina line. Corolla commissioners declared
1767-588: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2019. ^ Judith Dutson (2005). Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America . North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. ISBN 9781580176132 . ^ Wolf Schneider (Spring 1993). The Horses Called Spanish Barbs . El Palacio . 98 : 34-49. Archived 9 May 2016. v t e Horse breeds of Canada and
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1824-820: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2019. ^ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944 . ^ Horses: North American Breeds . Pittsboro, North Carolina: The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 2 October 2023. ^ Breed data sheet: United States of America: Horse . Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of
1881-543: The National Park Service and another qualified nonprofit entity (currently the Foundation for Shackleford Horses). The herd is limited to 120–130 horses. Population management is achieved through adoption and by administering the contraceptive vaccine Porcine zona pellucida (PZP) to individual mares via dart. The island's horse population is monitored by freeze branding numbers onto each animal's left hindquarter. The identification of individuals allows
1938-539: The National Park Service to ensure correct gender ratios and to select which mares to inject with PZP. Since 2000, adoptions of Bankers from Shackleford have been managed by the Foundation for Shackleford Horses. As of 2007, 56 horses had found new homes, 10 resided with another herd on Cedar Island , and two had been moved to the Ocracoke herd. On November 12, 1996, the Shackleford horses were rounded up by
1995-501: The North Carolina Department of Agriculture's Veterinary Division and tested for equine infectious anemia (EIA). EIA is a potentially lethal disease, a lentivirus transmitted by bodily fluids and insects. Seventy-six of the 184 captured horses tested positive. Those that tested negative were allowed to remain on the island and those with the disease were transported to a temporary quarantine facility. Finding
2052-469: The Sanctuary until the 1940s. It is unclear whether the Bankers swam over from nearby Shackleford or were left by residents who had used the islands to graze livestock. They are owned and managed by the state of North Carolina and regarded as a cultural resource. No management action was taken until the late 1980s and early 1990s, when after years of flourishing population, the island's carrying capacity
2109-1842: The United States These are the horse breeds considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those countries. Contemporary Alberta Wild Horse American Bashkir Curly American Belgian Draft American Cream Draft American Crème Horse American Drum Horse American Indian Horse American Miniature Horse American Paint Horse American Quarter Horse American Saddlebred American Shetland Pony American Sorraia Mustang American Spotted American Spotted Paso American Walking Pony American Warmblood American White Horse Appaloosa Assateague Pony Banker Blazer Camarillo White Horse Canadian Canadian Pinto Canadian Rustic Pony Canadian Sport Horse Canadian Warmblood Carolina Marsh Tacky Cerbat mustang Cherokee Horse Chincoteague Pony Choctaw Horse Colonial Spanish Colorado Ranger Cumberland Island Florida Cracker Horse Kanata Pony Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse Kiger mustang Lac La Croix Indian Pony Missouri Fox Trotter Morab Morgan Morocco Spotted Mountain Pleasure Horse Mustang National Show Horse Newfoundland Nez Perce Horse Nokota North American Sportpony Pony of
2166-476: The United States Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use list-defined references from September 2015 All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from October 2023 List of horse breeds While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed", a breed
2223-614: The United States Lifesaving Service used horses for beach watches and rescues. In addition to carrying park rangers on patrols, the horses hauled equipment to and from shipwreck sites. During World War II, the Coast Guard used them for patrols. In the 1980s, Bankers were used for beach duty at Cape Hatteras National Seashore . In 1955, ten horses were taken from the Ocracoke herd as a project for Mounted Boy Scout Troop 290 . After taming and branding
2280-530: The authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of " color breed ", sport horse , and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there the trait is not a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, or are recording designer crossbreds . Such animals may be classified here as
2337-507: The breed also indicates Spanish ancestry. A 2011 DNA study of the Banker horse found that it had very low heterozygosity and low mean number of alleles (29), similarly to the Florida Cracker Horse population, which was also shown to have a heterozygosity deficit. The study also showed evidence of DNA similarity of the Banker horse, Carolina Marsh Tacky , and Florida Cracker Horse populations to Iberian breeds . Of
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2394-436: The hind legs. The coat can be any color , but is most often brown , bay , dun , or chestnut . Bankers have long-strided gaits , and many are able to pace and amble . They are easy keepers , and many tend to be hardy, friendly, and docile. Several of the Bankers' characteristics indicate that they share ancestry with other Colonial Spanish horse breeds. The presence of the genetic marker "Q-ac" suggests that
2451-504: The horses are managed by the National Park Service , the state of North Carolina, and several private organizations. The horses are monitored for diseases, such as equine infectious anemia , an outbreak of which was discovered and subsequently eliminated on Shackleford in 1996. They are safeguarded from traffic on North Carolina Highway 12 . Island populations are limited by adoptions and by birth control. Bankers taken from
2508-419: The horses may have been turned loose. However, the presence of horses on Spanish treasure ships has not been confirmed—cargo space was primarily intended for transporting riches such as gold and silver. Another conjecture is that the breed is descended from the 89 horses brought to the islands in 1526 by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón . His attempted colonization of San Miguel de Gualdape (near
