USNS Mizar (MA-48/T-AGOR-11/T-AK-272) was a vessel of the United States Navy . She was named after the star Mizar .
60-550: Mizar was built as a small ice-strengthened, double hull, cargo ship of the Eltanin class on a Maritime Administration type (C1-ME2-13a) hull, by Avondale Marine Ways, Inc. from January 1957. She entered service on March 7, 1958, and served as part of the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), working around Canada and Greenland , with a single voyage to Antarctica in 1961. The loss of
120-525: A fifth program (Service Support). The Prepositioning and Sealift programs are unchanged by the 2012 reorganization. As of June 2013, Military Sealift Command operated around 110 ships, and employed 9,800 people (88% of whom are civilians). In 2015, the Military Sealift Command underwent further restructuring with the relocation from the former headquarters at Washington Navy Yard to Naval Station Norfolk . The Combat Logistics Force
180-496: A floating base for underwater acoustic, chemical, and biological research. The search for Thresher had paused with advent of bad weather in September 1963. Mizar was assigned to the successor search task group, TG 168.1, when it formed May 18, 1974. Mizar's "fish" located the wreckage of the submarine within a few hours of searching. The only means of subsurface navigation locating a search vehicle or other sensors relative to
240-575: A realignment of its structure to increase its efficiency while maintaining effectiveness. To better manage this new program structure, MSC repositioned three of its key Senior Executive Service (SES) personnel, with one SES acting as the program executive over MSC's government-operated ships, a second SES serving as the program executive over contract-operated ships, and a third SES overseeing total force manpower management for MSC worldwide operations. Also, MSC realigned two of its four mission-driven programs (Combat Logistics Force and Special Mission) and adding
300-601: A subordinate command of Military Sealift Command and is a single Type Commander (TYCOM) execution command having worldwide responsibility to crew, train, equip and maintain MSC government-owned, government-operated ships. MSFSC officially stood up on 13 November 2005. Stand up of the Ship Support Units (SSUs) followed establishment of MSFSC, their parent command. SSU San Diego stood up in conjunction with MSFSC. By late 2008, all subordinate SSUs were fully operational. MSFSC
360-421: A union-crewed merchant ship could provide some or all of the fleet support services normally provided by navy oilers. Extensive trials were conducted using the civilian crewed merchant tanker SS Erna Elizabeth equipped with both alongside and astern fueling gear to test the feasibility of augmenting (not replacing) the service force with ships of the U.S. Merchant Marine . The success of 'Charger Log' contributed to
420-615: Is achieved through the use of commercial charter vessels, Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off ships, and the Maritime Administration's Ready Reserve Force , including the eight former MSC fast sealift ships . Sealift is divided into three separate project offices: Tanker Project Office, Dry Cargo Project Office and the Surge Project Office. Formerly the Fleet Ordnance and Dry Cargo (PM6), it
480-453: Is composed of twelve Dry Cargo/Ammunition ships and two Fast Combat Support ships. Dry Cargo and Ammunition ships, or T-AKEs, were designed to replenish dry and refrigerated stores as well as ordnance. They have replaced combat stores ships and ammunition ships incorporating the capabilities of both platforms into one hull. These multi-product ships increase the delivery capability to provide food, fuel, spare parts, ammunition and potable water to
540-631: Is forward presence and power projection. Prepositioning extends the reach of operations, isolates conflicts away from the United States, allows for a swift response to conflict, and reduces time and resources delegated to transporting cargo. The MSC Prepositioning Program supports the US Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps and the Defense Logistics Agency . Prepositioning ships remain at sea, ready to deploy on short-notice
600-509: Is located at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, VA. As a result of a 2012 organization, MSC's 12 worldwide MSC ship support units (SSUs) will now report to the MSC operational area commands in their respective areas of responsibility. These are responsible for crewing, training, equipping and maintaining MSC's government-owned, government-operated ships. Formerly, these SSUs had reported to MSC's Military Sealift Fleet Support Command (MSFSC),
