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65-610: Valencian can refer to: Something related to the Valencian Community ( a.k.a. Valencian Country) in Spain Something related to the city of Valencia Something related to the province of Valencia in Spain Something related to the old Kingdom of Valencia The Valencian language , commonly regarded as a variety of the Catalan language Valencians ,

130-670: A nationality of Spain, and in accordance to the second article of the Spanish Constitution which grants autonomy to the " nationalities and regions " that compose the Spanish nation, Valencia was granted self-government and constituted itself as an autonomous community in 1982, with the promulgation of its first Statute of Autonomy , the basic organic law, later approved by the General Courts of Spain. All autonomous communities were organized politically within

195-522: A parliamentary system ; that is, the executive branch of government. The "President" is dependent on the direct support of the legislative power , whose members elect him by majority . A new Statute of Autonomy was promulgated in 2006. The government of Valencia is represented by the Generalitat Valenciana (statutorily referred to simply as La Generalitat ) constituted by three institutions: The Generalitat can also be integrated by

260-613: A component of the Crown of Aragon , under the purview of the Furs of Valencia . Valencia experienced its Golden Age in the 15th century, as it became the Crown's economic capital. Local institutions and laws continued during the dynastic union of the early modern Spanish Monarchy , but were suspended in 1707 as a result of the Spanish War of Succession . Valencian nationalism emerged towards

325-810: A definite end with the Expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609 by the Hispanic Monarchy, which represented the loss of up to one third of the population of the Kingdom of Valencia and took the main agricultural labor force away. In 1707, in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession , and by means of the Nova Planta decrees, king Philip V of Spain abolished the Kingdom of Valencia, and

390-406: A mint in later Roman times. The Romans built a great circus in the lower part of the city and a theatre seating 8,000 spectators. Texts found indicate that the city had an amphitheatre and had about 50,000 inhabitants. This prosperity lasted for most of the empire, and is attested by inscriptions and ruins (notably a theatre , demolished by Napoleon's marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet , who also destroyed

455-663: A number of names have been used for the region. After the Christian conquest, it became the Kingdom of Valencia . In the last decades, Valencian Community has become the preferred name to avoid any controversy . "Valencian Community" is the standard translation of the official name in Valencian recognized by the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 ( Comunitat Valenciana ). This is the name most used in public administration, tourism,

520-763: A part of the Subbaetic Range . The most emblematic mountain of the Valencian Community is the Penyagolosa , in the Alcalatén area. It is widely thought to be the highest peak with 1,813 m, but actually the highest peak is the Calderón (1,839 m) located in the Rincón de Ademuz , a Valencian exclave between Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha . The most emblematic mountain in the southern part of

585-431: A precise study of demographic states and processes. Valencian population traditionally concentrated in localities with fertile cultivation and growing lowlands by the most important rivers ( Júcar or Xúquer , Turia or Túria , Segura , and Vinalopó ), also in harbour cities important to the agricultural trade. In actuality, population is particularly dense along the coast as well as in central and southern regions of

650-458: A very considerable population increase, even greater during the summer season, mainly due to the seasonal migrations of the tourism industry workforce. The main metropolitan areas of the Valencian Community according to their population are three, plus a fourth one shared with the Region of Murcia . The most populous one is the metropolitan area of Valencia , which is located in the central area of

715-526: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Valencian Community According to Valencia's Statute of Autonomy , the Valencian people are a "historical nationality" . Their origins date back to the 1238 Aragonese conquest of the Taifa of Valencia . The newly-founded Kingdom of Valencia enjoyed its own legal entity and administrative institutions as

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780-480: Is intended to be the modern conception of self-government of the Valencian Community from the first autonomist movements during Second Spanish Republic , but also joining it to the traditional conception of Valencian identity, as being the successor to the historical Kingdom of Valencia. In fact, after a bipartisan reform of the Valencian Statute of Autonomy in 2006, it records the foral civil law , using

