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132-468: University Park Campus and Jubilee Campus are situated a few miles from the centre of Nottingham , with the small King's Meadow Campus nearby. Sutton Bonington Campus is situated 12 miles (19 km) south of the central campuses, near the village of Sutton Bonington . University Park Campus ( 52°56′N 1°11′W  /  52.94°N 1.19°W  / 52.94; -1.19  ( University of Nottingham, University Park Campus ) )

264-609: A libel action against Maxwell Fyfe. Shortly before the United Kingdom general election of 1951 , Maxwell Fyfe caused a stir when he appeared to hint in a radio interview that a Conservative government might legislate to curb the power of trade unions. When the Conservative Party was returned to power in the election, Churchill thought it unwise to appoint him Minister of Labour, and Maxwell Fyfe became both Home Secretary and cabinet minister for Welsh affairs. He

396-674: A 68% year-on-year increase. In 2017, Nottingham came seventh in Harper Dennis Hobbes's Top 50 British Centres, behind the West End of London , Glasgow , Birmingham , Manchester , Leeds and Liverpool . The Bridlesmith Gate area has numerous designer shops, one being the original Paul Smith boutique. There are various specialist shops and small businesses in side streets and alleys: notable streets include Poultry Walk, West End Arcade and Hurts Yard and Derby Road (the latter once known for antiques). Smaller shopping areas in

528-541: A dead heat. However, once it was clear that Eden was to be Churchill's successor, he sought the office of Lord Chancellor . On 19 October 1954 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Kilmuir , of Creich in the County of Sutherland , and moved to the House of Lords and the " woolsack ". Lord Kilmuir was a political Lord Chancellor, not restricting himself to his judicial role. He worked on many government issues including

660-533: A disaster for the country and a menace to the people". However, Kilmuir chaired the cabinet committee that recommended limiting the death penalty's scope and which led to the Homicide Act 1957 . He feared the consequences of immigration to the United Kingdom and presented a report to the cabinet in 1956. Lord Kilmuir contended that the military intervention in the 1956 Suez Crisis was justified under

792-579: A distance." During the Industrial Revolution , much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry ; in particular, the city became an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. In 1831 citizens rioted in protest against the Duke of Newcastle 's opposition to the Reform Act 1832 , setting fire to his residence on the site of Nottingham Castle. In common with

924-639: A group of three prominent buildings by the practice. The new plan is centred on the Aspire sculpture, designed by Make Architects, which was the country's tallest piece of free-standing art until the construction of Orbit in 2012. International House and the Amenity Building have facades in multiple shades of red terracotta , whereas the Gateway Building is covered in galvanized zinc shingles. Critical reception to Make's buildings for

1056-474: A gym, a sports hall, and an astro-turf pitch. External sports facilities run alongside the university between the main road and the railway line. There is also a renovated squash court which is now a music room available to students in 'Music Soc' and a bouldering wall available to students in 'SB Climbing'. The campus was formerly the Midlands Agricultural and Dairy College before merging with

1188-623: A key educational role by providing an environment for effective tuition of students in Biosciences, and Veterinary science. The farm is run commercially to be self-financing whilst still fulfilling its role as a teaching and research resource. The first foundations of the current site at Sutton Bonington date back to the founding of the Midland Dairy Institute in the mid-19th century. The institute gave lectures and short coursers in such subjects as butter and cheese production,

1320-436: A large library and is also home to Bonington Halls , the university's largest hall of residence, which accommodates around 650 students (in reality it is a series of small halls rather than one big hall - the name has recently changed to reflect this). A 400 hectare (4 km) commercial farm, University Farm , and a dairy are also part of the site. The Barn, a student amenities building which opened in 2014, accommodates

1452-596: A letter from the prime minister, the Marquess of Salisbury to the mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding Bilborough and Wollaton , parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and Colwick , and a recently developed part of the Beeston Urban District . A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into

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1584-541: A list of 20 Cities of Literature. The title reflects Nottingham's literary heritage, with Lord Byron , D. H. Lawrence and Alan Sillitoe having links to the city, as well as a contemporary literary community, a publishing industry and a poetry scene. The city is served by three universities: the University of Nottingham , Nottingham Trent University and the Nottingham campus of the University of Law ; it hosts

1716-852: A member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from August 1949 to May 1952, becoming the Chair of the Assembly's Committee on Legal and Administrative Questions, and rapporteur on the committee drafting the European Convention on Human Rights . In his memoirs he criticised Sir Anthony Eden for a negative stance that derailed the UK's opportunity to become a leader in Europe. Eden always rejected this and considered

1848-716: A number of independent schools. The city's oldest educational establishment is Nottingham High School , which was founded in 1513. The city contains several notable museums including: In 2015, the National Videogame Arcade was opened in the Hockley area of the city; being "the UK's first cultural centre for videogames". It was announced in June 2018 that the arcade was soon to close and relocate to Sheffield city centre, where it reopened in November 2018 as

1980-640: A population of 768,638. It is the largest urban area in the East Midlands and the second-largest in the Midlands. Its Functional Urban Area, the largest in the East Midlands, has a population of 919,484. The population of the Nottingham/ Derby metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000. The metropolitan economy of Nottingham is the seventh-largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 50.9 billion (2014). Aside from Birmingham, it

2112-597: A publication known as Agrimag annually (and has done so since at least the 1920s, when it was called the M.A.D.C Magazine). OKA organises a reunion weekend on the third weekend in November every year for recently graduated students to return. Bonington Student Village is the name given by the current provider to the University's halls of residence at Sutton Bonington. It is a mixed sex group of houses and halls, holding both undergraduates and postgraduates, of varying age and design holding between eight and sixty people. Bonington Student Village houses approximately 650 students and

2244-498: A quick shave and breakfast, leave for court . He was assisted in his punishing schedule by his wife Sylvia , herself a Conservative Party worker. In 1945-51 he earned an annual average of £25,000. Maxwell Fyfe played a leading role in drafting the party's Industrial Charter of 1947 and chaired the committee into Conservative Party organisation that resulted in the Maxwell Fyfe Report (1948–49). The report shifted

