Misplaced Pages

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35-698: A Northern Paiute word for the Truckee is Kuyuinahukwa. Kuyui- refers to the Cui-ui , a species of fish endemic to Pyramid Lake which is central to the lives of the Northern Paiute band called the Kuyui Dükadü (cui-ui-fish-eaters). In the Washo language , different parts of the river have different names. Two names, ‘Át’abi wá’t’a and Á’waku wá’t’a translate to "trout stream." The latter name refers to

70-754: Is about 3,060 square miles (7,900 km), of which about 2,300 square miles (6,000 km) are in Nevada. The Middle Watershed is regarded as the 15 miles (24 km) of river and its tributaries from Tahoe City in Placer County , through the Town of Truckee in Nevada County , to the state line between Sierra and Washoe counties. The major tributaries to the Truckee River in California from

105-613: Is also supplied to the resort communities surrounding Lake Tahoe, the greater metropolitan area of Reno and Sparks, and the Pyramid Lake Paiute Indian Reservation. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses some of the water to induce spawning of the endangered fish cui-ui and to provide drought relief. Beavers were re-introduced to the Truckee River watershed and Tahoe Basin by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and

140-404: Is for a catch rate of one to two fish per hour in the Truckee. To accomplish this, NDOW stocks a total of 105,000 trout per year. 70,000 of those are native Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) and the rest are non-native Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). The Truckee also boasts a healthy, self-sustaining non-native Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) population. Because of

175-530: Is highly variable, and its phonemes have many allophones. Northern Paiute is an agglutinative language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together. This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Newlands Reclamation Act The Reclamation Act (also known as

210-609: The Lowlands Reclamation Act or National Reclamation Act ) of 1902 ( Pub. L.   57–161 ) is a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 17 states in the American West . The act at first covered only 16 of the western states, as delineated by the 100th meridian, as Texas had no federal lands. Texas was added later by a special act passed in 1906. The act set aside money from sales of semi-arid public lands for

245-652: The Smithsonian Institution in preparation for the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 , he reported that the northern Paiute wrapped their hair in strips of beaver fur, made medicine from parts of beaver and that their creation legend included beaver. In addition, fur trapper Stephen Hall Meek "set his traps on the Truckee River in 1833", which strongly suggests that he saw a beaver or beaver sign. Supporting this line of evidence, Tappe records in 1941 an eyewitness who said beaver were plentiful on

280-448: The U. S. Forest Service between 1934 and 1949 in order to prevent stream degradation and to promote wetland restoration. That beaver were once native to the area is supported by the fact that the Washo have a word for beaver, c'imhélhel and the northern Paiute of Walker Lake , Honey Lake and Pyramid Lake have a word for beaver su-i'-tu-ti-kut'-teh . When Stephen Powers visited the northern Paiute to collect Indian materials for

315-827: The Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. It is closely related to the Mono language . In 2005, the Northwest Indian Language Institute of the University of Oregon formed a partnership to teach Northern Paiute and Kiksht in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation schools. In 2013, Washoe County, Nevada became the first school district in Nevada to offer Northern Paiute classes, offering an elective course in

350-645: The Department of the Interior and George H. Maxwell, head of the National Reclamation Association. Conflict emerged over whether reclamation efforts ought to occur at the state level or at the federal level . President Theodore Roosevelt supported the national effort and assembled the legislative alliances that made passage of the act possible. After several years of effort, the resulting act passed on June 17, 1902. The 1902 act

385-651: The Lake Tahoe outlet and heading downstream include: Bear Creek , Squaw Creek, Cabin Creek, Pole Creek, Donner Creek , Trout Creek, Martis Creek , Prosser Creek, the Little Truckee River, Gray Creek, and Bronco Creek. Major lakes and reservoirs in the California part of the watershed include Lake Tahoe, Donner Lake , Independence Lake (California) , Webber Lake, Boca Reservoir , Stampede Reservoir , Prosser Creek Reservoir , and Martis Creek Reservoir. In

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420-603: The Lower Watershed, Steamboat Creek , which drains Washoe Lake , is the major tributary to the Truckee River. Like many other rivers in the western United States, the Truckee's flow is highly regulated, with most river flow fully allocated through a system of water rights , set in 2015 by the Truckee River Operating Agreement. This system over-allocates available water during low flow periods. Disputes occur among those asserting rights to

