122-508: The William Ulmer Brewery is a brewery complex in Bushwick , Brooklyn , New York City . It consists of four buildings—an office, a brew house, an engine–machine house, and a stable–storage house—all constructed between 1872 and 1890 in the German round-arch style. The site is bounded by Belvidere Street to the southeast, Beaver Street to the northeast, and Locust Street to the northwest, with
244-463: A Krügerl (0.5 L [0.11 imp gal; 0.13 US gal]). Canada has traditionally lacked an outdoor eating culture conducive to beer gardens. Cold weather and biting insects are part of the reason. However, with increased urbanization during the 20th century, drinking at outdoor cafes and restaurant patios became more common. Such patios are usually attached to licensed establishments. They became particularly popular with smokers in
366-416: A cobblestone facade, a slate -covered mansard roof , and terracotta ornament. The facade is divided into two bays: the outer bays contain two pairs of arched windows on the first floor and two dormered windows on the second floor. These flank the central bay, which contain a main archway on the first floor; an engraved sign with the letters "OFFICE" above the archway; a second floor with two windows; and
488-567: A glue manufacturing plant, his first factory, in Bushwick. Immigrants from western Europe joined the original Dutch settlers. The Bushwick Chemical Works, at Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street on the English Kills channel, was another early industry among the lime, plaster, and brickworks, coal yards, and other factories that developed along English Kills, which was dredged and made an important commercial waterway. In October 1867,
610-476: A pediment above the second floor. The letter U, representing the Ulmer Brewery, is visible above the two central second-floor windows, as well as on a pair of brackets above the outer first-floor windows. The southwestern elevation has a red-brick facade above a concrete block wall. The northeastern elevation has a first-story opening, four round-arched windows, and a cornice; the northwestern elevation
732-716: A pub . In the countryside they usually provide a surrounding view of the area; in towns and cities a beer garden is an open garden space. Pubs located along canals will usually have a canal-side beer garden. Many pubs compete throughout the year to be named 'Britain's best beer garden' in numerous awards. Some provide open air music, as well as food, beer and other drinks. In the United States, historically, beer gardens offered many pastimes besides just beer drinking. Some spots hosted shooting galleries, bowling alleys, and live classical music. People could come for entertainment and events, even if they did not want to partake in
854-557: A 0.5 on the Furman Center's racial diversity index, making it the city's 35th most diverse neighborhood in 2007. Most residents are Latino American citizens from the island of Puerto Rico and immigrants from the Dominican Republic . Since the turn of the 21st century, the population of native-born Americans has increased, as have other Latino groups, particularly immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador . In 2008
976-467: A Bushwick rezoning plan covering 300 city blocks. The plan would allow for high-density development on Broadway and Myrtle and Wyckoff Avenues. The entirety of Community Board 4 had 112,388 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.4 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 24% are between
1098-643: A beer pavilion in Forest Park, Queens . In 1898, he built an ice-manufacturing plant in the town of Greenport, New York . According to a 1909 magazine article, the Greenport plant was capable of producing 10 short tons (8.9 long tons; 9.1 t) of artificial ice each day throughout the year. When Ulmer retired in 1900, the company was reincorporated with his son-in-law John W. Weber (1858–1933) as its president. Weber, as well as Ulmer's wife Catherine and his other son-in-law John F. Becker, served as directors of
1220-432: A commercial retail hub. Middle-class residents who could afford to leave did so, in some cases abandoning their homes. New immigrants continued to move to the area, many from Hispanic America , but renovation and new construction was outpaced by the demolition of unsafe buildings, forcing overcrowded conditions at first. As buildings came down, the vacant lots made parts of the neighborhood look and feel desolate, resulting in
1342-474: A concert or festival. They may be outdoors and/or indoors, depending on the season and other circumstances. Eligibility for the specific license needed to operate such an event varies by jurisdiction, and is often effectively limited to non-profit organizations. Despite the name, most beer gardens in Canada today serve other alcoholic beverages as well. Beer gardens are very popular at large sporting events such as
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#17327986969481464-532: A courtyard that connected all of these buildings, which had a frame shed and a wash house–racking room measuring one to two stories high; the courthouse was replaced with a parking garage in 1924. The surrounding blocks contain residential rowhouses and apartment buildings, as well as other industrial structures. According to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), the main brew house from 1872 and
1586-476: A deed from the local Lenape people for the Bushwick area, and Peter Stuyvesant chartered the area in 1661, naming it Boswijck , meaning "neighborhood in the woods" in 17th-century Dutch. Its area included the modern-day communities of Bushwick, Williamsburg , and Greenpoint . Bushwick was the last of the original six Dutch towns of Brooklyn to be established within New Netherland . The community
1708-437: A flat roof. A cobblestone driveway runs to the northeast of the stable building, and a roll-down gate conceals the driveway from view of the street. The facade is made of cobblestone. The Locust Street facade has been split vertically into six bays, each with one window; the bays are grouped into pairs. The stable building contains archivolted windows on the third floor; parapets above the first and third floors; pilasters between
1830-531: A furniture designer lived in the office building. On May 11, 2010, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the brewery an official city landmark, making it the first brewery to receive this status. At the time of the landmark decision, the office building was still being used as a home. Travis Stabler of the Rivington Company acquired the three buildings next to Swift's house in 2018 for $ 14 million. Stabler had planned to redesign