845-414: Is made up of the municipalities of Castellón de la Plana , Almassora , Villarreal , Benicàssim , Borriol and Burriana or Borriana, and has 309,420 inhabitants (INE 2008) and an area of 340 km²; Castellón de la Plana is the main centre and most populous municipality of this metropolitan area. The Murcia - Orihuela metropolitan area includes the urban area of Orihuela in the Valencian Community, plus

910-475: Is managed through occasional nocturnal restrictions during summer and exploitation of aquifers. Valencia's water needs result in harsh contention with neighbouring autonomous communities such as Castilla–La Mancha and Catalonia. Agriculture—more specifically, citrus cultivation for the export market—was responsible for Valencia's first economic boom in the late 19th century, after centuries of slow development and even decay. Although in absolute terms

975-525: Is more diversified with a higher presence of vegetables , especially in the Vega Baja del Segura area. Though the low insulation rate and overall stable weather during the summer may pose a threat to water supplies for agriculture and human consumption, conversely this climate allows tourism to be the province's main industry. Very dense residential housing along the coast, occupied by locals, people from inland Spain and from other EU countries (mostly from

1040-623: Is now modern day Llíria , other important nearby settlements included Arse–Saguntum , Saetabis and Dianium ). With the establishment of the Muslim Taifa of Valencia , during the Al-Andalus period, the name developed to بلنسية ( Balansiya ). The modern names of the city are Valencia (Spanish) and València (Valencian). The older spellings Valençia , Ualençia and Ualència are also found in pre-reform Spanish and Valencian texts. To distinguish it from its capital city,

1105-437: Is the town in the Valencian Community with the smallest number of inhabitants. The study of the demographic evolution of the Valencian Community can be divided into two clearly differentiated periods, which belong to two different moments of the demographic transition: the old demographic cycle or regime (until the 18th century), characterized by high mortality and high birth rates, and the modern demographic regime or cycle (from

1170-483: Is very unevenly distributed: it is concentrated on the coastal strip and has an average population density of 224.3 inhabitants/km². The community has shown strong demographic growth from the 1960s until 2023, when it reaches its maximum; 17.03% of its population is of foreign nationality (INE 2023). Despite the high population rate, there are 24 municipalities, most of them in the province of Castellón, that have less than 100 inhabitants. Castell de Cabres with 19 inhabitants

1235-711: The Catalan language ). As of 2020, the population of the Valencian Community comprised 10.63% of the Spanish population. The city of Valencia (capital of the Valencian Community) was founded by the Romans under the name of Valentia Edetanorum , or simply Valentia , which translates to "strength" or "valour", in full "strength of the Edetani " (the centre of Edetania was Edeta , an important old Iberian settlement 25 km north of Valencia, in what

1300-550: The Comité Econòmic i Social (Social and Economic Committee). Prior to the 1833 territorial division of Spain Valencia was divided into four administrative provinces of Spain : Alicante , Castellón , Valencia and Xàtiva . From 1833, the current three-province system was consolidated: The Valencian Community is further divided into 34 comarques (including the city of Valencia) and 542 municipalities (141 in

1365-718: The Costa del Azahar on the Mediterranean Sea . It is best known for the remains of the ancient Iberian and Roman city of Saguntum . The siege of Saguntum in 219 BC was the trigger of the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and the Romans. The municipality includes three differentiated urban nuclei: Ciutat Vella (Sagunto), Grau Vell  [ es ] and Puerto de Sagunto . Over half of

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1430-844: The Fall of the Western Roman Empire , during the Barbarian Invasions in the 5th century AD, the region was first invaded by the Alans and finally ruled by the Visigoths (see Valencian Gothic ), until the arrival of the Arabs in 711, which left a broad impact in the region, still visible in today's Valencian landscape and culture. After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordova , two main independent taifas were established at

