74-595: Tuska Open Air Metal Festival , commonly shortened to Tuska ( Finnish : pain, agony ), is a Finnish heavy metal festival taking place annually in Helsinki . The first Tuska took place in 1998 and the festival has since grown larger every year. The location of the festival has been in Kaisaniemi park in the middle of the city from 2001. However, since 2011, Tuska has taken place at the Suvilahti event field in
148-764: A "j", e.g. vesj [vesʲ] "water", cf. standard vesi [vesi] . The first known written account in Helsinki slang is from the 1890 short story Hellaassa by young Santeri Ivalo (words that do not exist in, or deviate from, the standard spoken Finnish of its time are in bold): Kun minä eilen illalla palasin labbiksesta , tapasin Aasiksen kohdalla Supiksen , ja niin me laskeusimme tänne Espikselle , jossa oli mahoton hyvä piikis . Mutta me mentiin Studikselle suoraan Hudista tapaamaan, ja jäimme sinne pariksi tunniksi, kunnes ajoimme Kaisikseen . There are two main registers of Finnish used throughout
222-454: A ban. However, this has caused additional problems for the band as, according to Luttinen, "Somebody seem to have really something against us and unfortunately that somebody has power enough to get our shows cancelled". Luttinen has been critical of the performance bans that the band has suffered in Germany and Poland, which he made explicit in the lyrics for Manifest (2007). In response to
296-473: A considerable influence upon the spoken word, because illiteracy is nonexistent and many Finns are avid readers. In fact, it is still not entirely uncommon to meet people who "talk book-ish" ( puhuvat kirjakieltä ); it may have connotations of pedantry, exaggeration, moderation, weaseling or sarcasm (somewhat like heavy use of Latinate words in English, or more old-fashioned or "pedantic" constructions: compare
370-460: A language of administration, journalism, literature, and science in Finland, along with Swedish. In 1853 Daniel Europaeus published the first Swedish-Finnish dictionary, and between 1866 and 1880 Elias Lönnrot compiled the first Finnish-Swedish dictionary. In the same period, Antero Warelius conducted ethnographic research and, among other topics, he documented the geographic distribution of
444-475: A more systematic writing system. Along the way, Finnish lost several fricative consonants in a process of sound change . The sounds [ð] and [θ(ː)] disappeared from the language, surviving only in a small rural region in Western Finland. In the standard language, however, the effect of the lost sounds is thus: Modern Finnish punctuation, along with that of Swedish, uses the colon (:) to separate
518-445: A north–south split as well as an east–west split. The northern dialects of Proto-Finnic, from which Finnish developed, lacked the mid vowel [ ɤ ] . This vowel was found only in the southern dialects, which developed into Estonian , Livonian , and Votian . The northern variants used third person singular pronoun hän instead of southern tämä (Est. tema ). While the eastern dialects of Proto-Finnic (which developed in
592-466: A question about the lack of sexual themes on Manifest , Luttinen responded: There was no need to write about pussies or fucking. There was a need to point out certain things to braindead Germans. History repeats itself in Germany right now and where shall all this end? We are supposed to have same common laws inside [the] European Union but at the same time countries like Germany or Poland can do whatever they want to. It makes no sense to us. In June 2017
666-628: A range of diphthongs , although vowel harmony limits which diphthongs are possible. Finnish belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family ; as such, it is one of the few European languages that is not Indo-European . The Finnic branch also includes Estonian and a few minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea and in Russia's Republic of Karelia . The closest relative of Finnish
740-399: A stylistic shift, but this direction ended with the removal of Kimmo Luttinen from the line-up. Mika Luttinen explained his dissatisfaction with Kimmo and how the band changed under his guidance: The bottom line is that Kimmo [Luttinen - Mika's brother and the band's former drummer] changed our style pretty much after the release of Ugra-Karma . It was his vision of how we should sound, and
814-440: A total amount of Finnish-speakers roughly between 7,200 and 15,600. In the latest census , around 1000 people in Russia claimed to speak Finnish natively; however, a larger amount of 14,000 claimed to be able to speak Finnish in total. There are also forms of Finnish spoken by diasporas outside Europe, such as American Finnish , spoken by Finnish Americans , and Siberian Finnish , spoken by Siberian Finns . Today, Finnish