1952-492: A garage for the brewery's wagons, which were then replaced with trucks. The structure was a cooperage by 1918, just before the brewery closed. The interior has been modified into residential apartments. Bushwick, Brooklyn Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn . It is bounded by the neighborhood of Ridgewood, Queens , to the northeast; Williamsburg to
2074-612: A generic term for open-air establishments where beer is served. Many countries have such establishments. The characteristics of a traditional beer garden include trees, wooden benches, a gravel bed, and freshly prepared meals. Some modern beer gardens use plastic chairs, fast food, and other variations of the traditional beer garden. The largest traditional beer garden in the world is the Hirschgarten in Munich , which seats 8,000. Australia has many beer gardens, typically as part of
2196-581: A grant program focusing on residential buildings in the initiative's coverage area, which resulted in fines for dozens of landlords with lead paint hazards. The Bushwick Initiative's economic development efforts were also focused on revitalizing the Knickerbocker Avenue commercial district, and adding a thousand rat-resistant public trash cans to reduce litter. In 2019, the New York City Department of City Planning released
2318-465: A greater outflow of residents and a growth of the illegal drug trade due to a lack of job opportunities. Author Jonathan Mahler described the social and economic hardships of Bushwick after the blackout in his book Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx is Burning , explaining that the majority of neighborhood residents were living on less than $ 4,000 a year, and had to rely on some form of public assistance. By
2440-670: A grilled chicken), Hax'n (knuckle of pork), and Steckerlfisch (grilled fish) are often served. Equally important to the beer garden is an atmosphere of Gemütlichkeit , conveying a feeling of warmth, friendliness, and belonging. Reinforced by shared tables, it is often accompanied by music, song, and fellowship among strangers. That is so integral to beer garden culture that the Bayerische Biergartenverordnung (Bavarian Beer Garden Ordinance) of 1999 permits traditional tree shaded venues that allow their patrons to bring their own food to close later and exceed
2562-455: A large increase in Germans settling Bushwick. William Ulmer (1833–1907), an immigrant from the German territory of Württemberg , was one of the early settlers in the Bushwick brewery district. He was the nephew of both John F. Betz and Henry Clausen Sr., who in turn were brewers and apprentices of D.G. Yuengling Sr. In 1871, Ulmer and a Bavarian immigrant named Anton Vigelius founded
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#17327986969482684-466: A pleasant shaded setting emerged. Simple tables and benches were set up among the trees, creating the popular "beer garden" that is known today. Food service followed, aggrieving smaller breweries that found it difficult to compete, and they petitioned Maximilian I to forbid it. As a compromise, beer gardens allowed their patrons to bring their own food, which is still a common practice. Most beer gardens offer clothed tablesets, whose guests must buy food from
2806-576: A pub, or often next to sports fields . In Austria , the beer garden is called Gastgarten (guest garden). They serve food such as ein Paar Würstel (a pair of the German Bratwurst ) or Schweinebraten (German pot-roasted pork). When ordering beer, the choices are usually a Pfiff (0.2 L [0.044 imp gal; 0.053 US gal]), a Seidel (0.3 L [0.066 imp gal; 0.079 US gal]), or
2928-444: A shortage of affordable housing in nearby neighborhoods such as Park Slope and Williamsburg , numerous young professionals and artists have moved into converted warehouse lofts, brownstones, limestone-brick townhouses, and other renovated buildings in Bushwick. A flourishing artist community has existed in Bushwick for decades and has become more visible in the neighborhood. Dozens of art studios and galleries are scattered throughout
3050-614: A smokestack. As at Brooklyn's other breweries, the William Ulmer Brewery's boilers used several tons of coal every day. The two-story office building, completed in 1890, has the address 31 Belvidere Street and is in the middle of the block between Broadway to the south and Beaver Street to the north. The building was designed in the Romanesque Revival style. The original building measures 33 feet (10 m) wide and 45 feet (14 m) deep. It has two annexes:
3172-439: A two-story brick structure measuring 54 by 22 feet (16.5 by 6.7 m) to the rear, and a one-story cement-block structure measuring 22 by 7 feet (6.7 by 2.1 m) at its northwestern corner. These structures occupy a rectangular lot measuring 49 by 102 feet (15 by 31 m) across. The office building was intended as the brewery's "focal point" and, by extension, a representation of Ulmer's company. The office building features
3294-488: A washroom and keg-filling room in the back of the main brewery building. According to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle , the 1885 expansion cost $ 15,000. The Eagle stated in 1886 that the counting-houses at Ulmer Brewery and several others in the area were "not surpassed by anything of the kind on Broadway or Wall Street". Frederick Wunder designed a three-story brick stable and storage house in 1890, which replaced
3416-418: A year at its peak. By the early 20th century, though, other breweries with larger and more complex machinery had been developed. After the enactment of Prohibition , production of alcoholic beverages became illegal, so the brewery closed in 1920. After closure, the brewery's buildings were sold and used for light manufacturing. The stable–storage building was sold in 1921 and was acquired c. 1923 by
3538-631: Is an outdoor area in which beer and food are served, typically at shared tables shaded by trees. Beer gardens originated in Bavaria , of which Munich is the capital city, in the 19th century, and remain common in Southern Germany . They are usually attached to a brewery , beer hall , pub , or restaurant . Facilities of this kind existed for example in Bamberg since 1605 under the German term "Bierkeller" ("Beer cellars"). At that time,
3660-409: Is commonly considered to be either East Williamsburg or part of Bushwick, occasionally with the modifier "Industrial Bushwick". The town of Bushwick—which, along with Brooklyn and Bedford, became incorporated as the city of Brooklyn on January 1, 1854—included present-day Williamsburg and Greenpoint. Prior to the merger, in the early 19th century, residential development in the area had begun when
3782-466: Is located at the western corner of Beaver and Belvidere streets. It was originally 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 stories high and contained a mansard roof . Later expansions brought the building's height to four stories, with a flat roof. The LPC cites the main brewing house as measuring 150 feet (46 m) along its northeastern elevation, on Beaver Street, and 50 feet (15 m) along its southeastern elevation, on Belvidere Street. The original structure comprises
