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115-436: In the summer of 2009, Vaughan's city council announced that they wanted public submissions to suggest a new name for Vaughan's new downtown core. At the time, it was known as "Vaughan Corporate Centre", but the name change was suggested so that the name would "better reflect the true vision and future of this key hub". Nearly 1,600 entries were submitted; the subcommittee (chaired by Ward 4 Councillor Sandra Yeung Racco) decided on

230-465: A Twitter account, with Twitter's Canadian operations sponsoring the TConnect Wi-Fi network. Users of the network could sign in to enable an automatic Wi-Fi connection for 30 days. This arrangement was resumed on an optional basis from July 2016 to early December 2016. By August 2017, Wi-Fi was available at all existing stations and would be available in all future stations. On June 17, 2015,

345-768: A "Cleaning Blitz" that would add 30 new temporary cleaners for the latter part of 2010 to address major issues and has other action plans that include more full-time cleaners, and new and more effective ways at addressing station cleanliness. The TTC implemented stricter cleanliness protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic . According to a 1991 CBC report, "aesthetics weren't really a priority" on Toronto's subway system, describing stations as "a series of bathrooms without plumbing". Since that time, Toronto's subway system has had over 40 pieces installed in various subway stations. More art appeared as new stations were built and older ones were renovated. In 2004, USA Today said of

460-558: A "rapid transit subway" operated with subway trains from Eglinton Avenue to the north as far as College Street to the south. The line would continue directly under Yonge and Front Streets to Union Station. Second would be a "surface car subway", diverting streetcar services off Queen Street and Dundas Street. This would run mostly along Queen Street, with each end angling north to reach Dundas Street west of Trinity Park and Gerrard Street at Pape Avenue. The route would run directly under Queen Street from University Avenue to Church Street, with

575-618: A "six-car fixed" articulated configuration with full-open gangways, allowing passengers to walk freely from one end to the other. The TR trains were scheduled for delivery starting between late 2009 and early 2010, but was delayed until late 2010 due to production problems. They entered revenue service on this line on July 21, 2011, replacing the older H5 and the T1 series trains, which had been used on this line. (The T1 series trains, which used to operate on this line from 1995 until 2015, were transferred over to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth where they replaced

690-505: A comparison, the average speed of the heavy-rail Line 2 Bloor–Danforth is 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph). The Eglinton line originated from Transit City , a plan sponsored by then–Toronto mayor David Miller , to expedite transit improvement by building several light rail lines through the lower density parts of the city. Of the light rail lines proposed, only the Eglinton and Finch West lines are under construction as of 2022 . Line 5

805-643: A cost of $ 3.2 billion, with 6.2 kilometres (3.9 mi) in Toronto and 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) in York Region. The TYSSE was the first new section of a subway line to be opened since the opening of Line 4 Sheppard in 2002. In the year after the extension opened, most stations on the extension saw below average ridership compared to the rest of the subway system. The line is mostly underground but has several surface sections between Sheppard West and Eglinton West, and between Bloor–Yonge and Eglinton. Most of

920-624: A robust system of parks, squares and open spaces and a fine grain grid pattern of streets. The Official Plan states as a policy that the City shall encourage and facilitate the establishment of the following in the VMC: In 2017, a website was launched in an effort to raise awareness, provide resources, engage members of the community, and highlight the progress of the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre development. Further details of

1035-565: A second rapid transit line through the Financial District and downtown core. Although a subway line along Queen Street was first proposed in the early 1900s , the Downtown Relief Line was first proposed in the mid-1980s. The Ontario Line project extends further west and north than previous proposals to serve more of the city. The line is scheduled for completion in 2031 at a cost of $ 17 to $ 19 billion. Upon opening,

1150-450: A station. From the subway's inception in 1954 to 1991, the train guard notified patrons that the subway car doors were closing with two short blasts from a whistle . With one-person train operation (OPTO), one person operates the train as well as the doors. The TTC notes that modern technology now allows one person to safely operate the train and close the doors, and that OPTO is in use in many major cities with large subway systems such as

1265-402: A subway along or near Yonge Street , many of which involved running streetcars in a tunnel . Here are some of the proposals. During World War II , workers travelling from their homes in "northern Toronto" (which would now be considered the downtown core) to the industrial areas to the east and west of the downtown area on Yonge seriously strained the existing road and streetcar networks. There

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1380-404: A train has entered a station. On TTC's Line 2, several symbols of different colours are installed on the station wall for the crew to use as a reference in positioning the train in the platform. A red circle, located at the train exit end of the platform, should be directly in front of the train operator's cab window when the train is aligned properly. A green triangle, located at the opposite end of

1495-613: A trial, the Yonge–University line operated as two branches, Eglinton–Keele, and Eglinton–Woodbine. The interline was determined not worthy, and the Yonge–University line was cut back to St. George on September 4, 1966. On June 23, 1969, the University subway service from St. George to Union stations was discontinued entirely after 9:45 p.m. from Mondays to Saturdays and all day on Sundays and holidays. The 5B Avenue Road buses run in place between Eglinton and Front Street whenever

1610-533: Is a terminal station" where applicable. As of 2015 , they also announce, except at terminus stations, which side the train doors will open on at each stop based on the direction of train travel. Switches and power rails are vulnerable to malfunction under extreme winter conditions such as heavy snow or freezing rain. During such events, the TTC runs "storm trains" overnight along subway lines to keep power rails clear of ice. The TTC also has trains to apply an anti-freeze to