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#1732772695859888-514: A tradition of including at least one song on every album which has the word "goat" in the title, which Luttinen considers a "trademark" of the band: Our very first EP was called Goat Perversion . And then it continued [...] actually on our website, I asked the question, "Do you want us to continue having the goat songs, yes or no?" and everybody else except one guy said "Yes, continue with the goat song. We want goat songs". So I said "Okay, you want goat songs, and so goat songs you shall get!" The thing
962-508: Is abbreviation of word-final vowels, and in many respects they resemble Estonian. The Tavastian dialects ( hämäläismurteet ) are spoken in Tavastia . They are closest to the standard language, but feature some slight vowel changes, such as the opening of diphthong-final vowels ( tie → tiä , miekka → miakka , kuolisi → kualis ), the change of d to l (mostly obsolete) or trilled r (widespread, nowadays disappearance of d
1036-514: Is either Ingrian , or depending on the definition, Karelian . Finnic languages form a dialect continuum, where for instance Finnish and Estonian are not separated by any single isogloss that would separate dialects considered "Finnish" from those considered "Estonian", despite the two standard languages being not mutually intelligible. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian and Sami languages ) in several respects including: Several theories exist as to
1110-631: Is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish . In Sweden , both Finnish and Meänkieli (which has significant mutual intelligibility with Finnish ) are official minority languages . Kven , which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in the Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark by a minority of Finnish descent. Finnish is typologically agglutinative and uses almost exclusively suffixal affixation . Nouns , adjectives , pronouns , numerals and verbs are inflected depending on their role in
1184-664: Is one of two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish), and has been an official language of the European Union since 1995. However, the Finnish language did not have an official status in the country during the period of Swedish rule , which ended in 1809. After the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Finland , and against the backdrop of the Fennoman movement , the language obtained its official status in
1258-746: Is popular) and the personal pronouns ( me: meitin ('we: our'), te: teitin ('you: your') and he: heitin ('they: their')). The South Ostrobothnian dialects ( eteläpohjalaismurteet ) are spoken in Southern Ostrobothnia . Their most notable feature is the pronunciation of "d" as a tapped or even fully trilled /r/ . The Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects ( keski- ja pohjoispohjalaismurteet ) are spoken in Central and Northern Ostrobothnia . The Lapland dialects ( lappilaismurteet ) are spoken in Lapland . The dialects spoken in
1332-409: Is that when you are doing a goat song, the song is called "Goat Sodomy", you can be sure that it's not going to be deep social commentary of our problems. The goat songs will have Satan, the goat songs with have goats, the goat songs will have bleeding rectums, they will have blood, shit, all things that we all love and like. Impaled Nazarene's Nihil (2000) is the only album that has been subject to
1406-668: The Finnish Diet of 1863. Finnish also enjoys the status of an official minority language in Sweden . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Finnish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs. However, concerns have been expressed about
1480-3052: The Kalasatama neighbourhood of the Sörnäinen district . The festival dates have always been in either June or July. In recent years the attendance has grown and the festival has drawn up to 63,000 people in 2023. In 2006, the festival was almost sold out and over a combined three-day total of 33,000 attendees arrived to watch 32 artists, including for example Anathema , Celtic Frost , Opeth , Sodom , Venom , and Finland's own Amorphis and Sonata Arctica . In 2024 there were four stages named Karhu Main Stage , Radio City Stage , Open Air Stage II and KVLT Stage . Headliners are shown in bold . Am I Blood , Babylon Whores, Barathrum , Gandalf , Gorgoroth , Impaled Nazarene , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus and others. ...And Oceans , Amorphis , Barathrum , Dark Tranquillity , Gandalf , Lullacry , Nightwish , Painflow , Sentenced , Tarot , The 69 Eyes , Throne of Chaos , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Two Witches and others. Audience: 5,000+ Babylon Whores, Children of Bodom , Diablo , Eternal Tears of Sorrow , Finntroll , Gamma Ray , Impaled Nazarene , Lullacry , Metal Gods , Nightwish , Pain , Satyricon , Sinergy , Stone , Terveet Kädet , The Black League , The Crown , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , To/Die/For Audience: ca. 10,000 Amon Amarth , Amorphis , Drive , Eläkeläiset , Finntroll , Gandalf , Headplate , Impaled Nazarene , In Flames , Katatonia , Kotiteollisuus , Rhapsody of Fire , Rotten Sound , Stratovarius , The 69 Eyes , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Transport League , United, Yearning and others Audience: 15,000 (sold out) Ajattara , Blake , Bruce Dickinson , Diablo , Demigod , Ensiferum , Impaled Nazarene , Machine Head , Maj Karman Kauniit Kuvat , Marduk , Moonsorrow , Mustasch , Nightwish , Sara , Sentenced , Sonata Arctica , Suburban Tribe, The Crown , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus and others Audience: ca. 16,500 Amorphis , Arch Enemy , Barathrum , Behemoth , Children Of Bodom , Edguy , Finntroll , Horna , Immortal Souls , Lordi , Lost Horizon , Lullacry , Mannhai , Ministry , Mokoma , Moonsorrow , Norther , Reverend Bizarre , Rotten Sound , Sentenced , Soulfly , Stratovarius , Tarot , The 69 Eyes , The Haunted , Thunderstone , Thyrane , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Type O Negative and others Audience (a combined three-day total): ca. 30,000 Beseech , Blake , Charon , Dark Funeral , Dark Tranquillity , Death Angel , Dew-Scented , Diablo , Dio , Dismember , Drive , Ensiferum , Fear Factory , In Flames , Impaled Nazarene , Kilpi , Kotiteollisuus , Nasum , Nightwish , Machine Men , Mokoma , Sinergy , Soilwork , Sonata Arctica , Suburban Tribe, Swallow
1554-499: The sentence . Sentences are normally formed with subject–verb–object word order, although the extensive use of inflection allows them to be ordered differently. Word order variations are often reserved for differences in information structure . Finnish orthography uses a Latin-script alphabet derived from the Swedish alphabet, and is phonemic to a great extent. Vowel length and consonant length are distinguished, and there are
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#17327726958591628-513: The stem of a word and its grammatical ending in some cases, for example after acronyms , as in EU:ssa 'in the EU'. (This contrasts with some other alphabetic writing systems, which would use other symbols, such as e.g. apostrophe, hyphen.) Since suffixes play a prominent role in the language, this use of the colon is quite common. In the 19th century Johan Vilhelm Snellman and others began to stress
1702-1273: The Bread with Butter , Deathchain , Black City , Abhorrence , Torture Killer , Dreamtale , Hateform , Santa Cruz and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 24,000+ Emperor , Anthrax , Dimmu Borgir , Children of Bodom , Satyricon , Bring Me the Horizon , Neurosis , Carcass , Stone , Shining , Turmion Kätilöt , Insomnium , Ensiferum , Orphaned Land , Metal Church , Poisonblack , We Came as Romans , Battle Beast , Tankard , Hamferð , Powerwolf , Santa Cruz , Beastmilk , Amoral , Speedtrap , Cutdown , Altair , Arion and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 25,000+ Alice Cooper , Sabaton , In Flames , Lamb Of God , Opeth , Abbath , Exodus , Amorphis , Stratovarius , Mokoma , Architects , Loudness , Bloodbath , Blues Pills , Ghost Brigade , Ne Obliviscaris , Einherjer , Warmen , The Sirens , Sotajumala , Krokodil, Bombus , Enforcer and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 28,000+ Ghost , Avantasia , Children of Bodom , Testament , Anthrax , Behemoth , Katatonia , Stam1na , Kvelertak , Hatebreed , Turmion Kätilöt , Gojira , With
1776-520: The Coronavirus situation and its effects. 23rd Tuska Festival took place from 1 to 3 July 2022. Finnish language Finnish ( endonym : suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] or suomen kieli [ˈsuo̯meŋ ˈkie̯li] ) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish
1850-917: The Damned , Mucc , My Dying Bride , Neurosis , Parkway Drive , Pestilence , Profane Omen , Rotten Sound , Sabaton , Stam1na , Suicidal Tendencies , The Faceless , Volbeat and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 33,000+ (sold out) Amatory , Barren Earth , Bloodbath , Cannibal Corpse , Devin Townsend , Devin Townsend Project , Finntroll , Holy Grail , Hypocrisy , Insomnium , Kamelot , Megadeth , Nevermore , Nile , Obituary , Overkill , Pain , Rytmihäiriö , Satyricon , Sotajumala , Swallow The Sun , Tarot , Testament , Torture Killer , Trigger The Bloodshed , Warmen , W.A.S.P. , Crowbar Audience (a combined three-day total): 35,000+ Amon Amarth , Amorphis , At
1924-787: The Dawn , Behemoth , Carcass , Diablo , Dimmu Borgir , Dream Evil , Dying Fetus , Entombed , Fields of the Nephilim , Ghost Brigade , Kalmah , Killswitch Engage , Kiuas , Kreator , KYPCK , Mokoma , Morbid Angel , Nile , Primordial , Shade Empire , Slayer , Sonata Arctica , Sotajumala , Stam1na , The Scourger , The Sorrow , Tracedawn and Týr and others Audience (a combined three-day total): ca. 28,000 All That Remains , Amoral , Amorphis , The Black Dahlia Murder , Callisto , Dauntless, Deathchain , Eluveitie , Ensiferum , Evile , Firewind , Gama Bomb , Girugamesh , Gojira , Immortal , Jon Oliva's Pain , Legion of