William Ulmer Brewery - Misplaced Pages Continue
3904-610: Is nevertheless considered by some to be part of Bushwick. For its entry on Bushwick–Ridgewood, the American Institute of Architects ' AIA Guide to New York City uses the area bounded by the Cemetery Belt on the south, Bushwick Avenue on the west (save for a short distance between Bushwick Avenue's northern terminus and the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, where Woodpoint Road and Kingsland Avenue are
4026-400: Is not visible from the street but has a similar design. A cobblestone driveway is located northeast of the office building. The driveway separates the office building from the engine–machine building and is protected by a wooden canopy. The driveway is accessed by an elaborate black wrought-iron gate, which likely dates to 1885 and is decorated with floral and geometric motifs. When the brewery
4148-439: The 2010 United States Census . The total population of these districts was 129,239. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick North was 57,138, an increase of 1,045 (1.9%) from the 56,093 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 570.78 acres (230.99 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 100.1 inhabitants per acre (64,100/sq mi; 24,700/km ). The ethnic and racial makeup of
4270-424: The American Institute awarded Bushwick Chemical Works the first premium for commercial acids of the greatest purity and strength. The Bushwick Glass Company, later known as Brookfield Glass Company , established itself in 1869, when a local brewer sold it to James Brookfield. It made a variety of bottles and jars, as well as large numbers of glass electrical insulators for telegraph, telephone and power lines. In
4392-684: The Archdiocese of Bamberg was directly subordinated to Rome and not yet to the Duchy of Bavaria . Hence, the first "Biergarten" in the strict sense of the term and of the decree of 1812 by the Kingdom of Bavaria developed at the beginning of 19th century in Munich . While it is unknown which brewery was first, it was likely one of Munich's big six: Löwenbräu , Hofbräuhaus , Augustinerbräu , Paulaner , Hacker-Pschorr and Spaten . Seasonal limitations on when beer could be brewed were already in
4514-742: The Long Island Rail Road built the Bushwick Branch from its hub in Jamaica via Maspeth to Bushwick Terminal, at the intersection of Montrose and Bushwick avenues, allowing easy movement of passengers, raw materials, and finished goods. Routes also radiated to Flushing, Queens . The first elevated railway ("el") in Brooklyn, known as the Lexington Avenue Elevated , opened in 1885. Its eastern terminus
4636-519: The Memorial Cup in hockey. It is usually illegal to remove alcohol from the area or bring in outside alcohol. The words ‘beer garden’ derive from the German ‘Biergarten’, they are still a very common cultural aspect throughout Germany, where some of the world’s oldest breweries are still active. The majority of towns and even villages have at least one small beer garden. Larger cities will have many throughout its neighbourhoods, including some of
4758-651: The Technical University of Munich , where a brewmaster degree is offered. In 2011, the world record for 'The world's longest beer garden' was set in Berlin by the Berlin Beer Festival, measuring 1,820 m (5,970 ft) long. Beer gardens are popular in Japan. Many are located on the roofs of department stores and hotels. In Britain a beer garden is an open space which is attached to
4880-520: The 1840s and 1850s, a majority of the immigrants were German , which became the dominant population. Bushwick established a considerable brewery industry, including "Brewer's Row"—14 breweries operating in a 14-block area—by 1890. Thus, Bushwick was dubbed the "beer capital of the Northeast". The last Bushwick breweries, the Schaefer's and Rheingold Breweries, closed its doors in 1976. As late as
5002-428: The 1980s, the Knickerbocker Avenue shopping district was nicknamed "The Well" for its seemingly unending supply of drugs. Even through the 1990s, it remained a poor and relatively dangerous area, with 77 murders, 80 rapes, and 2,242 robberies in 1990. Since 2000, the rise of real estate prices in nearby Manhattan has made Bushwick more attractive to younger professionals. In the wake of reduced crime rates citywide and
William Ulmer Brewery - Misplaced Pages Continue
5124-709: The 1980s, there were unsuccessful efforts to revive the Rheingold Brewery. The William Ulmer Brewery at Beaver and Belvidere Streets was given landmark status by the city in 2010, becoming the first brewery with such a status. As late as 1883, Bushwick maintained open farming land east of Flushing Avenue. A synergy developed between the brewers and the farmers during this period, as the dairy farmers collected spent grain and hops for cow feed. The dairy farmers sold milk and other dairy products to consumers in Brooklyn. Both industries supported blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and feed stores along Flushing Avenue. In 1868,
5246-410: The 1980s. By the late 20th century, the neighborhood became predominantly Hispanic as another wave of immigrants arrived. Formerly Brooklyn's 18th Ward, the neighborhood was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history. Bushwick is part of Brooklyn Community District 4 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 11206, 11207, 11221, and 11237. It is patrolled by
5368-537: The 20th century, being used by various manufacturing firms. The Ulmer family continued to own the office building before selling it in 1952. The main brew house received a new sprinkler system, fire escapes, and exit doors in the 1950s. The Twenty Starr Street Corporation bought the office structure in 1962. In 1985, Jay Swift, a stone sculptor and marble worker, purchased the office building and renovated it. Swift recalled that "the first time I rode my bike down that street and saw that building, I almost fell over", but that
5490-776: The 83rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 34th and 37th Districts. Bushwick's borders largely overlap those of Brooklyn Community Board 4 , which is delineated by Flushing Avenue on the north, Broadway on the southwest, the border with Queens to the northeast, and the Cemetery of the Evergreens on the southeast. The industrial area north of Flushing Avenue, east of Bushwick Avenue, and south of Grand Street
5612-592: The American round-arch style, inspired by the German Renaissance Revival style or Rundbogenstil . As with other factory structures built in that era, regularly spaced window openings let in natural light but also allowed an "organization" and "dignity", while decorative brick facades allowed for both a fire-resistant material and a "relatively economical means of relieving plain brickwork". The main brew house, built in 1872 and expanded in 1881,
