Twin Prime Search ( TPS ) is a volunteer computing project that looks for large twin primes . It uses the programs LLR (for primality testing ) and NewPGen (for sieving). It was founded on April 13, 2006, by Michael Kwok. In number theory , it is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, and this is known as the twin prime conjecture .
31-575: TPS found a record twin prime, 2003663613 × 2 ± 1, on January 15, 2007, on a computer operated by Eric Vautier. It is 58,711 digits long, which made it the largest known twin prime at the time. The project worked in collaboration with PrimeGrid , which did most of the LLR tests. On August 6, 2009, those same two projects announced that a new record twin prime had been found. The primes are 65516468355 × 2 ± 1, and have 100,355 digits. On December 25, 2011, Timothy D Winslow found
62-579: A day by a single computer, whereas the most challenging badges will require far more time and computing power. PrimeGrid started in June 2005 under the name Message@home and tried to decipher text fragments hashed with MD5 . Message@home was a test to port the BOINC scheduler to Perl to obtain greater portability. After a while the project attempted the RSA factoring challenge trying to factor RSA-640. After RSA-640
93-561: A record-sized twin prime at approximately 58,700 digits. The new world's largest known twin prime 2003663613 × 2 ± 1 was eventually discovered on January 15, 2007 (sieved by Twin Prime Search and tested by PrimeGrid). The search continued for another record twin prime at just above 100,000 digits. It was completed in August 2009 when Primegrid found 65516468355 × 2 ± 1 . Continued testing for twin primes in conjunction with
124-562: A talk as a founder of PrimeGrid, named Finding primes: from digits to digital technology , relating mathematics and volunteering and featuring the history of the project. BOINC 8.0.2 macOS 30 May 2024 ; 5 months ago ( 2024-05-30 ) 8.0.2 Linux 30 May 2024 ; 5 months ago ( 2024-05-30 ) 8.0.2 Android 30 May 2024 ; 5 months ago ( 2024-05-30 ) The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing ( BOINC , pronounced / b ɔɪ ŋ k / – rhymes with "oink" )
155-582: Is free software released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). BOINC was originally developed to manage the SETI@home project. David P. Anderson has said that he chose its name because he wanted something that was not "imposing", but rather "light, catchy, and maybe - like ' Unix ' - a little risqué ", so he "played around with various acronyms and settled on 'BOINC'". The original SETI client
186-424: Is software that can exploit the unused CPU and GPU cycles on computer hardware to perform scientific computing. In 2008, BOINC's website announced that Nvidia had developed a language called CUDA that uses GPUs for scientific computing. With NVIDIA's assistance, several BOINC-based projects (e.g., MilkyWay@home . SETI@home ) developed applications that run on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. BOINC added support for
217-552: Is 6,598,776 digits long and is only the second Generalized Fermat prime found for n = 20 . It ranks as the 13th largest known prime overall. As of 13 December 2022 , PrimeGrid has eliminated 18 values of k from the Riesel problem and is continuing the search to eliminate the 43 remaining numbers. 3 values of k are found by independent searchers. Primegrid worked with the Twin Prime Search to search for
248-485: Is allowed to select the research projects they want to support, if it is in the app's available project list. By default, the application will allow computing only when the device is connected to a WiFi network, is being charged, and the battery has a charge of at least 90%. Some of these settings can be changed to users needs. Not all BOINC projects are available and some of the projects are not compatible with all versions of Android operating system or availability of work
279-400: Is also running a search for Cullen prime numbers, yielding the two largest known Cullen primes. The first one being the 14th largest known prime at the time of discovery, and the second one was PrimeGrid's largest prime found 6679881 · 2 + 1 at over 2 million digits. On 24 September 2022, PrimeGrid discovered the largest known Generalized Fermat prime to date, 1963736 + 1 . This prime
310-491: Is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing (a type of distributed computing ). Developed originally to support SETI@home , it became the platform for many other applications in areas as diverse as medicine , molecular biology , mathematics , linguistics , climatology , environmental science , and astrophysics , among others. The purpose of BOINC is to enable researchers to utilize processing resources of personal computers and other devices around