660-602: The Far East . The 1960s brought the conflict in Southeast Asia . From 1965 to 1969 MSTS moved almost 54 million tons of combat equipment and supplies and almost 8 million long tons of fuel to South Vietnam . The Vietnam War era also marked the last use of MSC troop ships for personnel movement. Currently, most US troops are prepositioned by air. MSTS was renamed Military Sealift Command (MSC) in 1970. In 1971 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt proposed
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#1732798434635720-589: The Government Accountability Office issued a report detailing readiness issues that limited at-sea mission capabilities, prompting an investigation from the Department of Defense's Inspector General. History Military Sealift Command operated former ships of the U.S. Navy, which upon decommissioning changes prefixes from United States Ship (USS) to United States Naval Ship (USNS). In rare instances, ships were transferred from MSC to
780-587: The Military Sea Transportation Service ( MSTS ) became solely responsible for the Department of Defense 's ocean transport needs. The MSTS was renamed the Military Sealift Command in 1970. Military Sealift Command ships are made up of a core fleet of ships owned by the United States Navy and others under long-term-charter augmented by short-term or voyage-chartered ships. The Navy-owned ships carry blue and gold stack colors, are in service with
840-649: The Military Sealift Command (MSC) as USNS Hayes (T-AGOR-16). After completing service with the MSC, she was placed into Ready Reserve 10 June 1983. In 1984 Hayes was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet , James River , Fort Eustis , Virginia. Hayes was reacquired by the Navy during fiscal year 1986 and was converted into an Acoustic Research Ship at Tacoma Boatbuilding Company , Tacoma, Washington. MSC placed
900-598: The U.S. Army and U.S. Navy chartered American merchant ships separately. Following the Mexican–American War , Brigadier General Thomas S. Jesup , Quartermaster of the Army, recommended that the Navy be given responsibility for all water transportation requirements for the military. However, each service managed their own sea transportation throughout the nineteenth century and both World Wars. In World War II , four government agencies conducted military sealift functions,
960-586: The USS ; Thresher (SSN-593) on April 10, 1963, and problems handling heavy search equipment over the side from James M. Gilliss in 1963 drove the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) requirement for a larger, more capable ship than the usual oceanographic research type. A search for a candidate ship, capable of being modified for an inboard center well, led to selection of Mizar in late 1963. In 1964 Mizar's successful search for
1020-603: The "Caesar fleet" supporting the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) installation under the unclassified name Project Caesar. A footnote to a table of ships in The Federal Ocean Program dated April 1974 noted that Mizar was funded and operated by NAVELEX and no longer was funded as an oceanographic ship. The ship was assigned to Military Sealift Command Pacific in 1975 and underwent another major modification in 1980. As of 1979 Mizar
1080-484: The 1970s and 1980s MSC provided the Department of Defense with ocean transportation. During the first Persian Gulf War , consisting of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm , MSC distinguished itself as the largest source of defense transportation of any nation involved. Command resources delivered more than 12 million tons (11 million metric tonnes) of wheeled and tracked vehicles, helicopters, ammunition, dry cargo, fuel and other supplies and equipment during
1140-571: The AE. The pumping rate was considerably less than that of a fleet oiler and, while workable, contained many drawbacks. By the time the USNS ; Henry J. Kaiser (T-AO-187) entered service on 19 December 1986, the Navy had transferred the five Second World War vintage tankers of the Mispillion class and the six 1950s-built Neosho -class fleet oilers to the Military Sealift Command. Through
1200-562: The Department of Defense's Transportation Command for defense transportation matters, to the Navy Fleet Forces Command for Navy-unique matters, and to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) for procurement policy and oversight matters. Military Sealift Command is organized around eight programs: On 9 January 2012, the MSC command organization was reorganized via
1260-562: The Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) program but was changed to (EPF) in September 2015. The Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) program is a cooperative effort for a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intratheater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads. The EPF will reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph) and will allow for the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces as well as equipment and supplies. MSC headquarters
