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90-522: Tweedmouth is part of the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in Northumberland , England. It is located on the south bank of the River Tweed and is connected to Berwick town centre, on the north bank, by two road bridges and a railway bridge. Tweedmouth has historically always been part of England, in contrast to the walled town of Berwick which came under Scottish control for several periods in

180-625: A Berwicker first, Scottish or English second." Former mayor Mike Elliot said "25% of the town consider themselves English, 25% Scottish and 50% Berwickers." Professor Dominic Watt of the University of Aberdeen noted that: "Older people view themselves more as Scots than the younger people in Berwick, and this can be heard in their accents." In 2008, SNP Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) Christine Grahame made calls in

270-442: A UK-wide census in 2021 should take place, and that better use should be made of other demographic data sources. The general style of the questionnaire was similar to that of the 2001 census . A rehearsal questionnaire was released in 2009. Several new identity and status options were included for the first time. Other changes for 2011 included: In 2001 only 38 people were reported to have been prosecuted for refusing to complete

360-505: A co-ordinated research project known as Beyond 2011 . The objectives of the programme were to assess the feasibility of improving UK population statistics using integrated data sources to replace or complement existing approaches, and whether alternative data sources could provide the priority statistics on the characteristics of small populations typically provided by a census. The project reported its findings in March 2014 and recommended that

450-470: A long history of salmon fishing on the river. There is a procession from Berwick town hall across the Old Bridge to Tweedmouth where the incoming Salmon Queen is crowned. The parish church of St Bartholomew and St Boisil dates to the late 18th century. It stands on the site of an earlier church built in 1145, which was in turn on the site of an earlier 7th century church. The church's weather-vane

540-650: A manor and reserved for a lord's own use. This comes from the Old English berewíc , meaning "corn farm" (more specifically, bere refers to barley ). Its earliest recorded spelling, as Berewich , dates from 1167. There are several places in Britain with the same name; one such is North Berwick in Scotland, and Berwick-upon-Tweed has also been called "South Berwick" in Scottish sources. The medieval seal of

630-518: A proposal from Asda in 2006 to build a store near the site, but in 2008 gave Tesco planning permission for its new store in the town, which opened on 13 September 2010. Asda went on to take over the Co-op shop unit in Tweedmouth in early 2010. A Morrisons supermarket with a petrol station, alongside a branch of McDonald's , a Travelodge UK and an Aldi all exist on Loaning Meadows close to

720-670: A questionnaire. In 2011 those who refused to complete the census questionnaire or included false information could face a fine of up to £1,000. A team of compliance staff were recruited to follow up by visiting those householders who refused to complete a questionnaire or where their questionnaire was not returned or completed correctly. Advertising promoted the notion of how the UK 2011 census would help to shape Britain's future in areas such as healthcare and education. TV adverts, for example, depicted Origami , in census colours, forming objects including school computers and buses. A short sentence under

810-481: A succession of raids, sieges and takeovers. William I of Scotland invaded and attempted to capture northern England in 1173–74. After his defeat in 1174, Berwick was ceded to Henry II of England under the Treaty of Falaise , along with four other castles at Edinburgh , Jedburgh , Roxburgh , and Stirling , with the five castles to be garrisoned with English troops paid for at Scottish expense. The Treaty of Falaise

900-464: A traditional market town and also has some notable architectural features, in particular its medieval town walls , its Georgian Town Hall , its Elizabethan ramparts , and Britain's earliest barracks buildings, which Nicholas Hawksmoor built (1717–1721) for the Board of Ordnance . Berwick's name is of the same origin as the word berewick , denoting a portion of farmland which was detached from

990-470: A white light every five seconds from a window overlooking the sea. Seafarers' charity Apostleship of the Sea has a chaplain to support the needs of mariners arriving at the port. Bus services are mostly operated by Borders Buses (part of West Coast Motors) and Arriva providing both local and longer links. The town is also served by National Express coaches. Berwick is famous for its hesitation over whether it