2376-539: A significant increase in the number of women and people of colour achieving associate professor and professorial appointments in the School. Notable past and current staff include John Monteith , Keith Campbell (biologist) , Malcolm J. Bennett , Edward Cocking , Stephen E. Harding , Brian Heap and Joanne Hort . Well known alumni include Isobel Pooley . The farm exists to provide facilities, resources and opportunities for research with crops and animals. It also has

2508-480: A temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) is recorded at least 1 day per year at Watnall for the period of 1991–2020, and the warmest day of the year reaches an average of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F). For the period 1991–2020 Nottingham (Watnall) recorded on average 36.9 days of air frost per year, and Sutton Bonington 42.2. The lowest recorded temperature in Nottingham (Watnall) is −13.3 °C (8.1 °F) recorded in 23 January 1963 and 13 January 1987 , whilst

2640-620: A temperature of −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) was recorded in Sutton Bonington on 24 February 1947 . The record-low maximum temperature is −6.3 °C (20.7 °F) recorded in January 1963 . For the period of 1991–2020, the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of −5.5 °C (22.1 °F) in Nottingham (Watnall). The city centre of Nottingham is usually defined as the Old Market Square . The square

2772-490: A tunnel dug from one of the huts. 15 tonnes of soil are said to have been removed and hidden under the tiers of a lecture room. All but one of the prisoners were recaptured. The campus has long been home to the School of Biosciences (previously School of Agriculture, School of Environmental and Life Sciences) which teaches students studying biological subjects encompassing animal science, food science, agriculture, nutrition and plant science. The University of Nottingham opened

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2904-483: Is Professor Sacha Mooney. Past Heads of School include Paul Wilson, Simon Langley-Evans , Neil Crout, Katherine Smart, Jerry Roberts, Robert Webb, Don Grierson and Peter Buttery. Langley-Evans had a particularly notable tenure which featured a number of reforms which resulted in a reorganisation of the Divisional structure of the School and a radical change in the diversity of the academic staff. The latter included

3036-499: Is Professor Gary England. The School of Biosciences (previously School of Agriculture) predates the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science on the Sutton Bonington Campus by several decades. Current strengths lie in soil and root biology, plant science and microbiology. The School has 95 academic staff, 925 undergraduate students and 300 post-graduate students, The School houses five divisions: The Head of School

3168-660: Is a 16 acres (64,750 m) campus that was formerly the East Midlands studios of Carlton Central . The university's department of Manuscripts and Special Collections is now housed at the King's Meadow Campus. Information Services, Human Resources and much of the Finance Department are now also housed at this site. The Sutton Bonington Campus ( 52°49′49″N 1°15′09″W  /  52.8302°N 1.2524°W  / 52.8302; -1.2524  ( University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus ) )

3300-592: Is a site of the University of Nottingham , and houses the School of Biosciences and the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science. The campus is a 420-hectare (4.2 km) site situated in a rural location near Sutton Bonington village, 12 miles (19 km) south of the main, University Park Campus, and 1 mile (2 km) from Junction 24 of the M1 motorway. The campus has its own coat of arms and motto: Aras, Seris, Metis (Plough, Sow, Reap). The campus contains research buildings and teaching facilities,

3432-447: Is also in the area; it was built in the 1970s on the demolished Victoria railway station site. All that remains of the old station is the station hotel and clock tower. The 250-foot-high Victoria Centre flats stand above the shopping centre and are the tallest buildings in the city . The Lace Market area just south of Hockley has streets with four- to seven-storey red brick warehouses, iron railings and red phone boxes . Many of

3564-551: Is also the home of two professional football teams: Notts County , recognised as the world's oldest professional league club, and Nottingham Forest , famously two-time winners of the UEFA European Cup under Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in 1979 and 1980 . The city has professional rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams; it also hosts the Aegon Nottingham Open , an international tennis tournament on

3696-499: Is back on the political agenda and there is now pressure on the green belt which surrounds the city. Nottingham City Council is a unitary authority , and is based at Loxley House on Station Street. It consists of 55 councillors , representing 20 wards , who are elected every four years; the last elections being held on 2 May 2019 . The council is independent of Nottinghamshire County Council but work with them for local developments and other matters. Nottingham, though, remains

3828-431: Is closely aligned with that in the School of Biosciences with whom some research facilities and equipment are shared. The involvement of Clinical Associates and other organisations within the research programs enables the identification of clinical problems in the field and the rapid application of investigational science to these problems in both production and companion animal species. The Foundation Dean and Head of School

3960-576: Is dominated by the Council House , which was built in the 1920s to replace the Nottingham Exchange . The Council House has baroque columns and two stone lion statues in the front to stand watch over the square. The Exchange Arcade , on the ground floor, is a shopping centre. Tall office buildings line Maid Marian Way. The Georgian area around Oxford and Regent Streets is dominated by small professional firms. The Albert Hall faces

4092-597: Is managed by Campus Living Villages (CLV). The houses and halls at Sutton Bonington are named after local villages and are as follows: At the time of development on the campus (opened 2006), the Nottingham Vet School was the first brand new, purpose-built veterinary school in the UK for over 50 years. The academic staff of the School work within 5 strategic research areas: Infection and Immunity; Population Health and Welfare; Comparative Medicine ; Reproductive Biology and Veterinary Educational Research. Research

Campuses of the University of Nottingham - Misplaced Pages Continue

4224-463: Is the legendary home of Robin Hood and to the lace -making, bicycle and tobacco industries. The city is also the county town of Nottinghamshire and the settlement was granted its city charter in 1897, as part of Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. In the 2021 Census , Nottingham had a reported population of 323,632. The wider conurbation, which includes many of the city's suburbs, has

4356-489: Is the library, the Sir Harry and Lady Djanogly Learning Resource Centre , a circular building situated in the middle of the lake with only one, spiraling, floor. For the second phase of the campus, Make Architects were retained by the university. They produced a revised campus plan, which moved away from Hopkins' north–south orientation, and creates an east–west axis beyond the confines of the site. The first stage includes

