Gerald Gladstone RCA (7 January 1929 – 7 March 2005) was a Canadian sculptor and painter .
56-653: Universal Man is a sculpture by Gerald Gladstone located outside the Yorkdale Shopping Centre in North York , Toronto , Ontario , Canada, since 1994. The 6.5-metre (21 ft) bronze figure was originally located in a prominent location at the foot of the CN Tower , there located to "emphasize the human aspects of the project". It was commissioned by CN Rail in 1972 at a cost of approximately $ 100,000 (approximately $ 717,000 in 2023 dollars) and
112-660: A few actors and producers, can live by working in the theatre in Canada." Gifted Canadians "must be content with a precarious and unrewarding life in Canada, or go abroad where their talents are in demand. As such, the report recommended that the Government of Canada establish a Canada Council for the Encouragement of the Arts, Letters, Humanities and Social Sciences . Due to "the dangers inherent in any system of subvention by
168-556: A long period of experimentation with figurative work. In 1967, Gladstone received three commissions for Montreal 's Expo 67 . There was an exhibition of his mid- to late-career plastic cube sculptures and his Downtown Nudes Series - a collection of oils on canvas - at the opening exhibition of Toronto's St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts , and in 1973 he produced the Electric Figure Series , another collection of oils on canvas. Among his later-career commissions were
224-442: A variety of jobs ending up with a position in commercial advertising. He set up a sculpture studio and began working on a series of welded pieces influenced by Constructivism . In the 1950s, Gladstone was exhibited by Toronto gallery owner Av Isaacs along with artists such as Michael Snow , Gordon Rayner , Graham Coughtry , and Tony Urquhart . His works can be found in public spaces and prestigious galleries throughout Canada,
280-606: A year. Eligible work includes original writing, translation, illustration, narration and photography contained in library books across a range. The Public Lending Right Commission is a permanent advisory board that works with the Canada Council "to define the program's criteria and promote the program among eligible authors, illustrators, narrators and translators" from a variety of literary and scholarly genres. The Commission consists of writers, translators, librarians, and publishers, as well as non-voting representatives from
336-517: Is completely self-funded, earning its money from renting out works in its collection, and continues to expand its collection by buying works in accord with its annual purchasing budget. The vast majority of its art is rented by the federal government , with less than 10% being rented to the private sector. Works of art are rented out for two-year periods. The rental rate is generally 20% of the piece's market value . Although located in Ottawa , Ontario ,
392-699: Is founded in order to defend the rights of Quebec authors. In 1982, the Applebaum-Hébert Committee recommended that the federal government create a program to pay authors for the use of their books in libraries. Soon after, in March 1986, the Payment for Public Use (PPU) program was established by a Cabinet decision, with an initial budget of $ 3 million allocated to it by the Treasury Board Secretariat . This would make Canada
448-562: Is governed by an 11-member Board. The Board is composed of a Chair, Vice-Chair, and nine other members from across Canada. Along with the Director and CEO, Board members are appointed by the Governor-in-Council for fixed terms. The Board meets at least three times per year and is responsible for the oversight of the Canada Council's policies, programs, budgets, and grant decisions. The Canada Council's Executive Management, on
504-466: Is one of the most distinguished research fellowships in Canada, and was established by the Killam Trusts through Dorothy J. Killam , in memory of her husband, Izaak Walton Killam . The Musical Instrument Bank ( MIB ; French : La Banque d’instruments de musique ) is an initiative of Canada Council wherein preeminent Canadian classical musicians , especially young artists, compete for
560-456: Is to provide some assistance to universities, to the arts, humanities and social sciences as well as to students in those fields without attempting in any way to control their activities or to tamper with their freedom. Governments should, I feel, support the cultural development of the nation but not attempt to control it. The Canada Council for the Arts was thereafter created as an independent, arm's-length body, accountable to Parliament through
616-574: The Algonquin word for 'crossroads'. The Canada Council for the Arts oversees the Art Bank ( French : Banque d’art ), a division of the Canada Council with the mandate to rent works of art to public and private sector offices. The Art Bank's collection—the largest collection of contemporary Canadian art in the world —includes some 18,000 artworks by over 3,000 Canadian artists, including those from Indigenous backgrounds. These works include