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1080-480: A written answer in response to a question on population and the traditional enumeration methodology of the 2011 census, Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude said: The UK Statistics Authority is responsible for carrying out the census in England and Wales. The board of the authority has expressed the view that the 2011 census should be the last conduction on the traditional basis. Through the ' Beyond 2011 ' project

1170-427: Is a success. Although some 37,000 people recorded their identity as Cornish by manually writing it on the form in the 2001 census, no tick-box was provided in 2011 to select Cornish as a White British national identity, despite campaigns. As a consequence, posters were created by the census organisation and Cornwall Council which advised residents of how they could identify themselves as Cornish by writing it in

1260-544: Is a town and civil parish in Northumberland , England, 2.5 mi (4 km) south of the Anglo-Scottish border , and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded Berwick's population as 12,043. The town is at the mouth of the River Tweed on the east coast, 56 mi (90 km) south east of Edinburgh , 65 mi (105 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne , and 345 mi (555 km) north of London . Uniquely for England,

1350-535: Is in the form of a salmon . The most obvious historic landmark is the 15-arched Old Bridge , built of local sandstone in 1610. The bridge was built by order of James VI and I , and formed part of the Great North Road between London and Edinburgh. The Old Bridge still carries traffic across the River Tweed. The Royal Tweed Bridge and Royal Border Railway Bridge also span the river at Tweedmouth,

1440-447: Is it?". It contended that by placing the religion question near the ethnicity question it would encourage some responders to associate religion with cultural identity. The BHA also ran adverts during March 2011 encouraging the use of the 'no religion' box in the questionnaire. The 2011 census for Northern Ireland had 59 questions in total. 14 were about the household and its accommodation and 45 questions were for each individual member of

1530-554: Is more than twice the £210m spent on the 2001 census. This breaks down to a cost of 87 pence per person, per year (over the life of the census – ten years). "The cost equates to about 87p a year per person, demonstrating excellent value for money. The per capita costs in the UK are less than for many other European countries that carry out similar censuses. In summary, this census will meet crucial requirements for statistical information that Government and others cannot do without." Minister of State, Cabinet Office ( Angela E. Smith ). Both

1620-512: Is part of Scotland or England. Some people are adamant they are English and their loyalty lies with Northumberland, while others feel an affinity with Scotland. Whilst it has been argued that the town's geographic and historic place between the two has led to it developing a distinctive identity of its own, many people in Berwick also have mixed Anglo-Scottish families which contributes to a sense of separate identity. Historian Derek Sharman said "The people of Berwick feel really independent. You are

1710-578: Is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority , a non-ministerial department formed in 2008 and which reports directly to Parliament. ONS is the UK Government's single largest statistical producer of independent statistics on the UK's economy and society, used to assist the planning and allocation of resources, policy-making and decision-making. ONS designs, manages and runs the census in England and Wales. In its capacity as

1800-579: Is the northernmost civil parish in England. For more than 400 years the area was central to historic border wars between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland , and several times possession of Berwick changed hands between the two kingdoms. The last time it changed hands was when Richard of Gloucester retook it for England in 1482 . To this day, many Berwickers feel a close affinity to Scotland. Both Berwick Rangers Football Club and Berwick Rugby Football Club play in Scottish leagues. Berwick remains

1890-672: The Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346. In 1461, Berwick was ceded back to Scotland by Margaret of Anjou on behalf of her husband, Henry VI , in return for help against the Yorkists during the Wars of the Roses . Robert Lauder of Edrington was put in charge of the castle. He was succeeded in 1474 by David, Earl of Crawford . On 3 February 1478, Robert Lauder of the Bass and Edrington

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1980-576: The Earldom of Northumbria until control passed to the Scots following the Battle of Carham of 1018. The town itself was founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement during the time of the Kingdom of Northumbria . Between the late 10th and early 11th centuries, the land between the rivers Forth and Tweed came under Scottish control, either through conquest by Scotland or through cession by England. Berwick

2070-418: The Kingdom of Great Britain . Since then, Berwick has remained within the laws and legal system of England and Wales . The Wales and Berwick Act 1746 (since repealed) deemed that whenever legislation referred to England, it applied to Berwick without the need for a specific reference to the town. Until the 1830s the borough boundaries of the town were identical to the parish of Berwick, which lay entirely on