5734-519: The Artcraft Metal Stamping Company, a lighting company that used the structure as a manufacturing facility until 1940. The main brew house was sold in 1922 and was acquired in 1923 by Marcus Leavitt, who renovated it and replaced the courtyard behind the building with a parking garage. The brew house was then sold in 1924 to another firm, and both the main brew house and the stable–storage building were resold multiple times in
5856-586: The Asian residents were less than 5000. Bushwick and neighboring East New York are the center for the Hispanic community in Brooklyn. In the post-World War II period, Bushwick was still a predominantly Irish and Italian-American community. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to New York for greater opportunities, developing Hispanic enclaves in Brooklyn, East Harlem, the Lower East Side or Loisaida , and
5978-542: The Bavarian brewing regulations by 1539. In 1553, Albert V decreed a period from 29 September, the Feast of St. Michael , to 23 April, the Feast of Saint George , for its production. The cool seasons were chosen to minimize the risk of fire when boiling mashed grain into wort . Numerous conflagrations had occurred, which resulted in the prohibition of brewing during the summer months. In response, large breweries dug cellars in
6100-478: The Beaver Street (northeastern) facade contains a different window configuration, and its second and third floors contain rectangular windows without archivolts. Round-arched window openings are visible on the northwestern elevation, facing Locust Street. There is a parapet atop the facade, as well as stairway bulkheads on both Beaver and Belvidere streets. There was also a three-story ventilation shaft. In
6222-625: The Broadway shopping district was heavily looted and burned. Twenty-seven stores along Broadway were burned, and looters and some residents saw the blackout as an opportunity to get what they otherwise could not afford. Newspapers around the country published UPI and the Associated Press 's photos of Bushwick residents with stolen items and a police officer beating a suspected looter, and Bushwick became known for riots and looting. Fires spread to many residential buildings as well. After
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#17327986969486344-493: The Bronx. Many Puerto Ricans also settled in neighboring Williamsburg , also known as Los Sures , due to the proximity to jobs at the now defunct Domino Sugar Refinery as well as at the Brooklyn Navy Yard ; they expanded into other parts of Brooklyn as many ethnic Irish and some Italians moved to nearby Queens (such as Ridgewood and Middle Village ). Beer garden A beer garden (German: Biergarten )
6466-519: The NRHP on February 20, 2024. The William Ulmer Brewery is on Beaver Street, between Locust and Belvidere streets, in the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. The brewery's constituent structures include the main brew house and its annex; the engine–machine house; the office; and the stable–storage house. All of these buildings are between two and four stories high. There was also
6588-550: The Vigelius & Ulmer Continental Lagerbier Brewery, at the intersection of Belvidere (formerly Ann) and Beaver streets. Two years prior, Vigelius had bought the land from the Debevoises, and just before the brewery was constructed, had sold off his half-stake in the land to Ulmer. Construction was already underway by 1871, when an accident at the site killed one construction worker and injured two more. The first buildings on
6710-514: The William Ulmer Brewery. In 1881, some workers went on strike to protest low wages. Over the years, several improvements were made to the brewery to accommodate additional brewing capacity and to utilize advances in that industry. Ulmer obtained land at Locust and Beaver streets from the family of Elizabeth Debevoise in 1880, and he built the new storage house there soon afterward. In 1885, Theobald Engelhardt designed an expansion, which included an office building; machine and boiler structures; and
6832-400: The address 31 Belvidere Street. The main brew house, the engine–machine house, and the office building were designed by Brooklyn architect Theobald Engelhardt, while the stable–storage house was designed by Frederick Wunder. The Ulmer Brewery was one of over a dozen German-operated breweries that were built in Bushwick during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Following the construction of
6954-498: The ages of 0–17, 35% between 25 and 44, and 20% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 9% respectively. As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $ 50,656. In 2018, an estimated 25% of Bushwick residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in
7076-413: The annex from 1881 were designed by the Brooklyn architect Theobald Engelhardt. The National Park Service (NPS) did not identify an architect for either building. Engelhardt was definitely responsible for the office building, which was completed in 1885. The stable–storage house was designed by Frederick Wunder in 1890. Similar to other German breweries, the Ulmer Brewery buildings were largely designed in
7198-518: The area. Il Circolo di Santa Margherita di Belice , founded in Bushwick, remains the oldest operating Sicilian organization in the United States. These clubs often started as mutual benevolence associations or funeral societies. They transformed along with the needs of their communities from the late 1800s until the 1960s, when many began to fade away. St. Joseph Patron of the Universal Church Roman Catholic Parish
7320-492: The banks of the River Isar to keep their beer cool during storage. "Beer cellars" for consuming beer on premises naturally followed. To further reduce the cellar temperature during the warm seasons, 19th-century brewers layered gravel upon the cellars by the bluffs and planted horse-chestnut trees for their dense spreading canopies and shallow roots, which would not damage the cellars. Soon afterward, serving cool beer in
7442-426: The building, but most of the structure has concrete arch ceilings. The interiors of the cold-storage portion of the building were heavily insulated. When the brewery was in operation, the main brew house and its annex were used for storing, mashing, and boiling malt grains, as well as fermenting and cooling wort . The top stories were used for storage; hoppers from the fourth story deposited malt grain to tubs on
