56-640: The Tuen Ma line ( Chinese : 屯馬綫 ) is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. Coloured brown on the map, the Tuen Ma line is 56.2 kilometres (34.9 mi) in length, making it the longest line of the MTR network. It has a total of 27 stations, more than any other in the MTR system. The Tuen Ma line is a merger of two former MTR lines,
112-707: A newly built eight-car EMU , manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles , entered service on the line. Before the merger of the two major Hong Kong railway operators, the MTR Corporation (MTRC) and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) rail networks in 2007, both the West Rail (opened in 2003) and the Ma On Shan Rail (opened in 2004) were operated by KCRC. Both railways were envisaged to be extended in
168-588: A retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to
224-509: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from
280-529: A list of the stations on the Tuen Ma line. Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan , the set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until
336-733: A proposal for Tuen Mun South station near the Tuen Mun Ferry Pier , the MTRCL has proposed in the latest project proposal to add an additional station in Tuen Mun Area 16 . Building an intermediate section in Tuen Mun Area 16 will require the Tuen Mun Swimming Pool to be relocated. A possible relocation for the Tuen Mun Swimming Pool is at the Tuen Mun Golf Centre; the specific plan depends on
392-717: A rail reservation that existed from the outset of the development of Ma On Shan New Town . However, the section between Shek Mun and Tai Shui Hang is at ground level, located between the carriageways of the Tate's Cairn Highway , along with the section between Tai Wai to Hin Keng , which is also partially on an embankment and parallel to the East Rail line . The line then goes underground through Diamond Hill station and Kowloon City before emerging into open air near Hung Hom station at ground level. The line then heads southwest into
448-457: A tunnel after the station and descending underground through East Tsim Sha Tsui and Austin stations (the former having originally being served by the East Rail line, and the track heading northwards through the latter), before returning to ground level (though still fully covered) at Nam Cheong station . The track then runs northwest through a sealed box tunnel just to the north to and under
504-812: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;
560-640: Is 56.2 km (34.9 mi) long with 27 stations, and a complete journey lasts 73 minutes in either direction. There are ten interchange stations : Tai Wai and Hung Hom with the East Rail line ; Diamond Hill and Ho Man Tin with the Kwun Tong line ; Nam Cheong with the Tung Chung line ; Mei Foo with the Tsuen Wan line ; Yuen Long , Tin Shui Wai , Siu Hong and Tuen Mun which connects to
616-518: Is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong . In earlier times Kwai Chung was called Kwai Chung Tsai ( 葵涌子 ). Kwai Chung was a stream (Chung) that emptied into Gin Drinkers Bay ( 葵涌澳 ). The whole bay was reclaimed for land and the stream is no longer visible. Traditionally, Kwai Chung is divided into Sheung Kwai Chung ( 上葵涌 ; 'Upper Kwai Chung'), and Ha Kwai Chung ( 下葵涌 ; 'Lower Kwai Chung'). Administratively,
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#1732791047941672-493: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to
728-756: The Kensiu language . Kwai Chung Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong . Together with Tsing Yi Island , it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong . It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town . In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km . Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong , Kwai Hing , Lai King , Tai Wo Hau . Kwai Chung
784-464: The Light Rail . The line has two maintenance depots at Tai Wai and Pat Heung. Like all MTR lines, the Tuen Ma line is grade separated throughout its entire length. It is mainly underground in the urban sections of Kowloon and Tsuen Wan , and at-grade or elevated in the rest of the New Territories . Most of the original Ma On Shan line (between Tai Wai and Wu Kai Sha) is built on a viaduct on
840-718: The Lion Rock Tunnel between Hin Keng and the Ma Chai Hang Recreation Ground was constructed using the drill-and-blast method. While road and rail traffic in Hong Kong move on the left , the eastern section of the Tuen Ma line is an exception, as trains move on the right between Sung Wong Toi and Wu Kai Sha. This allows the southbound tracks of this line and the East Rail Line to lie opposite each other at Tai Wai, such that cross-platform interchange could be provided there. This design
896-640: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝ 'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for
952-557: The West Kowloon Highway through Lai Chi Kok Park into Mei Foo station , which has a ground-level/underground hybrid design. Bored tunnels traverse densely populated Kwai Chung and under the Tsuen Wan line towards Tsuen Wan West station on reclaimed land , after which a 5.5 km (3.4 mi) bored rock tunnel, the Tai Lam Tunnel , takes trains through Tai Lam Country Park . The line then emerges from
1008-521: The West Rail while they were part of the KCR network. For much of its existence, the Ma On Shan line was, in the Hong Kong context, classified as a medium-capacity system . However, it is capable of passenger volumes of up to 32,000 passengers per hour per direction (PPHPD), which is comparable to the passenger capacity of a full rapid transit or "metro" system. Furthermore, the line has been upgraded to
1064-594: The West Rail line and the Ma On Shan line via a new stretch of mostly underground railway known as the "Tai Wai to Hung Hom section" ( 大圍至紅磡段 ) of the Sha Tin to Central Link project. It consists of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) of track and six new intermediate stations. The Tai Wai to Kai Tak section (大圍至啟德段) opened on 14 February 2020, while the Kai Tak to Hung Hom section opened on 27 June 2021, thereby completing