1998-2369: The Dead , Lordi , Swallow the Sun , Cain's Offering , Diablo , Primordial , Thunderstone , Tsjuder , Cattle Decapitation , Obscura , Havok , Nervosa , Myrkur , Delain , Mantar , Beast In Black , Jess and the Ancient Ones and others 20th anniversary broke Tuska's all time visitor record until 2019, at 37,000 over three festival days. HIM , Sabaton , Mastodon , Apocalyptica plays Metallica by four cellos, Devin Townsend Project , Suicidal Tendencies , Amorphis , Mayhem , Triptykon , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Soilwork , Sonata Arctica , Dirkschneider , Wintersun , Baroness , Electric Wizard , Mokoma , Insomnium , Lost Society , Anneke Van Giersbergen's Vuur , Brujeria , Rotten Sound , Avatarium , Battle Beast , Brother Firetribe , Jimsonweed , Impaled Nazarene , Barathrum , Baptism , Oranssi Pazuzu , Trap Them , LIK , The Raven Age , Kohti Tuhoa , Ratface , Pekko Käppi & KHHL , Huora , Amendfoil , Demonztrator , Fear Of Domination , Mind Riot , Sleep of Monsters , Throes of Dawn , Paara , Alabama Kush Audience (a combined three-day total): 34,000+ Body Count ft. Ice-T , Gojira , Parkway Drive , Kreator , Europe , Dead Cross , Arch Enemy , Emperor , Meshuggah , At The Gates , Clutch , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Crowbar , Mokoma , Turmion Kätilöt , Ihsahn , Hallatar , Moonsorrow , Leprous , Carpenter Brut , The 69 Eyes , Beast In Black , Bombus , Grave Pleasures , Lauri Porra Flyover Ensemble , Tribulation , Shiraz Lane , Stick To Your Guns , Charm The Fury , Mantar , Arion, Foreseen , Red Death, Feastem , Hard Action , Hexhammer , Galactic Empire, Gloomy Grim , Crimfall , Blind Channel , Baest , Temple Balls , Black Royal , Six Inch , Keoma, Tyrantti 22nd Tuska Festival took place from 28 to 30 June 2019. Record audience until 2022 (combined three days total): 43,000+. Slayer , Amorphis , The Hellacopters , Anthrax , Opeth , Behemoth , Dimmu Borgir , Halestorm , Stam1na , Kvelertak , Cult of Luna , Frank Carter & The Rattlesnakes , Sick of It All , Heilung , Battle Beast , Swallow
2072-445: The Finnish charts. The band was infamous for their apparent hatred of the Norwegian black metal scene back the early 1990s; however, the band now seems to have disassociated themselves from that dislike. Luttinen later affirmed that "We have absolutely nothing against Norwegians. I even made up with Euronymous before he was killed so just forget this thing, it is ancient history". Impaled Nazarene stopped wearing corpse paint in
2146-458: The Finnish dialects. The most important contributions to improving the status of Finnish were made by Elias Lönnrot . His impact on the development of modern vocabulary in Finnish was particularly significant. In addition to compiling the Kalevala , he acted as an arbiter in disputes about the development of standard Finnish between the proponents of western and eastern dialects, ensuring that
2220-758: The Gates , Arch Enemy , Blind Guardian , The Devin Townsend Project , Epica , Exodus , Forbidden , Meshuggah , Morbid Angel , Katatonia , Kvelertak , Killing Joke , Electric Wizard , Enslaved , Moonsorrow , Wintersun , Witchery , Agnostic Front , Spiritual Beggars , Turisas , Impaled Nazarene , Grave , Shining , Mygrain , Church of Misery , Misery Index , Lighthouse Project , Black Breath , Tarot , Bulldozer , Hell , Omnium Gatherum , Ghost , Medeia , Rotten Sound and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 26 000+ Alcest , Amoral , Apocalyptica , Arcturus , Baroness , Barren Earth , Behemoth , Demigod , Edguy , Exodus , Finntroll , For
2294-725: The Imperium , Hatebreed , Horna , Insomnium , Jess and the Ancient Ones , Megadeth , Metsatöll , Ministry , Mokoma , Napalm Death , One Morning Left , Overkill , Profane Omen , Sabaton , Saint Vitus , Skeletonwitch , Sonata Arctica , Suicide Silence , Suidakra , Swallow the Sun , Textures , The Man-Eating Tree , Trivium , Victims , Winterwolf and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 25,000+ Nightwish , King Diamond , Testament , Bolt Thrower , Kreator , Amorphis , Stam1na , Soilwork , Stratovarius , Wintersun , Amaranthe , Ihsahn , Leprous , Battle Beast , TesseracT , Von , Urfaust , We Butter
Tuska Open Air Metal Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue
2368-458: The Red Plague" on Rapture . Other lyrics revolve around war and Satanism. When asked about the hints of humour previously manifest in the lyrics, Luttinen affirmed that this was limited to Suomi Finland Perkele : "There will be no humour, we are not some fucking joke. If people find my lyrics funny, then, well, something is most certainly wrong in their heads". The band has also maintained
2442-558: The Sun , Marko Hietala , Anneke van Giersbergen , Loudness , Lost Society , Delain , Power Trip , Jinjer , Maj Karma , Rytmihäiriö , Arion , Leverage, Alien Weaponry , Medeia , Fear of Domination , Wheel, Dark Sarah , Warkings , Visions of Atlantis , Brymir , De Lirium's Order , Goatburner , Mustan Kuun Lapset , I Revolt , Kaiser , Pahan Ikoni , Palehorse , Sata Kaskelottia , Balance Breach , Wake Up Frankie , Hevisaurus , Sharon Rircharson , JP Ahonen , Mika Jussila, Valnoir , Ester Segarra and Scar.fi . Tuska 2020