4488-451: Is the main campus of the university. A few miles from the centre of Nottingham, the 300-acre (120 ha) site is one of the largest university campuses in the United Kingdom , and home to the majority of the university's 43,561 students. The campus contains 12 halls of residence , of which the largest is Hugh Stewart Hall , as well as academic and administrative buildings. The campus contains 13 listed buildings . Of particular note are

4620-521: Is the only city in the Midlands to be ranked as a sufficiency-level world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Nottingham is a major sporting centre and, in October 2015, was named 'Home of English Sport'. The National Ice Centre , Holme Pierrepont National Water Sports Centre and Trent Bridge international cricket ground are all based in or around the city, which

4752-679: Is underway to prepare the site to be a new city-centre campus for the university, and will be the new home for the Nottingham University Business School. Nottingham Nottingham ( / ˈ n ɒ t ɪ ŋ ə m / NOT -ing-əm , locally / ˈ n ɒ t n ʊ m / ) is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire , East Midlands , England. It is located 33 miles (53 km) south-east of Sheffield and 45 miles (72 km) north-east of Birmingham . Nottingham

4884-559: Is unlikely he would have done so. A conservative on the death penalty, Kilmuir was likewise conservative on the issue of homosexual rights, and led the opposition in the House of Lords to the implementation of the Wolfenden Committee report, which had recommended the decriminalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adults . This was ironic, says Geraldine Bedell , since it was he, while Home Secretary, who had set up

5016-509: The 2001 foot and mouth epidemic . Controversially, the building of the new school was partly funded by leasing out the halls of residence, catering facilities, bar and shop, to private companies (CRM and Sodexo). Extensive building and renovation programmes on the site heavily remodelled the campus between 2010 and 2020. New buildings included the Gateway Building (housing the staff of the Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, and

5148-581: The First Division , four League Cups , a UEFA Super Cup and two European Cups . During this time Forest signed Trevor Francis , Britain's first £1 million footballer, who joined the club in February 1979 from Birmingham City . The city was the site of race riots in 1958 , centred on the St Ann's neighbourhood. During the second half of the 20th century Nottingham saw urban growth with

5280-485: The Gothic revival St Barnabas' Roman Catholic Cathedral by Pugin . Nottingham Castle and its grounds are located further south in the western third of the city. The central third descends from the university district in the north, past Nottingham Trent University 's Gothic revival Arkwright Building. The university also owns many other buildings in this area. The Theatre Royal on Theatre Square, with its pillared façade,

5412-631: The Maxwell Fyfe Directive which became the de facto constitution of the Security Service until the Security Service Act 1989 set it on a statutory basis. When Sir Percy Sillitoe resigned as DG in 1953, Maxwell Fyfe delegated the shortlisting of a successor to a committee of civil servants chaired by Sir Edward Bridges . The committee put forward Dick White and Sir Kenneth Strong . Maxwell Fyfe endorsed

Campuses of the University of Nottingham - Misplaced Pages Continue

5544-572: The Royal Charter that made the university an independent degree-granting organisation. Like the University Park Campus Jubilee has been constructed around an artificial lake and with similar green surroundings. The Hopkins buildings also contains many innovative environmental elements such as living roofs ( Sedum ) aiding storm drainage, insulation and promoting biodiversity, and solar panels. Particularly striking

5676-547: The University of Law and the University of Nottingham ; in the 2016/17 academic year, Trent University was attended by 29,370 students and Nottingham University by 32,515. The University of Nottingham Medical School is part of the Queen's Medical Centre . There are three colleges of further education located in Nottingham: Bilborough College is solely a sixth form college ; Nottingham College

5808-544: The University of Nottingham Students' Union . All officers of the 'SB Guild' are non-sabbatical and elected annually by an anonymous ballot, which follows the Students' Union procedure of using STV . The Guild used to be separate from the union, and still has a degree of independence. The Guild run 40 of its own clubs and societies. In addition it also has its own international students organisation (ISSB). Societies at Sutton Bonington Campus are student-run and apply directly to

5940-603: The modern Welsh name for Nottingham, and in English as the City of Caves . The English name of Nottingham is Anglo-Saxon in origin. A Saxon chieftain named Snot ruled an area known as Snotingaham in Old English ; the homestead of Snot's people ( -inga = 'the people of'; -ham = 'homestead'). Some authors derive Nottingham from Snottenga (caves) and ham (homestead) but "this has nothing to do with

6072-699: The self-defence provisions of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter . He continued in this office in the governments of Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan until Macmillan's 1962 " Night of the Long Knives ", when he was abruptly replaced by Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller , the Attorney-General. Kilmuir was made Baron Fyfe of Dornoch , of Dornoch in the County of Sutherland, and Earl of Kilmuir on 20 July 1962 to cushion

6204-596: The ATP and WTA tours. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UK's first City of Football . The city is served by Nottingham railway station and the Nottingham Express Transit tram system; its bus company, Nottingham City Transport , is the largest publicly owned bus network in England. In December 2015, Nottingham was named a ' City of Literature ' by UNESCO , joining

6336-848: The American credit card company Capital One ; the national law firm Browne Jacobson ; and Earache Records , an independent music company founded by local resident Digby Pearson , based on Handel Street in Sneinton . Nottingham also has offices of Nottingham Building Society (established 1849); HM Revenue & Customs ; the Driving Standards Agency ; Ofsted ; the Care Quality Commission and BBC East Midlands . The schools and aerial photographers, H Tempest Ltd, were Nottingham-based for many years, until relocating to St Ives, Cornwall January 1959. Nottingham

6468-707: The English form". Nottingham Castle was constructed in 1068 on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen . The early history of Nottingham dates back to 919 A.D. where King Edward the Elder captured Nottingham to which he built a fortress on the southern bank of the river Trent in 921 A.D. During the Norman Conquest King William the Conqueror built a castle in Nottingham which was entrusted to William Peverel . The Anglo-Saxon settlement