1120-612: The radio -based SelTrac CBTC at a later stage to increase capacity. The first two converted 8-car SP1900 trains were introduced to the Ma On Shan line on 15 January 2017. During the transition period with both 4-car and 8-car trains in service, passengers had to pay attention to the platform LCD screens and announcements to queue at the right part of the platforms. Since December 2017, the Ma On Shan line has been run fully by 8-car trains and all stations retrofitted with automatic platform gates identical to those installed at elevated stations on MTR's other lines. The former West Rail line
1176-426: The East Rail and West Rail lines, which runs on those lines with twelve-car and eight-car configurations respectively (previously seven cars on the latter, though all has been converted to eight cars and used on the entire line following its completion). They were the only trains in use until March 2017, when newly built eight-car Tuen Ma line trains , manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles , entered service on
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#17327910479411232-650: The KCRC were leased to the MTRC for 50 years. The MTRC also rebranded the three commuter railways to East Rail line, West Rail line and Ma On Shan linetts like their own railways. Subsequently, the approved SCL schemes fall into the hands of the MTRC. The construction of East West Corridor, which largely followed an alignment proposed by the MTRC in the 1970s as the East Kowloon line and later shelved, began in August 2016. At
1288-510: The Kowloon bound traffic between Tai Wai and Kowloon Tong stations of the East Rail Line, which is overcrowded during peak hours. However, the then MTRC chairman, Frederick Ma , insisted that they aimed at inaugurating the whole line in mid-2019 to avoid the extra resources required for operating the line in separate phases. On 18 July 2019, the Transport and Housing Bureau announced that
1344-555: The Ma On Shan line. Both of these models have a maximum running speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), but only reach a maximum service speed of 130 km/h (81 mph) on the long section between Kam Sheung Road and Tsuen Wan West stations. Unlike the trains on the East Rail line, there are no first-class compartments . All trains were serviced at Tai Wai depot and are equipped with the SelTrac IS moving-block signalling system for train protection , with provision for upgrading to
1400-555: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China
1456-479: The Tuen Ma line would open in two phases. On 14 February 2020, the Ma On Shan Line was extended from Tai Wai station to Kai Tak station because the latter has a crossover track which permits the operation of the station as a terminus. The extension, named Tuen Ma line Phase 1, was expected to alleviate significant congestion on the East Rail line between Tai Wai and Kowloon Tong stations in preparation for
1512-587: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,
1568-597: The West Rail and the Ma On Shan Rail via the Wong Tai Sin and Kowloon City districts (the phase 1 East West Corridor), and extending East Rail line to Hong Kong Island 's central business district (phase 2 North South Corridor). After the 2007 network merger, operations of all transport services (East Rail, West Rail, Ma On Shan Rail, Light Rail , feeder buses and Guangzhou–Kowloon through train ) of
1624-543: The detailed planning and design of the Tuen Mun South Extension project, and will negotiate with the MTR Corporation on the financing arrangements for the Tuen Mun South Extension on the basis of the "ownership" model for the project. Not all trains on Tuen Ma line run the entirety of the line. Shorter trips occur regularly during peak hours and at the start or end of service: The following is
1680-454: The former West Rail line were converted to 8-car trains in anticipation of the Sha Tin to Central Link ; this was completed in May 2018. During the transition period with both 7-car and 8-car trains in service, passengers had to pay attention to the platform LCD screens and announcements to queue at the right part of the platforms. They were the only trains in use on the line until March 2020, when
1736-589: The former is called North Kwai Chung , and the latter South Kwai Chung . Sheung Kwai Chung, Chung Kwai Chung Village ( 中葵涌村 ) and Ha Kwai Chung Village ( 下葵涌村 ) are recognized villages under the New Territories Small House Policy . Kwai Chung is the home of the principal commercial cargo handling area of Hong Kong , the Kwai Chung Container Terminal , one of the largest and busiest port facilities in
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1792-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from
1848-405: The left-hand running used on the original West Rail Line. Since its opening as part of the KCR system, the interchange station at Tai Wai has not had ticket gates between the Ma On Shan Rail and East Rail platforms, unlike at the former KCR system's interchanges with the MTR system; a trip from either line to the other counted as one ride. There was no direct connection between these two lines and
1904-516: The line. During the planning and construction phase, this line was referred to as the "East West Corridor" ( 東西走廊 ). On 25 May 2018, the operational name "Tuen Ma line" was confirmed by the MTR Corporation, reflecting the names of Tuen Mun and Ma On Shan where the line's two termini are located. The full journey time is about 73 minutes. The line starts at Tuen Mun station , Tuen Mun and ends at Wu Kai Sha in Wu Kai Sha , Ma On Shan . It
1960-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as
2016-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In
2072-983: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often