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#17327986969487564-586: The city's Board of Standards and Appeals to allow the office structures to be used as residences. As part of the plan, the basement and first floor of 31 Belvidere Street would remain in commercial use, but the second through fourth floors would become apartments; the board granted the request with minor modifications. In December 2023, the complex was nominated for listing on the New York State Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The buildings were added to
7686-767: The city. Bushwick is the most populous Hispanic-American community in Brooklyn, although Sunset Park also has a large Hispanic population. As in other neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick's Hispanic population is mainly from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It also has a sizable population from South American nations. As nearly 70% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. The neighborhood's major commercial streets are Knickerbocker Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, Wyckoff Avenue, and Broadway . There are two neighborhood tabulation areas that covered Bushwick as of
7808-685: The creation of several farming developments. Originally a 13-acre (53,000 m ) development within Bushwick Shore, Williamsburgh rapidly expanded during the first half of the 19th century and eventually seceded from Bushwick to form its own independent city in 1852. Both Bushwick and Williamsburgh were annexed to the City of Brooklyn in 1854. When Bushwick was founded, it was primarily an area for farming food and tobacco. As Brooklyn and New York City grew, factories that manufactured sugar, oil, and chemicals were built. The inventor Peter Cooper built
7930-505: The drinking. Today, many beer gardens have outdoor games, as well as board games, available to patrons. The Raleigh Beer Garden in Raleigh, North Carolina holds the world record for largest selection of beer at a single location with 378 different beers on tap. American liquor laws condition how beer gardens can operate in each state (legal drinking age is 21). For example, Washington alcohol laws require organizers to apply for and receive
8052-415: The eastern two-thirds closer to the intersection of Beaver and Belvidere streets, with measurements of 100 feet (30 m) on Beaver Street and 60 feet (18 m) on Belvidere Street. The addition at 71–73 Beaver Street, also known as the cold storage house, measures 54 by 60 feet (16 by 18 m), with its shorter dimension on Beaver Street. The brew house contains a facade with brick archivolts above
8174-417: The engine building, has garage spaces on the first floor and open-plan spaces on the second floor. The finishes are similar to those in the main brew house and its annex. When the brewery was in operation, the machine house's second story had an ammonia machine that could quickly turn liquids into gases and vice versa; it was powered by an engine on the first floor. The engine building contained large boilers and
8296-452: The engine–machine building's facade copied that of the main brew house. The northeastern half of the engine–machine building contains extra-high first and second floors, such that the third floor of the building aligns with the fourth floor of the main brew house. This half of the building is composed of four bays, each with one window; the bays are grouped into two pairs, and the first-floor windows have been partially bricked up. Combined with
8418-573: The growing need for labor by factory operators. St. Leonard's parish was the large German Catholic parish in the area, but the Italian community was not welcome there and was thus compelled to open its own parish. St. Leonard's closed in 1973. St. Joseph's is now a large and vibrant Latino parish run by the Scalabrini Order of priests, an Italian missionary order that caters to migrants. The demographic transition of Bushwick after World War II
8540-484: The house. Those who bring their own food must use the bare table sets, unless—which is common—they bring their own cloth(s) also. With the advent of widespread lagering in the later 19th century, beer gardens grew more popular than ever. Maximilian's decree is no longer in force, and many beer gardens forbid victuals not sold through the establishment. Common Bavarian fare such as Radi ( radish ), Brezn ( soft pretzel ), Obatzda (cheese dip), halbes Hendl (half
8662-492: The largest beer gardens in the world. The Hirschgarten restaurant in Munich is noted for its beer garden, which is possibly the largest in the world. It has seating for well over 8,000 people. The restaurant dates back to 1791. Biergartens typically are of a particular local or regional brewery, meaning they serve only the beers of the brewery they are associated with. The world’s oldest brewery, Weihenstephaner (estd. 1041) has it’s beer garden next to its brewing facility and
8784-437: The late 20th and early 21st century as smoking was prohibited in public indoor spaces, however as of 2024 such bans have been expanded in most jurisdictions to cover licensed patios as well. Canadian alcohol laws generally forbid drinking in unlicensed public places, although in recent years such policies have been relaxed in some jurisdictions. In Canada, beer gardens are generally a segregated area attached to an event such as
8906-403: The main brew house are two basement levels with vaulted ceilings and stone walls; these basements measure 20 and 34 feet (6.1 and 10.4 m) deep respectively. The purpose of the basements is not entirely clear, but they were used for either ice storage or beer storage. The annex has a third basement level in between the main brew house's two basement levels but is otherwise similar in design to
9028-440: The main brew house's basement. The interiors of the four above-ground stories, in both the original structure and the annex, contain similar finishes. The above-ground stories are largely arranged in an open plan , interrupted by a single load-bearing wall made of brick. The floors are made of concrete and wood, the columns are made of cast iron and wood, and the walls are made of exposed brick. Tin ceilings are used in parts of
9150-432: The main brew house, it forms an L-shaped structure. The southwestern half is two stories, corresponding with the southwestern section of the main brew house. The first floor contains two garage doors, a metal roll-down gate, and small window openings above the garage doors. The facade has four windows on each floor. Part of the side elevation, facing southwest, can also be seen from the street and contains round-arched windows;
9272-487: The mid-1960s. Within five years, it had become "what often approached a no man's land of abandoned buildings, empty lots, drugs and arson." On the night of July 13, 1977, a major blackout cut power to nearly all of New York City, and arson , looting , and vandalism occurred in low-income neighborhoods across the city. Bushwick suffered some of the most devastating damage and losses. While store owners along Knickerbocker and Graham avenues were able to defend their stores,