6600-659: The Garden in the Sky Project and University wide goal to be more sustainable. These can be found at The Orchard Hotel, Maths Building and George Green library. The Trent Building serves as one of the main administrative buildings of the University of Nottingham. It also contains academic facilities, principally for the arts and social sciences . The foundation stone was laid on 14 June 1922 by Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane . London architect Morley Horder created

6732-607: The Guild for funding- they are also separate from the main university societies in many cases. The old students association for both the campus, and the hall of residence is known as OKA (the Old Kingstonian Association , the name pre-dating the move to Sutton Bonington), and its members include both students from the Midlands Agricultural and Dairy College, and from the university. OKA produces

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6864-546: The Midland Agricultural and Dairy College. In 1912 another farm of 85 acres (340,000 m), situated in Sutton Bonington parish, but near to the Kegworth Station, was acquired. Initially intended for an experimental station. It however became apparent that the institute was rapidly running out of space, and construction of a brand new purpose-built site at Sutton Bonington began. The construction of

6996-950: The National Videogame Museum. Nottingham is the East Midlands' largest economy. The headquarters of several large companies are based in the city: these include Alliance Boots (formerly Boots the Chemists ); Chinook Sciences; GM (cricket bats); Pedigree Petfoods ; VF Corporation (American clothing); Changan Automobile (Chinese-made automobiles); the credit reference agency Experian ; energy company E.ON Energy UK ; betting company Gala Bingo ; amusement and gambling machine manufacturer Bell-Fruit-Games; engineering company Siemens ; sportswear manufacturers Speedo ; high-street opticians Vision Express and Specsavers ; games and publishing company Games Workshop ; PC software developer Serif Europe (publisher of PagePlus and other titles); web hosting provider Heart Internet ;

7128-452: The Nottingham urban district extends into Derbyshire where Ilkeston and Long Eaton are administered by Erewash Borough Council , and Ripley by Amber Valley . To the north, Hucknall is governed by Ashfield District Council , while in the east Arnold and Carlton form part of the Borough of Gedling . South of the river, the town of West Bridgford lies in Rushcliffe , as do the outlying villages of Ruddington and Tollerton and

7260-588: The Nuremberg Trials. Shawcross, to emphasise the non-partisan nature of the trials, appointed Maxwell Fyfe his deputy. Shawcross was largely committed to his political duties in Westminster and played little part other than delivering the opening and closing speeches. Maxwell Fyfe took on most of the day-to-day responsibilities as "capable lawyer, efficient administrator and concerned housemaster". There were misgivings in some quarters as to how Fyfe would perform, cross-examination not being regarded as one of his strengths. However, his cross-examination of Hermann Göring

7392-466: The Prime Minister, Churchill, who repeatedly urged that summary justice be visited upon the Nazi leaders. When the war in Europe ended and the coalition was dissolved in May 1945, Maxwell Fyfe was briefly Attorney-General in Churchill's caretaker government. The Labour Party won a landslide victory in the United Kingdom general election of 1945 and Sir Hartley Shawcross became Attorney General and took responsibility as Britain's chief prosecutor in

7524-422: The School of Education , the School of Computer Science , and the Nottingham University Business School . The campus is also the location of the National College for School Leadership and the university's Global Engagement Office. The campus opened in 1999, and is located about a mile to the east of the main University Park Campus on the site of the former Raleigh Bicycle Company factory. The campus plan and

7656-423: The School of Biology. This was a short-lived experiment which many staff have reported failed due to poor leadership and logistical challenges. Shortly after the purchase of the new Jubilee Campus, the school was split into the School of Life Sciences (based at University Park) and the School of Biosciences (based at Sutton Bonington). Some elements of the School of Biosciences (Environmental Science) retained space at

7788-410: The Second World War started the college was once again appropriated, this time to be used as a training centre for the Women's Land Army (WLA). After a year, however, it was decided that it was unnecessary to provide this level of training, and the college was returned to its original purpose. In 1947–48 the college merged with Nottingham University College, to form the new Nottingham University (which

7920-458: The Trent Building in the classical architectural style. The building is topped by a campanile (clock tower), is built of Portland stone and is protected as a grade II listed building . King George V and Queen Mary presided at the building's opening on 10 July 1928, The building's Great Hall has hosted many distinguished visitors, including Albert Einstein , Mahatma Gandhi and Queen Elizabeth II . The writer D. H. Lawrence described

8052-413: The UK textile industry, Nottingham's textile sector fell into decline in the decades following the Second World War . Little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham; however, many of the former industrial buildings in the Lace Market district have been restored and put to new uses. Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and at that time consisted of

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8184-482: The United Kingdom, Nottingham has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb) and experiences warm mild summers and mild to cool winters with abundant precipitation throughout the year. There are two weather-reporting stations close to Nottingham: the former "Nottingham Weather Centre", at Watnall , about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of the city centre; and the University of Nottingham 's agricultural campus at Sutton Bonington , about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of

8316-422: The University Park Campus as their degree courses were delivered at that site. This period also saw the construction of new Plant and Food science buildings at Sutton Bonington. 2006 saw the opening of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science on the campus, in brand new purpose-built buildings. This was the first new vet school in the UK for over 50 years, and was seen to be part of the government's response to

8448-464: The University of Nottingham in 1947. The college was originally located in Kingston on Soar , about a two-minute walk down the road from the current campus, but relocated to its current location after the First World War . The site (which had been built but not yet occupied prior to the war) was used as a prisoner-of-war camp during the First World War. It was from there that a group of 21 German officers, led by Captain Karl von Müller , escaped through

8580-488: The University of Nottingham. It was designed by the architect Harry Faulkner-Brown and won the RIBA East Midlands Regional Award for Architecture prize in 1974. It is named after Dr Bertrand Hallward , first vice-chancellor of the university. The contractors were W.J. Simms, Sons and Cooke Ltd. Construction started in 1971 and it opened in December 1973. It was designed to hold 500,000 volumes and construction cost £805,000 (equivalent to £12,296,700 in 2023). It houses