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#17327984346351320-958: The Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS), the Army Transport Service , the U.S. Maritime Commission 's War Shipping Administration , and the Fleet Support Services. To oversee these organizations, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) established the Joint Military Transportation Command. On 15 December 1948, the Secretary of Defense James Forrestal issued a statement, "all military sea transport including Army transports would be placed under Navy command." Issues with funding held up
1380-561: The Navy's program of acoustic noise reduction for submarines . Hayes was built in Seattle , Washington, by Todd Shipyards , Corp., and was laid down on 12 November 1969 and launched on 2 July 1970. She was named after Dr. Harvey C. Hayes, a pioneer in underwater acoustics and the former head of the US Navy Sound Division of Naval Research Laboratory. She was delivered to the Navy 21 July 1971 and placed in service by
1440-530: The Seventh Fleet) in 1973, Admiral Johnson had to contend with the problem of how to provide logistic support for the two Seventh Fleet destroyers deployed to the Indian Ocean for an extended period of time. The answer was to turn the USS Kiska (AE-35) into a mini multiproduct ship by adding two cargo reefer boxes as deck cargo and outfitting it with a jury-rigged fuel station. The latter
1500-750: The U.S. Navy and allies' ships. Fast Combat Support Ships or T-AOEs provide parts, supplies and fuel at sea. Formerly the Afloat Staging Command Support (PM7) program, it is composed of the Expeditionary Mobile Base ships (replacement for the Afloat Forward Staging Base ), the Amphibious Command Ship Mount Whitney , and the cable layer Zeus . This consists of the class of ships formerly known as
1560-581: The U.S. Navy, being commissioned and receiving the USS-prefix. Comparable organizations 36°56′39″N 76°16′38″W / 36.94417°N 76.27722°W / 36.94417; -76.27722 USNS Hayes (T-AGOR-16) USNS Hayes (T-AGOR-16/T-AG-195) was a Hayes -class oceanographic research ship acquired by the United States Navy in 1971. In 1992 she was reconfigured as an acoustics research ship and assigned to
1620-421: The advent of the all-volunteer navy made it imperative that seagoing personnel be assigned to complex warships of the fleet whenever possible. The study concluded that significant savings could be achieved if civilian mariners could be substituted for uniformed navy sailors in fleet support ships. In 1972 a joint U.S. Navy- Maritime Administration project called "Charger Log" was established to test whether or not
1680-486: The application. The arrays and computer created a fully steerable sensor suit that could isolate noise sources in the submarines and assist in determining the source of excessive noise emitted by the submarine. Submarines to be used for test and development, and to be quietened by engineers using the data from the Hayes, would pass submerged through the three buoy arrays in the deep waters off Andros Island, Bahamas. Hayes
1740-556: The challenge of the Korean War . On 6 July 1950, eleven days after the initial invasion of South Korea by North Korean troops, MSTS deployed the 24th Infantry Division for duty in Japan to Pusan , South Korea. In addition to transporting troops and combat equipment to and from Korea, command ships supplied US bases and Distant Early Warning line construction sites and supported US nation building efforts from Europe and Africa, to
1800-468: The coverage of deep sea cameras significantly. That system was used to photograph portions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during Project FAMOUS . Often more public attention was drawn to the ship's searches for sunken ships than to routine research. Addition of water sampling capability to the search vehicle allowed environmental monitoring as well as location and photography. One example is
1860-459: The deployment of these types in support of any of the surface warfare groups, which were generally composed of destroyers and frigates. The old saying that necessity is the mother of invention proved to be true when Rear Admiral John Johnson devised a practical solution to the shortage of fuel-carrying UNREP ships based on the modification of existing cargo transfer gear on ammunition and stores ships. As commander Task Force 73 (the service force of
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1920-473: The dismantling and recycling of Mizar on 21 July 2005. Military Sea Transportation Service The Military Sealift Command ( MSC ) is an organization that controls the replenishment and military transport ships of the United States Navy . Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all US military services as well as for other government agencies. It first came into existence on 9 July 1949 when
