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23-749: Voronezh Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of the Tsardom of Russia , the Russian Empire , and the Russian SFSR , which existed from 1708 (as Azov Governorate ) to 1779 and again from 1796 to 1928. Its capital was located in Voronezh since 1725. The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1928, the governorate

46-452: A governor of an oblast or a krai . The Russian Empire had nine governorates in modern-day Ukrainian territories: Chernigov , Kharkov , Kherson , Kiev , Podolia , Poltava , Volhynia , Yekaterinoslav , and Taurida . Additional lands annexed from Poland in 1815 were organized into the Kholm governorate in 1912. After the events of 1917, which led to the declaration of independence of

69-462: Is currently Rostov Oblast , Voronezh Oblast , Lipetsk Oblast , Tambov Oblast , and parts of Kursk Oblast , Belgorod Oblast , Tula Oblast , Oryol Oblast , Ryazan Oblast , Penza Oblast , Saratov Oblast , and the Republic of Mordovia , as well as eastern areas of Ukraine , including parts of Kharkiv , Donetsk Oblast , and Luhansk Oblast . On June 9 [ O.S. May 29], 1719,

92-721: The Grand Duchy of Finland , Congress Poland , Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt , Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district). This subdivision type was created by the edict ( ukase ) of Peter the Great on December 18, 1708 "On the establishment of the gubernias and cities assigned to them", which divided Russia into eight governorates . In 1719, governorates were further subdivided into provinces ( Russian : провинции , romanized :  provintsii ). Later

115-743: The Russian Empire . After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian , Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province . A governorate was headed by a governor ( губернатор , gubernator ), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator , in turn from Greek kyvernítis ( Greek : κυβερνήτης ). Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as

138-800: The Ukrainian People's Republic , these governorates became subdivisions, which also annexed Ukrainian-inhabited parts of Mogilev , Kursk , Voronezh and Minsk governorates in 1918. By the end of the Soviet–Ukrainian War in 1920, the Bolsheviks had made them part of the Ukrainian SSR . Soviet Ukraine was reorganized into 12 governorates, which were reduced to nine in 1922 upon the Soviet Union 's founding, and then replaced with okruhas in 1925. The West Ukrainian People's Republic in former Austro-Hungarian Empire territory

161-710: The Soviet Union into particular territorial units was subject to numerous changes, especially during the 1918–1929 period. Because of the Soviet Union's electrification program under the GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov directed the Regionalisation Commission of Gosplan to divide the Soviet union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts , using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". Eventually, in 1929,

184-499: The following years, the administrative reforms continued, and governorates were gradually abolished in favor of vice-royalties. In 1778, some areas of Voronezh Governorate were transferred to Ryazan and Oryol Viceroyalties, and in 1779 Valuysky Uyezd was transferred to Voronezh Governorate. In 1779, the governorate was abolished, and Tambov and Voronezh Viceroyalty, followed in 1780 by Penza Viceroyalty , were established. In 1796, by Decree of Tsar Pavel I , Voronezh Viceroyalty

207-494: The governorate was divided into provinces: Bakhmut (with the center in Bakhmut ), Shatsk , Tambov , Voronezh , and Yelets . The uyezds were transformed into districts. In 1725, Azov Governorate was renamed into Voronezh Governorate. The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of First Azov Governorate were By that time, the governorate was divided into five provinces, defined as sets of

230-615: The number of governorates was increased to 23 . By the reform of 1775, subdivision into governorates and further into uezds ( Russian : уезды ), was based on population size, and the term guberniya was replaced by the synonym of Russian origin: namestnichestvo ( наместничество ), sometimes translated as "viceroyalty", other times as " vicegerency ". The term guberniya , however, still remained in use. These viceroyalties were governed by namestniki ( наместник ) (literal translation: "deputy") or " governors general " ( генерал-губернатор , general-gubernator ). Correspondingly,

253-441: The provinces were abolished, and the governorate was subdivided into uyezds . At that time, the governorate consisted of Dankovsky , Demshinsky , Insarsky , Kadomsky , Kasimovsky , Kerensky , Korotoyaksky , Kozlovsky , Lebedyansky , Livensky , Narovchatsky , Nizhnelomovsky , Ryazhsky , Shatsky , Tambovsky , Temnikovsky , Userdsky , Usmansky , Verkhnelomovsky , Voronezhsky , Yefremovsky , and Yeletsky Uyezds . In