341-707: Is an application that manages multiple BOINC project accounts across multiple computers (CPUs) and operating systems. Account managers were designed for people who are new to BOINC or have several computers participating in several projects. The account manager concept was conceived and developed jointly by GridRepublic and BOINC. Current and past account managers include: BOINC is used by many groups and individuals. Some BOINC projects are based at universities and research labs while others are independent areas of research or interest. 2 Spy Hill Research Mission 2: Develop forum software for Interactions in Understanding
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#1732773251258372-567: Is hosted to increase collaboration among project administrators. In 2021, the workshop was hosted virtually. While not affiliated with BOINC officially, there have been several independent projects that reward BOINC users for their participation, including Charity Engine (sweepstakes based on processing power with prizes funded by private entities who purchase computational time of CE users), Bitcoin Utopia (now defunct), and Gridcoin (a blockchain which mints coins based on processing power). BOINC
403-506: Is intermittent. Currently available projects are Asteroids@home, Einstein@Home , LHC@home , Moo! Wrapper , Rosetta@home , Universe@Home , World Community Grid and Yoyo@home [ ru ] . As of September 2021, the most recent version of the mobile application can only be downloaded from the BOINC website or the F-Droid repository as the official Google Play store does not allow downloading and running executables not signed by
434-419: Is working on or has worked on the following projects: 321 Prime Search is a continuation of Paul Underwood's 321 Search which looked for primes of the form 3 · 2 − 1. PrimeGrid added the +1 form and continues the search up to n = 25 M . Primes known for 3 · 2 + 1 occur at the following n : Primes known for 3 · 2 − 1 occur at
465-764: The ATI / AMD family of GPUs in October 2009. The GPU applications run from 2 to 10 times faster than the former CPU-only versions. GPU support (via OpenCL ) was added for computers using macOS with AMD Radeon graphic cards, with the current BOINC client supporting OpenCL on Windows, Linux, and macOS. GPU support is also provided for Intel GPUs. BOINC consists of a server system and client software that communicate to process and distribute work units and return results. A BOINC app also exists for Android, allowing every person owning an Android device – smartphone, tablet and/or Kindle – to share their unused computing power. The user
496-565: The BOINC client , others through the PRPNet client. Some of the work is manual, i.e. it requires manually starting work units and uploading results. Different subprojects may run on different operating systems, and may have executables for CPUs, GPUs, or both; while running the Lucas–Lehmer–Riesel test , CPUs with Advanced Vector Extensions and Fused Multiply-Add instruction sets will yield
527-575: The "Operation Megabit Twin" for primes larger than k × 2 ± 1. PrimeGrid PrimeGrid is a volunteer computing project that searches for very large (up to world-record size) prime numbers whilst also aiming to solve long-standing mathematical conjectures . It uses the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform. PrimeGrid offers a number of subprojects for prime-number sieving and discovery. Some of these are available through
558-431: The 21st largest processing capability in the world compared with an individual supercomputer ). The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds BOINC through awards SCI/0221529, SCI/0438443 and SCI/0721124. Guinness World Records ranks BOINC as the largest computing grid in the world. BOINC code runs on various operating systems , including Microsoft Windows , macOS , Android , Linux , and FreeBSD . BOINC
589-632: The Seventeen or Bust sieve and the combined Cullen/Woodall sieve. In the fall of the same year, PrimeGrid migrated its systems from PerlBOINC to standard BOINC software. Since September 2008, PrimeGrid is also running a Proth prime sieving subproject. In January 2010 the subproject Seventeen or Bust (for solving the Sierpinski problem ) was added. The calculations for the Riesel problem followed in March 2010. As of January 2023 , PrimeGrid
620-679: The app developer and each BOINC project has their own executable files. BOINC can be controlled remotely by remote procedure calls (RPC), from the command line , and from a BOINC Manager. BOINC Manager currently has two "views": the Advanced View and the Simplified GUI . The Grid View was removed in the 6.6.x clients as it was redundant. The appearance ( skin ) of the Simplified GUI is user-customizable, in that users can create their own designs. A BOINC Account Manager