1980-615: The doors were closed. All was enclosed by a housing allowing all weather protection for operators. Mizar went into the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in late 1965 with the installation of the well being a priority. On April 15, 1964 Mizar was reclassified AGOR-11, designed for deep oceanographic search and research, and to be operated by MSTS for NRL. The ship was fitted with a deepsea vehicle (fish), equipped with strobe lights, cameras, sonar, and magnetometer . Her major tasks were to be ocean floor study and service as
2040-495: The formation of the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force. The navy oiler USS Taluga (AO-62) was the first fleet-support ship to be placed under MSC control. Decommissioned on 4 May 1972, she was transferred to the MSC and redesignated T-AO-62. After its transfer, the ship underwent a thorough overhaul that included refurbishment of equipment, gear, and refueling rigs, modification of crew quarters, and
2100-527: The ice pack while Hayes remained in the open sea. The closure of the ice and mechanical problems led to Mizar becoming stuck in the ice pack along with her icebreaker escort USCGC Edisto which also suffered from mechanical problems. Both were freed by USCGC Southwind after some days. One of the NRL developments deployed on Mizar was the Light Behind Camera (LIBEC) that extended
2160-447: The new Service Support program. Military Sealift Command's Prepositioning Program is an element in the US's triad of power projection into the 21st century—sea shield, sea strike and sea basing. As a key element of sea basing, afloat prepositioning provides the military equipment and supplies for a contingency forward deployed in key ocean areas before need. Part the prepositioning strategy
2220-563: The prefix USNS (United States Naval Ship), rather than in commission (with a USS prefix), have hull numbers as an equivalent commissioned ship would have with the prefix T- and are primarily civilian crewed by either civil service mariners or contract crews (see United States Merchant Marine ) as is the case of the special mission ships. Some ships may have Navy or Marine Corps personnel on board to carry out communication and special mission functions, or for force protection. Ships on charter or equivalent, retain commercial colors and bear
2280-690: The program in a Reduced Operational Status (ROS). Formerly Service Support (PM4) it consists of fleet ocean tugs, rescue and salvage ships, submarines tenders, and hospitals ships formerly from the NFAF. Command ships and cable layers were transferred to the N037 program. The mission of the Sealift Program is to provide ocean transportation to the Department of Defense by meeting its sealift requirements in peace, contingency, and war with quality, efficient cost effective assets and centralized management. This
2340-556: The removal of armaments. She entered service with a crew of 105 civilian mariners hired by the government augmented by a sixteen-member naval complement. The shortage of multiproduct replenishment ships in the early 1970s led to the development of an improvised system for dispensing fuel from ammunition and stores ships that allowed them to transfer fuel to smaller combatants. Neither type of ship had cargo fuel, but each could share its own fuel with destroyers and frigates in an emergency. The lack of sufficient numbers of AOEs or AORs precluded
2400-484: The ship and bottom is by acoustic navigation. Towed deep vehicles may be half a mile from the towing ship and respond to the ship's movements as much as half an hour after that movement. A capability developed at the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory was implemented for Mizar . The system, an early implementation of a short baseline acoustic system , is composed of a triangular array of hydrophones on
2460-542: The ship and bottom is then computed. The ship was fitted to perform extensively in ocean science and technology with acoustics an important specialty. Mizar supported scientists from three NRL divisions. The Acoustics Division supported undersea surveillance, fleet sonar systems and studied undersea sound propagation. The Ocean Sciences Division worked in the classical oceanography fields of chemical, physical and biological oceanography and atmospheric studies. Research and development regarding materials and ocean engineering and