2160-479: The Local Government Act 1888 , which were based on the parliamentary boundaries of counties, and so Berwick was brought under the jurisdiction of Northumberland County Council , with the town council thereafter being a lower-tier authority subordinate to the county council. England now is officially defined as "subject to any alteration of boundaries under Part IV of the Local Government Act 1972 ,

2250-473: The Middle Ages . The local nickname for people from Tweedmouth is "Twempies" . In 1951 the parish had a population of 6410. Tweedmouth is part of Berwick-upon-Tweed Town Council, which also includes neighbouring Spittal . It is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed . The unitary authority for the area is Northumberland County Council . It was historically part of Islandshire , which

2340-723: The Scots language alongside the question for ability in Scottish Gaelic and English languages. Responsibility for the release of data from the 2011 census is split between the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). The ONS announced in March

2430-559: The Scottish Parliament for Berwick to become part of Scotland again. The Liberal Democrat MSP Jeremy Purvis , who was born and brought up in Berwick, asked for the border to be moved twenty miles south, stating: "There’s a strong feeling that Berwick should be in Scotland. Until recently, I had a gran in Berwick and another in Kelso , and they could see that there were better public services in Scotland." However, Alan Beith ,

2520-639: The Stop the War Coalition , and the Christian thinktank Ekklesia . The groups were concerned about sharing data with a company involved in surveillance and data processing for the CIA and FBI ; and also providing funding to an arms company making nuclear missiles and cluster bombs. The Green Party also objected, and campaigned unsuccessfully to stop Lockheed Martin getting the contract, although no decision

2610-470: The national statistics office for the United Kingdom, ONS also compiles and releases census tables for the United Kingdom when the data from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are complete. In the run-up to the census both the main UK political parties expressed concerns about the increasing cost and the value for money of the census, and it was suggested that the 2011 census might be

2700-514: The "Old Bridge" dates to 1611. It linked Islandshire on the south bank of the River Tweed with the county burgh of Berwick on the north bank. Holy Trinity Church was built in 1648–52. It is the most northerly parish church in England and was built under special licence from Oliver Cromwell during the Commonwealth period . In 1707, the Act of Union united England and Scotland to create

2790-468: The 2011 census. NISRA, ONS and GROS each publish a schedule stating what documents they will release and when. Those documents are called a "prospectus". Each prospectus is not fixed, but changes as schedules are changed or documents are late. The prospectuses are linked to in the table below. The Office for National Statistics is responsible for publishing United Kingdom wide 2011 census data. These are co-ordinated releases coinciding with data published by

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2880-487: The Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed was abolished as part of wider structural changes to local government in England . All functions previously exercised by Berwick Borough Council were transferred to Northumberland County Council , which is the unitary authority for the area. During periods of Scottish administration, Berwick was the county town of Berwickshire , to which the town gave its name. Thus at various points in

2970-640: The Crown ordered the dissolution of the garrison of Berwick and the number of soldiers was reduced to 100 men and pensioners. In 1639, the army of Charles I faced that of General Alexander Leslie at Berwick in the Bishops' Wars , which were concerned with bringing the Presbyterian Church of Scotland under Charles's control. The two sides did not fight, but negotiated a settlement, the "Pacification of Berwick" . Berwick Bridge , also known as

3060-593: The Middle Ages and from 1482 (when Berwick became administered by England), Berwickshire had the unique distinction of being the only county in the British Isles to be named after a town in another country. In 1958, the borough's council applied for a coat of arms , but applied to the Lord Lyon King of Arms , the Scottish heraldic authority, for the grant "as suitable to a Burgh of Scotland", which

3150-727: The ONS, covering England and Wales, confirmed that there would be four stages of data release starting in July 2012 and running until October 2013. This was increased to five stages in October 2013. A detailed commentary accompanies each release along with relevant reference materials. Additionally there will be graphic visualisations providing further clarification and comparison between different data sets and comparison over time using data from earlier censuses. There will also be more specialist reports and products. Certain data bases will also be produced in