1725-470: Is also served by YRT (which includes Viva ) and Brampton Transit 's Züm buses on Highway 7 and Jane Street. Viva Orange and 501 Züm Queen buses travel along the Highway 7 Rapidway , which features a covered Vivastation in its centre for transferring to the subway. Conventional YRT buses, with the exception of Route 77, which provides local service along Highway 7 and uses on-street stops, connect with

1840-415: Is different from the stations built earlier along its western portion of the line. Stations on the 2017 extension from Sheppard West north to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, in keeping with the pattern of the original Spadina line, also feature public art and architecture from notable creators. However, the platform walls have no tiles or other cladding and are simply bare concrete, though structural elements on

1955-474: Is first required to insert and turn a key. This action provides system control to the door control panel. The doors are then opened by pushing buttons. After the doors are opened, the guard is required to stick their head out the cab window to observe passengers boarding and exiting. The train doors remain open for at least 15 seconds. When the guard determines that boarding is complete, the doors are closed. Electronic chimes and flashing lights are turned on, then

2070-424: Is generally four to five lanes wide. From east of Brentcliffe Road to Kennedy station, the line will operate on the surface in a reserved median in the middle of Eglinton Avenue, where the street is at least six lanes wide. Building on the surface instead of tunnelling reduces the cost of construction on the eastern end of the line. The average speed of the line is expected to be 28 kilometres per hour (17 mph); as

2185-458: Is on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. The pattern of using landmarks as station names was exclusively used on the original (southern) section of the University branch, and the West designated street-naming convention is typically used on the former Spadina (northern) section. The two interchange stations on the University branch where it intersects Line 2 Bloor–Danforth are named St. George and Spadina after

2300-746: The London Underground , the Paris Metro , the Chicago "L" and the Montreal Metro . Initially, all the heavy-rail subway lines (1, 2 and 4) used two-person train operation. On October 9, 2016, Line 4 Sheppard was converted to OPTO. On August 1, 2021, the TTC tested OPTO on a portion of Line 1 on Sundays only. Effective November 21, 2021, the TTC introduced OPTO seven days per week on Line 1 between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and St. George stations. Between St. George and Finch stations,

2415-640: The Nordheimer and Cedarvale ravines to the foot of Allen Road at Eglinton Avenue . It reaches the surface and continues northward in the road's median for 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) past Wilson Station, after which it resumes travelling underground and runs northwesterly on an off-street alignment below suburban industrial areas and the York University campus until Steeles Avenue . From there, it turns to parallel Jane Street for roughly 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) until its northwestern terminus in

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2530-601: The Russell Hill accident , on the Yonge–University line south of St. Clair West station . Halfway between St. Clair West and Dupont stations , a southbound Line 1 subway train hit the rear of a stationary train ahead of it. Three people died and 100 other people were injured, some of them seriously. This led to a major reorganization at the TTC, with more focus on maintaining a "state of good repair" (i.e., an increased emphasis on safety and maintenance of existing TTC capital/services) and less on expansion. On July 24, 2023,

2645-484: The Sheppard subway line : "Despite the remarkable engineering feats of this metro, known as Sheppard Subway, [it is] the art covering walls, ceilings, and platforms of all five stations that stands out. Each station is 'a total art experience where artists have created imaginative environments, uniquely expressing themes of community, location, and heritage' through panoramic landscapes and ceramic wall murals." In 2012,

2760-586: The namesake railway station north to Eglinton station . Dignitaries, including the premier and the mayor, rode the first train that morning, going north from the yards at Davisville station , and then from Eglinton station south along the entire line. The line was then opened to the public, and that day at 2:30 pm, the last streetcar made its final trip along the Yonge streetcar line . Trains operated at average speeds of 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph). The plan to operate two-car trains during off-peak hours

2875-480: The "Spadina" section was opened and the line became the "Yonge–University–Spadina Line" (YUS). Although only two stations are on Spadina Road, a larger portion of the line was originally intended to follow the planned Spadina Expressway, which was partially built as Allen Road . The subway also had an additional internal route number: route 602. Unofficially, subway lines were already numbered, but in October 2013,

2990-629: The "Yonge Line", serves Downtown Toronto , Midtown Toronto and York Mills before ending at Finch Avenue, the northern edge of North York Centre . The western portion snakes northwesterly from Union, initially running straight under University Avenue and Queen's Park Crescent to Bloor Street , where it turns westerly to run under Bloor Street for about 700 metres (0.43 mi). Along this stretch, it interchanges with Line 2 at St. George and Spadina stations . At Spadina Avenue, it turns north to run for roughly 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) under Spadina Road before curving northwesterly to continue along

3105-422: The 1990s, train destination signs read "VIA DOWNTOWN" after the terminal station name. As with other TTC subway lines, Line 1 operates most of the day and is generally closed between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. EST on weekdays and Saturdays, and between 2 a.m. to 8 a.m. on Sunday. Trains arrive at stations every 2 to 3 minutes during peak periods and every 4 to 5 minutes during off-peak periods. During

3220-514: The 1990s. The Toronto Rocket trains use the same door chimes and flashing orange lights as the older trains do, and also plays the additional voice announcement, "Please stand clear of the doors". Those chimes have become synonymous with the TTC and Toronto in general to the point that the CBC Radio One local afternoon show, Here and Now , includes them in its theme music . There are several basic procedures that need to be completed once