9394-476: The natives fled, leaving the area to be divided among the six towns in Kings County. Bushwick had the prime location to absorb its new tract of land in a contiguous fashion. New Bushwick Lane (Evergreen Avenue), a former Native American trail, was a key thoroughfare for accessing this new tract, which was suitable mostly for potato and cabbage agriculture. This area is bounded roughly by Flushing Avenue to
9516-415: The neighborhood as of 2010 was 10.7% (6,098) non-Hispanic white , 9.7% (5,533) non-Hispanic black , 0.1% (82) Native American , 6.0% (3,417) Asian , 0.0% (11) Pacific Islander , 0.7% (380) from other races , and 1.0% (582) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.8% (41,035) of the population. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick South
9638-402: The neighborhood's economic base eroded. Discussions of urban renewal took place in the 1960s, but never materialized, resulting in the demolition of many residential buildings with the intent of replacing these structures with public housing, but nothing new was built in its place as these proposals were scrapped. Another contribution to the change in the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood
9760-468: The neighborhood's median household income was $ 28,802. 32% of the population falls under the poverty line, making Bushwick the 7th-most impoverished neighborhood in New York City. More than 75% of children in the neighborhood are born in poverty. Some 40.3% of students in Bushwick read at grade level in 2007, making it the 49th most literate neighborhood in the city that year. 58.2% of students could work math at grade level in Bushwick, and it ranked as 41st in
9882-497: The neighborhood, closest to Eastern Parkway . By the mid-1950s, migrants began settling into central Bushwick. The availability of block association housing helped many neighborhoods survive the economic and social distress of the 1970s. This change in demographics coincided with changes in the local economy. Rising energy costs, advances in transportation and the change to the use of aluminum cans encouraged beer companies to move out of New York City. As breweries in Bushwick closed,
10004-441: The neighborhood. Several open studios programs are conducted that enable the public to visit artist studios and galleries, and several websites are devoted to promoting neighborhood art and events. Bushwick artists display their works in galleries and private spaces throughout the neighborhood. The borough's first and only trailer park, a 20-person art collective established by founder, Hayden Cummings and ZenoRadio's Baruch Herzfeld,
10126-400: The new district of Williamsburg was laid out in western Bushwick. Williamsburg was incorporated in 1827 and officially severed from Bushwick in 1839. Present-day East Williamsburg , which was not part of the city of Williamsburg, was originally organized primarily as Brooklyn's 18th Ward from the annexation of Bushwick. Now part of Brooklyn Community District 1 , the area of East Williamsburg
10248-469: The newly reincorporated company. The firm was listed as having $ 550,000 in capital stock . Additions continued through the 1900s, including a 236-barrel container for cooking the brew, installed in 1906. The container, designed by Frank Stanley, was so large that part of the floor had to be cut out to accommodate it. When Ulmer died in 1907, the brewery had become one of Brooklyn's largest. The brewery had produced 3,200,000 US gallons (12,000,000 L) of beer
10370-486: The noise limits that are otherwise in force. The term Biergarten is not otherwise restricted, and anyone can call any kind of open-air restaurant by that name, but purists distinguish between a Wirtsgarten , in which only the brewery's food is sold (such as the outdoor tables at the Hofbräuhaus am Platzl ), and a Biergarten , in which patrons may bring their own. The term "beer garden" ( Biergarten ) has become
10492-551: The north and Evergreen Cemetery to the south. In the 1850s, the New Lots of Bushwick area began to develop. References to the town of Bowronville, a new neighborhood contained within the area south of Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street, began to appear in the 1850s. The area known as Bushwick Shore was so called for about 140 years. Bushwick residents called Bushwick Shore "the Strand", another term for "beach". Bushwick Creek, in
10614-455: The north, and Cripplebush, a region of thick, boggy shrubland extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek , in the south and east, cut Bushwick Shore off from the other villages in Bushwick. Farmers and gardeners from the other Bushwick villages sent their goods to Bushwick Shore to be ferried to New York City for sale at a market located at the present-day Grand Street. Bushwick Shore's favorable location close to New York City led to
10736-624: The northwest; East New York and the cemeteries of Highland Park to the southeast; Brownsville to the south; and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the southwest. The town was first founded by the Dutch as Boswijck during the Dutch colonization of the Americas in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the neighborhood became a community of German immigrants and their descendants. The 20th century saw an influx of Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans up to
10858-399: The northwestern portion of the site. It was the last major structure to be developed for the brewery. The stable–storage building measures 89 by 97 feet (27 by 30 m) and is largely rectangular. The building is 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 stories high with a cellar that is located half a story below ground level. Behind the main structure, which has a pitched roof , is a two story rear annex with
10980-417: The original building in 1872, additional structures were completed in 1880, 1885, and 1890. It ceased to be an active brewery in 1920 due to Prohibition in the United States , which outlawed alcoholic beverage production. The Ulmer family continued to own the office building until 1952; the other buildings were sold and used for light manufacturing, and the office building became a private residence. The brewery
11102-518: The population. In the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , they split up the tabulations between west and east Bushwick. West Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents and 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, meanwhile the Black and Asian populations were each under 5000 residents. East Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents, 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents while