2516-683: The Sun , Tarot , The Scourger , The Sisters Of Mercy , Timo Rautiainen , Venom , Verjnuarmu , Wintersun Audience (a combined three-day total): ca. 33,000 Before the Dawn , Blind Guardian , Brother Firetribe , Children of Bodom , D'espairsRay , DragonForce , Emperor , Finntroll , Hatesphere , Immortal , Imperia, Insomnium , Isis , Katatonia , Legion of the Damned , Maj Karma , Mercenary , Misery Index , Moonsorrow , Moonspell , Naildown, Pain , Profane Omen , Stratovarius , Sturm Und Drang , Thunderstone , Turisas , Vader , W.A.S.P. and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 36,000 (sold out) Amon Amarth , Before
2590-1007: The Sun , Timo Rautiainen & Trio Niskalaukaus , Turisas , Twilightning and others Audience (a combined three-day total): 33,000+ (sold out) Accept , Ajattara , Amoral , Apocalyptica , Callisto , Children of Bodom , Deathchain , Destruction , Dimmu Borgir , Evergrey , Finntroll , Gamma Ray , Hieronymus Bosch , Lake of Tears , Mnemic , Monster Magnet , Naglfar , Pain Confessor , Paska , Primal Fear , Rotten Sound , Scarve , Sentenced , Skyclad , Stam1na , Teräsbetoni , Testament , Thunderstone , Turmion Kätilöt , Viikate , Wintersun and others Audience (a combined three-day total): ca. 33,000 Amorphis , Anathema , Arch Enemy , Burst , Celtic Frost , Deathstars , Diablo , Epica , Freedom Call , Gojira , Impaled Nazarene , Kalmah , Mendeed , Metsatöll , Mokoma , Nine , Norther , Opeth , Pain Confessor , Sodom , Sonata Arctica , Stam1na , Suburban Tribe, Swallow
2664-694: The United States. The majority of the population of Finland (90.37% as of 2010 ) speak Finnish as their first language . The remainder speak Swedish (5.42%), one of the Sámi languages (for example Northern , Inari , or Skolt ), or another language as their first language. Finnish is spoken as a second language in Estonia by about 167,000 people. The Finnic varities found in Norway's Finnmark (namely Kven ) and in northern Sweden (namely Meänkieli ) have
2738-516: The band announced that – after almost 15 years in the lineup – Tomi Ullgrén had left the band, citing busy work schedules that interfere with the band's rehearsal schedule. For most of their history, Impaled Nazarene has focused on Finnish nationalism (for instance in their song "Total War - Winter War" about the Soviet-Finnish war in 1939 and 1940), and have demonstrated a strong anti-communist bent, as exemplified in their song "Healers of
2812-471: The band made a shift, beginning with Nihil (2000) and the accession of Children of Bodom guitarist Alexi Laiho , towards a sound that has been described as "a benzedrine -fueled combination of thrash metal and Iron Maiden ". Luttinen explained that Laiho's role was critical: "it was clear that now that we had finally two guitar players that we kind of like wanted to get away from that punky kind of writing style and started just wanting to get more back to
2886-529: The border created between Sweden and Finland in 1809 when Russia annexed Finland. This caused the speakers of Meänkieli to be isolated from the developments of standard Finnish and instead be influenced by the Swedish language. However, it is still mutually integible with Finnish, and is thus sometimes considered a dialect of the Finnish language. The Kven language is spoken in Finnmark and Troms , in Norway. Its speakers are descendants of Finnish emigrants to
2960-710: The colloquial language) ei kö teillä ole e(i) ks teil(lä) oo "don't you (pl.) have (it)?" (compare eiks to standard Estonian confirmatory interrogative eks ) Impaled Nazarene Impaled Nazarene is a Finnish extreme metal band that started as black metal but have incorporated elements of grindcore , thrash metal and death metal , and have grown more towards hardcore punk . The band formed in November 1990, with founding members Mika Luttinen, Kimmo Luttinen, Mika Pääkkö, Ari Holappa and Antti Pihkala. The band gained national success when their debut album, Tol Cormpt Norz Norz Norz , entered
3034-404: The country. One is the "standard language" ( yleiskieli ), and the other is the " spoken language " ( puhekieli ). The standard language is used in formal situations like political speeches and newscasts. Its written form, the "book language" ( kirjakieli ), is used in nearly all written texts, not always excluding even the dialogue of common people in popular prose. The spoken language, on
Tuska Open Air Metal Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue
3108-478: The difference between saying "There's no children I'll leave it to" and "There are no children to whom I shall leave it"). More common is the intrusion of typically literary constructions into a colloquial discourse, as a kind of quote from written Finnish. It is quite common to hear book-like and polished speech on radio or TV, and the constant exposure to such language tends to lead to the adoption of such constructions even in everyday language. A prominent example of
