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61-732: The Trento-Bondone Hill Climb is a hillclimbing competition starting in Trento and finishing on the Monte Bondone , organised by the Scuderia Trentina of the Automobile Club d'Italia . The first competition event was held on 5 July 1925. The course is 17.3 km (10.75 mi) in length. It was described as "an absurdly dramatic climb" that begins in the Adige valley at 275 metres elevation and climbs to 1650 metres in

122-661: A 1971 Yamaha XS650. The MG Car Club of Queensland Inc. (est. 1954) built the Mount Cotton Hillclimb circuit and continues with its current management and operation. The first event held at this facility was on Sunday 18 February 1968. The dedicated 946 metres of tarmac circuit hosts the annual Queensland Hillclimb Championships, the Club's annual six round Hillclimb series and inter-club competitions. The Australian Hillclimb Championships have been held there on at least 9 occasions. Australia's longest hillclimb course

183-511: A Sport Prototype even now at the age of 80), Mauro Nesti (over 20 championships between Italy and Europe, from the 1970s to the 1990s), Ezio Baribbi (three times Italian champion), Fabio Danti (1994 Italian champion, 1995-96 European champion, died in 2000), Pasquale Irlando (Italian champion in the early 1990s and European champion in the last 1990s, the one who turned the Osella PA20), Franz Tschager (three times European champion in

244-405: A forgery. In 889 the town was given merchant, customs, and coinage privileges by King Arnulf of Carinthia . Osnabrück was first referred to in records as a "city" in 1147. A decade later, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa granted the city fortification privileges ( Befestigungsrecht ). Most of the towers which were part of the original fortifications are still visible in the city. Osnabrück became

305-431: A garrison near the city, which at one point was the largest British garrison in the world, housing some 4,000 troops and employing around 500 local civilians. It was the target of a PIRA attack in 1996 . Due to budget cuts, the troops were withdrawn in 2008 and the property returned to the local government. After three centuries, the city finally obtained its university when the government of Lower Saxony established

366-680: A member of the Hanseatic League in the 12th century, as well as a member of the Westphalian Federation of Cities . The history of the town in the later Middle Ages was recorded in a chronicle by Albert Suho , one of Osnabrück's most important clerics in the 15th century. From 1561 to 1639 there was a considerable amount of social unrest and tension in Osnabrück due to the Protestant Reformation ,

427-613: A timed race on the 18-kilometre (11 mi) Kiambu-Ndumberi road. Some of the drivers who have competed in the Kiamburing TT include Amir Mohamed (winner 2013 Kiamburing TT Endurance event ) and Kay Wachira (winner 2014 Kiamburing TT Slalom Challenge). Returning to the Kiambu motoring circuit in 2015, Mohamed died in a crash during practice. Osnabr%C3%BCck Osnabrück ( German: [ɔsnaˈbʁʏk] ; Westphalian : Ossenbrügge ; archaic English: Osnaburg )

488-562: Is VfL Osnabrück , founded in 1899. Currently, the team plays in the 2. Bundesliga . Its basketball team was founded the same year. The Schlosswallhalle has been home to the GiroLive Panthers Osnabrück of the 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga . The current mayor of Osnabrück is Katharina Pötter ( CDU ), elected in September 2021. Osnabrück is part of the electoral constituency Stadt Osnabrück for elections to

549-660: Is a city in Lower Saxony in western Germany. It is situated on the river Hase in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest . With a population of 168,145 Osnabrück is the fourth largest city in Lower Saxony. More recently Osnabrück has become well known for its industry. Numerous companies in the automobile, paper, steel and grocery sectors are located in

610-661: Is the Poatina Hillclimb, a temporary closed road course that features an elevation gain of 580 m (1,900 ft) in 10.6 km (6.6 mi), climbing Mount Blackwood from the Norfolk Plains to the Central Plateau of Northern Tasmania. The inaugural event, conducted in February 2014, covered 7.2 km (4.5 mi); the second running, in 2015, saw the course extended. South Australia features