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#1732771763393672-651: The Governor General's Literary Awards and the Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts . The Canada Council is called from time to time to appear before parliamentary committees , particularly the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage . Its accounts are audited by the Auditor General of Canada and included in an Annual Report to Parliament. "In 1977,
728-599: The Minister of Canadian Heritage with responsibility for establishing its priorities, policies, and funding programs as well as making grant decisions. In its first year, from an initial endowment of CA$ 50 million, the Council had a budget of $ 1.5 million for the arts , humanities , and social sciences . By 1964, the Council proposed for a substantial increase to the endowment. Instead, the Council's main source of revenue became yearly government appropriations . In 1977,
784-721: The Three Graces , a fountain and bronze sculpture for the Ontario government buildings, Female Landscape , a fountain and bronze sculpture at Montreal 's Place Ville Marie , Optical Galaxy Sculpture , a fountain and sculpture in Belconnen , Australia , and in 1978 a fountain and precast concrete sculpture for the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial in a Civic Center plaza in Compton, California . The sculptures in
840-472: The 13th country in the world to develop a PLR program. The initial name was promptly changed to Public Lending Right and catalogue-based system was adopted. The PLR Commission developed and approved its Constitution and Bylaws in 1988, its second year of operation. In 2008, the Commission would unanimously adopt a growth management strategy, including a new four-tier payment scale for PLR payments, which
896-457: The 6,400 currently being rented to over 200 government and corporate clients. It offers public access to this art through its 3 programs: art rental, loans to museums, and outreach projects. Established in the 1970s and developed by Canada Council Visual Arts Officer Suzanne Rivard-Lemoyne , the Art Bank buys art from notable Canadian artists through a system of peer-review juries. The Bank
952-481: The Act established a council of 21 members who could serve between three and five years, depending on their role in the Council. The Act also granted them the power to co-operate with organizations who had similar aims (such as universities) in funding and facilitating work in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences across Canada, as well as promoting Canadian work in these fields abroad. There were several amendments over
1008-645: The Art Bank services its clients across the country. Its collection has been appraised to be worth over 71 million dollars. In 2002 the Canada Council Art Bank began to purchase Indigenous art to enhance its collection as part of its 45th anniversary. Overseeing UNESCO activities in Canada, the Canada Council operates the Canadian Commission for UNESCO (CCUNESCO), which helps governments, organizations, and individual Canadians share information, along with making recommendations to
1064-449: The Arts is an arms-length organization based in Ottawa , Ontario , that reports to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage . Its endowment income is supplemented by annual appropriations from Parliament, donations, and bequests . Its main duty is allotting grants and prizes to Canadian artists based on the merits of their applications. The Canada Council also funds and administers many of Canada's top arts awards, including
1120-632: The Arts was established and began operations in 1957 as part of a major recommendation of the 1951 report by the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences , commonly known as the Massey Commission. The report described an unpromising cultural landscape in Canada: professional theatre was "moribund;" the musical space was meager; professional artistic ventures were lacking and virtually absent outside of
1176-603: The Canada Council awards a broad range of prizes to over 200 Canadian artists and scholars in recognition of their work. The Canada Council administers various Governor General's Awards , including Medals in Architecture , Literary Awards , Performing Arts Awards , and Awards in Visual and Media Arts . Other awards include the Killam Program of scholarly awards, J.B.C Watkins Awards, the John G. Diefenbaker Award,
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#17327717633931232-551: The Canada Council sets up the Payment for Public Use Committee to discuss the creation of a Public Lending Right (PLR) program. The following year, the federal government created the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council , adopting responsibility for the humanities and social sciences from the Canada Council, which would now only be responsible for the arts. In March 1986, the Payment for Public Use (PPU) program
1288-425: The Canada Council sets up the Payment for Public Use Committee to discuss the creation of a Public Lending Right (PLR) program. The following year, the federal government created the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council , adopting responsibility for the humanities and social sciences from the Canada Council, which would now only be responsible for the arts.” Starting in 1978, there were attempts to rename
