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44-471: Uruzgan province is located in southern Afghanistan, bordering Zabul and Kandahar to the south, Helmand to the southwest, Daykundi to the north, and Ghazni to the east. Uruzgan covers an area of 12,640 square kilometres (1,264,000 ha). Much of the province is mountainous or semi-mountainous terrain, while the rest of the area is made up of flat land. The Arabs were first to arrive in Uruzgan in

88-791: Is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna , adopting the current name in 2002. The agency's focus is the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs , crime prevention and criminal justice , international terrorism , and political corruption . It

132-530: Is a legally binding instrument that entered into force on 29 September 2003, through which States parties commit to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime. States that ratify the convention has the duty of creation of domestic offences to combat the problem, the adoption of new, sweeping frameworks for mutual legal assistance, extradition, law enforcement cooperation, technical assistance and training. The convention signifies an important stage in dealing with transnational crime by recognizing

176-680: Is a member of the United Nations Development Group . In 2022–23, it had an estimated biannual budget of US$ 822 million. The United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna were merged to form the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. This was renamed United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2002. The United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network (PNI)  [ wikidata ]

220-723: Is a network consisting of UNODC as well as many crime-related institutes and other centres around the world. Its aim is to strengthen international co-operation in the areas of crime prevention and criminal justice. The network facilitates the "exchange of information, research, training and public education". UNODC, which as of 2020 employs around 3400 people worldwide, has its headquarters in Vienna , Austria, with 115 field offices and two liaison offices in Brussels and in New York City . The United Nations Secretary-General appoints

264-469: Is a yearly publication that presents a comprehensive assessment of the international drug problem, with detailed information on the illicit drug situation. It provides estimates and information on trends in the production, trafficking and use of opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. The Report, based on data and estimates collected or prepared by Governments, UNODC and other international institutions, attempts to identify trends in

308-507: Is the inclusion of a specific chapter on asset recovery which aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners including countries from which they had been taken illicitly. UNODC, as the custodian of UNCAC, is also one of the main initiators of the establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA), whose main function is to, among other things, facilitate more effective implementation of

352-569: Is used to provoke young people to consider the implications of using drugs, and particularly injecting drugs. The Blue Heart Campaign seeks to encourage involvement and action to help stop trafficking in persons. The campaign also allows people to show solidarity with the victims of human trafficking by wearing the Blue Heart. The use of the blue UN colour demonstrates the commitment of the United Nations to combat this crime. In 2007,

396-528: The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), as no significant eradication efforts were carried out by the Afghan administration or Dutch forces. Between 15 and 19 June 2007, Dutch, American, Australian and Afghan soldiers defended the town of Chora against an assault by Taliban combatants. Reports in the Dutch, Australian and US press indicated that the battle was one of the largest Taliban offensives of

440-575: The 1980's Soviet war in Afghanistan , Uruzgan witnessed fighting between pro-Soviet forces and the Mujahideen . One of the most prominent local Mujahideen leaders was Jan Mohammad Khan . In late 1994, Uruzgan was captured by the Taliban . They were toppled by US-led forces in late 2001. Hamid Karzai and his followers arrived in Uruzgan between October and November 2001 to take over control of

484-747: The 7th century when they brought Islam to the region followed by the Saffarids who conquered the place in the 9th century. The region was part of ancient Arachosia , and was ruled by the Medes before it fell to the Achaemenids . In 330 BC, Alexander the Great occupied the area but left it to the Seleucids to rule. It was later attained and ruled by the Mauryas under Ashoka . By the 7th century, when

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528-862: The Arabs first arrived, it was under the control of the Zunbils before being conquered in the name of Islam by the Saffarids in the 9th century. It fell to the Ghaznavids followed by the Ghurids before the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. The area was ruled by Arghun Khan of Ilkhanate , later by the Timurids , Mughals and Safavids . In 1709, the Hotak dynasty rose to power in Kandahar and defeated

572-617: The Central Statistics Office Afghanistan, and the Liaison Office study 2009. Zabul Province Zabul ( Pashto / Dari : زابل ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan , located in the south of the country. It has a population of 249,000. Zabul became an independent province from neighbouring Kandahar in 1963. Historically, it was part of the Zabulistan region. Qalat serves as

616-589: The Dutch " inkspot policy ". However, the force's area of responsibility included the entire province. Gizab district, which was then the most dangerous of Uruzgan's district, had no ISAF presence before. In August 2010, the 1,950 Dutch forces withdrew their forces from Uruzgan province, after a political disagreement in the Dutch parliament, leaving the PRT to the US and Australia to continue the mission. Uruzgan's opium poppy crop reached record levels in 2006 and 2007, according to

660-567: The Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition was adopted to prevent and provide a cooperative measure for illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By adopting the protocol, the member states commit to adopt domestic criminal offences for illegal manufacturing, providing governmental licensing ammunition, and keeping track of

704-798: The International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. On 9 December every year, UNODC commemorates the International Anti-Corruption Day. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) started this international campaign to raise awareness about the major challenge that illicit drugs represent to society as a whole, and especially to the young. The goal of the campaign is to mobilize support and to inspire people to act against drug abuse and trafficking. The campaign encourages young people to put their health first and not to take drugs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has teamed up with