671-688: Is the most popular and famous hillclimb, being held since 1927, most of the editions as part of the European Championship. In Romania, the first major event was the Feleac course, in Cluj . From 1930, it was a round in the European Hill Climb Championship . A record of the Feleac was set by famous German racer Hans Stuck in 1938, driving a 600 bhp (450 kW) Auto Union Grand Prix car. Stuck stormed through

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732-738: Is thought to be the steepest bitumen surface in Australia, and so was only used during race events. Burgundy Street in Heidelberg was used for early Hillclimbs. The course at Rob Roy hosts race meets regularly, including rounds of the Victorian Hillclimb Championships. It is located just off Clintons Road, Christmas Hills in an area of Smiths Gully known as Rob Roy. Mount Tarrengower, near Maldon in Central Victoria , has an annual Hillclimb hosted by

793-467: The Alps , for an average gradient of 7.9%. The track is part of the European Hill Climb Championship . In 2014, the course was recreated in the videogame Assetto Corsa . This motorsport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hillclimbing Hillclimbs in continental Europe are usually held on courses which are several kilometres long, taking advantage of

854-795: The Bundestag . The city of Osnabrück is connected by road to the A1 , the A30 and the A33 . It shares its airport with Münster . Osnabrück Hauptbahnhof (central railway station) is an important rail travel hub. Travellers from the Netherlands heading to either Hamburg , Denmark, or Eastern Europe often have to change here. An extensive bus network operated by the Stadtwerke Osnabrück (public utility provider) provides public transport within

915-511: The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg , with priority given to the cadets of what became the House of Hanover . From 1667, prince-bishop Ernest Augustus , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , built the new baroque palace. His son, George I of Great Britain , died in the palace, at the time residence of his younger brother, prince-bishop Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany , on a travel on 11 June 1727. In

976-643: The Franks , in 780. Some time prior to 803, the city became the seat of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück . Although the precise date is uncertain, it is likely that Osnabrück is the oldest bishopric in Lower Saxony. In the year 804 Charlemagne was said to have founded the Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück . This would make it the oldest German Gymnasium school, but the charter date is disputed by historians, some of whom believe it could be

1037-579: The Nazi Party received the greatest percentage of votes in the city (nearly 28%) – a more than seven-fold increase from their electoral performance in Osnabrück two years prior. During the campaigns prior to the two federal elections in 1932, both Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels made well-attended speeches in the city. Following the Nazis' seizure of power in January 1933, Osnabrück was subjected to

1098-579: The New Zealand motor sport calendar. Race to the Sky was based near Queenstown . Held every Easter from 1998 until 2007, it starts from the floor of the Cardrona Valley and runs uphill for 15 km (9.3 mi) through 137 corners to the top, climbing from 1,500 ft (460 m) to 5,000 ft (1,500 m) averaging a 1:11 gradient . The driver with the greatest number of "Race to

1159-703: The Porsche 909 Bergspyder being the most extreme, weighing in at only 384kg. Thus, most German hillclimbs are in the Mittelgebirge regions, but even the rather flat northern part of Germany has hillclimbs, like the one in Hilter near Osnabrück , which is part of the German ″Berg Cup″ series. In the 2023 calendar, Schottenring , Wolsfeld , Iberg near Heilbad Heiligenstadt , Homburg, Saarland , Hauenstein near Hausen, Rhön-Grabfeld , Eichenbühl , Mickhausen are

1220-503: The Thirty Years' War and also witch hunting. In 1582, during the rule of Mayor Hammacher (1565–1588), 163 women were executed as alleged witches; most of them were burned alive. In total, 276 women were executed, along with 2 men who had been charged with wizardry. The first Lutheran services were held in Osnabrück in 1543. Over the next century, Lutheranism expanded in the city and several Protestant bishops were elected. However,