3335-579: The Bloor–Danforth subway (opened in 1966) at the double-deck St. George station . In 1974, the Yonge Street portion of the line was extended from Eglinton station north to Finch station. The Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George station initially to Wilson station in 1978, and in 1996 to Downsview station, renamed Sheppard West in 2017. Part of the Spadina segment runs in

3450-588: The Cedarvale neighbourhood to the south) when it becomes an interchange station with the opening of Line 5 Eglinton in the fourth quarter of 2024. As a result of the George Floyd protests , Toronto City Council indicated in 2020 that they intended to rename Dundas station because its namesake, Henry Dundas , delayed the British Empire 's abolition of slavery in the 1700s. As of 2024 , however,

3565-524: The City of Vaughan's plans for expansion and development are included as part of the council's secondary plan. VMC is served by both York Region Transit (YRT) and Brampton Transit buses, and the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway. Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station is located at the intersection of Highway 7 and Millway Avenue, just west of Jane Street. It is the northwestern terminus of Line 1 Yonge–University . The area

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3680-487: The Dundas name has yet to be changed. Southbound station platform signage on both branches indicates Union as a terminal station due to it being located at the southernmost point of the line's rough 'U' shape, where it turns northward when travelling along either branch. The train destination signs display the northwestern terminal station as "Vaughan" rather than its full name, Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, for brevity. Until

3795-415: The TTC announced plans to display line numbers publicly to help riders to navigate the system. In March 2014, the line was officially numbered and renamed "Line 1 Yonge–University", with the Spadina part being dropped from the name. Announcements, documentation and rapid transit maps across the system now refer to the line as "Line 1" or "Line 1 Yonge–University". There were several early proposals to build

3910-631: The TTC announced that Wind Mobile (later rebranded Freedom Mobile ) customers would be able to access cellular connectivity at some TTC subway stations. Service was initially between Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations on Line 1, and between Bloor–Yonge and Spadina stations on Line 2. Other carriers declined to use the BAI cellular system because of the price BAI was asking for access. In April 2023, Rogers Communications took over BAI Communications and honoured existing access to Freedom Mobile customers. In August 2023, Rogers implemented 5G wireless service at all

4025-487: The TTC awarded a contract to BAI Communications Canada to design, build and maintain a celular and Wi-Fi system along Toronto subway lines. BAI agreed to pay $ 25   million to the TTC over a 20-year period for the exclusive rights to provide the service. BAI in turn would sell access to the cellular system to other carriers. On December 13, 2013, Wi-Fi Internet access was launched at Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations. The ad-supported service (branded as "TConnect")

4140-546: The TTC continued using two-person train operation until the full conversion of the line to OPTO on November 20, 2022. From its opening in 1985 to its close in 2023, trains on Line 3 Scarborough were operated by one person. According to a 2020 survey conducted by the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113 , two-thirds of Torontonians surveyed opposed the TTC's plan to eliminate the train guard on Line 1, and three-quarters of Torontonians disapproved of

4255-517: The TTC if it did not. This line was never extended, and in July 2023, the line was shut down pending its dismantling due to a derailment that resulted in injuries. It is set to be replaced with an extension of Line 2 to Sheppard Avenue and McCowan Road via Scarborough Town Centre . Opened in 2002, the Sheppard subway runs under Sheppard Avenue from Sheppard–Yonge station to Don Mills station. The line

4370-400: The TTC network. Throughout 2017 and into mid-2018, the remaining subway station entrances that still use legacy turnstiles (which were retrofitted with Presto readers between 2010 and 2015) and the "floor-to-ceiling" revolving turnstiles (found in automatic/secondary entrances, which do not have Presto readers on them) were replaced by the new Presto-equipped "glass-paddle" fare gates. Most of

4485-509: The TTC operated an elevated light metro service: Canada's first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi). The line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line , Canada's first streetcar line. In 1963, the line was extended northwards from Union station under University Avenue to Bloor Street, where it would later connect with

4600-484: The TTC replaced all Line 3 trains with 25 buses. To keep switches in the yards from freezing, crews use switch heaters and manually monitor them to ensure they stay in working order during winter storms. Workcars are run as storm trains within the yards to prevent ice from building up on the power rails. The TTC stores subway trains in tunnels along main lines rather than in exterior yards. The Toronto subway has 70 stations across three lines. Most stations are named for

4715-428: The TTC restarted the practice of using gap trains to relieve crowding at Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations, where respectively 225,000 and 135,000 passengers transfer trains daily. The TTC observed that one empty gap train can clear a crowded platform at Bloor–Yonge. The TTC had previously run gap trains prior to late 2017 but had discontinued the practice because of a "change in operating philosophy". The practice

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4830-643: The TTC was particularly interested in the Chicago series 6000 cars , which used trucks, wheels, motors, and drive control technologies that had been developed and perfected on PCC streetcars . However, the United States was in the midst of the Korean War at the time, which had caused a substantial increase in metal prices, thus making the PCC cars too expensive for the TTC. Instead, in November 1951, an order

4945-399: The TTC's downtown stations and within the tunnels between them. In September 2023, the federal government imposed new licence conditions requiring that cellphone and data services be available on the entire subway network by the end of 2026 and that all carriers, including Telus and Bell , were to have access to it. On October 2, 2023, Bell and Telus offered its cellular customers access to