651-429: The fastest results for non-GPU accelerated workloads. PrimeGrid awards badges to users in recognition of achieving certain defined levels of credit for work done. The badges have no intrinsic value but are valued by many as a sign of achievement. The issuing of badges should also benefit PrimeGrid by evening out the participation in the less popular sub projects. The easiest of the badges can often be obtained in less than
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#1732773251258682-530: The following n : One of PrimeGrid projects was AP26 Search which searched for a record 26 primes in arithmetic progression . The search was successful in April 2010 with the finding of the first known AP26: Next target of the project was AP27 Search which searched for a record 27 primes in arithmetic progression . The search was successful in September 2019 with the finding of the first known AP27: PrimeGrid
713-587: The largest known generalized Woodall prime, 563528 × 13 − 1 . PrimeGrid's author Rytis Slatkevičius has been featured as a young entrepreneur in The Economist . PrimeGrid has also been featured in an article by Francois Grey in the CERN Courier and a talk about citizen cyberscience in TEDx Warwick conference. In the first Citizen Cyberscience Summit , Rytis Slatkevičius gave
744-701: The original manual project. TPS has since been completed, and the search for Sophie Germain primes was suspended in 2024. In the summer of 2007, the Cullen and Woodall prime searches were launched. In the Fall, more prime searches were added through partnerships with the Prime Sierpinski Problem and 3*2^n-1 Search projects. Additionally, two sieves were added: the Prime Sierpinski Problem combined sieve which includes supporting
775-442: The search for a Sophie Germain prime yielded a new record twin prime in September 2016 upon finding the number 2996863034895 × 2 ± 1 composed of 388,342 digits. As of 22 April 2018 , the project has discovered the four largest Woodall primes known to date. The largest of these is 17016602 × 2 − 1 and was found in 21 March 2018. The search continues for an even bigger Woodall prime. PrimeGrid also found
806-403: The world's largest known twin primes 3756801695685 × 2 ± 1. As of February 2024, the current largest twin prime pair known is 2996863034895 · 2 ± 1, with 388,342 decimal digits. It was discovered on September 14, 2016. TPS has two subprojects as of 2024. These subprojects include a variable twin search to find twins between 144,500 and 150,500 digits, and a search called
837-583: The world. BOINC development began with a group based at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at the University of California, Berkeley , and led by David P. Anderson , who also led SETI@home. As a high-performance volunteer computing platform, BOINC brings together 34,236 active participants employing 136,341 active computers (hosts) worldwide, processing daily on average 20.164 PetaFLOPS as of 16 November 2021 (it would be
868-488: Was a non-BOINC software exclusively for SETI@home. It was one of the first volunteer computing projects, and not designed with a high level of security. As a result, some participants in the project attempted to cheat the project to gain "credits", while others submitted entirely falsified work. BOINC was designed, in part, to combat these security breaches. The BOINC project started in February 2002, and its first version
899-551: Was factored by an outside team in November 2005, the project moved on to RSA-768. With the chance to succeed too small, it discarded the RSA challenges, was renamed to PrimeGrid, and started generating a list of the first prime numbers. At 210,000,000,000 the primegen subproject was stopped. In June 2006, dialog started with Riesel Sieve to bring their project to the BOINC community. PrimeGrid provided PerlBOINC support and Riesel Sieve
930-431: Was released on April 10, 2002. The first BOINC-based project was Predictor@home , launched on June 9, 2004. In 2009, AQUA@home deployed multi-threaded CPU applications for the first time, followed by the first OpenCL application in 2010. As of 15 August 2022, there are 33 projects on the official list. There are also, however, BOINC projects not included on the official list. Each year, an international BOINC Workshop
961-464: Was successful in implementing their sieve as well as a prime finding ( LLR ) application. With collaboration from Riesel Sieve, PrimeGrid was able to implement the LLR application in partnership with another prime finding project, Twin Prime Search (TPS). In November 2006, the TPS LLR application was officially released at PrimeGrid. Less than two months later, January 2007, the record twin was found by