11224-536: The presence of the els, another wave of European immigrants settled in the neighborhood. Also, parts of Bushwick became affluent. Brewery owners and doctors commissioned mansions along Bushwick and Irving Avenues at the turn of the 20th century. New York mayor John Francis Hylan kept a townhouse on Bushwick Avenue during this period. Bushwick homes were designed in the Italianate, Neo Greco, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne styles by well-known architects. Bushwick
11346-482: The reason: T. W. Field writes that "a nice functionary of the [Brooklyn] City Hall ... contemptuously thrust them into his waste-paper sacks", while Eugene Armbruster claims that the movable bookcase containing the records "was coveted by some municipal officer, who turned its contents upon the floor". At the turn of the 19th century, Bushwick consisted of four villages: Green Point, Bushwick Shore (later known as Williamsburg), Bushwick Green, and Bushwick Crossroads (at
11468-436: The rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Bushwick, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Bushwick is considered to be gentrifying . Though an ethnic neighborhood, Bushwick's population is, for a New York City neighborhood, relatively heterogeneous, scoring
11590-404: The riots were over and the fires were put out, residents saw unsafe dwellings and empty lots among surviving buildings, leading one author to describe the scene as "some streets that looked like Brooklyn Heights , and others that looked like Dresden in 1945": The business vacancy rate on Broadway reached 43% in the wake of the riots. The 1977 blackout and resulting riots left Bushwick without
11712-461: The second through fourth floors' window openings, as well as archivolts at the bricked-over window openings on the first floor. In the original structure, there are three vertical window bays on each side, which are separated by projecting brick vertical pilasters and contain two archivolted windows on each floor. The first floor contains several doors and a roll-down metal gate on Beaver Street, but features few windows. The northwestern two-thirds of
11834-405: The shaft. The northeastern elevation is visible from behind the main brewery building's annex and is divided into five groups of two bays; part of the northeastern elevation is blocked by the elevator shaft. The other two elevations are partly visible from the street and contain simpler detailing than the main facade and the northeastern elevation. Originally, the stable–storage building was used as
11956-603: The site, the brewery and a nearby residence, are thought to have been completed by either 1871 or 1872. The brewery was fairly successful, and in 1875 the Brooklyn Daily Eagle described the Vigelius & Ulmer brewery as one of the larger breweries in the Williamsburg area, out of 30 or 40 breweries operating in the neighborhood. Vigelius then relinquished his ownership stake in the brewery. Ulmer became its sole proprietor and subsequently reorganized it into
12078-459: The southwest of the brew house, is the engine–machine building, built as a two-and-three-story structure in 1885. It also contained brick archivolts; a projecting pilaster separating the building's two pairs of bays; and a cornice made of brick. The structure measures 90 feet (27 m) wide and 40 feet (12 m) deep. The three-story portion is located just southwest of the main brew house, and their facades are flush with each other. The design of
12200-408: The spot where today's Bushwick Avenue turns southeast at Flushing Avenue ). Bushwick's first major expansion occurred after it annexed the New Lots of Bushwick, a hilly upland originally claimed by Native Americans in the first treaties they signed with European colonists granting the settlers rights to the lowland on the water. After the second war between the natives and the settlers broke out,
12322-487: The structure was also beset with leaks, broken glass, and dilapidated interiors. At the time, the main brew house was used as a storage facility for a nearby lamp company. Swift moved out in the late 1990s, and the office building remained unoccupied for several years, as Swift had declined potential tenants who wanted to make extensive changes to the exterior. The stable–storage building was converted to an apartment building in 2002. By 2008, The New York Times mentioned that
12444-510: The structure, adding a penthouse above one of the buildings. These plans were truncated due to a lack of demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . By 2020, the residence was on sale for $ 4 million. At the time, the structure had been separated into two ownership units, each covering one story. The same year, G4 Capital Partners lent $ 10 million to the Rivington Company for the renovation of the office structures. The Rivington Company then applied to
12566-429: The third floor, where the malt was mixed with water, then crushed, blended, and heated to create wort. The wort was sent down to the second floor, where hops were added and the wort was boiled in large kettles. The hops residue was then removed, and engines on the first floor sent the boiled wort to the top floor of the cold-storage section, where it was to be cooled. After the wort had cooled down and mixed with yeast, it
12688-618: The western boundaries), the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway on the north, and the Brooklyn–Queens border on the east—thus including the industrial area north of Flushing Avenue and east of Bushwick Avenue. The centroid , or geographic center , of New York City is located on Stockholm Street in Bushwick, on the block between Wyckoff and St. Nicholas Avenues. In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured
12810-444: The western corner protrudes outward and likely contained a smokestack. The rear elevation, facing northwest, cannot be seen from the street but has eight window openings per story, four each from the northeastern and southwestern halves of the building. The engine–machine building has an open-plan interior. The northeastern half, formerly the machine house, has double-height first- and second-story spaces. The southwestern half, formerly
12932-402: The windows; and a pediment atop the center bay facing Locust Street. There is also a pediment above the first-story entrance, as well as windows that illuminate the basement. An elevator was constructed by 1932 in a separate shaft, possibly on a preexisting one-story building. The elevator shaft had window openings that are filled in with concrete blocks, and there are corbels and dentils above
13054-662: The wooden stable building already on the site. In 1897, Wunder submitted plans to replace the storage house's wood frame with cast iron columns. By 1896, Ulmer was described as a millionaire, and he lived at a large estate on Bushwick Avenue. With income from the brewery, Ulmer was able to acquire several pieces of real estate, although there is no documentation to support that Ulmer operated any beer gardens to sell his beer. Ulmer operated several facilities including Ulmer Park in Gravesend ; Dexter Park in Woodhaven, Queens ; and