1344-460: The Canada Council to purchase additional instruments. The Musical Instrument Bank has supported various notable Canadian classical musicians, including Lara St. John , Alexandre Da Costa , Martin Beaver , Judy Kang , and Denise Djokic . among others. In 2018–19, the Canada Council awarded grants to over 2,800 Canadian artists, almost 450 groups, and over 2,000 arts organizations. Each year
1400-581: The Canada Council, is a Crown corporation established in 1957 as an arts council of the Government of Canada . It is Canada's public arts funder, with a mandate to foster and promote the study and enjoyment of, and the production of works in, the arts. The Council's grants, services, initiatives, prizes and payments contribute to the vibrancy of a creative and diverse arts and literary scene and support its presence across Canada and abroad. The Council's investments contribute to fostering greater engagement in
1456-530: The Canada Council, the Department of Canadian Heritage , Library and Archives Canada , and Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec . Author Mélikah Abdelmoumen is the current Commission Chair, with writer Russell Wangersky as Vice-Chair. The creation of a PLR program was first deliberated in 1977, when the Council sets up the Payment for Public Use Committee to discuss the matter. Also that year, UNEQ (Union des écrivaines et des écrivains québécois)
1512-648: The Canadian counterpart to the Konrad Adenauer Award, which was established by the Government of Germany for Canadian scholars in 1988. The Killam Research Fellowship , granted for two years with a prize of $ 70,000 per year, provides support to scholars by granting them time to pursue research projects of broad significance and widespread interest within the disciplines of the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, health sciences, engineering, or studies linking any of these disciplines. This award
1568-530: The Council 'public service of Canada' from 2002 was updated to 'federal public administration' as of 2005. However, one of the most significant changes concerns Part 4 – Members of the Council. In the major 2002 Amendment other members of the council who were not the Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson would be appointed for a period of three years. In 2006 this was updated and changed to a period of four years and has remained fours years since, up to and including
1624-716: The Council to the Killam-Dunn Council, in recognition of contributions to the Council made by Sir Isaac Walton Killam and Sir James Dunn. The first version of the Canada Council for the Arts Act was titled An Act for the Establishment of a Canada Council for the Encouragement of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences . It was assented to on March 28, 1957, by the 22nd federal parliament under Liberal Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. This version of
1680-647: The Musical Instrument Bank, and the Walter Carsen Prize for Excellence in the Performing Arts, among others. The John G. Diefenbaker Award , with a prize of up to $ 95,000, allows a distinguished German scholar in the humanities to conduct research in Canada and spend brief periods gaining additional experience at American institutions. The Award was created in 1991, in memory of former Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker , as
1736-480: The United States and internationally. He was widely recognized for his contributions to modernist sculpture and abstract painting during the mid-20th century. Gladstone's unique approach was characterized by the use of bronze and steel to create highly abstract and geometric forms. His work often explored themes of time, space, and the dynamics of human perception. He also showed an interest in astrophysics and
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1792-613: The arts among Canadians and international audiences. In addition, the Canada Council administers the Art Bank, which operates art rental programs and an exhibitions and outreach program. The Canada Council Art Bank holds the largest collection of contemporary Canadian art in the world. The Canada Council is also responsible for the secretariat for the Canadian Commission for UNESCO and the Public Lending Right Commission. The Canada Council for
1848-512: The arts and sciences, and cities like Toronto, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Montreal, were vibrant hubs of activity. Their friendship was influential; Fuller's principles of "doing more with less" and "design science revolution" would have resonated with Gladstone. Fuller's futurist thinking and focus on the intersection of art and science resonated with Gladstone's own explorations of astrophysics and universal structures in his work. This connection between Gladstone and Fuller further underscores