1495-671: The House of Bourbon , a new Kingdom of Spain was formed implementing a more centralized government and absolutist regime than the former Habsburg Spain . The first attempt to gain self-government , or autonomous government, for the Valencian Community in modern-day Spain was during the Second Spanish Republic , in 1936, but the Civil War broke out and the autonomist project was suspended. In 1977, after Franco 's dictatorship Valencia started to be partially autonomous with

1560-681: The Segura in the province of Alicante, whose source is in Andalusia , and the Júcar (or Xúquer ) in the province of Valencia, whose source is in Castilla–La Mancha . Both are subjected to very intense human regulation for cities, industries and, especially, agricultural consumption. The river Turia (or Túria ) is the third largest and has its source in Aragon . Most rivers in the area, such as

1625-558: The Vinalopó , are usually short, have little current (due to agricultural usage, climatic reasons or both) and are often completely dry during the summer. Other Valencian rivers are the Serpis and Sénia . The Valencian Community is, with 5,216,195 inhabitants (INE 2023), the fourth autonomous community in Spain by population, and represents 10.85% of the national population. Its population

1690-473: The desertic climate ( Köppen BWh ) are also found in the Valencian Community. The Csb climate is more common and is found in inland, high altitude areas (generally starting above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) across the 3 provinces of the Valencian Community, especially in the interior of Castellón but also in El Rincón de Ademuz and the north of Los Serranos comarcas in the province of Valencia . In

1755-449: The 20th century, including Alcoy or Alcoi , Elda , Ontinyent , Petrer , Villena , and La Vall d'Uixó . In recent decades, the concentration of population around the large capitals has increased and large metropolitan areas have been formed, although the demographic concentration has also occurred in coastal towns and cities, so that traditionally small populations, such as Benidorm , Gandia , Calpe or Torrevieja have experienced

1820-550: The British Isles, Benelux, Germany and Scandinavia), boosts the summertime population (and hydrological demands). In 2004, Valencia's GDP was 93.9% of the European Union average, although this figure may be too low because of the important presence of foreign residents either from other regions of Europe or as economic immigrants, who are not properly represented in the official statistics. As in all of Spain, there

1885-614: The Ebro river, the Carthaginians occupied the whole region. The dispute over the hegemony of Saguntum , a Hellenized Iberian coastal city with diplomatic contacts with Rome, destroyed by Hannibal in 219 BC, ignited the Second Punic War , which ended with the incorporation of the region to the Roman Empire. The Romans founded the city of Valentia in 138 BC, which, over the centuries overtook Saguntum in importance. After

1950-665: The Greek island of Zakynthos , could have founded Saguntum as one of the 5 colonies of the Greeks on the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the 5th century BC. During the 5th c. BC the Iberians built a walled settlement on the hill overseeing the plain; a stretch of cyclopean limestone slabs from the former Temple of Diana survives, close to the modern church of Santa Maria. The city traded with coastal colonies in

2015-527: The Gulf of Valencia, around the Valencian Community's capital. It is the third largest in Spain, with 1,774,201 inhabitants (INE 2011). The metropolitan area of Alicante - Elche has 757,085 inhabitants (INE 2014) and is the eighth metropolitan area in Spain by population; it is the sum of the urban areas of Alicante (468,581 inhabitants) and Elche-Crevillent (288,504 inhabitants), therefore a bipolar metropolitan area. The metropolitan area of Castellón de la Plana

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2080-466: The INE, the largest metropolitan areas are: In the process whereby democracy was restored in Spain between 1975 and 1978, the nationalist and regionalist parties pressed to grant home rule to certain territories in Spain. The constitution of 1978 opened a legal way for autonomous communities to be formed from provinces with common historical and cultural links. In recognition of the Valencian Community as

2145-541: The Kingdom of Valencia as a third independent country within the Crown of Aragon in 1238. The kingdom developed intensively in the 14th and 15th centuries, which are considered the Golden Age of the Valencian culture, with significant works like the chivalric romance of Tirant lo Blanch . Valencia developed into an important kingdom in Europe economically through the silk trade. It also rose to power politically with