8712-442: The Vet School), the Brewing and Bioenergy Building (including the research brewery of the multinational brewer AbInbev), The Barn (a student hub, housing the refectory and student services administration) and The Firs (animal research facility). At the time of construction, The Gateway was the largest straw built building in Europe, having been constructed using straw obtained from the University Farm. The 1960s North Laboratory building

8844-462: The advice of Brendan Bracken , appointed Maxwell Fyfe Solicitor-General . At the same time he was knighted and sworn of the Privy Council . He applied himself to his work in the wartime coalition government with enormous industry and began some of the thinking and planning about how the leaders of the Nazi regime in Germany might be brought to account after the war. As part of his duties, on 8 April 1945, he attended an Anglo-American discussion over

8976-425: The blow of retirement. He is said to have complained to Macmillan that he was being sacked with less notice than would be given to a cook, to which Macmillan replied that it was easier to get Lord Chancellors than good cooks. After government, Kilmuir joined the board of directors of Plessey but his health soon declined. He died at Withyham , Sussex, on 27 January 1967 and was cremated . His ashes were buried at

9108-409: The building as looking like an "iced cake". It gained its Trent Building name in 1953 when the adjacent Portland Building was opened. The main buildings of the university's campuses in China and Malaysia are both modelled on University Park's iconic Trent Building. In the case of the China campus this includes an exact replica of the clock tower. The Hallward Library is the principal library of

9240-464: The building down, resulting in a delay of completion. Each of the above halls are ensuite, and Southwell and Newark are catered. Many students studying on the main campus live in halls on Jubilee. Transport between campuses is provided by a university-funded bus. King's Meadow Campus ( 52°56′19″N 1°10′19″W  /  52.9386°N 1.1719°W  / 52.9386; -1.1719  ( University of Nottingham, King's Meadow Campus ) )

9372-402: The buildings for first phase of the campus were designed by the architects Michael Hopkins and Partners following selection through an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions and won the 2000 BCI Award for "Building of the Year" and the 2001 RIBA Journal Sustainability Award. The campus name derives from the fact that 1998 was the Golden Jubilee of the granting of

9504-736: The buildings have been converted into apartments, bars and restaurants. The largest building in the Lace Market is the Adams Building , built by Thomas Chambers Hine for Thomas Adams (1807–1873), and currently used by Nottingham College . The Georgian-built Shire Hall, which was once Nottingham's main court and prison building, is now home to the National Justice Museum (formerly the "Galleries of Justice"). Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem (the Trip), partially built into

9636-492: The castle during medieval times. There are also caves beneath the Salutation that date back to the medieval period, although they are no longer used as beer cellars. The Bell Inn is probably the oldest of the three pub buildings still standing, according to dendrochronology , and has medieval cellars that are still used to store beer. Almost 62,000 students attend the city's three universities, Nottingham Trent University ,

9768-517: The castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later. Defences consisted initially of a ditch and bank in the early 12th century. The ditch was later widened, in the mid-13th century, and a stone wall built around much of

9900-649: The cave system beneath Nottingham Castle, is a contender for the title of England's Oldest Pub, as it is supposed to have been established in 1189. The Bell Inn in the Old Market Square, and Ye Olde Salutation Inn (the Salutation) in Maid Marian Way have both disputed this claim. The Trip's current timber building probably dates back to the 17th or 18th century, but the caves are certainly older and may have been used to store beer and water for

10032-409: The church of St Michael and All Angels at Withyham. His wealth at death was £22,202. His titles, which could pass only to sons, became extinct, as he had fathered only daughters. He married Sylvia Harrison in 1925 and they had three daughters, one of whom pre-deceased him. Lalage Fyfe (b. 1926, d. 1944) and Pamela Maxwell Fyfe (b. 1928). His brother-in-law was the actor Sir Rex Harrison . Kilmuir

10164-576: The city are the older Flying Horse Walk , The Exchange Arcade , Hockley and newer Trinity Square and The Pod. Nottingham's Victoria Centre is the city's main retail shopping centre: it was the first to be built in the city and was developed on the site of the former Nottingham Victoria railway station . David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir David Patrick Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir , GCVO , PC (29 May 1900 – 27 January 1967), known as Sir David Maxwell Fyfe from 1942 to 1954 and as Viscount Kilmuir from 1954 to 1962,

10296-428: The city centre. The highest temperature recorded in Nottingham (Watnall) stands at 39.8 °C (103.6 °F), whilst Sutton Bonington recorded a temperature of 39.4 °C (102.9 °F), both recorded on 19 July 2022 , and the record-high minimum temperature is 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) recorded on 20 July 2022. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or above is recorded on 11 days per year, whilst

10428-513: The city, native wildlife includes red fox , peregrine falcon and common kingfisher . Notable nature reserves around the city include Attenborough Nature Reserve SSSI, Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve, Holme Pit SSSI, Fairham Brook Local Wildlife Site and Wollaton Park . Due to its position as a central city with strong transport links, Nottingham has become home to invasive animal and plant species including rose-ringed parakeet , Japanese knotweed and Himalayan balsam . In 2017 it

10560-658: The city, these areas are governed by a two tier system of local government. Nottinghamshire County Council is based at the county hall. It provides the upper tier of local government whilst the lower tier is split into several district or borough councils. The County Council are responsible for Health, Social Care, Education, Highways, Transport, Libraries and Trading Standards, whilst the lower tier councils are responsible for local planning, neighbourhood services, housing, licensing, environmental health and leisure facilities. The towns of Beeston , Stapleford and Eastwood are administered by Broxtowe Borough Council . Further west still,

10692-461: The city. Electric trams were introduced to the city in 1901; they served the city for 35 years until 1936. Trams were reintroduced after 68 years when a new network opened in 2004. In the sporting world, Nottingham is home to the world's oldest professional football club, Notts County , which was formed in 1862. The town's other football club, Nottingham Forest , had a period of success between 1977 and 1993 under manager Brian Clough , winning