3240-732: The Office for National Statistics (ONS) was formed by merging the Central Statistical Office (CSO), OPCS and the statistics division of the Department of Employment; the first census it ran was in 2001. In 2008 the UK Statistics Authority was established as an independent body. A population census is a key instrument for assessing the needs of local communities. When related to other data sources such as housing or agricultural censuses, or sample surveys,

3330-898: The Royal Mail and Ordnance Survey national address products. People could complete and submit their questionnaire online, or fill it in on paper and post it back in a pre-addressed envelope. Guidance was provided online and through the census helpline. Completed questionnaires were electronically tracked and field staff followed up with households that did not return a questionnaire. Special arrangements were made to count people living in communal establishments such as; boarding schools, prisons, military bases, hospitals, care homes, student halls of residence, hotels, royal apartments and embassies, as well as for particular communities; rough sleepers, travellers and those living on waterways. In these cases field staff delivered and collected questionnaires and, where needed, provided advice or assistance in completing

3420-576: The UK, along with UK historic population pyramids (1951–2011). Key and Quick statistics Part 1 – Census Profiles; Population, People and Places, Health and Social Care, Travel and Transport. National and Local Authority geographies. Key and Quick statistics Part 2 – Census Profiles; Qualifications and Labour Market. National and Local Authority geographies. Key and Quick statistics Part 3 – Multivariate, Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for: Living arrangements; Household composition; and Accommodation type. A series of further releases, subsequent to

3510-712: The area consisting of the counties established by section 1 of that Act, Greater London and the Isles of Scilly", which thus includes Berwick. In the 1972 act's reorganisation of English local government from 1 April 1974, the Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed was created by the merger of the previous borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed with Belford Rural District, Glendale Rural District and Norham and Islandshires Rural District . The Interpretation Act 1978 provides that in legislation passed between 1967 and 1974, "a reference to England includes Berwick upon Tweed and Monmouthshire ". In 2009

3600-432: The authority has been considering alternative ways of obtaining information that has been traditionally gathered via a census. The current advice from the ONS is clear. Census alternatives are not sufficiently developed to provide now the information required to meet essential UK and EU requirements. It is therefore important that the census goes ahead in England and Wales on 27 March 2011. ONS must do all it can to ensure it

3690-538: The borough in 1841 was 12,578, and that of the parish was 8,484. In the 1840s, Samuel Lewis included similar entries for Berwick-upon-Tweed in both his England and Scotland Topographical Dictionary . Berwick remained a county in its own right, and remained a separate parliamentary constituency until 1885 when it was merged to become a division of Northumberland under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 . In 1889 elected county councils were established under

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3780-479: The census is used to provide statistical outputs which central government uses to plan and allocate local authority services funding, and which local authorities themselves use to identify and meet the needs of their local communities. Other organisations that use census data include healthcare organisations, community groups, researchers and businesses. The questionnaires, including people's personal information, are kept confidential for 100 years before being released to

3870-475: The census logo informed the viewer that the census was a duty that must be undertaken. From 7 April 2011 advertising focused on reminding people to complete and return by post or submit online. A question about the number of bedrooms a household has, as well as the names, gender and birth dates of any overnight guests was criticised as "bedroom snooping" by the Conservative Party in opposition. In

3960-462: The county of Northumberland into four dialect zones and placed the Berwick dialect in the "north-Northumbrian" region, an area extending from Berwick down to the River Coquet . Likewise, Charles Jones (1997) classes the dialect as "predominantly North-Northumbrian" with "a few features shared with Scots ". Features of this dialect include the " Northumbrian burr ", a distinct pronunciation of

4050-588: The data becomes even more useful. Most countries of the world take censuses: the United Nations recommends that countries take a census at least once every ten years. Twenty-one out of 40 countries in Europe are engaged in the 2010–2011 census round The design for the 2011 census reflected changes in society since 2001 and asked questions to help paint a detailed demographic picture of England and Wales, as it stood on census day, 27 March 2011. Data collected by