2210-523: The Mediterranean, or by land through Catalonia . The Valencian territory has few natural resources; the only important mineral deposit is the marble quarried in Alicante province. Hydrological resources (see Geography above) are also lacking: the demand for water exceeds the supply, with this imbalance especially serious in Alicante province. In particularly severe drought years, the problem

2275-633: The Muslim Arab rule for over 500 years when James I of Aragon conquered it in 1238. During the Peninsular War , a Spanish attempt to raise the French siege of the castle failed in the Battle of Saguntum on 25 October 1811. In the weeks before the battle, the Spanish garrison made a valiant and successful defense; but it surrendered the day after the battle. Historian Charles Oman stated that

2340-480: The Province of Alicante, 135 in the Province of Castellón, and 266 in the Province of Valencia). Valencia is long and narrow, running mainly north–south; historically, its rather steep and irregular terrain has made communications and the exploitation of the soil difficult, although the soil of the coastal plain is particularly fertile . This coastal axis has facilitated connections with Europe, either by sea through

2405-650: The Roman tower of Hercules). Under the Arian Visigothic kings , Saguntum received its Catholic patron saint , a bishop named Sacerdos , "the priest", who died peacefully of natural causes about AD 560. In the early 8th century, the Muslim Arabs conquered Hispania and the city became part of the Caliphate of Cordoba and at that time the city reached an era of splendor, with baths, palaces, mosques and schools open for its cosmopolitan population. Then,

2470-761: The Valencian Community were the Iberians , who were divided in several groups (the Contestani , the Edetani , the Ilercavones and the Bastetani ). The Greeks established colonies in the coastal towns of Saguntum and Dianium beginning in the 5th century BC, where they traded and mixed with the local Iberian populations. After the end of the First Punic War between Carthage and Rome in 241 BC, which established their limits of influence in

2535-494: The agricultural sector has continued to grow, the boom in the secondary and tertiary sectors during the Spanish miracle of the 1960s, has meant that its relative importance has decreased over time. The provinces of Castellón and Valencia still have thousands of hectares of citrus-producing groves and citrus continues to be a major source of income on the countryside. Province of Alicante also grows citrus, but its agriculture

2600-771: The city during Muslim rule. After the Massacre of 1391 , the Jewish community in Sagunto became the only surviving community in Valencia. During the 1492 expulsion of the Jews , there is documentation that 500 Jews left Sagunto to North Africa and other parts of Europe. The Judería is one of the most well-preserved Jewish quarters in Spain. The entrance of the quarter is through an arch called "Portal de la juheria," which lies between Sang Vella Street and Castillo Street. CD Acero

2665-439: The conflict between two competing names: "Valencian Country" and "Former Kingdom of Valencia". On one hand, "Valencian Country" represented the modern conception of nationality that resurged in the 19th century. It became well-established during the Second Spanish Republic and later on with the works of Joan Fuster in the 1960s, implying the existence of the "Catalan Countries" ( Països Catalans ). This nationalist subtext

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2730-682: The creation of the Council of the Valencian Country ( Consell del País Valencià ), and in 1982 the self-government was finally extended into a Statute of Autonomy ( Estatut d'Autonomia ) creating several self-government institutions under the Generalitat Valenciana . The first democratically elected President of the Generalitat Valenciana , Joan Lerma , took office in 1982 as part of the transition to autonomy. The Valencian Statute of Autonomy make clear that Valencia

2795-559: The dunes, thus forming now protected areas of remarkable ecologic value. In addition to mainland Valencia, the Valencian territory administers the tiny Columbretes Islands and the coastal inhabited islet of Tabarca . Valencia has a generally pleasant climate, with mild winters and hot summers, heavily influenced by the neighbouring Mediterranean sea. Still, there are important differences between areas: The warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ), humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ) and

2860-440: The end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th), in which the drop in mortality initially caused a demographic transition, with strong increases in the population, which passed in its final moments of demographic stability thanks to the drop in birth rates. In the case of the Valencian Community, and in Spain as a whole, both cycles temporarily coincided with the non-presence of reliable population censuses, which would not allow