1281-472: The University and the University of Applied Sciences . Although part of the state of Lower Saxony, historically, culturally and linguistically Osnabrück is considered part of the region of Westphalia . The origin of the name Osnabrück is disputed. The suffix -brück suggests a bridge over or to something (from German Brücke = bridge) but the prefix Osna- is explained in at least two different ways:

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1342-447: The University of Osnabrück in 1974. Largest foreign resident groups in Osnabrück as of 31 December 2017 : The climate is Cfb (near Dfb ) with warm, rainy summers and chilly to cold, dark winters. There are two higher education institutions in Osnabrück, University of Osnabrück and Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences with more than 25,000 students. All of the types of German grammar schools are represented in

1403-611: The 1950s, attracting drivers from the Pacific Northwest. Hillclimb races were held in México in the 1960s and 1970s in places like El Chico, Puebla and Lagunas de Zempoala . On July 27, 1969, a very talented Mexican driver, Moisés Solana , died in the "Hill Climb Valle de Bravo-Bosencheve". Since September 30 2017, Pedro Vargas founded the San Pedro Martir Hill Climb; the event is held in

1464-428: The 1970s and early 1980s. Notable champions from this period include Pierre Maublanc (1967 and 1968), Daniel Rouveyran (1969), Hervé Bayard (1970) and Jimmy Mieusset (1971, 1972, 1973 and 1974). The best-known Course de Côte are Mont Ventoux and Mont-Dore . Germany has a long hillclimbing tradition, with some manufacturers of cars or motorcycles entering factory teams until ″Bergrennen″ became amateur events in

1525-541: The 1970s. Two states, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Baden-Württemberg , do not allow hillclimbing racing events anymore, mostly due to environmental reasons. Thus, the probably most famous event, the Freiburg-Schauinsland race in the Black Forest, is not a competition anymore like almost 100 years ago, when the fourth International Schauinsland hillclimb at Freiburg was held on August 5, 1928: "A car made

1586-581: The 250 prisoners died of starvation and maltreatment before the subcamp's dissolution in May 1943. Osnabrück was also the location of the Oflag VI-C and Oflag 66 prisoner-of-war camps for Serbian, French and Belgian officers. The war ended for Osnabrück on 4 April 1945, when the XVII Corps of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's Second Army entered the city with little resistance. By this time,

1647-518: The 7 km (4.3 mi) gravel course in 2 min 56 sec. In recent decades, the course was widened in order to be suitable for intense traffic and therefore is considered inappropriate for auto racing. The modern Romanian hillclimbing event is the Viteză în Coastă or Campionatul Național de Viteză pe Traseu Montan (VTM). There are several traditional hillclimbing race events in Slovakia. Some of

1708-890: The British and continental European championships. Hillclimbing is also relevant to motorcycle sport; the governing body is the National Hill Climb Association. In the Italian championship, also known as the Campionato Italiano Velocità Montagna , there are the longest and most challenging hillclimbs like Trento-Bondone , Coppa Bruno Carotti (the Italian races in FIA European Hill Climb Championship ), Pedavena-Croce d'Aune , Monte Erice and Verzegnis-Sella Chianzutan , which are also

1769-664: The Catholic churches continued to operate, and the city never became completely Lutheran. After the Thirty Years' War broke out, a Catholic bishop was elected in 1623, and the city was occupied by troops of the Catholic League in 1628. The Gymnasium Carolinum was upgraded to a Jesuit university in 1632, but the university was closed a year later when the city was taken by Swedish troops and restored to Protestant control. Peace negotiations took place in Osnabrück and

1830-511: The Hill Challenge (limited to 84 entries), for standard production and unrestricted cars in various classes, takes place over the weekend. The Saturday is for practice and pre-qualifying, while Sunday features final qualifying, the class finals and then the category shoot outs. The course length is 1.9 km (1.2 mi) up Simola Hill. It is very fast with the 2018 winning average speed being 192.524 km/h (119.629 mph) . There