3182-445: The effect of the standard language is the development of the consonant gradation form /ts : ts/ as in metsä : metsän , as this pattern was originally (1940) found natively only in the dialects of the southern Karelian isthmus and Ingria . It has been reinforced by the spelling "ts" for the dental fricative [θː] , used earlier in some western dialects. The spelling and the pronunciation this encourages however approximate
3256-551: The formal. However, in signalling the former in writing, syncope and sandhi – especially internal – may occasionally amongst other characteristics be transcribed, e.g. menenpä → me(n)empä . This never occurs in the standard variety. he mene vät ne mene e "they go" loss of a number contrast on verbs in the 3rd person ( menee is 3rd person singular in the formal language) ( minä) o le n mä o o n "I am" or "I will be" and no pro-drop (i.e., personal pronouns are usually mandatory in
3330-446: The future status of Finnish in Sweden, for example, where reports produced for the Swedish government during 2017 show that minority language policies are not being respected, particularly for the 7% of Finns settled in the country. The Uralic family of languages, of which Finnish is a member, are hypothesized to derive from a single ancestor language termed Proto-Uralic , spoken sometime between 8,000 and 2,000 BCE (estimates vary) in
3404-703: The geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages. The most widely held view is that they originated as a Proto-Uralic language somewhere in the boreal forest belt around the Ural Mountains region and/or the bend of the middle Volga . The strong case for Proto-Uralic is supported by common vocabulary with regularities in sound correspondences, as well as by the fact that the Uralic languages have many similarities in structure and grammar. Despite having overlapping geographical distributions, Finnic languages and Sami languages are not closely related, and
3478-461: The grammatical and phonological changes also include the most common pronouns and suffixes, which amount to frequent but modest differences. Some sound changes have been left out of the formal language. For example, irregular verbs have developed in the spoken language as a result of the elision of sonorants in some verbs of the Type III class (with subsequent vowel assimilation ), but only when
3552-729: The hardcore festival Ieperfest in Ypres (Ieper), Belgium, removed Impaled Nazarene from the line up after threats of violence from protesters. The reason for the protest was the band's lyrics condoning homophobia and rape. The festival organizers issued the following statement: Dear music lover, After a firm debate - that's what you do in a democracy - the organization decided to cancel Finnish band IMPALED NAZARENE (in mutual consent). Otherwise we can no longer guarantee everyone's safety at our beloved festival. [...] Ieperfest consists entirely out of volunteers. People with boundless love for music, but also full-time jobs, families and children. Threatening
3626-520: The hypothesis of a separate taxonomic " Finno-Samic " node is controversial. The Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California , United States, classifies Finnish as a level III language (of four levels) in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers. Finnish is spoken by about five million people, most of whom reside in Finland. There are also notable Finnish-speaking minorities in Sweden, Norway, Russia, Estonia, Brazil, Canada, and
3700-470: The language, which he based on Swedish, German, and Latin. The Finnish standard language still relies on his innovations with regard to spelling, though Agricola used less systematic spelling than is used today. Though Agricola's intention was that each phoneme (and allophone under qualitative consonant gradation ) should correspond to one letter, he failed to achieve this goal in various respects. For example, k , c , and q were all used for
3774-415: The main cultural and political centres. The standard language, however, has always been a consciously constructed medium for literature. It preserves grammatical patterns that have mostly vanished from the colloquial varieties and, as its main application is writing, it features complex syntactic patterns that are not easy to handle when used in speech. The colloquial language develops significantly faster, and
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#17327726958593848-447: The metal feeling". Their ninth studio album, Pro Patria Finlandia , was a popular import album for Japan. Impaled Nazarene have toured with bands including Cannibal Corpse , Mayhem and Dark Tranquility , traversing four continents and over thirty countries. On 16 March 2003, guitarist Teemu Raimoranta died falling off a bridge onto the ice below, in what was described as "an alcohol-related accidental fall". On 15 January 22,