2925-399: The end of the 19th century, leading to the modern conception of the Valencian Country . The current autonomous community under the Generalitat Valenciana self-government institution was established in 1982 after the Spanish Transition . Official languages are Spanish and Valencian (the official and traditional name used in the Valencian Community to refer to what is commonly known as

2990-421: The former wetlands and salt evaporation ponds in the Santa Pola and Torrevieja area. All of them are key Ramsar sites which make Valencia of high relevance for both migratory and resident seabirds and waterbirds. There are many important coastal dunes in the Saler area near the Albufera and in the Guardamar area, both of them were planted with thousands of trees during the 19th century in order to fix

3055-404: The institutions that the Valencian Courts create. The Courts have approved the creation of the Síndic de Greuges ( Ombudsman ), the Sindicatura de Comptes (Public Audit Office), the Consell Valencià de Cultura (Valencian Council of Culture), the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (Valencian Academy of the Language), the Consell Jurídic Consultiu (Juridic and Consultative Council) and

3120-424: The media and Spanish written language. However, the variant of "Valencian Country" ( País Valencià ) that emphasizes the nationality status of the Valencian people is still the preferred one by left-wing parties, civil associations, Valencian written language and major Valencian public institutions. "Valencian Community" is a neologism that was specifically adopted after democratic transition in order to solve

3185-565: The metropolitan agglomerations of Murcia, Molina de Segura and Alcantarilla, in the neighboring Region of Murcia . This supraregional metropolitan area has a total population of 776,784 inhabitants (INE 2009), an area of 1,787 km² and a density of 445.54 inhabitants/km², making it the seventh largest in Spain. In recent decades the concentration of the population in the provincial capitals and in their metropolitan areas has increased considerably, in cities such as Torrent , Mislata , Paterna , Burjassot , or San Vicente del Raspeig . According to

3250-421: The modern city, which extends in the coastal plain below the citadel hill. The last steel oven closed in April 1984. It has been restored and is now a tourist attraction. Sangunto was once home to a Jewish community. According to a Jewish legend, a tombstone was found in Sangunto with the inscription "Adoniram, treasurer of King Solomon , who came to collect the tax tribute and died." Jews were already living in

3315-427: The most important wars of antiquity. After stiff resistance over the course of eight months Saguntum was captured by Hannibal. Seven years later, the town was retaken by the Romans. In 214 BC, it became a municipium , was rebuilt and flourished. Hispania was not easily pacified and Romanized, as the Iberian career of Quintus Sertorius makes clear. Saguntum minted coins under his protection, and continued to house

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3380-478: The natives of the Valencian Community Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Valencian . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valencian&oldid=1249919278 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3445-401: The population lives in the coastal settlement of Puerto de Sagunto. Gaspar Juan Escolano, in his Decades of the History of Valencia (1610-11), writes that the first settlers of Sagunto were Armenian families, the Sagas, who came to the peninsula with Tubal and laid the first foundations of the city naming it Sagunt (Armenian: of Saga). There is also speculation that Achaeans, probably from

3510-446: The province of Alicante this climate is only found in the highest altitudes of Serra de Mariola and Sierra de Aitana . Both Cfa and Cfb climates can be only found in the interior of the province of Castellón, with marginal presence in the Valencian province, only in the Rincón de Ademuz comarca. The presence of the desertic climates ( BWh ) is marginal to scarcely populated areas south of Elche . There are only two major rivers:

3575-480: The region, Valencia and Dénia , along with the small and short living taifas of Orihuela , Alpuente , Jérica and Sagunt and the short Christian conquest of Valencia by El Cid . However, the origins of present-day Valencia date back to the Kingdom of Valencia , which came into existence in the 13th century. James I of Aragon led the Christian conquest and colonization of the existing Islamic taifas with Aragonese and Catalan colonizers in 1208; they founded