455-571: The Salmon Trout River, after the huge Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) that ran up the river from Pyramid Lake to spawn. However, the river was ultimately named after a Paiute chief known as Truckee , who in 1844 guided an emigrant party from the headwaters of the Humboldt River to California via the Truckee River, Donner Lake , and Donner Pass . Appreciative of their Native American guide's services,

490-678: The Sierra Nevada was the discovery of beaver dams dating to the 1850s in Red Clover Creek in the Feather River watershed. The presence of beaver dams has been shown to either increase the number of fish, their size, or both, in a study of brook, rainbow and brown trout in nearby Sagehen Creek , which flows into the Little Truckee River at an altitude of 5,800 feet (1,800 m) and is a stream typical of

525-759: The acreage limitation on lands irrigated with water supplied by the Bureau of Reclamation, and established and required full-cost rates for land receiving water above the acreage limit. John Wesley Powell , arguably the "father of reclamation", began a series of expeditions to explore the American West in 1867. He concluded that the Western United States was so arid that it could not yet support extensive development and government involvement in large-scale irrigation would be necessary. Among his observations, he saw that, after snowmelt and spring rains,

560-496: The arid western states. When it became apparent that an organized effort would be required to make agriculture viable in the west, Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada introduced legislation into the United States Congress to provide federal help and coordination for irrigation projects. Newlands carried the bulk of the legislative burden and had a strong technical backup from Frederick Haynes Newell of

595-655: The construction and maintenance of irrigation projects. The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects. These irrigation projects led to the eventual damming of nearly every major western river. Under the act, the Secretary of the Interior created the United States Reclamation Service within the United States Geological Survey to administer

630-621: The eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada on the upper part of the Carson River and its tributaries in Alpine County until 1892 when they fell victim to heavy trapping. James "Grizzly" Adams ' also reports trapping beaver in the lower Carson River around 1860, "In the evening we caught a fine lot of salmon-trout ( Cutthroat trout ), using grasshoppers for bait, and in the night killed half a dozen beavers, which were very tame." Recent novel physical evidence of beaver's historic presence in

665-517: The eastern slope of the northern Sierra Nevada . Not only have aspen and cottonwood survived ongoing beaver colonization but a recent study of ten Tahoe streams utilizing aerial multispectral videography, including Trout Creek and Cold Creek, has shown that deciduous, thick and thin herbaceous vegetation has increased near beaver dams, whereas coniferous trees are decreased. Benefits of beaver dams include removal of sediment and excessive pollutants travelling downstream, which improves water clarity, which

700-465: The endangered species present and because the Lake Tahoe Basin comprises the headwaters of the Truckee River, the river has been the focus of several water quality investigations, the most detailed starting in the mid-1980s. Under the direction of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , a comprehensive dynamic hydrology transport model was developed by Earth Metrics Inc. The model's name

735-599: The language at Spanish Springs High School. Classes have also been taught at Reed High School in Sparks, Nevada . Elder Ralph Burns of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation worked with University of Nevada, Reno linguist Catherine Fowler to help develop a spelling system. The alphabet uses 19 letters. They have also developed a language-learning book, “Numa Yadooape,” and a series of computer disks of language lessons. Northern Paiute's phonology

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770-641: The larger of the irrigation projects of the United States, with the area reclaimed or to be reclaimed as of 1925. (1) Much of the West could not have been settled without the water provided by the Act. The West became one of the premier agricultural areas in the world. Bureau of Reclamation statistics shows that the more than 600 of their dams on waterways throughout the West provide irrigation for 10 million acres (40,000 km ) of farmland, providing 60% of

805-587: The loans made to farmers, funded by the sales of federal land, were never repaid. Amendments made by the Reclamation Project Act of 1939 gave the Department of the Interior, among other things, the authority to amend repayment contracts and to extend repayment for not more than 40 years. Amendments made by the Reclamation Reform Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-293) eliminated the residency requirement provisions of reclamation law, raised