10824-470: The committee to consider whether the law should be changed. As Bedell also notes: "Perhaps he thought, by handing over to a committee, to shelve the issue. Perhaps he assumed Wolfenden would find against, in which case, he chose a curious chairman, because Wolfenden had a gay son, Jeremy ." Kilmuir still opposed liberalisation when a bill was introduced in the Lords (by Lord Arran ) in 1965. Says Bedell: "For

10956-475: The committee's preference for White, observing to Churchill that an internal appointment would be good for the morale of the service. Fyfe's assumption of office as Home Secretary heralded a reign of fear for male homosexuals. A stern advocate of existing legislation criminalising homosexual acts, he started a campaign to “rid England of this male vice … this plague” by dramatically increased arrests of male homosexuals through police surveillance and entrapment via

11088-504: The constitution of Malta , which he wanted to become part of the UK, and the creation of the Restrictive Practices Court . In his eight years in the post he only sat as a judge on 24 appeals to the House of Lords . Lord Kilmuir opposed Sydney Silverman 's 1956 private member's bill to abolish capital punishment. He described it as "an unwise and dangerous measure, the presence of which on the statute book would be

11220-558: The county town of Nottinghamshire even though the county hall is in the neighbouring town of West Bridgford where the county council is based. The city also has a Lord Mayor who is selected by city councillors from among themselves. The position is largely ceremonial but the Lord Mayor also acts as Chair of Full Council meetings. The City of Nottingham's boundaries are tightly drawn and exclude several suburbs and towns that are usually considered part of Greater Nottingham . Unlike

11352-435: The development of new public and private housing estates and new urban centres, which have engulfed former rural villages such as Bilborough, Wollaton, Gedling and Bramcote. South of the river there has also been expansion with new areas such as Edwalton and West Bridgford, adding to Nottingham's urban sprawl . Although this growth slowed towards the end of the century, the modern pressures for more affordable and council housing

11484-545: The doors of its School of Veterinary Medicine and Science in September 2006, the first vet school to open in the UK in over fifty years. In addition to a five-year course, there is also a six-year program which includes a preliminary year to teach basic biology and chemistry relevant to the degree. The Sutton Bonington Campus is the home of the Sutton Bonington Students' Union Guild , an association of

11616-421: The filming location of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning , was demolished in 2003 to make way for the University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus 's expansion. In 2015, Nottingham was ranked in the top 10 UK cities for job growth (from 2004 to 2013), in the public and private sectors. and in the same year, it was revealed that more new companies were started in Nottingham in 2014–15 than in any other UK city, with

11748-560: The formal Jekyll Garden, allegedly designed by Gertrude Jekyll , next to Lenton and Wortley Hall ; the walled Highfield Garden near the Trent Building, which is home to the national collection of Canna ; and the Millennium Garden, formally opened on 4 July 2000. In addition there is extensive planting elsewhere on campus, particularly in lakeside Highfields Park. The campus also has a number of green roofs as part of

11880-528: The highest concentration of higher education providers in the East Midlands . A community existed in what is now Nottingham's city centre before the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain . This community was recorded under the name Tigguo Cobauc ( Brythonic : Tig Guocobauc ) by the ninth century cleric Asser , in his work The Life of King Alfred . This original name survives as Y Tŷ Ogofog ,

12012-539: The institute had no fixed home but instead toured the various agricultural shows in the area. University College Nottingham was founded in 1877, and in 1892 co-operated with Nottingham County Council in establishing an agricultural department. Then in 1895 the Midland Dairy Institute in conjunction with the five County Councils of Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, Kesteven and Lindsey, agreed to join forces, in an effort to provide both theoretical and practical instruction in agriculture, and especially dairying. Lord Belper leased, to

12144-561: The late 18th century was the German traveller C. P. Moritz , who wrote in 1782, "Of all the towns I have seen outside London, Nottingham is the loveliest and neatest. Everything had a modern look, and a large space in the centre was hardly less handsome than a London square. A charming footpath leads over the fields to the highway, where a bridge spans the Trent. … Nottingham … with its high houses, red roofs and church steeples, looks excellent from

12276-480: The late medieval period Nottingham alabasters were exported as far afield as Iceland, and may be one reason why a small number of Icelandic immigrants lived in Nottingham during the 15th century. The town became a county corporate in 1449 giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire . One of those highly impressed by Nottingham in

12408-484: The legends of Robin Hood , Nottingham Castle is the scene of the final showdown between the Sheriff and the hero outlaw. King John of England (formerly Prince John) visited Nottingham in 1199 and 1202. Later King Henry III of England held a court in Nottingham. By the 15th century Nottingham had established itself as a centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from Nottingham alabaster . During

12540-649: The more winnable Spen Valley until 1929 when the party resolved not to oppose sitting Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Simon while he was absent on the Simon Commission in India. Maxwell Fyfe was eventually elected to Parliament in Liverpool West Derby in a by-election in July 1935. Meanwhile, Maxwell Fyfe's legal career had prospered. In 1934 he became King's Counsel . He

12672-501: The new site had not been completed before the outbreak of the First World War, and the new buildings were appropriated by the government to house German prisoners of war. The college did not regain the site at Sutton Bonington until 1919 and did not fully transfer to the new site until 1928. During the 1930s the college started to offer degree level courses in association with University College Nottingham and London University. As

12804-570: The number of prosecutions of homosexuals in the UK, and declined to commute Derek Bentley 's death sentence for the murder of a police officer. His political ambitions were ultimately dashed in Harold Macmillan 's cabinet reshuffle of July 1962. Born in Edinburgh , the only son of William Thomson Fyfe, Headmaster of Aberdeen Grammar School, by his second wife Isabella Campbell, daughter of David Campbell, of Dornoch, co. Sutherland, he

12936-529: The opposition, Lord Kilmuir warned against licensing the 'buggers' clubs' which he claimed were operating behind innocent-looking doors all over London." Maxwell Fyfe told the Conservative backbencher Sir Robert Boothby , who was known in parliamentary circles to be bisexual, that it was not his intention to legalise homosexuality: "I am not going down in history", he told Boothby, "as the man who made sodomy legal." During his tenure as Home Secretary, he