1891-699: The Mexican state of Baja California. The temporary course was set on the road to the National Astronomical Observatory situated on the San Pedro Mártir mountain range, on a stretch from km marker 50 to km marker 80. As of 2024, it is regarded as the longest hill climb in the world. The overall ascent record was set by the late Carlin Dunne at 14' 58" piloting a Honda CRF 450 c.c. supermoto. An Australian Hillclimb Championship

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1952-752: The Mountains". The high-powered supercharged Grand Prix cars were often modified to use twin rear tyres, like trucks, to provide better traction. Germany has only a small share of the Alps and few climbs there, like ″Jochrennen″ from Hindelang to Oberjoch , with the Rossfeld race in the Berchtesgaden Alps being a part of the 1965 World Sportscar Championship . At that time, Porsche entered lightweight open-top ″Bergspyder″ variants as their racing models were made for endurance racing up to 24 hours, with

2013-568: The Sky" outright wins (8) is Nobuhiro "Monster" Tajima , driving his custom built Suzuki Escudo hillclimb special vehicle. The best-known hillclimb event in South Africa is held annually in early May during the Knysna Speed Festival, currently known as The Simola Hillclimb and founded in 2009. It is a three-day event, with Classic Car Friday reserved for cars built prior to 1990 and restricted to 65 entries. The King of

2074-607: The Victorian Vintage Sports Car Club, Bendigo Light Car Club and the Historic Motorcycle Racing Association of Victoria. The event is held on the 3rd weekend of October. It is now a "classics" only event, after a serious accident in the 1970s. Vintage motorcycles are now a feature of this event. Current champion is 2 time winner and only female competitor to take the title in the history of the climb, Stacey Heaney on

2135-481: The aftermath of the fatal collision between cars at the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in 1955 . However, this prohibition does not extend to events where drivers compete only indirectly via the clock. Events such as rallies, hillclimbs and slaloms are very popular, including the FIA European Hill Climb Championship . The most known hillclimb races are the Gurnigelrennen , the course en côte Ayent – Anzère ,

2196-600: The arrival of electricity and modern sanitation. By 1914, Osnabrück had over 70,000 inhabitants. The outbreak of the First World War necessitated food rationing; the Allied blockade and a harsh winter in 1917 led to further shortages. Following Germany's defeat in 1918, a council made up of workers and soldiers took control during the November Revolution , but were replaced by the new Weimar Republic

2257-469: The available hills and mountains including the Alps . The most prestigious competition is the FIA European Hill Climb Championship . An Austrian venue: Gaisberg . An historic course is at Semmering. The French hill climb championship , or Championnat de France de la Montagne , has been one of the most competitive of the European national series, attracting many new F2 and 2-litre sports cars during

2318-585: The best known and most popular include the Pezinská Baba hillclimb race and the Dobšinský Kopec hillclimb race. One of the most well known Slovak drivers competing in local and international hillclimb events is Jozef Béreš. Béreš is also very popular on social media networks thanks to the videos of him driving his legendary Audi Quattro S1 racecar. Motor racing was banned in Switzerland in

2379-464: The city ) did not share in this growth and found themselves discriminated against, imprisoned or forced to close their businesses and leave town. During World War II , both Jews and Romani people were deported to concentration camps and extermination camps en masse. In October 1942, a subcamp of the 2nd SS construction brigade ( forced labour camp) in Bremen was established in Osnabrück. 86 of

2440-558: The city and its surrounding area. In spite of the massive destruction inflicted on the city during World War II , the Altstadt (old town) was eventually reconstructed extensively with designs loyal to the original medieval architecture there. Osnabrück was also the home of the largest British garrison outside the United Kingdom. Osnabrück's modern, urban image is enhanced by the presence of more than 22,000 students studying at

2501-438: The city and the surrounding region. [2] The central hub is situated on Neumarkt close to the main shopping street, roughly 10 minutes' walk from the railway station. The city is divided into 23 districts: Osnabrück is twinned with: Previously Osnabrück had made contact with the British authorities as early as 1948, hoping to find an English twin town and therefore achieve greater understanding with their former enemies in