5060-563: The Toronto Transit Commission to review its practices and put resources into safety. On March 31, 1996, the Spadina segment of the line was extended 2 km (1.2 mi) from Wilson station north to Downsview station (renamed Sheppard West in 2017). At the time, a newly elected provincial Progressive Conservative government cancelled its share of funding that would have extended this route northward to York University and Steeles Avenue . However, this extension

5175-459: The Toronto subway system was built before wheelchair access was a requirement under the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA). However, all subway stations built since 1996 are equipped with elevators, and seventy percent (56 of 75) of Toronto's subway stations are now accessible following upgrade works to add elevators, wide fare gates, and access doors to the station, including the stations on

5290-561: The University subway did not operate, with side-jaunts to St. George station to capture passengers from the Bloor subway. This arrangement remained in place until January 28, 1978, when the Spadina subway opened north to Wilson Station. On March 31, 1973, the line was extended north from Eglinton to York Mills , and on March 29, 1974, to Finch . These two extensions were part of the North Yonge Extension project, bringing

5405-569: The Vaughan Metropolitan Centre one of his key priorities. He formed the VMC Sub Committee and began organizing the key infrastructure. Announcements for the VMC's first residential development in 2011 (Expo City) and office development in 2012 (KPMG Tower), proved that the blueprint had market potential. Development and interest have accelerated ever since. The Line 1 subway extension to VMC officially opened on December 17, 2017. Prior to

5520-512: The Yonge segment of the line is provided by 320 Yonge Blue Night from Queens Quay to Steeles Avenue with headways of 3 to 15 minutes. The University segment does not have an overnight service. Line 1 is operated using only the TTC's Toronto Rocket (TR) subway trains, which are based on Bombardier's Movia family of trains . Unlike other trains in the Toronto subway rolling stock , the TR trains have

5635-598: The arrival of the subway, the 179-hectare (440-acre) area was low density featuring big box stores such as Walmart. Vaughan projects that by 2031, the new downtown will have 25,000 residents and employment for more than 11,000 people. As of 2019, developments in Vaughan Metropolitan Centre include eight residential towers and two office towers built or under construction. Another 13 developments are proposed, submitted and approved. VMC will comprise distinct development precincts including residential neighbourhoods, office districts, employment areas and mixed-use areas, all linked by

5750-403: The automated announcement "please stand clear of the doors" is played over the train's public address system , and finally the doors are closed. The chimes provide a clear notification and warning to passengers that the doors are closing and are played before the automated announcement is played, because such announcements may not be heard when the station is crowded. After the doors are closed,

5865-726: The busiest lines in North America. In 2022, it averaged over 670,000 riders per weekday. The line forms a rough 'U' shape, with two portions running generally north–south that meet at Union in the southern part of the city's downtown, and then gradually spreading farther apart as they proceed northward. From Union station, the eastern portion of the line runs straight under or nearby Yonge Street , sometimes in an uncovered trench, for 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to its northeastern terminus at Finch Avenue , connecting with Line 2 Bloor–Danforth at Bloor–Yonge and Line 4 Sheppard at Sheppard–Yonge . This eastern portion, often just called

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5980-547: The chief engineer, TTC chairman William McBrien and general manager H.C. Patten rejected the design in favour of one that was more similar to the one previously used on TTC vehicles. After five years of construction, Ontario Premier Leslie Frost and Toronto Mayor Allan Lamport officially opened the 7.4-kilometre (4.6 mi) long Yonge subway on March 30, 1954. It was the first subway in Canada. The original Yonge Street subway line went from Union subway station near

6095-690: The closed Line 3 Scarborough. In 2021, the TTC planned to make all of its stations accessible by 2025. By comparison, the Montreal Metro plans for all stations to be accessible by 2038, the Chicago "L" plans for all stations to be accessible in the 2030s, and the New York City Subway plans for 95 percent of stations to be accessible by 2055. All TTC trains offer level boarding for customers with wheelchairs and other accessibility needs, with priority seating and dedicated wheelchair areas onboard each train. The May 2010 TTC cleanliness audit of subway stations found that none of them meets

6210-452: The details of the employment arrangements. A scaled down proposal, about 20 percent smaller, was agreed to in its place. The work along Queen Street was abandoned temporarily, and the original $ 42.3   million ($ 722 million in 2023) was reduced to $ 28.9   million ($ 493 million in 2023) plus $ 3.5   million ($ 59.8 million in 2023) for rolling stock. After a two-year delay due to postwar labour shortages, construction on

6325-434: The doors. This change leaves only the subway drivers at the front to fill the dual role in 2023. OPTO went into effect between St. George and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations in November 2021, and was rolled out on the rest of the line effective November 20, 2022. Gap trains are empty trains stored on pocket tracks and brought into service in a gap between full-route trains to relieve overcrowding. In October 2018,

6440-408: The ends of the line as there were no intermediate crossovers between the two termini. Thus, no short turns on Line 3 were possible. The heavy-rail subway lines use either a one- or two-person crew. With two-person train operation, an on-board train guard at the rear of the train is responsible for opening and closing the subway car doors and making sure no one is trapped in a door as the train leaves