3640-419: The rest of the states belonging to the former Crown of Aragon and which had retained some autonomy, and subordinated it to the structure of the Kingdom of Castile and its laws and customs. As a result of this, the institutions and laws created by the Law of Valencia ( Furs de València ) were abolished and the usage of the Valencian language in official instances and education was forbidden. Consequently, with

3705-442: The rise of the Crown of Aragon, (within which the Kingdom of Valencia had achieved the largest population and the greatest economic power at that time) and the ascension of the Valencian House of Borja in Rome (see Route of the Borjas , Route of the Monasteries and Route of the Classics ). After a slow decline following the dynastic union of the Crown of Aragon with the Kingdom of Castile, Valencia's successful status came to

3770-424: The site was converted into a fortress in 1810–1811 by General Joaquín Blake at the suggestion of British officer Charles William Doyle . At that time, much of the largely intact Roman theater was dismantled to provide stone for restoring the old walls. Saguntum was badly damaged in warfare, but has retained many Valencian Gothic structures. In the late 19th century, a steel-making industry grew up that supported

3835-487: The territory is the Aitana (1,558 m). The rather thin coastal strip is a very fertile plain without remarkable mountains except those around the Cap de la Nau area in northern Alicante province and the Peñíscola area in the Castellón province. Typical of this coastal area are wetlands and marshlands such as L'Albufera close to Valencia, El Fondo in Elche and Crevillent , La Marjal near Pego , Albufera of Gayanes in Gayanes or El Prat in Cabanes , also

3900-418: The territory, and more sparse around the inner and northern regions. Important historical cities include Sagunto and Dénia in Roman times; Valencia , Alicante , Xàtiva , Orihuela , Elche , Gandia , and Villarreal or Vila-real later on in history and, more recently, Alzira and Castellón de la Plana . Another set of noncoastal cities increased significantly in numbers due to industrialization in

3965-428: The town was known as Morvedre in latin ( Morviedro in Spanish). Morvedre was also the origin of the Arabic name of the city مُرْبَاطَرُ or مُرْبِيطَرُ (Morbāṭar or Morbīṭar), furthermore, the latin name was derived from muri veteres "ancient walls." However, as Valencia grew, Saguntum declined. In 1098, the city was conquered by El Cid but the Muslims recovered it shortly thereafter. The city had been under

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4030-426: The traditional conception of a kingdom, and, on the other hand, it also recognizes Valencia as a nationality , in accordance with the modern conception. Valencia was affected by the 2024 Spanish floods . The inland part of the territory is craggy, with some of the highest peaks in the Valencia and Castellón provinces forming part of the Iberian Mountain Range . The mountains in the Province of Alicante are in turn

4095-413: The western Mediterranean such as Carthage and, under their influence, minted its own coins . During this period, the city was known as Arse ( Iberian : Arsesken ) By 219 BC, Saguntum was a large and commercially prosperous town, which sided with the local colonists and Rome against Carthage, and drew Hannibal 's first assault, his siege of Saguntum , which triggered the Second Punic War, one of

4160-699: Was opposed by anti-Catalan blaverists , who proposed "Former Kingdom of Valencia" ( Antic Regne de València ) instead, in order to emphasize Valencian independence from Catalonia. Currently, blaverists have accepted the official denomination. The autonomous community can be homonymously identified with its capital "Valencia". However, this could be disregarding of the provinces of Alicante and Castellón. Other more anecdotal translations have included "Land of Valencia", "Region of Valencia" and "Valencian Region". The term "Region", however, carries negative connotations among many Valencians because it could deny their nationality status. The pre-Roman autochthonous people of

4225-430: Was significant growth in the years immediately following 2004, at least until the 2008–13 Spanish financial crisis . Saguntum Sagunto ( Valencian : Sagunt ) is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Valencia , Valencian Community. It belongs to the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre . It is located approximately 30 km (19 mi) north of the city of Valencia , close to

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