13176-544: Was 72,101, an increase of 7,484 (11.6%) from the 64,617 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 923.64 acres (373.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 78.1 inhabitants per acre (50,000/sq mi; 19,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,819) non-Hispanic white , 28.1% (20,281) black , 0.2% (155) Native American , 2.4% (1,734) Asian , 0.0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (268) from other races , and 1.1% (809) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.3% (42,014) of
13298-473: Was Woodpoint Road, which allowed farmers to bring their goods to the town dock. This original settlement came to be known as Het Dorp by the Dutch, and, later, Bushwick Green by the British. The English would take over the six towns three years later and unite them under Kings County in 1683. Many of Bushwick's Dutch records were lost after its annexation by Brooklyn in 1854. Contemporary reports differ on
13420-576: Was a center of culture, with several Vaudeville-era playhouses, including the Amphion Theatre, the nation's first theatre with electric lighting. The wealth of the neighborhood peaked between World War I and World War II , even when events such as Prohibition and the Great Depression were taking place. After World War I, the German enclave was steadily replaced by a significant proportion of Italian Americans . By 1950, Bushwick
13542-431: Was active, the office structure contained the offices of the brewery's managers, who could access any of the three other buildings via the courtyard. By 2020, the building had been separated into two single-story apartments. one on each floor. The apartments have a combined seven bedrooms and retain some of their interior decorative details. The stable–storage building, completed in 1885, has the address 28 Locust Street, on
13664-549: Was at the edge of Bushwick, at Gates Avenue and Broadway . This line was extended southeastward into East New York shortly thereafter. By the end of 1889, the Broadway Elevated and the Myrtle Avenue Elevated were completed, enabling easier access to Downtown Brooklyn and Manhattan and the rapid residential development of Bushwick from farmland. With the success of the brewing industry and
13786-413: Was discovered under northern Brooklyn during the late 19th century, including under Williamsburg and Bushwick , resulted in the development of breweries , where many German immigrants worked at the time. By the 1870s and 1880s, there were more than 30 breweries in Brooklyn. Some of these were located within a 14-block "brewer's row" within Bushwick that contained at least 11 breweries. This coincided with
13908-567: Was established within a former nut roasting factory for live/work spaces. A Bushwick-centered news site, entitled Bushwick Daily , was founded in 2010 by Katarina Hybenova, and features community issues, events, food, art and culture. Starting in the mid-2000s, the city and state governments began the Bushwick Initiative, a two-year pilot program spearheaded by the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) and various community projects. The group's goal
14030-470: Was named a New York City designated landmark in 2010, becoming the first brewery in the city to receive this status. The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2024. Brewing was a major industry in New York City going back to the 18th century. though early development of breweries in Brooklyn was quite slow, with relatively few commercial brewers. When freshwater
14152-571: Was one of New York City's largest Italian American neighborhoods, although some German Americans remained. The Italian community was composed almost entirely of Sicilians, mostly from the Palermo , Trapani , and Agrigento provinces in Sicily . In particular, the Sicilian townsfolk of Menfi, Santa Margherita di Belice, Trapani, Castelvetrano, and many other paesi had their own clubs ( clubbu ) in
14274-503: Was sent to an even colder room where it would ferment for about ten days, turning into a mixture with about 2% alcohol content . The beer was finally stored in extremely cold vats in the lower stories. To keep the beer cold enough for consumption, the brewery bought natural ice in large quantities. The 1881 annex was built to provide additional cold storage space. After the washroom and keg-filling room were built in 1885, these spaces were used to pour beer into kegs . On Belvidere Street, to
14396-511: Was settled, though unchartered, on February 16, 1660, on a plot of land between the Bushwick and Newtown Creeks by fourteen French and Huguenot settlers, a Dutch translator named Peter Jan De Witt, and one of the original eleven slaves brought to New Netherland , Franciscus the Negro, who had worked his way to freedom. The group centered their settlement on a church located near today's Bushwick and Metropolitan Avenues. The major thoroughfare
14518-414: Was similar to that of many Brooklyn neighborhoods. The U.S. Census records show that the neighborhood's population was almost 90% white in 1960, but dropped to less than 40% white by 1970. During this transition, white-collar workers were being replaced by those migrating from the south. Puerto Ricans , African Americans , among other Caribbean American families, moved into homes in the southeastern edge of
14640-475: Was the John Lindsay administration's policy of raising available rent for welfare recipients. Since these tenants could now bring higher rents than tenants would on the open market, landlords began filling vacant units with such tenants. By the mid-1970s, half of Bushwick's residents were on public assistance. According to The New York Times , Bushwick was "a neatly maintained community of wood houses" by
14762-554: Was the hub of the Sicilian community, and held five feasts during the year, complete with processions of saints or Our Lady of Trapani. St. Joseph opened in 1923 because the Italian community had been rapidly growing in Bushwick since 1900. This Sicilian community first was centered in Our Lady of Pompeii parish on Siegel Street in Williamsburgh. As industry expanded along Flushing Avenue , the Sicilian population expanded with
14884-663: Was to improve quality of life in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park through various programs such as addressing deteriorated housing conditions, increasing economic development opportunities, and reducing drug dealing activities. The group's crime-reduction activities included collaboration with the HPD's Narcotics Control Unit and the New York City Police Department's 83rd Precinct and Narcotics Division to reduce drug-dealing. To reduce lead hazards in buildings, HPD and DOHMH created
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