4140-644: The day after the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. The Scots briefly took control of the town of Berwick (but not its castle) after a siege in November 1355 , but were in turn besieged by the English, who retook the town in January 1356. In October 1357, a treaty was signed at Berwick by which the Scottish estates undertook to pay 100,000 marks as a ransom for David II of Scotland , who had been taken prisoner at

4230-508: The ethnicity, national identity and main language sections. Additionally, people could record Cornwall as their country of birth. During the consultation on the 2011 census the British Humanist Association raised several concerns about question 20, "What is your religion?". The BHA argued it was a leading question , and suggested that it should be phrased as two questions, "Do you have a religion?" and "If so, what

4320-455: The first census of Great Britain's population, and was responsible for the ten-yearly reports published between 1801 and 1831. During the first 100 years of census-taking the population of England and Wales grew more than threefold, to around 32 million, and that of Scotland, where a separate census has been carried out since 1861, to about 4.5 million. From 1911 onwards rapid social change, scientific breakthroughs, and major world events affected

4410-519: The former Borough's mayoralty and regalia. The mayor for 2022–2023 is Mike Greener. Berwick-upon-Tweed is in the parliamentary constituency of North Northumberland . Slightly more than 60% of the population is employed in the service sector, including shops, hotels and catering, financial services and most government activity, including health care. Some current and recent Berwick economic activities include salmon fishing, shipbuilding, engineering, sawmilling , fertilizer production, malting and

4500-535: The former MP for Berwick, said the move would require a massive legal upheaval and is not realistic. Beith's successor as MP, Anne-Marie Trevelyan , said: "Voters in Berwick-upon-Tweed do not believe it is whether they are in England or Scotland that is important." The local speech of Berwick-upon-Tweed shares many characteristics with both other rural Northumberland dialects and East Central Scots . In 1892, linguist Richard Oliver Heslop divided

4590-441: The four main releases of 2011 Census statistics including migration tables, workplace tables, detailed religion and ethnic group tables, and statistics relating to alternative population bases. Specialist products would include:- Small population groups; microdata; flow data (also known as origin-destination statistics). It is also suggested that data organised around alternative population bases may be produced. The original plans of

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4680-424: The household to complete. The rehearsal was held on Sunday 11 October 2009 in two areas, Derriaghy and Moy & Benburb, covering approximately 5,000 households. The 2011 census for Northern Ireland costing around £21.8 million over the six-year period 2008–2014. Over the ten-year cycle the cost is expected to be about £25 million. In Scotland, a wholly owned subsidiary of information technology company CACI

4770-415: The last decennial census to be taken. The first results from the 2011 census, age and sex, and occupied households estimates for England and Wales and Northern Ireland, were released on 16 July 2012. The first results for Scotland, and the first UK-wide results, were published on 17 December 2012. More detailed and specialised data were published from 2013. The Registrar General John Rickman conducted

4860-468: The latter being opened by Queen Victoria in 1850. The Tweed Dock officially opened in October 1876, replacing the older port on the north bank of the river which had become inadequate. Following improvement works in 1993 vessels with a maximum beam of 16 metres are now able to enter the dock. Due to its geographical location the port primarily handles cargoes linked to the agricultural industry, with fertilisers, malting barley, feed barley and oilseed rape

4950-638: The letter R historically common to many dialects of North East England ; and predominant non-rhoticity : older speakers tend to be slightly rhotic, while younger speakers are universally non-rhotic. A sociological study of the Anglo-Scottish border region conducted in 2000 found that locals of Alnwick , 30 mi (50 km) south of Berwick, associated the Berwick accent with Scottish influence. Conversely, those from Eyemouth , Scotland, 9 mi (14 km) north of Berwick, firmly classed Berwick speech as English, identifying it as "Northumbrian or Geordie ". Berwick Rangers Football Club were formed in

5040-462: The main UK political parties had expressed concerns about the rising costs and value of a ten-yearly census, and on coming into office the UK coalition government had gone as far as suggesting that the 2011 census might be the last of its kind. In July 2010 the UK government asked ONS to explore other methods of measuring the population. In 2011 the three national statistics bodies, ONS, GROS and NISRA set up