1904-543: The central government to the arts and letters and to the culture of the country generally," the Commission—operating in the aftermath of WWII —proposed that the new council be created with a large amount of independence from government. In introducing the Canada Council Act to Parliament, then-Prime Minister Louis St-Laurent said: Our main object in recommending the establishment of the Canada Council
1960-402: The concept of universal structures, which reflects in his artwork. Gladstone and Buckminster Fuller crossed paths in the artistic and academic circles in the mid 1960s and became lifelong friends. Buckminster Fuller (often referred to as “Bucky”, July 12, 1895 - July 1, 1983) was an American architect, systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, and futurist. Fuller, best known for popularizing
2016-438: The current version. Another significant change is the loss of council members. Instead of 21 council members, in the modern Act there is the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson along with 9 other members of the council. That is a reduction of 10 members since the 1977 version of the Act. The Canada Council for the Arts, as a federal Crown corporation , is accountable to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage and
2072-467: The deadline for the Council to submit its financial audits. The Canada Council for the Arts Act was last amended in 2009. This is the current version as of 2022. Between 2002 and 2009 were a number of small revisions to get to the modern Act that we have today. The majority of the changes to the Canada Council for the Arts Act since 2002 involve updates to language due to evolving definitions. For example, in section 12 of Objects, Powers and Duties of
2128-535: The deficit, affected the Canada Council as it did other federal agencies and departments. During the mid-1990s period, the Council was restructured and its staff numbers reduced. Toward the end of the decade, however, came what the then-chairman of the Council, actor Jean-Louis Roux , called "the beginnings of a new period of growth." In October 1997, the Canadian Heritage Minister announced another $ 25 million of funding for 1997–98 and for each of
2184-457: The dirt field where it remained for several years. In 1994, it was restored (with damaged hand repaired) to public view by the government of North York who placed it by the Dufferin entrance to Yorkdale Mall. This was to Gladstone's satisfaction. Since the municipalities that made up Metropolitan Toronto were amalgamated into the current city of Toronto in 1998, ownership of the sculpture
2240-642: The entrance of La Ronde in Montréal Québec Canada are made by Gladstone. Other works include: In 1990, Gladstone set up a studio in Beaverton, Ontario . The Art Gallery of Ontario held a retrospective of his work in 2003. He was made a member of Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Gladstone died on March 7, 2005, in Toronto. Canada Council The Canada Council for the Arts ( French : Conseil des arts du Canada ), commonly called
2296-481: The federal Canadian government on UNESCO programs and budgets. Established by the Canada Council for the Arts in 1957, the Commission is managed by a 17-member executive committee consisting of representatives of government departments, academics, and other experts in education, culture, and world heritage. The Canada Council for the Arts promotes public awareness of the arts through its communications, research and arts promotion activities. In particular, every year,
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2352-439: The following 4 years. An additional $ 10-million increase in the appropriation was announced in the federal budget of February 2000 . In May 2001, further $ 25 million was provided to the Council by the federal government between 2001–02 and 2003–05. In 2006, the Canadian government provided one-time funding of $ 50 million (divided into $ 20 million for 2006–07 and $ 30 million for 2007–08), all of which would go towards grants. In 2007,
2408-438: The geodesic dome, philosophies on design and sustainability greatly influenced 20th-century art, architecture, and science. Gladstone was friends and influenced by their shared interests in design, space, and geometric forms. The relationship between Gerald Gladstone and Buckminster Fuller's shared interests provided a solid foundation for their strong friendship. The mid-1960s were a period of intense creativity and innovation in
2464-507: The government announced an additional $ 30 million to be added permanently to the Council's base budget, bringing the Parliamentary appropriation to around $ 180 million in 2008–09. Âjagemô is a 3,000-square-foot (278.71 m ) display and performance space at the Canada Council offices that features various exhibitions of contemporary Canadian art , including work from the collection of the Canada Council Art Bank. It takes its name from
2520-517: The interconnectedness of the arts and sciences and the important role of interdisciplinary friendships in fostering innovation and creativity. In 1959, Gladstone received his first Canada Council of the Arts grant and relocated to London, England . He studied at the Royal College of Art where he met and befriended the British sculptor Henry Moore . Under Moore's influence, Gladstone began