2565-584: The horses share common ancestry with two other breeds of Spanish descent , the Pryor Mountain Mustang and Paso Fino . These breeds diverged from one another 400 years ago. The breed shares skeletal traits of other Colonial Spanish horses: the wings of the atlas are lobed, rather than semicircular; and they are short-backed, with some individuals possessing five instead of six lumbar vertebrae . No changes in function result from these spinal differences. The convex facial profile common to
2622-561: The horses' hooves . Banker horses - an introduced species - pose a threat to native ground-nesting animals, such as sea turtles and shorebirds . Feral horses interrupt nesting activities and can crush the young. A 2019 study, citing earlier studies from 2014 and 2017, also found that free-roaming Banker horses also appear to cause some environmental issues by directly affecting other wild species. This included Banker horses potentially limiting these native species ' access to water sources, and that not managing Banker horses increased
2679-437: The horses' diet that suggested otherwise. Half of their diet consisted of Spartina , while only 4% of their nutrients came from the maritime forest. The study concluded that sufficient nutrients were replenished with each ocean tide to prevent a decline in vegetative growth from overgrazing . A 2004 study declared that the greatest impact on plant life was not from grazing, but from the damage plants sustained when trampled by
2736-536: The island from overgrazing. The NPS, the authority managing the Ocracoke herd, supplements the horses' diet with additional hay and grain. In 2006, as a precaution against inbreeding, two fillies from the Shackleford herd were transported to Ocracoke. Public Law 105-229, commonly referred to as the Shackleford Banks Wild Horses Protection Act, states that the Bankers on Shackleford Island are to be jointly managed by
2793-453: The landscape, because horse use intensity and frequency is variable. The ecological effects of free-roaming horses were recommended to be considered in restoration and nature conservation plans for native species . The study noted that some restoration and conservation goals may not be achievable in areas that free-roaming horses occupy, and should therefore not be attempted, because resources would be wasted. The study's final recommendation
2850-848: The mainland by a body of water such as an estuary or sound. The islands can be up to 30 miles (48 km) from the shore; most are less than one mile (1.6 km) wide. Vegetation is sparse and consists mainly of coarse grasses and a few stunted trees. Each island in the chain is separated from the next by a tidal inlet . The Bankers' small stature can be attributed, in part, to limited nutrients in their diet. They graze mostly on Spartina grasses but will feed on other plants such as bulrush ( Typha latifolia ), sea oats , and even poison ivy . Horses living closer to human habitation, such as those on Currituck Banks , have sometimes grazed on residential lawns and landscaping. Domesticated Bankers raised on manufactured horse feed from an early age tend to exhibit slightly larger frames. Fresh water
2907-430: The preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse breeds are listed as "horses", not ponies.) There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called " color breeds ", because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor
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#17327827140702964-589: The risk of soil erosion in both riparian and upland plant communities. This was found to decrease ecosystem productivity and function at some sites, and that unrestricted free-roaming horses may, over time, cause stream channel incision and a drop in the water table in riparian areas, particularly if the banks were made unstable by a loss of deep-rooted plant species. The study also found that soil compaction from unrestricted free-roaming-horse use likely limits herbaceous vegetation , because soil compaction can restrict water infiltration and root growth, thereby having
3021-636: The site a horse sanctuary. The population is now managed by adopting out yearlings , both fillies and gelded colts. Conflicts over the preservation of the horses continued into 2012. In 2013, legislation was introduced to help preserve the herd on Currituck. A herd lives on the Rachel Carson component of the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve, a series of five small islands and several salt marshes. There were no horses at
3078-744: The three, the Banker horse was shown to most closely genetically resemble the original Colonial Spanish horse . The Foundation for Shackleford Horses has set up a studbook for establishing the Banker horse as its own horse breed ; as such, it is registered as a critically endangered breed with the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy . Some Banker horses have also been accepted into the Mustang breed registry. Since they are free-roaming, Bankers are often referred to as "wild" horses ; however, because they descend from domesticated ancestors, they are feral horses . It
3135-586: The wild and trained have been used for trail riding , driving , and occasionally for mounted patrols. In June 2010, the Banker horse ("Colonial Spanish Mustang ") was made the official state horse of North Carolina . The typical Banker horse is relatively small, standing between 13.0 and 14.3 hands (52 and 59 inches, 132 and 150 cm) high at the withers and weighing 800 to 1,000 pounds (360 to 450 kg). Other sources list them as taller, standing between 14.0 and 15.2 hands (56 and 62 inches, 142 and 157 cm) high. The forehead
3192-411: Was exceeded. Malnourishment caused by overcrowding resulted in the deaths of several horses; the reserve's staff instituted a birth control program to restrict the herd to about 40 animals. Adopted Bankers are often used for pleasure riding and driving . As they have a calm disposition, they are used as children's mounts. The breed has also been used in several mounted patrols. Before 1915,
3249-453: Was more management of free-roaming Banker horse populations to reduce their negative impact. As the Bankers are seen as a part of North Carolina's coastal heritage, they have been allowed to remain on the barrier islands. To cope with the expanding population, prevent inbreeding and attempt to minimize environmental damage, several organizations partner in managing the herds. North Carolina 's early economic development depended heavily on
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