5130-755: The manufacture of tweed and hosiery. Berwick town centre comprises the Mary Gate and High Street where many local shops and some retail chains exist. New office development has been built in the Walker Gate beside the library, which combined space with the Northumberland Adult Learning Centre and Tourism centre. There is a retail park in Tweedmouth consisting of a Homebase, Farm Foods, Marks and Spencer, Argos, Next, Carpetright and Poundland. Berwick Borough Council refused

5220-550: The most expensive undertaking of the Elizabethan period" – were spent on its fortifications, in a new Italian style ( trace italienne ), designed both to withstand artillery and to facilitate its use from within the fortifications. These fortifications have been described as "the only surviving walls of their kind". Sir Richard Lee designed some of the Elizabethan works, and the Italian military engineer Giovanni Portinari

5310-498: The north side of the River Tweed, covering the main part of the built-up area and the rural areas immediately north-west of it. By that time, Tweedmouth on the south side of the river had grown to a sizeable population, effectively as a suburb of the town but outside the borough boundaries. Under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 the parliamentary borough (constituency) of Berwick was enlarged to include

5400-478: The outskirts of the town near the current A1. The Aldi outlet moved its operations to a new location in the newly constructed Loaning Meadows Retail Park which also hosts KFC and Costa Coffee drive-throughs, A Food Warehouse wholesale store, Greggs and a Home Bargains supermarket. The retail park is located adjacent to the Morrisons store. The old A1 road passes through Berwick. The modern A1 goes around

5490-653: The principal commodities. Berwick Rangers football club plays at Shielfield Park in Tweedmouth. The stadium also hosts motorcycle speedway , in the form of Berwick Bandits . The neighbouring ground of Old Shielfield Park is home to Tweedmouth Rangers F.C. , who play in the East of Scotland Football League . The Swan Leisure Centre is a multi-purpose leisure facility with a swimming pool, gym, sports hall and all-weather outdoor pitch. Berwick-upon-Tweed Berwick-upon-Tweed ( / ˈ b ɛr ɪ k / ), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick ,

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5580-498: The public, providing an important source of information for historical, demographic and genealogy research. The 2011 census for England and Wales included around 25 million households. Questionnaires were posted out to all households, using a national address register compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) with the help of local authorities through comparisons of the National Land and Property Gazetteer (NLPG) and

5670-547: The questionnaire. There was a legal requirement to complete the 2011 census questionnaire, under the terms of the Census Act 1920 . As at 27 March 2011 everyone who had lived or intended to live in the country for three months or more was required to complete a questionnaire. Failure to return a completed questionnaire could lead to a fine and criminal record. Lockheed Martin UK , the UK arm of US-based aerospace , defence , security , and technology company Lockheed Martin

5760-460: The release plan for the results of the 2011 census which stated in July 2012. NISRA made a similar announcement with identical release plan. In June 2012 GROS advised on its release plan which commences in December 2012. The releases will comprise data sets enabling the standard comparison with previous census data reports as well as over a hundred new data sets based on the new questions asked in

5850-475: The said hospital, as freely as is granted to any other hospital in the Kingdom of Scotland; the king also commands all those concerned to pay to the grantee all things necessary for the support of the hospital. Dated at Edinburgh June 8, in the 20th year of his reign." Berwick's strategic position on the Anglo-Scottish border during centuries of war between the two nations and its relatively great wealth led to

5940-603: The sea and the water its walls". In 1291–92, Berwick was the site of Edward I of England 's arbitration in the contest for the Scottish crown between John Balliol and Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale . The decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292. In 1296, England went to war with France , with which Scotland was in alliance. Balliol invaded England in response, sacking Cumberland . Edward, in turn, invaded Scotland and captured Berwick , destroying much of

6030-570: The structure of the population. A fire that destroyed census records in 1931, and the declaration of war in 1939, made the 1951 census hugely significant in recording 30 years of change over one of the most turbulent periods in British history. The 1971 census was run by the newly created Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS), a body formed by the merger of the General Register Office and Government Social Survey. In 1996