2128-452: The middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of the predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is
2184-541: The near future and platforms on the Ma On Shan line were built with reserved structures for extension at a later date. Both MTRC and KCRC independently submitted their own proposals to the Hong Kong government for developing the Sha Tin to Central Link (SCL) by extending their own existing networks. After numerous revisions of their proposals, the government eventually approved the scheme by KCRC, which involved joining
2240-677: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as
2296-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as
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2352-557: The shortening of trainsets as part of preparatory works for the cross-harbour extension of that line. The remaining section of the Tuen Ma line, from Kai Tak to Hung Hom, opened on 27 June 2021. In May 2020, the Government submitted a proposal for the Tuen Mun South Extension to the Legislative Council Subcommittee on Railway Matters. In addition to the "Railway Development Strategy 2014", which includes
2408-469: The standard of a full-capacity system in anticipation of the Sha Tin to Central Link , which will extend it to the heart of Kowloon and result in a merger with the full-capacity West Rail line. KCRC initially ordered 18 sets of 4-car SP1950 trains, built by Kinki Sharyo , running on the Ma On Shan line; they have all since been converted to eight cars. The train is the same model as the SP1900 sets used on
2464-400: The structure from scratch. The Hong Kong government also expressed disappointment in the MTRC executives for their incompetent supervision. Michael Tien , former KCRC chairman, suggested that it was technically feasible to have the Ma On Shan line be initially extended from Tai Wai to Diamond Hill station instead of delaying the opening of the entire line. This has the advantage of spreading
2520-401: The technical feasibility study. If, after research, it is confirmed that the above-mentioned location is not suitable, MTRCL will identify other possible locations. Considering that the detailed planning and design of the project will take about two to three years, the Tuen Mun South Extension started construction in 2023 and will be completed in 2030. The government has invited MTRCL to carry out
2576-415: The time, it was unclear how MTRC would name the new lines or whether they would retain the provisional names "East West Corridor" and "North South Corridor"; the word "corridor" would set a precedent in the naming convention of MTR lines. Speculation of a "East West Line" arose when a photograph of an info plate printed with "EWL" (東西綫) at Ho Man Tin station while it was under construction surfaced. The plate
2632-636: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with
2688-985: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write
2744-620: The tunnel just south of the train depot at Pat Heung and initially runs at-grade, and later on an embankment as it approaches Kam Sheung Road station . The rest of the line is fully elevated and constructed on a continuous viaduct , running in a westerly direction through the new towns of Yuen Long and turning towards the south at Tin Shui Wai , before taking a bend towards the Tuen Mun River and eventually terminating at Tuen Mun station . Construction methods predominantly include tunnel boring machines and cut-and-cover , though
2800-518: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being
2856-587: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c. 200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c. the 5th century . Although
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#17327910479412912-616: The world. The main commercial port was relocated here from Yau Ma Tei in the 1980s, in preparation for the West Kowloon Reclamation , which has left the original waterfront of Yau Ma Tei almost half a mile inland. The area has the head office of Kerry Logistics . Sheung Kwai Chung and Chung Kwai Chung (Upper and Central Kwai Chung) are in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 64, which includes multiple aided schools (schools operated independently of
2968-514: Was postponed by about two years. The head contractor of the SCL construction, Leighton Asia, subsidiary of the CIMIC Group , was accused of covering up construction defects until a whistleblower from a subcontractor leaked photo evidence to the press. This led to more thorough investigations, hearings and inspections behind the set concrete for assessing if it would require demolition and rebuilding
3024-421: Was removed before the opening of the station that year as part of the Kwun Tong line extension to Whampoa . MTRC eventually announced on 25 May 2018 that the operational name was the Tuen Ma line. The Tuen Ma line was planned to be fully operational in 2019, but after the newly built platforms at Hung Hom station failed a safety inspection which occurred between December 2018 and January 2019, its full opening
3080-484: Was served by 33 eight-car SP1900 trains built by a Japanese consortium of Kinki Sharyo and Kawasaki Heavy Industries , of which 22 were originally ordered by KCRC as seven-car trains for the initial opening of the line. Up to 26 sets run during the morning peak service with a 171-second headway ; MTRC specifies capacities of 52 seated and 286 standing passengers per car. Beginning in January 2016, all 7-car trains on
3136-420: Was to speed up passenger interchange between the East Rail line and Tuen Ma line towards Kowloon during the morning commute, although the reverse transfer would require going down to the concourse level and back up again. This layout is maintained as far as Sung Wong Toi , before the line goes into a stacked formation at To Kwa Wan , which has a split platform layout to allow the tracks to switch sides and adopt
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