748-430: The Office's funding comes from voluntary contributions, mainly from governments. These are the main themes that UNODC deals with: alternative development, anti-corruption , criminal justice , prison reform and crime prevention , drug prevention, treatment and care, HIV and AIDS , human trafficking and migrant smuggling , money laundering , organized crime , piracy , terrorism prevention. The World Drug Report

792-636: The Safavids. Then, he took control of the entire southern Afghanistan while most of the Durrani Pashtuns were settled in the Herat area at the time. In 1747, one of Nader Shah 's commanders, Ahmad Shah Durrani , became leader of the Afghans and the region of Uruzgan was one of the first to become part of his new Durrani Empire , which became what is now the modern state of Afghanistan. During

836-580: The Taliban by ISAF forces in late April 2010 and this was attributed to the uprising of the townspeople who helped the ISAF forces. In February 2010, near Khod, over ten civilians in a three-vehicle convoy were killed by a combined force of a Lockheed AC-130 , Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters and General Atomics MQ-1 Predator drones, who misidentified them as Taliban. The air forces were attempting to protect ground troops fighting several km away. As of May 2014,

880-762: The UNCAC. There are three drug related treaties that guide UNODC's drug related programs. These are: The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol; the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. These three major international drug control treaties are mutually supportive and complementary. An important purpose of

924-540: The US as Task Force Uruzgan . There is also an Australian element under the Dutch command. Because of security concerns and the Taliban insurgency , only one international aid agency ( GIZ ) has a permanent presence in Uruzgan. NATO's ISAF operates a PRT in Tarinkot. The 1,400 Dutch and 1,090 Australian troops in the area secured only the largest population centers in Uruzgan (Deh Rawood, Chora, and Tarinkot towns) under

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968-584: The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to run this campaign as a focus on how corruption hinders efforts to achieve the internationally agreed upon MDGs, undermines democracy and the rule of law, leads to human rights violations, distorts markets, erodes quality of life and allows organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish. Young people aged 15 to 24 account for an estimated 40 per cent of new adult (15+) HIV infections worldwide. In some parts of

1012-766: The United Nations adopted the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). The Convention came into force in December 2005. As of 9 November 2012, 140 countries had signed and 164 countries (States Parties) had ratified the UNCAC. UNODC serves as the Secretariat for the Conference of the States Parties (CoSP) to the UNCAC. UNCAC is a legally binding instrument (perhaps the only anti-corruption legally binding global instrument). A highlight of UNCAC

1056-605: The adoption and implementation of various crime-, drug-, terrorism-, and corruption-related conventions, treaties and protocols, as well as technical/financial assistance to said governments to face their respective situations and challenges in these fields. The office aims long-term to better equip governments to handle drug-, crime -, terrorism -, and corruption -related issues, to maximise knowledge on these issues among governmental institutions and agencies, and also to maximise awareness of said matters in public opinion, globally, nationally and at community level. Approximately 90% of

1100-725: The agency's Executive Director. Yuri Fedotov , the former Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom, held this position from 2010 until 2019, when the United Nations Secretary-General announced that Ms. Ghada Fathi Waly of Egypt would replace him as both executive director of UNODC and Director General of the United Nations Office at Vienna . UNODC incorporates the secretariat of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). UNODC's Terrorism Prevention Branch

1144-581: The ammunition. In its resolution 55/61, the General Assembly recognized that an effective international legal instrument against corruption, independent of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime was desirable. The text of the convention was negotiated during seven sessions held between 21 January 2002 and 1 October 2003. The convention was adopted by the General Assembly on 31 October 2003. In 2003,

1188-462: The area is made up of flat land (28%). The primary ecoregion of the province is the central Afghan mountains xeric woodlands. Common vegetation is listed as dry shrub-land and pistachio . The high mountains of the northern portion of the province are in the Ghor - Hazarajat alpine meadow ecoregion, which is characterized by meadows, willows, and sea buckthorn . In 2006, the province's first airstrip

1232-747: The area. In June 2002, a wedding party in Uruzgan was bombed by the U.S. Air Force , which resulted in the death of 30 civilians. In 2004, the new Daykundi Province was carved out of an area of northern Uruzgan. In August 2006, the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) assumed authority for Uruzgan from the US-led coalition, as the Netherlands took command of the Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) from

1276-493: The capital of the province. The major ethnic group are Pashtuns . Primary occupations within Zabul are agriculture and animal husbandry. Zabul borders Oruzgan in the north, Kandahar in the west and in the south, Ghazni and Paktika in the east. It borders Pakistan in the east. The province covers an area of 17293 km2. Two-fifths of the province is mountainous or semi mountainous terrain (41%) while more than one quarter of

1320-472: The evolution of global illicit drug markets. Through the World Drug Report , UNODC aims to enhance member states' understanding of global illicit drug trends and increase their awareness of the need for the more systematic collection and reporting of data relating to illicit drugs. United Nations Conventions and their related Protocols underpin all the operational work of UNODC. The convention