6555-446: The entire length of their line from terminus to terminus. Nearly all stations outside the central business district have terminals for local TTC bus routes and streetcar routes situated within their fare-paid areas. All regular TTC bus and streetcar routes permit free transfers both to and from connecting subway lines. By December 23, 2016, Presto card readers had been installed in at least one priority subway station entrance across

6670-455: The fact that the public was not consulted when train guards were removed from Line 4's daily operations in 2016, citing safety concerns, among other issues, as key reasons motivating their response. In 1991, as a result of lawsuits, electronic chimes, in the form of a descending arpeggiated major triad and a flashing pair of orange lights above the doorway, added for the hearing impaired, were tested and gradually introduced system-wide during

6785-464: The former's art had faded in sunlight and the latter was too costly to operate. Since late 2017, work is underway to restore the art in both stations, with Glencairn's being fully re-installed in 2020, albeit modernized. North York Centre station is an infill station . Its design is different from the other stations in the original North Yonge extension. Sheppard West station , which was opened in 1996 as Downsview station, has art and architecture that

6900-406: The future, thus replacing the proposed Sheppard East LRT. Line 4 Sheppard is also the only subway line in Toronto not to have any open sections. Metrolinx is funding the 19-kilometre (12 mi) Line 5 Eglinton, a light rail line along Eglinton Avenue . From Mount Dennis in the west to Brentcliffe Road (east of Laird Drive), the line will run almost entirely underground where Eglinton Avenue

7015-425: The guard provides a signal to the train operator that the train can proceed. The signal is in the form of a green light that turns on inside the operating cab. When the doors are closed, a light turns on in the operating cab. The guard is instructed to visually observe the platform while the train departs the station. The distance for this visual inspection is typically three car lengths. An orange triangle installed on

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7130-585: The last car of a train on Line 3 Scarborough derailed south of Ellesmere station . There were 45 people on board, with five injuries reported. The TTC closed the line while the cause of the accident, which was not immediately apparent, was investigated. Though the TTC planned to close Line 3 in November 2023, it announced on August 24 that the line would not reopen. The heavy-rail subway lines were built in multiple segments with multiple crossovers . These are typically used for reversals at terminal stations, and allow arriving and departing trains to cross to and from

7245-447: The length of the line. There are also eight storage tracks , which can also be used for reversals. The high number of possible turnbacks gives the TTC more flexibility when planning maintenance or in the event of an emergency service disruption. The original design of the oldest stations in the subway system, which are on the Yonge line (from Union to Eglinton), are mainly utilitarian and characterized by vitreous marble wall tiles and

7360-463: The likelihood of a similar incident occurring. On October 14, 1976, arson caused the destruction of four subway cars and damage to Christie station , resulting in the closure of part of the Bloor–Danforth line for three days, and the bypassing of Christie station for some time afterwards for repairs. On August 11, 1995, the TTC suffered the deadliest subway accident in Canadian history, known as

7475-502: The line 38.8 kilometres (24.1 mi) long, over five times its original length. Opened in 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway runs east–west under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue . It replaced the Bloor streetcar line (which also served Danforth Avenue). Initially, the subway line ran between Keele station and Woodbine station . In 1968, the line was extended west to Islington station and east to Warden station , and in 1980, it

7590-462: The line are fully accessible . All stations on the line will be made accessible by 2025, as per the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act. Because the line opened in sections from 1954, it has a relatively high number of crossovers , which were mostly constructed at terminal stations to turn back trains. There are 17 diamond crossovers located between the service tracks along

7705-411: The line between Bloor–Yonge and Eglinton stations was originally constructed in open cut, with the short section between St. Clair and Summerhill stations having since been covered over. Evidence of this can be seen in the tunnel: there are no columns or walls between tracks, and ballast and drainage ditches are present, something not seen in the rest of the subway system. There are also tree stumps and

7820-487: The median of Allen Road – an expressway formerly known as the Spadina Expressway – and crosses over Highway 401 on overpasses. Six decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals (Finch and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations) and looping on its southern end at Union station . The latest extension from Sheppard West to Vaughan opened on December 17, 2017, making

7935-591: The morning peak period. With three gap trains, it can run up to 28 trains per hour. Toronto subway The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario , Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The subway system is a rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground. As of October 2024, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines (one running mostly underground,

8050-513: The morning peak, from 6:00 am to 9:00 am Monday to Friday, half the trains are turned back at Glencairn station resulting in limited service north of that point. The turnback was moved from St. Clair West station to Glencairn station in 2016, and plans called for it to be moved farther to Pioneer Village station in December 2017 when the Line 1 extension opened. Overnight service on

8165-503: The name of "Vaughan Metropolitan Centre" for the area. The Town of Vaughan officially became a City in 1991. It was made up of a number of historic communities, most with their own historic village or town centre, and so Vaughan committed to building a new business and commercial core at the intersection of Highways 400 and 407. Approved in 1998, Official Plan Amendment 500 called for the Vaughan Corporate Centre, as it

8280-507: The nearby Black Creek Pioneer Village, which has since been renamed the Village at Black Creek ) and "Vaughan Metropolitan Centre" (after Vaughan's new downtown core , based on the precedent set by North York Centre and Scarborough Centre stations). Sheppard West was originally called "Downsview" but was renamed in 2017 to avoid confusion with the adjacent new Downsview Park station, and Eglinton West will be renamed "Cedarvale" (after