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2562-556: The city had been extensively bombed and required major reconstructive programmes following the war's end. Leading Nazis fled the city and the British appointed a new mayor, Johannes Petermann. However, during the allied occupation of Germany a British military governor, Colonel Geoffrey Day was placed in charge of administering the city. Relations between the occupiers and the citizens of Osnabrück were generally peaceful, though tensions existed; some minor fights broke out between British soldiers and local youths and some Osnabrückers resented

2623-643: The city in 1795, followed by the French in 1803. As a result, the town's population was kept below 10,000 for the whole first decade of the 19th century. The Napoleonic period saw possession of the city change hands several times. Control of Osnabrück passed to the Electorate of Hanover in 1803 during the German Mediatisation , and then briefly to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1806. From 1807 to 1810

2684-408: The city was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia , after which it passed to the First French Empire . After 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of Hanover . The town's first railway line was built in 1855, connecting it with Löhne . Further rail connections appeared over the following decades, connecting Osnabrück with Emden from 1856, Cologne from 1871 and Hamburg from 1874. In 1866, Osnabrück

2745-564: The city, including seven Gymnasien . Gymnasium Carolinum claims to be the oldest still existing school in Germany. Another well-known Gymnasium is the Ursulaschule, a private school, located directly opposite the Carolinum. The University of Osnabrück invested heavily in infrastructure to take on more students for the following years. Osnabrück, Germany, offers several vocational schools (Berufsbildende Schulen, or BBS) that provide practical education and training across various fields. Here are some notable institutions The city's football team

2806-475: The course en côte St. Ursanne – Les Rangiers , and the historic Klausen Hill Climb known as the Klausenpassrennen. Ludovico Scarfiotti clinched the European hillclimb championship at Ollon-Villars on August 30, 1965, driving a Dino Ferrari 2-litre. Canada's best known hillclimb event is the Knox Mountain Hillclimb, held in Kelowna , British Columbia . It is a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) paved road, climbing 245 m (804 ft). It has run annually since

2867-435: The early 18th century, renowned local jurist and social theorist Justus Möser wrote a highly influential constitutional history of the town, the Osnabrücker Geschichte . Following the Seven Years' War , the town's population fell below 6,000, however an economic revival linked to the linen and tobacco industries caused it to rise again from the 1780s onwards. The French Revolutionary Wars brought Prussian troops into

2928-584: The early 2000s), Simone Faggioli (the real Italian champion of the 2000s) and Denny Zardo (Italian champion in 2005 and 2008, European champion in 2003) Hillclimbing is a very popular sport on the island of Malta . Numerous events are organised annually by the Island Car Club . Participants are divided according to their type of vehicle into various categories ranging from single seaters to saloon cars. There are several traditional hillclimbing race events in Portugal, and its national championship growing in popularity since 2010. Falperra International Hill Climb

2989-474: The events in Germany. Additional rounds are held in Luxembourg, Austria or Switzerland. In Great Britain, the format is different from that in other parts of Europe, with courses being much shorter. Cairncastle is Great Britain's longest hillclimb at 1.65 miles (2904 yards). These short courses are more akin to uphill sprints – and almost always take under one minute for the fastest drivers to complete. For this reason, cars and drivers do not generally cross between

3050-417: The fastest time of the day, Heusser's Bugatti putting up 74.009 km/h, the fastest motorcycle being Stegmann's DKW at 69.6 km/h." Caracciola (Mercedes) won the over two-litre racing car class. In the 1930s, during the era of the famous "Silver Arrows" from Auto Union and Mercedes-Benz , Hans Stuck (1900–1978) dominated European hillclimbing, which earned him the nickname "Bergkönig" or "King of