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2520-706: The ship back into service in 1992, this time as USNS Hayes (T-AG-195). Hayes was equipped in 1994 with one-of-a-kind sensor arrays , including three acoustic deploy-able buoys from each of which were suspended a custom designed seven hundred channel High Frequency Baffled Cylindrical Array designed and built by the Westinghouse Oceanic Division of Annapolis, MD; and a Low Frequency Array of vertical line arrays designed and constructed by SAIC of McLean, Virginia. Each buoy provided over 1500 acoustic channels of information that required extensive processing by two Cray IV computers also custom designed for
2580-465: The ship's hull, a transponder on the towed vehicle with an acoustic pulse triggered by a signal over the towing cable, and a sea floor transponder triggered by an acoustic signal from the ship. By using travel times of the signals distances can be computed. A response from the vehicle can be computed for relative position with regard to the ship and that from the bottom transponder is used to find its relative position. The towed vehicles relative position to
2640-601: The ship's monitoring of the scuttled, nerve agent laden, LeBaron Russell Briggs five times between 1970 and 1974. The entire hulk could be photographed and water samples taken close to its deck. The Naval Research Laboratory was forced by increasing ship costs to choose between Mizar and the newer Hayes and chose to retain Hayes . In 1975 Mizar came under the technical control of the Naval Electronic Systems Command (NAVELEX) to become part of
2700-702: The ship's searches were under the Ocean Technology Division. As an example of extensive acoustic research with general oceanographic observations included was the ship's work in Operation NORLANT, an acoustic propagation and noise experiment that involved aircraft as well as NRL ships Mizar and Hayes and the Norwegian research vessel Sverdrup in the Greenland , Norwegian and Barents seas. In one instance Mizar penetrated
2760-709: The specialized services this program supports. Special mission ships work for several different US Navy customers, including the Naval Sea Systems Command and the Oceanographer of the Navy. These ships like those of the NFAF are painted haze gray with blue and gold stack bands. After a 2012 reorganization, this program now maintains all of its 24 contract-operated ships involved in missile range instrumentation, ocean surveillance, submarine and special warfare support, oceanographic survey, and navigation test support. Some of its ships were transferred to
2820-419: The standard merchant prefix MV , SS , or GTS , without hull numbers. Eight programs compose Military Sealift Command: Fleet Oiler (PM1), Special Mission (PM2), Strategic Sealift (PM3), Tow, Salvage, Tender, and Hospital Ship (PM4), Sealift (PM5), Combat Logistics Force (PM6), Expeditionary Mobile Base, Amphibious Command Ship, and Cable Layer (PM7) and Expeditionary Fast Transport (PM8). MSC reports to
2880-516: The sunken submarine, before modification for the desired center well, further demonstrated the need for a sheltered work space with heavy lift and towing capability. NRL's previous vessel with a center well , USS Hunting , provided experience and some problems to avoid in the Mizar design. The two major problems with that installation were wave action in the well that damaged the bulkheads until reinforced and air pressure caused by wave action in
2940-650: The transfer of the functions to the Navy. The new Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson , issued a memorandum on 12 July 1949 that detailed service responsibilities and the funding of the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS). MSTS became the single managing agency for the Department of Defense's ocean transportation needs. The command assumed responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all military services as well as for other government agencies. The new command set up subcomponents, for example, Military Sea Transportation Service Pacific (ComMSTSPac). Nine months after its creation, MSTS responded to
3000-404: The use of MSC ships for direct support of the fleet at sea. Heretofore, these civilian-crewed ships had only been used for point to point transport of cargo. To determine the feasibility of this concept, Admiral Zumwalt directed the formation of a special study group to recommend how the navy could better utilize the MSC fleet to save both manpower and money. The high cost of training personnel after
3060-431: The vital equipment, fuel and supplies to initially support military forces in the event of a contingency. The Prepositioning Program consists of 34 at-sea ships plus two aviation support ships kept in reduced operating status. These ships wear civilian livery, and are only designated "USNS" if government-owned; those chartered from civilian owners are either "SS" or "MV". Two Dry Cargo/Ammunition Ships (T-AKE) are included in