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276-403: The subdivision was replaced by the notions of oblast, okrug , and raion . Oblast as a unit was used even before the revolution, although unlike governorates it designated remote areas that usually incorporated huge swaths of land. In post-Soviet states such as Russia and Ukraine, the term Guberniya is considered obsolete, yet the word gubernator was reinstated and is used when referring to

299-492: The term governorate general ( генерал-губернаторство , general-gubernatorstvo ) was in use to refer to the actual territory being governed. The office of governor general had more administrative power and was in a higher position than the previous office of governor. Sometimes a governor general ruled several governorates. By the ukase of the Russian Senate of December 31, 1796, the office of governorate general

322-435: The towns. The following towns were a part of Voronezh Governorate, Three towns were subordinate to Lipetsk Iron Works, Belokolodsk , Romanov , and Sokolsk . In 1727, these towns were transferred into Bakhmut Province. During the 18th century, some of these towns were abolished, and a number of others were mentioned as towns in later sources. In 1765, Bakhmut Province was transferred into Novorossiysk Governorate . In 1775,

345-441: Was abolished, and Voronezh Governorate was established. It consisted of nine uyezds, Biryuchensky , Bobrovsky , Korotoyaksky, Nizhnedevitsky , Pavlovsky , Valuysky , Voronezhsky , Zadonsky , and Zemlyansky . In 1802, Bogucharsky , Ostrogozhsky , and Starobelsky Uyezds of Slobodsko-Ukrainian Governorate and Novokhopyorsky Uyezd of Saratov Governorate were transferred to Voronezh Governorate. In 1824, Starobelsky Uyezd

368-410: Was abolished, and its area was included into newly established Central Black Earth Oblast . Azov Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [ O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great 's edict . As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Azov Governorate were defined; instead, the territory

391-448: Was abolished, and its area was included into newly established Central Black Earth Oblast . The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of Voronezh Governorate were Guberniya A governorate ( Russian : губе́рния , romanized :  gubérniya , pre-1918 spelling : губе́рнія , IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of

414-613: Was also applied to subdivisions of the Kingdom of Poland ("Russian Poland") and the Grand Duchy of Finland . After the February Revolution , the Russian Provisional Government renamed governors into governorate commissars . The October Revolution left the subdivision in place, but the governing apparatus was replaced by governorate soviets ( губернский совет ). Actual subdivisions of

437-472: Was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. The governorate bordered Kiev Governorate in the west, Moscow Governorate in the north, and Kazan Governorate in the east. The areas south of the governorate were controlled by the Ottoman Empire , and the southern border was not defined. Formally, Azov was the seat of the governorate, but in practice, the seat of the governor

460-486: Was demoted to the previous level of governorate, and Russia was again divided into governorates, which were subdivided into uezds, further subdivided into volosts ( волость ); nevertheless several governorates general made from several governorates existed until the Russian Revolution of 1917 . The governorate ( Russian : губе́рния , Polish : gubernia , Swedish : län , Finnish : lääni ) system

483-519: Was located in Tambov until 1715 and in Voronezh after 1715. In 1725, the governorate was renamed Voronezh Governorate. At the time of establishment, the following seventy-eight towns were included in Azov Governorate, In 1711, the town of Azov was ceded to Turkey, but the governorate was not renamed. In terms of the modern political division, Azov Governorate comprised the areas of what

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506-658: Was not subdivided into governorates, and would be annexed by the Second Polish Republic from 1920 until the Soviet invasion of 1939 . There is another meaning of the word as it denoted a type of estate in Lithuania of the until 1917. Kasimovsky Uyezd Kasimovsky Uyezd ( Касимовский уезд ) was one of the subdivisions of the Ryazan Governorate of the Russian Empire . It was situated in

529-405: Was returned to Slobodsko-Ukrainian Governorate. In 1923, after a series of reforms, Voronezh Governorate consisted of twelve uyezds: Bobrovsky, Bogucharsky, Kalacheyevsky , Nizhnedevitsky, Novokhopyorsky, Ostrogozhsky, Pavlovsky, Rossoshansky , Usmansky, Valuysky, Voronezhsky, and Zadonsky. In 1924, Zadonsky, Kalacheyevsky, and Pavlovsky Uyezds were abolished. On 14 May 1928 Voronezh Governorate

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