3111-423: The following year. Similarly to many other German cities, Osnabrück experienced considerable inflation and unemployment in the 1920s, with over 2,000 out of work by 1923 and nearly 14,000 receiving some form of government assistance by 1928. Politically, Osnabrück in the 1920s was a stronghold of support for the Social Democrats and the Catholic Centre Party . However, in the Reichstag elections of September 1930,

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3172-406: The historic permanent venue Collingrove , as well as annual temporary venues including Mount Alma Mile, Willunga, Legend Of The Lakes and the state's longest course is the Eden Valley Hillclimb at 3.7 km (2.3 mi). Hillclimbing is a popular club event in New Zealand , although a number of international competitors and foreign motor racing enthusiasts attend the premiere hillclimb event on

3233-425: The implementation of National Socialist economic, political, and social programmes. These resulted in economic growth for ethnic Germans who did not run afoul of the new regime, and the town went from having over 10,000 unemployed in early 1933 to actually having a labour shortage five years later. However, dissenters, supporters of opposition parties and German Jews (who had experienced centuries of discrimination in

3294-432: The meaning "bridge to the gods", and previously Tacitus named people living near the grey river (Hase) Chasuarii . It may also be noted that Osnabrück is situated on the northern end of the Teutoburg Forest , which until the 19th century was known as the Osning. The city gave its name to the textile fabric of osnaburg . Osnabrück initially developed as a marketplace next to the bishopric founded by Charlemagne , King of

3355-480: The most known. Hillclimbing in Italy became famous in the 1970s, early 1980s, between 1994 and 2000 and at the end of the 2000s, especially in the last two periods thanks to TV services, magazines and live Internet commentaries. The most famous Italian drivers, who won a lot even in Europe, are Ludovico Scarfiotti (famous Ferrari driver who won the F1 race in Monza 1966), " Noris " (he won almost every race in Italy until 1972, when he died), Domenico Scola (who runs

3416-404: The nearby city of Münster from 1643 to 1648. The twin Treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, collectively known as the Peace of Westphalia , ended the Thirty Years' War. Osnabrück was officially recognized as bi-confessional Catholic and Lutheran. The prince-bishopric would be held alternately by a Catholic bishop and a Lutheran bishop. The Protestant bishop would be selected from the descendants of

3477-453: The relationships that developed between the occupiers and local women. Additionally, the British took over more than seventy homes for their own use by the middle of 1946. Amidst shortages, the black market thrived and became one of the main focuses of police activity. After World War II West Germany realigned its states; Osnabrück became part of the new state of Lower Saxony in 1946. The British continued to maintain Osnabrück Garrison ,

3538-441: The traditional explanation is that today's name is a corruption of Ossenbrügge (westphalian meaning "oxen bridge"), which is etymologically and historically impossible, because the town is older than this corruption of consonants (documented in 13th century, Osnabrück was founded in 8th century), but others state that it is derived from the name of the Hase River which is arguably derived from Asen ( Æsir ), thus giving Osnabrück

3599-423: Was annexed by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War and administered as part of the Province of Hanover . Growth of the local economy and population was fuelled by expansion in the engineering and textile industries, with the Hammersen Weaving Mill established in 1869 and the Osnabrücker Kupfer- und Drahtwerk metallurgical firm following in 1873. The later 19th century also saw growth in the number of schools and

3660-423: Was first staged in 1938 and has been contested annually since 1947. Hillclimbing in Australia dates back to the early 1900s, and was most prevalent in the city of Melbourne , at locations such as Templestowe , Heidelberg and Rob Roy . The course at Templestowe still exists today in the Domain Wetlands. The course was never trafficable due to the massive incline known as "the wall", with an incline ratio of 1:2.5

3721-461: Was no event in 2013 and 2020. 2020 was cancelled due to COVID-19. The eleventh running of the event was held on 3-5 September 2021. The Kiamburing TT is an annual hillclimb event in Kenya . It is the first of its kind in East Africa and inspired by other international hillclimb events. It is a time attack event run on a closed course. The event held in Kiambu County in October 20, 2013 brought together over 15 high performance cars to compete in

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