3922-499: The mid-1990s when black metal exploded, with Luttinen explaining that "we felt it was time distance ourselves a bit from the ridiculous ideas and statements that were circulating around the whole scene back then. And look around, we are not alone who have done this. Even Norwegian bands have dropped paint and other shit and are concentrating on the music instead of childish statements". With the release of Suomi Finland Perkele , Impaled Nazarene dropped some of their aggression and made
3996-411: The modern-day eastern Finnish dialects, Veps, Karelian, and Ingrian) formed genitive plural nouns via plural stems (e.g., eastern Finnish kalojen < * kaloi -ten ), the western dialects of Proto-Finnic (today's Estonian, Livonian and western Finnish varieties) used the non-plural stems (e.g., Est. kalade < * kala -ten ). Another defining characteristic of the east–west split
4070-624: The most part, the dialects operate on the same phonology and grammar. There are only marginal examples of sounds or grammatical constructions specific to some dialect and not found in standard Finnish. Two examples are the voiced dental fricative found in the Rauma dialect , and the Eastern exessive case . The Southwest Finnish dialects ( lounaissuomalaismurteet ) are spoken in Southwest Finland and Satakunta . Their typical feature
4144-419: The need to improve the status of Finnish. Ever since the days of Mikael Agricola, written Finnish had been used almost exclusively in religious contexts, but now Snellman's Hegelian nationalistic ideas of Finnish as a fully-fledged national language gained considerable support. Concerted efforts were made to improve the status of the language and to modernize it, and by the end of the century Finnish had become
4218-453: The original pronunciation, still reflected in e.g. Karelian /čč : č/ ( meččä : mečän ). In the spoken language, a fusion of Western /tt : tt/ ( mettä : mettän ) and Eastern /ht : t/ ( mehtä : metän ) has resulted in /tt : t/ ( mettä : metän ). Neither of these forms are identifiable as, or originate from, a specific dialect. The orthography of informal language follows that of
4292-616: The other hand, is the main variety of Finnish used in popular TV and radio shows and at workplaces, and may be preferred to a dialect in personal communication. Standard Finnish is prescribed by the Language Office of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland and is the language used in official communication. The Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish ( Nykysuomen sanakirja 1951–61), with 201,000 entries,
4366-447: The phoneme / k / . Likewise, he alternated between dh and d to represent the allophonic [ ð ] (like th in English this ), between dh and z to represent / θː / (like th in thin , but longer in duration), and between gh and g to represent the allophonic [ ɣ ] . Agricola did not consistently represent vowel length in his orthography. Others revised Agricola's work later, striving for
4440-746: The region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Kven is an official minority language in Norway. The Eastern dialects consist of the widespread Savonian dialects ( savolaismurteet ) spoken in Savo and nearby areas, and the South-Eastern dialects now spoken only in Finnish South Karelia . The South Karelian dialects ( eteläkarjalaismurteet ) were previously also spoken on the Karelian Isthmus and in Ingria . The Karelian Isthmus
4514-545: The rest of us weren't happy at all. It is useless for a band like us to try to be a copy of Danzig or fucking Paradise Lost . So, after Kimmo was replaced, it was normal for us to go back to what we do best, i.e. play aggressive and fast metal [...] It was one guy who wanted to go a different way, and the rest did not agree. Nobody expected such a release as Latex Cult from us anymore, but we fucking proved that we are still here, doing our thing our way. We can get only nastier. After growing increasingly unpolished in delivery,
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#17327726958594588-401: The second syllable of the word is short. The result is that some forms in the spoken language are shortened, e.g. tule-n → tuu-n ('I come'), while others remain identical to the standard language hän tulee "he comes", never * hän tuu ). However, the longer forms such as tule can be used in spoken language in other forms as well. The literary language certainly still exerts
4662-636: The status of official minority languages, and thus can be considered distinct languages from Finnish. However, since these languages are mutually intelligible , one may alternatively view them as dialects of the same language . No language census exists for Norway, neither for Kven, standard Finnish, or combined. As of 2023, 7,454 first- or second-generation immigrants from Finland were registered as having Norwegian residency, while as of 2021, 235 Finns were registered as foreigners studying at Norwegian higher education. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia estimates Kven speakers at 2,000-8,000. Altogether, this results in