8395-570: The nearest major arterial road crossed by the line in question. A few are named for major landmarks, such as shopping centres or transportation hubs, served by the station. The stations along the University Avenue section of Line 1 Yonge–University, in particular, are named entirely for landmarks and public institutions ( Museum , Queen's Park , and Osgoode ) and major churches ( St. Patrick and St. Andrew ). All trains, except for short turns, stop at every station along their route and run

8510-446: The neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario , Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission , has 38 stations and is 38.4 km (23.9 mi) in length, making it the longest line on the subway system. It opened as the " Yonge subway " in 1954 as Canada's first underground passenger rail line and was extended multiple times between 1963 and 2017. As of 2010, Line 1 was the busiest rapid transit line in Canada, and one of

8625-923: The neighbouring city of Vaughan 's planned downtown core, the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre , at the intersection of Jane Street and Highway 7 . This western portion serves the Annex and Forest Hill neighbourhoods in Old Toronto ; Humewood–Cedarvale in the former York ; Yorkdale–Glen Park , Downsview , the York University Heights–Northwood Park areas in the former North York ; and the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre in Vaughan. The line's name has been changed as it has been extended. Following its opening between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue along Yonge Street in 1954, it

8740-450: The new subway did not start until September 8, 1949. A total of 1.3 million cubic metres (1.7 million cubic yards) of material was removed and some 12,700 tonnes (14,000 tons) of reinforcing steel and 1.4   million bags of cement were put into place. A roughed-in station was constructed below Queen station for a proposed Queen line , but that line was never built. Service on the Yonge route would be handled by new rolling stock, and

8855-491: The north campus of Humber Polytechnic (formerly Humber College). The line is forecast to carry about 14.6   million rides a year or 40,000 a day by 2031. Construction on this line began in 2019. It was scheduled for completion in the first half of 2024, with an estimated cost of $ 1.2   billion, though it has since been delayed. Ontario Line is an under-construction 15.6-kilometre (9.7 mi) subway line from Exhibition station to Science Centre station , providing

8970-557: The north terminus of the University line, to Wilson station . From St. George station, the 9.9 km (6.2 mi) segment ran north and northwest to Eglinton Avenue and William R. Allen Road , then north along the median of the Allen Road to Wilson Avenue. This extension had been proposed as part of the Spadina Expressway , but when the expressway portion south of Eglinton Avenue was cancelled after massive protests ,

9085-429: The north–south cross streets of Line 2, which runs below Line 1 between these stations. Due to various factors, some stations along the Spadina portion are named, formerly were named, or are proposed to be renamed using landmark or district names, albeit without subtitles: the stations at Steeles Avenue and Highway 7 (which have no corresponding stations along the Yonge branch) are respectively named "Pioneer Village" (after

9200-406: The older H4 and H6 series trains). From the line's opening in 1954 until 1990, it was operated with G-series cars , and was also served with a mix of M1 and H1/H2/H4 subway cars between 1965 and 1999. Between 2021 and 2022, the TTC transitioned its Line 1 trains to one-person train operation (OPTO), which removes the secondary guard member – stationed at the rear end of the trains – who operated

9315-399: The other running mostly at-grade) and one subway line (running both underground and on elevated guideways). In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2023, the network encompasses 70 stations and 70.1 kilometres (43.6 mi) of route. In 2023,

9430-588: The plan is for the line is take the "Line 3" moniker formerly used by Line 3 Scarborough . On March 27, 1963, there was an electrical short in a subway car's motor. The driver decided to continue operating the train, despite visible smoke in the affected car, until the train reached Union station. This decision resulted in the destruction of six subway cars and extensive damage to the tunnel and signal lines west of Union station. Following this incident, safety procedures involving electrical malfunctions and/or fire in subway trains, were revised to improve safety and reduce

9545-506: The platform wall. The train operator and guard use them to position the train. The current platform markers used for Lines 1, 2, and 4 are as follows: Prior to 2017, when subway guards operated the doors from the fifth car instead of the trailing car in the T1 trains on Line 2, different platform markers were used. The following markers have now fallen into disuse as a result of a March 2017 policy change that required all guards to work from

9660-401: The platform, is provided as a reference to the train guard that shows that the train is correctly aligned. Before opening the train doors, the guard lowers the cab window and points their finger out the window toward the green triangle when the cab is lined up with the triangle. If the train is not lined up properly, the guard is not permitted to open the doors. To operate the doors, the guard

9775-490: The platforms themselves are clad, as is the case with much of the Line 4 Sheppard stations. On the Yonge portion of the line, nearly all stations located at cross streets are named after said streets, while on the University portion, they are either named for local landmarks with the cross street subtitled below (e.g. Osgoode – Queen Street ) or after cross streets but with a "West" suffix for stations at streets that have counterparts along Yonge, though Dundas West station

9890-462: The pocket track between Lawrence West and Glencairn stations or the pocket track between Eglinton West and St. Clair West stations) in the morning peak period plus another during the afternoon peak. Gap trains can also increase the capacity of Line 1, which often runs above its scheduled capacity of 28,000 passengers per hour. To address that demand, the TTC normally runs an average of 25.5 trains per hour through Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations in

10005-419: The power rail once freezing rain starts. These precautions were also used on Line 3 Scarborough, which used two power rails. After reviewing operations during the winter of 2018–2019 , the TTC decided to change its procedures for Line 3. Thus, about two hours before an expected storm, the TTC would decide whether to shut down Line 3 and replace it with bus service. Just before the storm of February 2, 2022 ,