2576-437: The largest urban areas; and English Canada produced only 14 works of fiction in an entire year. Moreover, the report stated: No novelist, poet, short story writer, historian, biographer, or other writer of non-technical books can make even a modestly comfortable living by selling his work in Canada. No composer of music can live at all on what Canada pays him for his compositions. Apart from radio drama, no playwright, and only
2632-647: The opportunity to become the steward and performer of a classical instrument from the Musical Instrument Bank on a 3-year loan. The MIB was established in 1985 with a $ 100,000 bequest from the Barwick Family along with the fundraising efforts of businessman William Turner and cellist Denis Brott , both of Montréal . Since then, the Bank has received donations and loans of violins , cellos , and bows —created by such luthiers as Stradivari , Gagliano , Guarneri , and Pressenda —as well as generous bequests for
2688-686: The organization receives some 16,000 grant requests, which are reviewed by peer assessment committees. In 2006–07, the Canada Council awarded some 6,000 grants to artists and arts organizations and made payments to more than 15,400 authors through the Public Lending Right Commission. Grants and payments totaled more than $ 152 million. Through its Public Lending Right (PLR) program, the Canada Council financially compensates over 17,000 Canadian authors annually for providing free public access to their books in Canadian public libraries . Authors are compensated through direct payments ranging from CA$ 50 to $ 4,500
2744-507: The other hand—which is led by the Director and CEO—is responsible for establishing and implementing the broad directions and vision developed by the Board, as well as managing the Council itself. The Director is appointed by the Governor in Council as well, and also acts as the chief executive officer (CEO). Chairs of the Canada Council : Executive Management : The Canada Council for
2800-568: The production of works in, the arts”. While the council's powers as a promoting and sponsoring body remained, all references to social sciences and humanities were removed. In 1992, this was reversed, and duties of the Research Council, as well as promotional activities of the Department of External Affairs, were reabsorbed into the Canada Council. This amendment also reduced the number of mandatory Council meetings to two, and shortened
2856-593: The statue was unveiled in 1976. At the time of unveiling, it was the largest statue cast by the Morris Singer foundry. According to Gladstone, the work was inspired by da Vinci 's Vitruvian Man . The giant arms and legs of the figure represent the range of motion possible to a human figure. Until 1987, the statue was the centrepiece of a plaza near the CN Tower that was popular with tourists. This plaza would be replaced with Bobbie Rosenfeld Park . In 1987, it
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#17327717633932912-581: The years, with most being minor alterations to language or the status of Council members for tax purposes. Two major amendments, passed in the 1970s and later the 1990s, were more significant. In 1976–77, an amendment renamed the Act to simply the Canada Council Act. In conjunction with the establishment of the Social Science and Humanities Research Council, the Act narrowed the Council's mandate exclusively to “the study and enjoyment of, and
2968-420: Was established by a Cabinet decision, with an initial budget of $ 3 million allocated to it by the Treasury Board Secretariat . This would make Canada the 13th country in the world to develop a PLR program. The initial name was promptly changed to Public Lending Right, and catalogue-based system was adopted. The mid-1990s "program review" process, which the federal government undertook to curb spending and reduce
3024-525: Was implemented two years later. The Commission first moved in favour of the possibility of ebooks being eligible in the PLR Program in 2011. However, it would not be until 2016, when the Program opened registration to ebooks. Also in 2016, the Program would begin to consider the future eligibility of audiobook materials, and the Canada Council would pledge to increase direct payments to authors through
3080-541: Was moved from its site during the construction of the Rogers Centre (then known as SkyDome), and was not replaced reportedly due to lack of space in the area. This, and the damage inflicted on the statue during moving (right hand broken off), infuriated Gladstone. CN moved the statue to a piece of vacant railway land by the Gardiner Expressway and Spadina Avenue , and placed the statue face down in
3136-418: Was transferred to Oxford Properties , owner of Yorkdale Shopping Centre. Gerald Gladstone Born in 1929 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to Ralph and Dora Gladstone, Gerald was the sixth of nine children. In his youth, Gladstone was as committed to music as he was to painting, teaching himself to play the clarinet and forming a jazz band. He married in his early twenties supporting his young family with
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