4736-465: The travel journal, the words are those of a Finnish bishop whose name is unknown. The erroneous use of gelen (Modern Finnish kielen ) in the accusative case, rather than kieltä in the partitive, and the lack of the conjunction mutta are typical of foreign speakers of Finnish even today. At the time, most priests in Finland spoke Swedish . During the Middle Ages, when Finland
4810-499: The use of Finnish through parish clerk schools, the use of Swedish in church, and by having Swedish-speaking servants and maids move to Finnish-speaking areas. The first comprehensive writing system for Finnish was created by Mikael Agricola , a Finnish bishop, in the 16th century. He based his writing system on the western dialects . Agricola's ultimate plan was to translate the Bible , but first he had to develop an orthography for
4884-492: The vicinity of the Ural Mountains . Over time, Proto-Uralic split into various daughter languages , which themselves continued to change and diverge, yielding yet more descendants. One of these descendants is the reconstructed Proto-Finnic , from which the Finnic languages developed. Current models assume that three or more Proto-Finnic dialects evolved during the first millennium BCE. These dialects were defined geographically, and were distinguished from one another along
4958-626: The western dialects preferred by Agricola retained their preeminent role, while many originally dialect words from Eastern Finland were introduced to the standard language, thus enriching it considerably. The first novel written in Finnish (and by a Finnish speaker) was Seven Brothers ( Seitsemän veljestä ), published by Aleksis Kivi in 1870. The dialects of Finnish are divided into two distinct groups, Western and Eastern. The dialects are largely mutually intelligible and are distinguished from each other by changes in vowels, diphthongs and rhythm, as well as in preferred grammatical constructions. For
5032-403: The western parts of Lapland are recognizable by retention of old "h" sounds in positions where they have disappeared from other dialects. One form of speech related to Northern dialects, Meänkieli , which is spoken on the Swedish side of the border is recognized in Sweden as its own distinct language, having its own standardized language separate from Finnish. This form of speech developed from
5106-496: Was a prescriptive dictionary that defined official language. An additional volume for words of foreign origin ( Nykysuomen sivistyssanakirja , 30,000 entries) was published in 1991. An updated dictionary, The New Dictionary of Modern Finnish ( Kielitoimiston sanakirja ) was published in an electronic form in 2004 and in print in 2006. A descriptive grammar (the Large grammar of Finnish , Iso suomen kielioppi , 1,600 pages)
5180-409: Was cancelled on 23 April due to the Coronavirus epidemic after the Finnish government forbid events larger than 500 people until the end of July 2020. Bands that were announced prior to the cancellation included Korn , Faith No More , Deftones , Gojira , Symphony X , Devin Townsend , Bodom after Midnight , Insomnium , Amon Amarth and Vltimas . Tuska 2021 was cancelled on 16 April due to
5254-525: Was evacuated during World War II and refugees were resettled all over Finland. Most Ingrian Finns were deported to various interior areas of the Soviet Union. Palatalization , a common feature of Uralic languages, had been lost in the Finnic branch, but it has been reacquired by most of these languages, including Eastern Finnish, but not Western Finnish. In Finnish orthography, this is denoted with
5328-545: Was published in 2004. There is also an etymological dictionary, Suomen sanojen alkuperä , published in 1992–2000, and a handbook of contemporary language ( Nykysuomen käsikirja ). Standard Finnish is used in official texts and is the form of language taught in schools. Its spoken form is used in political speech, newscasts, in courts, and in other formal situations. Nearly all publishing and printed works are in standard Finnish. The colloquial language has mostly developed naturally from earlier forms of Finnish, and spread from
5402-543: Was the use of the reflexive suffix -(t)te , used only in the eastern dialects. The birch bark letter 292 from the early 13th century is the first known document in any Finnic language . The first known written example of Finnish itself is found in a German travel journal dating back to c. 1450 : Mÿnna tachton gernast spuho sommen gelen Emÿna daÿda (Modern Finnish: " Minä tahdon kernaasti puhua suomen kielen, [mutta] en minä taida; " English: "I want to speak Finnish, [but] I am not able to"). According to
5476-562: Was under Swedish rule , Finnish was only spoken . At the time, the language of international commerce was Middle Low German , the language of administration Swedish , and religious ceremonies were held in Latin . This meant that Finnish speakers could use their mother tongue only in everyday life. Finnish was considered inferior to Swedish, and Finnish speakers were second-class members of society because they could not use their language in any official situations. There were even efforts to reduce
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