1364-433: The first two treaties is to codify internationally applicable control measures in order to ensure the availability of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes, and to prevent their diversion into illicit channels. They also include general provisions on trafficking and drug abuse. UNODC launches campaigns to raise awareness of drugs and crime problems. On 26 June every year, UNODC marks

Uruzgan Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

1408-818: The five largest donors to UNODC's budget in descending order were: European Union , Canada , United States , the UN itself, and Finland . According to the Transnational Institute this explains why, until recently, UNODC did not promote harm reduction policies like needle exchange and heroin-assisted treatment . (This despite the actions of United Nations bodies (i.e. WHO and UNAIDS ), who support these policies.) UNODC promotes other methods for drug use prevention, treatment and care that UNODC sees as "based on scientific evidence and on ethical standards". The UNODC has been criticized by human rights organizations such as Amnesty International for not promoting

1452-726: The inclusion of adherence to international human rights standards within its project in Iran , where there are "serious concerns regarding unfair trials and executions of those suspected of drug offences." UNODC has signed a partnership with the controversial Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Center , which was founded by Ali Bin Fetais Al-Marri , the General-Prosecutor of Qatar. Ali Bin Fetais Al-Marri has been accused of ill-gotten gains, corruption and support for Al-Qaeda terrorists by several media. He has also defended

1496-587: The population lived below the national poverty line , one of the highest figures of all of Afghanistan's provinces. Zabul is by many indications one of Afghanistan's most conservative provinces. The province is represented in Afghan domestic cricket by the Zabul Province cricket team. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ; French : Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime )

1540-481: The protocol is to protect the victims of trafficking in persons with full respect. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is concerned with the aggravating problem of organized crime groups for smuggling persons. The protocol aims to combat and prevent transnational smuggling as well as to promote cooperative measures for enhancing protective measures for victims. The Protocol against

1584-515: The province was served by Tarinkot Airport which had regularly scheduled direct passenger service to Kabul . The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 8% in 2005 to 27% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 6% in 2005 to 14% in 2011. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 5% in 2005 to 17% in 2011. The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 1% in 2005 to 49% in 2011. As of 2020,

1628-599: The province. On 4 September 2016, at least 38 people were killed and 28 were injured during the September 2016 Afghanistan road crash . The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 0% in 2005 to 32% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 1% in 2005 to 5% in 2011. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 1% in 2005 to 19% in 2011. The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) fell from 31.3% in 2005 to 5% in 2011. As of 2021,

1672-498: The seriousness of the problem that the crime poses, and gaining understanding from the member states of the importance of a cooperative measure. The convention is complemented by three different protocols: The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children aims to provide a convergence in the states' domestic offences in the investigation and the persecution process. Another objective of

1716-721: The total population of the province is about 391,150, which is mostly a rural tribal society. According to the Naval Postgraduate School , the population is primarily Pashtun , sprinkled throughout around 2,500 remote villages. Major tribal groups include the Tokhi, Hotak, Nasar, Kharoti, Taraki, Ghilji and the Noorzai and Panjpai Durrani . Pashto is the dominant language in the area. The people of Zabul are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim . Primary occupations within Zabul are agriculture and animal husbandry. 60.8% of

1760-458: The total population of the province is about 436,079. The province has an estimated 45,000 households, each with about six members on average. A large portion of Uruzgan's population belongs to ethnic Pashtuns and ethnic Hazaras . There is also a small population of Kochis , whose numbers vary with the seasons. Population figures are from the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development ,

1804-494: The world, and in some marginalized sub-groups, the most frequent modes of HIV transmission for these young people are unsafe injecting drug use and unsafe sexual activities. Because young people are also often more likely to use drugs, The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) targets this population with a campaign to raise awareness about drug use and its connection to the spread of HIV and AIDS. The slogan: "Think Before You Start ... Before You Shoot ... Before You Share"

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1848-487: The year. The fighting resulted in the deaths of a Dutch soldier, 1 Australian soldier, 1 American soldier, 16 Afghan policemen, an unknown number of civilians and a large number of Taliban. In September 2008, Rozi Khan , the leader of Uruzgan's Pashtun Barakzai tribe, and a longtime rival of Popalzai leader Jan Mohammed Khan, was killed in a firefight in Chora District . Gizab District was temporarily cleared of

1892-716: Was headed by International terrorism studies expert Alex P. Schmid from 1999 to 2005. The agency is a member of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group . In 2022–2023 it had an estimated biannual budget of US$ 822 million. UNODC was established to assist the UN in better addressing a coordinated, comprehensive response to the interrelated issues of illicit trafficking in and abuse of drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption. These goals are pursued through three primary functions: research, guidance and support to governments in

1936-542: Was opened near Qalat , to be operated by the Afghan National Army , but also for use by commercial aviation. Twice weekly service was scheduled by PRT Air between Qalat and Kabul . The airstrip is not paved. The ANA Chief in Zabul is Major General Jamaluddin Sayed Zabul Province is bisected by Highway 1 and travelers going between Kandahar and Kabul via road typically pass through

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