13068-587: The parishes of St Mary, St Nicholas and St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of Basford , Brewhouse Yard, Bulwell , Radford , Sneinton , Standard Hill, and parts of the parishes of West Bridgford , Carlton , Wilford (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a county borough under the Local Government Act 1888 . City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in

13200-594: The parliamentary constituency boundaries do not align with the boundaries of the council districts of which they share their name. Nottingham is situated on an area of low hills along the lower valley of the River Trent , and is surrounded by the Sherwood Forest in the north, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield in the west, and the Trent and Belvoir Vales in the east and south. Within

13332-574: The perimeter of the town. A short length of the wall survives, and is visible at the northern end of Maid Marian Way, and is protected as a Scheduled Monument. On the return of King Richard the Lionheart from the Crusades in 1194, the castle was occupied by supporters of Prince John , including the Sheriff of Nottingham . It was besieged by Richard and, after a sharp conflict, was captured. In

13464-492: The re-introduction of corporal punishment . Maxwell Fyfe remained ambitious and a Daily Mirror opinion poll in 1954, on the popular favourite to succeed Churchill as Party leader and prime minister , had him behind Eden and Butler but well ahead of Macmillan. In his memoirs ( Political Adventure , p233) he later wrote that he had hoped to emerge as a compromise leader like Bonar Law in 1911 if Eden and Butler, both of whom he regarded as personal friends, found themselves in

13596-433: The responsibility of funding electoral expenditure from the candidate to the constituency party, with the intention of broadening the diversity of MPs by making it harder for local associations to demand large personal donations from candidates. In practice, it may have had the effect of lending more power to constituency parties and making candidates more uniform. Maxwell Fyfe was a champion of European integration and

13728-412: The second phase has been mixed. The new campus buildings were runner up for Building Design magazine's 2009 Carbuncle Cup . The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry is the UK's first carbon neutral laboratory. The lab is built from natural materials and opened on 27 February 2017. During the construction of the lab a large fire broke out on 12 September 2014 and burnt

13860-445: The start of construction work until March 1953. It was opened by David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir , Lord Chancellor , on 26 October 1956. It houses the University of Nottingham Students' Union , Impact Magazine , URN and NSTV . Jubilee Campus ( 52°57′10″N 1°11′14″W  /  52.9529°N 1.1872°W  / 52.9529; -1.1872  ( University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus ) ) primarily houses

13992-515: The student bar, student service centre, refectory, Graduate School hub, faith spaces and a private dining room. There is also a cafe, 'The Mulberry Tree', shop and two cashpoint machines on campus. Joint funding from the university and HEFCE has enabled the opening of a teaching laboratory named the Peter Buttery Teaching Laboratory after a former head of the Division of Nutritional Sciences. Sports facilities include

14124-446: The target sectors of their economic development strategy would include low-carbon technologies; digital media ; life sciences ; financial and business services; and retail and leisure. The city formerly had a major bicycle manufacturing industry sector. Raleigh Bicycle Company was established in 1886 and Sturmey-Archer , the developer of three-speed hub gears, was also founded in the city. Raleigh's factory on Triumph Road, famous as

14256-477: The town of Bingham . Nottingham has three UK parliamentary constituency seats within its boundaries. Nottingham North has been represented since 2017 by Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Alex Norris , Nottingham East since 2019 by Labour MP Nadia Whittome and Nottingham South since 2010 by Labour MP Lilian Greenwood . Each of the outer districts (Broxtowe, Ashfield, Gedling and Rushcliffe) are also parliamentary constituencies in their own right although

14388-458: The united body his Fields Farm at Kingston, consisting of 176 acres (0.71 km) of land, half being in permanent grass, and half arable, to act as a permanent base for the institute. In 1900 the agricultural department of Nottingham University College was combined with the Dairy institute at Kingston, and additional buildings were erected shortly afterwards. In 1905 the institute changed its name to

14520-456: The university campus. The station is at 48m ASL just off Landcroft Lane at 52°49′42″N 1°14′55″W  /  52.8282°N 1.2485°W  / 52.8282; -1.2485  ( Sutton Bonington weather station ) . The warmest months are July and August, with average highs of just over 21 °C, whilst the coldest month is January, with a temperature range of 1.2 °C to 6.9 °C. Maximum and minimum temperatures throughout

14652-410: The university's arts, humanities, law and social sciences collections and a European Documentation Centre. The Portland Building is faced with Portland stone but is actually named after William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland , who was the university's second chancellor . The plans for the building were drawn up in 1948 but post war restrictions on capital expenditure delayed

14784-504: The use of agents provocateurs , tapped telephones, forged documents and the absence of warrants. From 1,276 in prosecutions in 1939 for actual or attempted sodomy or gross indecency, a year after he had assumed the office of Home Secretary prosecutions had soared to 5,443. Fyfe subsequently sanctioned the establishment of the Wolfenden Report into homosexuality, but had he known its findings would recommend decriminalisation, it

14916-517: The war crimes trial, at which, says the historian Richard Overy , "he presented the standard British argument for summary execution ." Whether Maxwell Fyfe believed such executions were the best method of dealing with the Nazis may be doubted, in view of his later work at the Nuremberg Trials ; at the time, however, as a member of the government he had little choice but to follow the lead of

15048-512: The wettest period although June is the wettest month, compared with the national average of 838 millimetres (33 in). The driest months are May, February and July (in that order). Below are average temperature and rainfall figures taken between 1981 and 2010 for the official weather station at the Sutton Bonington campus itself. In 2021, the university purchased the land for the new Castle Meadow Campus . As of November 2022, work

15180-454: The year are around the England average. The highest temperature recorded at Sutton Bonington was 34.8 °C on 3 August 1990, a temperature that was unbeaten in the heatwave of 2003. Frost occurs typically between November and April, with an average of 48 days a year with frost recorded. The sunniest months are July, August and May (in that order). The average annual rainfall is about 606 millimetres (24 in), with October to January being