10120-409: The rest off-street. The vote was overwhelmingly in favour, and Toronto City Council approved construction four months later. The plebiscite contained the condition that the federal government would subsidize 20 percent of the project. The federal Minister of Reconstruction, C.D. Howe , promised federal support in an October 3, 1945, letter. However, the funding fell through over a disagreement about

10235-535: The same design scheme—in light green and dark green—until it was renovated. The section of the line between Spadina and Wilson stations (formerly the Spadina segment) opened in 1978 has art and architecture that is unique for each station, such as flower murals in Dupont station or streetcar murals in Eglinton West station . The art originally installed at Glencairn and Yorkdale stations had been removed, as

10350-588: The station at the SmartCentres Place Bus Terminal . The subway station is part of the TTC Toronto fare zone and no extra fare is charged to enter and exit. However, another fare is required when transferring to and from the subway and YRT or Züm buses. Line 1 Yonge%E2%80%93University#Toronto–York Spadina Subway Extension Line 1 Yonge–University is a rapid transit line of the Toronto subway . It serves Toronto and

10465-421: The station wall indicates the location where the guard may stop observing the platform and pull their head back into the cab. This is done to ensure that no passengers are being dragged along by the train. All staffed subway operations must verify that the train is properly berthed before the doors are opened. At each subway platform, a set of three 15-centimetre-wide (6 in) platform markers are affixed onto

10580-573: The station's farside platform. They are also used for short turning trains at some through stations in order to accommodate emergency and planned service suspensions. Planned service suspensions generally occur on weekends for planned maintenance activities that are impractical to perform overnight. There is only one regular short turn service that occurs during the morning rush hour on Line 1 Yonge–University when some northbound trains short turn at Glencairn station . On Line 3 Scarborough , light metro trains were not able to switch direction except at

10695-800: The stubs of lamp posts in the tunnel. There are also clues outdoors: seemingly unnecessary railings along the sides of a nearby street, which was once a bridge over the tracks, and empty lots following the trains' right-of-way marked with signs warning heavy vehicles and equipment to keep off because they might fall through to the columnless tunnel below. Most of the tunnel was constructed by a cut-and-cover method, but some sections were bored, as noted below. All stations, whether by transfer or fare-paid terminal, connect to surface TTC bus and/or streetcar routes. Other surface and train connections are noted below. Since 1996, TTC stations have been built or modified with elevators, ramps and other features to make them accessible to all. As of January 2022 , 30 stations on

10810-412: The subway to North York. Stations were also planned for Glencairn (between Eglinton and Lawrence, though another Glencairn station would be built later on the Spadina section), Glen Echo (between Lawrence and York Mills) and Empress (between Sheppard and Finch, later opened as North York Centre station ). On January 27, 1978, the Spadina segment of the line was opened, going from St. George station,

10925-556: The subway was still built following the route through Cedarvale Ravine . Hence, it was called the Spadina line, though it follows Spadina Road for less than 2 km (1.2 mi). On June 18, 1987, North York Centre station was added between Sheppard and Finch stations as an infill station. On August 11, 1995, at 6:02 pm, the Russell Hill subway accident occurred as a southbound subway train heading toward Dupont station crashed under Russell Hill Drive, killing three passengers and sending 30 to hospital. This accident prompted

11040-406: The subway's 5G system. By November 2023, wireless service had been expanded to all TTC stations and to the tunnels between Sheppard West and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations, but only for Rogers and Freedom customers. Bell and Telus customers continued to have wireless service at a limited number of stations. In December 2023, Telus and Bell reached a deal with Rogers to provide their customers

11155-629: The system had a ridership of 302,527,000, or about 1,035,300 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024, making it the second-busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership, behind the Montreal Metro . There are 60 stations under construction as part of three new lines, two light rail lines and one subway line, and two extensions to existing lines. There are three operating rapid transit lines in Toronto: As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction, two light rail lines and one subway line. Until July 2023,

11270-466: The trailing car on Line 2: During rush hour, up to 65 trains are on Line 1 simultaneously, 45 trains on Line 2, and 4 trains on Line 4. During non-rush hour periods, there are 30–46 trains on Line 1 at any one time. On weekdays and Saturdays, subway service runs from approximately 6:00   am to 1:30   am; Sunday service begins at 8:00   am. Start times on holidays may vary. On January 8, 1995, train operators began to announce each stop over

11385-519: The train departs a station (e.g. "The next station is: Dufferin, Dufferin station ") and when it arrives at the following station (e.g. "Arriving at: Dufferin, Dufferin station"). In addition, the TTC's Toronto Rocket subway trains provide visible and audible automatic stop announcements. Unlike the other trains, the Toronto Rocket trains also announce connections to other TTC subway lines, such as "Change for Line 2", and terminus stations, "This

11500-411: The train's speaker system as a result of pressure from advocacy groups for the visually impaired, but announcements were sporadic until the TTC began to enforce the policy circa 2005. Later, automated announcements were implemented under further pressure from the advocacy groups. All Toronto subway trains use an automated system to announce each station, which is played twice over the speaker system: when