6120-417: The systems" used to process census data, but that "in essence ... neither Lockheed Martin UK nor any Lockheed Martin employee will have access to personal Census data." The Office for National Statistics stated that no personal census information will ever leave the UK or be seen by any American-owned company. Several groups called for a boycott of the census over the involvement of Lockheed Martin, including

6210-446: The three national statistical authorities. Population data including data for males and females for the United Kingdom and revised estimates England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Population numbers (rounded), by five-year age bands, sex and densities and household sata at national and local authority level. Population estimates (unrounded) by single year of age and sex for the UK and all local authorities (or equivalent) in

6300-635: The town and massacring the burgesses, merchants and artisans of the town. Edward I went again to Berwick in August 1296 to receive formal homage from some 2,000 Scottish nobles, after defeating the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar in April and forcing John Balliol to abdicate at Kincardine Castle the following July. At this time, work began on building the town walls (and rebuilding the earlier Castle); these fortifications were complete by 1318 and subsequently improved under Scottish rule. An arm of William Wallace

6390-671: The town in 1881. The club plays in the Scottish football league system . The home stadium of Berwick Rangers is Shielfield Park , and the club currently plays in the Lowland League , the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system. The town also has a rugby union side, Berwick RFC , who play in Scottish Rugby Union 's East Regional League Division 1. Before 2016, the two teams were unique in being English teams that play in Scottish leagues. 2011 United Kingdom census The Office for National Statistics

6480-479: The town is slightly further north than Denmark 's capital Copenhagen and the southern tip of Sweden further east of the North Sea , which Berwick borders. Berwick was founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the Kingdom of Northumbria , which was annexed by England in the 10th century. A civil parish and town council were formed in 2008 comprising the communities of Berwick, Spittal and Tweedmouth . It

6570-629: The town of North Berwick , East Lothian , near Edinburgh. Berwick had a mediaeval hospital for the sick and poor, which the Church administered. A charter under the Great Seal of Scotland , confirmed by King James I of Scotland , grants the king's chaplain " Thomas Lauder of the House of God or Hospital lying in the burgh of Berwick-upon-Tweed, to be held to him for the whole time of his life with all lands, teinds, rents and profits, etc., belonging to

6660-509: The town showed a bear and a wych tree as a pun on the name. In the post-Roman period, the area was inhabited by the Brythons of Bryneich . Later, the region became part of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia . Bernicia later united with the kingdom of Deira to form Northumbria , which in the mid-10th century entered the Kingdom of England under Eadred . Berwick remained part of

6750-487: The town to the west. The town is on the East Coast Main Line railway and is served by Berwick-upon-Tweed railway station . A small seaport at Tweedmouth facilitates the import and export of goods but provides no passenger services. The port is protected by a long breakwater built in the 19th century, at the end of which is a red and white lighthouse . Completed in 1826, the 13 m (43 ft) tower emits

6840-512: The town. over a little more than 400 years, Berwick had changed hands more than a dozen times. Much of southern Scotland was again invaded by England during the " Rough Wooing " (also known as the Eight Years' War) of 1543–1551. The war ended with the Treaty of Norham in 1551, which saw England withdraw back to the border as had existed before the war began, and so retaining Berwick. Under

6930-593: The townships of Tweedmouth and Spittal south of the Tweed. A couple of years later, the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 standardised how boroughs were governed across England and Wales, and Berwick's municipal boundaries were enlarged to match the parliamentary borough, bringing Tweedmouth and Spittal under the jurisdiction of Berwick's town council. The same act also formalised Berwick's status as an independent county corporate . The population of

7020-404: The treaty, Berwick was declared to be a free town, independent of either kingdom. In practice it was controlled by England and sent members of parliament to the English parliament, but as an independent borough, outside the authority of the sheriffs of any English county, similar to a county corporate . During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England , vast sums – one source reports "£128,648,

7110-490: Was again appointed Keeper of the castle, a position that he held until the final year of Scottish control, when Patrick Hepburn , 1st Lord Hailes, had possession. In 1482, Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III ) recaptured the town . Thomas Gower ( fl.  1543–1577 ) was the English marshal of Berwick 1543-1552. The Scots did not accept this conquest evidenced by innumerable charters for at least two centuries after this date, but never regained control of