15312-786: Was Recorder of Oldham from 1936 to 1942. Maxwell Fyfe, along with Patrick Spens , Derrick Gunston and others, backed the National Government over the Hoare–Laval Pact , and he supported Neville Chamberlain over the Munich Agreement . However, after the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Maxwell Fyfe joined the Territorial Army and, at the outbreak of World War II in September, he

15444-519: Was called to the bar in 1922. He became a pupil of George Lynskey in Liverpool then joined his chambers to practise. Maxwell Fyfe later wrote that his ambition was to be a silk (King's Counsel) in his thirties, a minister in his forties and at the top of the legal profession in his fifties. Not pausing before beginning his political career in earnest, he stood as a Conservative for Wigan in 1924 , an unwinnable parliamentary seat. He cultivated

15576-478: Was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge who combined an industrious and precocious legal career with political ambitions that took him to the offices of Solicitor General , Attorney General , Home Secretary and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain . One of the prosecuting counsels at the Nuremberg Trials , he subsequently played a role in drafting the European Convention on Human Rights . As Home Secretary from 1951 to 1954 he greatly increased

15708-420: Was a formidable parliamentary presence on behalf of his party, and his remarkable memory compensated for a dull speaking style, though he was capable of passion when the circumstances were right. In appearance, "His body was pear-shaped, and beneath a large square bald head there were dark heavy eyebrows and a face of middle-eastern pallor and swarthiness". As Home Secretary, he often travelled to Wales , and in

15840-461: Was built in 1865. King and Queen Streets are home to striking Victorian buildings designed by such architects as Alfred Waterhouse and Watson Fothergill . The Canal-side to the south of the city is adjacent to Nottingham railway station and home to multiple repurposed (as bars and restaurants) 19th-century industrial buildings. The eastern third of the city contains Hockley Village , with specialist and independent shops. The Victoria Centre

15972-764: Was deployed to the Judge Advocate-General 's department with rank of major . He was badly injured in an air raid in September 1940. In May 1941 Maxwell Fyfe became deputy to Rab Butler 's chairmanship of the Conservative Party Post War Problems Committee to draft policies for after the war. He took over as chairman from Butler between July 1943 and August 1944 while Butler was busy passing the Education Act 1944 (see Political career of Rab Butler (1941–1951) ). In March 1942, Sir Winston Churchill , on

16104-837: Was educated at George Watson's College and Balliol College, Oxford , where, perhaps owing to his interest in politics, he achieved a third-class degree in Greats . Whilst at Oxford, he was a member of the Stubbs Society . His academic education was paused during his service in the Scots Guards in 1918–19, at the end of the World War I . After graduation, he worked for the British Commonwealth Union as political secretary to Sir Patrick Hannon MP , studying law in his spare time. He entered Gray's Inn and

16236-401: Was embroiled in the controversy surrounding the hanging of Derek Bentley . Maxwell Fyfe had controversially refused to grant a reprieve to Bentley despite the written petitions of 200 MPs and the claim that Bentley was mentally retarded allegedly having a mental age of only 11. However, on most issues he was on the progressive wing of the Conservative Party, opposing the proposals in 1953 for

16368-543: Was extensively refurbished to house a new teaching laboratory facility (the Peter Buttery Laboratory) and the staff of the Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics. Expansion of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science has prompted the construction of new clinical teaching areas and a mock veterinary practice on the campus in 2022/23. Since 1908 Sutton Bonington has had an official ( Met Office listed) automatic weather monitoring station situated on

16500-537: Was formed in 2017, by the amalgamation of Central College Nottingham and New College Nottingham (which had both previously formed from the merger of smaller FE colleges); and the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies , owned by Nottingham Trent University, is a further education college that specialises in media. The city has dozens of sixth form colleges and academies, providing education and training for adults aged over sixteen. Nottingham also has

16632-521: Was granted its charter in 1948), Sutton Bonington was initially home to two of the university's six faculties (Agriculture and Horticulture). This move was part of a major shift in the teaching of agricultural sciences in the region. Each of the original local authorities set up their own agricultural college to teach practical agriculture: In the meantime the new faculties at Sutton Bonington quickly phased out practical courses and instead focused on academic research and graduate and post-graduate teaching. It

16764-423: Was initially intended that the new colleges would feed their brightest and most able students into the new university. The site at Sutton Bonington continued to grow during the latter part of the 20th century, during this period the two initial faculties were merged into one: the faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences. The end of the 20th century saw the faculty initially merged with the faculty of Biology to form

16896-507: Was named one of the UK's six science cities in 2005 by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . Among the science-based industries within the city is BioCity . Founded as a joint venture between Nottingham Trent University and the University of Nottingham, it is the UK's biggest bioscience innovation and incubation centre, housing around 80 science-based companies. In 2010, Nottingham City Council announced that

17028-533: Was one of the most noted cross-examinations in history. After Nuremberg, Maxwell Fyfe returned to Parliament to shadow the Minister of Labour while simultaneously pursuing a full, busy and prominent career at the Bar , for example defending serial murderer John George Haigh in 1949. Reputedly, he would arrive at the House of Commons at around 5.00 pm, often stay throughout debates that lasted all night then, after

17160-662: Was originally confined to the area today known as the Lace Market and was surrounded by a substantial defensive ditch and rampart, which fell out of use following the Norman Conquest and was filled by the time of the Domesday Book (1086). Following the Norman Conquest the Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around

17292-447: Was reported that Nottingham was one of a number of UK cities that broke WHO air pollution guidelines for the maximum concentration of small particulate matter; the pollution in part being caused by harmful wood-burning stoves. Nottingham is bounded by a green belt area, provisionally drawn up from the 1950s. Completely encircling the city, it extends for several miles into the surrounding districts, as well as towards Derby. Like most of

17424-664: Was responsible for guiding several complicated pieces of legislation through the Commons, in particular those that established commercial television . He gained a reputation as a hard-working, thorough and reliable cabinet member. In 1952, the Director General of MI5 (DG) was made directly answerable to the Home Secretary rather than the Prime Minister. Given this novel responsibility, Maxwell Fyfe issued

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