840-672: The mountains to Truckee, California , then turns sharply to the east and flows into Nevada, through Reno and Sparks and along the northern end of the Carson Range . At Fernley it turns north, flowing along the east side of the Pah Rah Range . It empties into the southern end of Pyramid Lake, a remnant of prehistoric Lake Lahontan , in northern Washoe County in the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation . The Truckee River's endorheic drainage basin

875-401: The party named the river after him. The chief's real name might not have been Truckee, but perhaps Tru-ki-zo , which could have become distorted as "Truckee". There are numerous other theories about Chief Truckee and his name. The Truckee River's source is the outlet of Lake Tahoe , at the dam on the northwest side of the lake near Tahoe City, California . It flows generally northeast through

910-680: The program. In 1907, the Service became a separate organization within the Department of the Interior and was renamed the United States Bureau of Reclamation . The Act was co-authored by Democratic Congressional Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada , Frederick H. Newell of the United States Geological Survey, and George H. Maxwell, head of the National Reclamation Association. Many of

945-533: The project: Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Kansas , Montana , Nebraska , Nevada , New Mexico , North Dakota , Oklahoma , Oregon , South Dakota , Utah , Washington , and Wyoming . It requires surplus fees from sales of land be set aside for a "reclamation fund" for the development of water resources. It also requires the Treasury Department to fund education from unappropriated monies under certain conditions. Below are listed

980-416: The river at and around Pyramid Lake . At the outlet at Lake Tahoe, there are multiple names as well. Dawbayódok is said to refer to the area when one is situated "on the down side" of the outlet, while Dawbayóduwé is used when one is "on the up side." Debeyúmewe, translated as "coming out," is less specific. When John C. Frémont and Kit Carson ascended the Truckee River on January 16, 1844, they called it

1015-423: The rivers of the West flooded and released huge amounts of water and that for the rest of the year not enough rain fell to sufficiently support agriculture, and so reservoir dams were necessary. The U.S. government saw too much economic potential in the West to heed Powell's advice, at the time. By the late 1800s, small-scale private and local farming organizations would prove the benefits of irrigation projects in

1050-610: The run ends at the River Ranch Restaurant. These rapids are almost all class 1 and class 2. In downtown Reno the river has been sculpted into a half-mile Class 2/3 whitewater park, and is used mainly for kayaking . The Truckee River is western Nevada's largest river. It supports a large sport fishing population each year. Kim Tisdale of the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), is the state's Western Regions Fishery Supervisor; she commented that NDOW's goal

1085-405: The viability of associated biota . Impacts upon the receiving waters of Pyramid Lake were also analyzed. It is thought that dumping raw sewage into the Truckee River is a detriment to the water quality in several communities. Northern Paiute language Northern Paiute / ˈ p aɪ uː t / , endonym Numu or nɨɨmɨ, also known as Paviotso , is a Western Numic language of

Truckee River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-692: The water. In the early 20th century, the Newlands Reclamation Act instituted a diversion that removed river flows from the Truckee River watershed and transferred them to the Carson River watershed. Currently the Truckee–Carson Irrigation District supervises the diversion of approximately one-third of the river flow at the Derby Dam to the Lahontan Valley to irrigate alfalfa and pastures. Truckee River water

1155-534: Was later amended by the Reclamation Reform Act of 1982 ( Pub. L.   97–293 , Title II) to limit the corporate use of water and speculation on land that would benefit from reclamation projects. The full name of the act is "An Act Appropriating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in certain States and Territories to the construction of irrigation works for the reclamation of arid lands" . The act identifies 16 states and territories included in

1190-476: Was shown to worsen when beaver dams were recently removed in nearby Taylor Creek and Ward Creek . Flooding from beaver dams is relatively inexpensively controlled with flow devices . The river is heavily used for recreation, including whitewater rafting and fly fishing . A common rafting run is the River Ranch Run. Starting from the outlet gates at Lake Tahoe stretching about 3 miles (4.8 km),

1225-545: Was subsequently changed to DSSAM , and it was applied to analyze land use, and wastewater management decisions throughout the Truckee River Basin of 3,120 square miles (8,081 km) and to provide guidance in other U.S. river basins. Analytes addressed included nitrogen , reactive phosphate , dissolved oxygen , total dissolved solids and nine other parameters. Based on the use of the model, some decisions have been influenced to enhance riverine quality and aid

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