11615-439: The transit agency's highest standard for cleanliness and general state of repair. Only 21 stations scored in the 70- to 80-percent range in the TTC's cleanliness scale, a range described as "Ordinary Tidiness", while 45 fell in the 60- to 70-percent range achieving what the commission describes as "Casual Inattentiveness". The May audit was the third in a series of comprehensive assessments that began in 2009. The commission announced

11730-638: The use of the Toronto Subway typeface for station names. Eglinton Station is the only station to retain this wall treatment, though Queen Station retains a narrow band of original blue Vitrolite tiles near the ceiling at platform level. The design of the stations on the University line was mainly utilitarian and this style (sometimes referred to as "bathroom modern") was later used for Line 2 Bloor–Danforth as well. Queen's Park and St. Patrick stations have circular and semi-circular cross-sections because they are constructed in bored tunnels. Museum station

11845-532: Was abandoned in favour of four-car trains, and six-car trains were standard during most periods, with some eight-car trains used during peak periods. On February 28, 1963, an extension was added to curve north from Union Station, below University Avenue and Queen's Park to near Bloor Street , where it turned west to terminate at St. George and Bloor Street . On February 26, 1966, the Bloor–Danforth line opened, from Keele to Woodbine . For six months, as

11960-428: Was called "the subway" (Yonge subway is its retronym ). In 1963, it was extended along University Avenue to St. George station and renamed the "Yonge–University Line". Briefly in 1966, the Yonge–University subway ran in two branches: one west along Bloor to Keele station (Yonge–University–Bloor), the other east along Bloor and Danforth to Woodbine station (Yonge–University–Danforth) via Bay Lower station. In 1978,

12075-431: Was concern that the expected post-war boom in car ownership would choke the city with traffic. The scheme was first proposed by Toronto Transportation Commission in 1942 to relieve congestion, which was delaying their bus and tram services. The TTC formed a Rapid Transit Department and studied various solutions between 1942 and 1945. A plan was put to the voters on January 1, 1946. The plan had two parts. First, it featured

12190-497: Was expected to be completed in 2024. Line 6 Finch West , also known as the "Finch West LRT", is an under-construction line being built by Mosaic Transit Group along Finch Avenue . It is to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission and was also part of the Transit City proposal announced on March 16, 2007. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi), 18-stop line is to extend from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to

12305-596: Was further extended west to Kipling station and east to Kennedy station. Opened in 1985, Line 3 (originally the Scarborough RT) was a light metro line running from Kennedy station to McCowan station. The TTC started to construct the line to use Canadian Light Rail Vehicles . However, the TTC was forced to convert to the Intermediate Capacity Transit System technology because the provincial government threatened to cut funding to

12420-528: Was intended to be extended to Scarborough Centre station , but because of the low ridership and the cost of tunnelling, there was a plan to extend rapid transit eastwards from Don Mills station via a surface light rail line, the Sheppard East LRT . However, in April 2019, Premier Doug Ford announced that the provincial government would extend Line 4 Sheppard to McCowan Road at some unspecified time in

12535-582: Was later constructed and opened on December 17, 2017. As of November 17, 2016, with the Presto fare gates installed at Eglinton station, all of the stations along this line are Presto-enabled. On December 17, 2017, the western portion of the line was extended 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) north to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station in York Region , via York University . The Toronto–York Spadina subway extension (TYSSE) project built six new stations at

12650-552: Was placed with the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company in England for 104 cars for $ 7,800,000 ($ 88.8 million in 2023) including spare parts. The Toronto Subway typeface and TTC logo were also designed during this period. The logo used during the subway's development was designed by mid-century architect John C. Parkin and chief architect Arthur Keith. Against the wishes of Walter Paterson,

12765-487: Was provided by BAI Canada. The TTC and BAI Canada planned to offer TConnect at all underground stations. Commuters had to view a video advertisement to gain access to the Internet. It was expected that all of the 70 subway stations would have service by 2017, as well as the six stations along the Line 1 extension to Vaughan. From early December 2015 to late January 2016, users of TConnect were required to authenticate using

12880-473: Was reinstated in response to a potentially dangerous overcrowding incident that occurred at Bloor–Yonge in January 2018. In October 2018, the TTC used three gap trains, which sat on pocket tracks near Davisville , Eglinton and York Mills stations and moved into southbound service when station over-crowding was detected. For November 2018, the TTC planned to run a fourth gap train (which would sit on either

12995-411: Was renovated in the late 2000s to have columns that resemble artifacts found in the nearby Royal Ontario Museum . Lawrence , Sheppard–Yonge (formerly Sheppard), and Finch stations are similar to each other in design, but have different colour schemes: Lawrence is red and cream, Sheppard is yellow and dark blue, and Finch is light grey, medium grey, and dark grey. York Mills station formerly followed

13110-470: Was then branded, to become a focal point for business activity and major commercial development. The plan truly found its legs in 2006 when the province announced that the Spadina subway line would be extended to Vaughan, and it designated the area around it as an Urban Growth Centre. More designations and plans followed, defining the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and preparing it for development. In 2010, when Maurizio Bevilacqua became Mayor of Vaughan, he made

13225-403: Was under construction when a change in provincial government threatened to terminate the project, but Mel Lastman , the last mayor of the former City of North York (today part of Toronto), used his influence to save the project. Despite the construction of many high-rise residential buildings along the line since its opening, ridership remains low resulting in a subsidy of $ 10 per ride. The line

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