7200-573: Was also involved in the project. Berwick's role as a border fortress town ended with England and Scotland's Union of the Crowns . On 6 April 1603, James VI of Scotland crossed the Border on his journey southwards to be crowned James I of England. He was met at Lamberton by the Lord Governor of Berwick with a mounted party from the garrison and was conducted into the town. In December 1603,

7290-411: Was an exclave of County Durham , before becoming a hundred of Northumberland in 1844. On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished and became part of Berwick upon Tweed unparished area. In an annual ceremony dating back to 1292, Tweedmouth schools elect a Salmon Queen to mark the start of Salmon Week , a traditional celebration which dates to medieval times. The event is a reminder that Tweedmouth has

7380-404: Was annulled in 1189 when William paid Richard I of England 10,000 marks sterling to contribute towards the latter's crusade . Berwick had become a prosperous town by the middle of the 13th century. According to William Edington , a bishop and chancellor of England, Berwick was "so populous and of such commercial importance that it might rightly be called another Alexandria , whose riches were

7470-544: Was awarded the contract to provide services for the census comprising questionnaire printing, a customer contact centre and data capture and processing. The contract was valued at £150 million, approximately one third of the total £482 million census budget. Concerns were raised during contract negotiations that the US PATRIOT Act could be used to force Lockheed Martin to reveal census data to US authorities. The Cabinet Office state that Lockheed Martin will "develop

7560-422: Was contracted to gather information. CACI "provided interrogators who worked at Abu Ghraib prison at the height of the prisoner abuse scandal". The 2011 Scotland census asked 13 household questions and up to 35 questions for each individual. Plans were rehearsed in west Edinburgh and Lewis and Harris . The 2011 census was the first to include a question asking about the ability to read, write and understand

7650-416: Was displayed at Berwick after his execution and quartering on 23 August 1305. In 1314, Edward II of England mustered 25,000 men at Berwick, who later fought in the crushing defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn . Between 1315 and 1318, Scottish armies, sometimes with the help of Flemish and German privateers , besieged and blockaded the town, finally capturing it in April 1318. England retook Berwick

7740-486: Was duly granted. On 1 April 1974, the borough was merged with Belford Rural District, Glendale Rural District and Norham and Islandshires Rural District to form Berwick Borough Council . Northumberland County Council became the unitary authority for the area when the Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed was abolished on 1 April 2009. A new Berwick-upon-Tweed Town Council was created on 1 April 2008 covering Berwick-upon-Tweed, Tweedmouth , and Spittal. It has taken over

7830-407: Was laid before Parliament in October 2009 and was approved by Parliament and became law in December 2009. Capita Group was contracted by ONS to recruit, train and administer the pay for the 35,000 temporary ONS workers who worked as field staff for the 2011 census. The total cost of the 2011 census in England and Wales over the period from 2004/05 to 2015/16 is estimated to be £482 million. This

7920-447: Was made a royal burgh by David I (reigned 1124–1153). David also established many of the shires of Scotland, with Berwick becoming the county town of Berwickshire , which covered the town and a largely rural area to the north-west of it. A mint was present in the town by 1153. In 1276, William de Baddeby was Constable of Berwick. While under Scottish control, Berwick was referred to as "South Berwick" to differentiate it from

8010-418: Was made about whether or not to call for a boycott. The Census Alert campaign group also decided against calling for a boycott. Liberal Conspiracy said a boycott would be counter-productive, as the census is used to distribute funding to local services. Liberal Conspiracy reports that a council may lose £22,000 over 10 years for each person who does not complete the census. The census for England and Wales

8100-578: Was trialled in 135,000 households in Lancaster , the London Borough of Newham and Anglesey on 11 October 2009. A test was also carried out in Birmingham at the same time. The questions for the 2011 census were the same as those trialled in the 2009 Census Rehearsal. The Order for the 2011 Census (including the proposed question topics, census date and who should complete the questionnaire)

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