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#17327984346353120-454: The war. At the high point of the war, more than 230 government-owned and chartered ships delivered the largest part of the international arsenal that defeated Saddam Hussein in Iraq . MSC was also involved in the 2003 invasion of Iraq , delivering 61,000,000 square feet (5.7 km ) of cargo and 1,100,000,000 US gallons (4,200,000 m ) of fuel by the end of the first year. In August 2017,
3180-410: The well at the main deck level. Three 24 in (61.0 cm) diameter cable sheaves installed in a carriage, within which towed devices would be contained for lowering and raising, and extending below the keel allowed towing of heavy equipment without exposure on open decks. The system had a capacity of 12 tons. Large "breather" ducts from the well relieved air pressure caused by wave action within when
3240-551: The well that forced the deck doors off their tracks. The location of the 34 ft (10.4 m) number two hatch straddling the ship's center section made a center well through even the double bottom feasible. A well 23 ft (7.0 m) long and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide with curved fore and aft ends to reduce wave pounding within was installed. The keel level opening was reduced to one of 21 ft (6.4 m) long and 8 ft (2.4 m) wide. A flush mounted, water tight hydraulic door of two parts, one fore and one aft, closed
3300-434: Was achieved by temporarily rigging a 7-inch fuel hose to the starboard side cargo station—the one closest to the ship's fuel receiving raiser. The highline was used as a span wire, and fuel hose saddles were supported from a wire whip from a nearby hauling winch or a fiber whip from a nearby gypsy. Fuel was pumped from the ship's own fuel bunkers to the receiving ship alongside using the fuel-transfer pump normally carried aboard
3360-571: Was disestablished following restructuring when Military Sealift Command relocated to Naval Station Norfolk from the Washington Navy Yard. Sealift's capabilities are significantly hampered by biofouling . Maintenance is sometimes performed to remove fouling, but sealift maintenance must follow the Uniform National Discharge Standards for the chemicals used in this process. As early as 1847, both
3420-937: Was formed from the following MSC elements: Portions of Sealift Logistics Command Atlantic and the former Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force East; Portions of Sealift Logistics Command Pacific; Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force West (except those positions remaining in SSU San Diego); and The Afloat Personnel Management Center. MSFSC was also responsible for providing support to other MSC assets as directed. MSFSC has ship support units, or SSUs, in Naples, Bahrain, Singapore, Guam , Yokohama and San Diego. The SSUs (except for Guam and Yokohama) are collocated with their respective numbered fleet operational logistics task force commanders and Sealift Logistics Commands, but are not within that chain of command. SSUs provide local TYCOM support to ships in their area of operations and report directly to MSFSC. MSFSC
3480-876: Was formerly called the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force . After a 2012 reorganization, this program now maintains the 32 government-operated fleet underway replenishment ships from the former Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force (NFAF). Fleet replenishment oilers form the Oilers Program N031, while the dry cargo/ammunition ships and fast combat support ships were separated to Explosive Program N036. Military Sealift Command's Special Mission Program controls 24 ships that provide operating platforms and services for unique US Military and federal government missions. Oceanographic and hydrographic surveys, underwater surveillance, missile flight data collection and tracking, acoustic research and submarine support are among
3540-505: Was the most recently built ship of the five ships directly assigned to Project Caesar. Mizar was withdrawn from active service entering the James River National Defense Reserve Fleet on December 17, 1989. The ship was withdrawn October 24, 1991 for stripping before returning December 18 awaiting disposal. Bay Bridge Enterprises, LLC of Chesapeake, Virginia was awarded a $ 243,900 contract for
3600-594: Was the part of the MSC most associated with directly supporting the Navy. In 1972, a study concluded that it would be cheaper for civilians to man USN support vessels such as tankers and stores ships. The CLF is the American equivalent of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary . These MSC ships are painted haze gray and can be easily identified by the blue and gold horizontal bands around the top of their central smokestack. The Combat Logistics Force
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