Misplaced Pages

#369630

61-555: Neither brother married; the two shared a common bedroom in their 54-room mansion, Roundwood Manor, on the grounds of their estate, Daisy Hill, in Hunting Valley, Ohio . During their lifetimes, they seldom gave interviews or made appearances in public; however, when they did, it was always together. Before the establishment of Shaker Heights, Ohio , the brothers were land and building speculators in Cleveland , Ohio . In 1909,

122-532: A female householder with no husband present, and 15.1% were non-families. 13.7% of households were one person and 6.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.80. The age distribution was 21.6% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 14.4% from 25 to 44, 35.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% 65 or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males. The median household income

183-472: A total area of 8.01 square miles (20.75 km ), of which 7.89 square miles (20.44 km ) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km ) is water. The village is almost entirely within Cuyahoga County limits, the exception being a small fraction on its easternmost edge, which is in neighboring Geauga County . At the 2010 census there were 707 people, 277 households, and 216 families living in

244-522: A train near Hoboken of coronary thrombosis on November 22, 1936. At the time of his death, O.P.'s net worth was less than $ 3,000. The brothers are buried together in Cleveland's Lakeview Cemetery under a tombstone that reads: "Brothers". Hunting Valley, Ohio Hunting Valley is a village in Cuyahoga and Geauga counties in the U.S. state of Ohio . The population was 763 as of

305-465: Is also home to the upper school campus of the college preparatory University School , and is a nearby community for other private schools. Squire Valley View Farm, a research and recreational property belonging to Case Western Reserve University, is situated on 381 acres of land bequeathed to the school by the locally renowned Squire and Wade families in the early and mid 20th century. Erie Railroad The Erie Railroad ( reporting mark ERIE )

366-646: Is through J.P. Morgan & Company , or the banks". Underwood responded from his home in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin , stating "I am running the Erie Railroad: not George W. Perkins, nor J.P. Morgan, nor anybody else." In the mid-1920s, the Van Sweringen brothers of Cleveland, Ohio, assumed control of the Erie, and they installed a new president for the railroad, John Joseph Bernet . Bernet only served as

427-528: The Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins . The Erie doctrine , which governs the application of state common law in federal courts, is still taught in American law schools , as of 2024. By December 1941, the Erie emerged from bankruptcy, following a reorganization process, which involved the purchase of the leased Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad , swapping high rent for lower interest payments, and

488-595: The 2020 census . An eastern suburb of Cleveland , it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area . In 2000, Hunting Valley was ranked the 6th highest-income place in the United States. It was the 17th highest-income place in 2010, but still the wealthiest locale in Ohio. Hunting Valley is one of the five municipalities, along with Moreland Hills , Orange Village , Pepper Pike and Woodmere , that originally formed Orange Township, established in 1820. Orange Township

549-705: The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , they added plans to include steam railways. On March 1, 1917, the engineers of the Erie Railroad , the Nickel Plate, and the Cleveland Terminal Company reported that a new freight-and-passenger terminal located on Public Square in downtown Cleveland would be economical. The plan provided twelve stub-end tracks for the steam passenger trains, with loops for local and interurban cars above. The space above

610-676: The Delaware and Hudson Railroad (D&H); on October 17, 1960, the Erie and the DL&;W merged together to create the Erie Lackawanna Railway . However, the merged railroad only operated for sixteen years, before their financial decline forced them to be absorbed into Conrail in 1976. Some former Erie trackage between Hornell and Binghamton were damaged in 1972 by Hurricane Agnes . The Erie's large repair facility in Hornell

671-617: The Erie Lackawanna Railway . The Hornell repair shops were closed in 1976, when Conrail took over, and repair operations moved to the Lackawanna's facility in Scranton, Pennsylvania . Some of the former Erie line between Hornell and Binghamton was damaged in 1972 by Hurricane Agnes , but the damage was quickly repaired and today this line is a key link in the Norfolk Southern Railway 's Southern Tier mainline. What

SECTION 10

#1732790969370

732-551: The Hudson River at Piermont , north of New York City , west to Lake Erie at Dunkirk . On February 16, 1841, the railroad was authorized to cross into the northeast corner of Pennsylvania on the west side of the Delaware River , a few miles west of Port Jervis, NY, as the east side was already occupied by the Delaware and Hudson Canal to a point several miles west of Lackawaxen, PA. Construction began in 1836 and

793-828: The New York Stock Exchange . Following the Great Depression , the brothers' rail empire suffered financial difficulties. Loans were foreclosed upon and assets were sold to meet interest payments for their debts. In 1933, O.P. Van Sweringen testified before the United States Senate Committee on Banking and Currency, in Washington, D.C., and during testimony, described their complex business dealings as it related to railroads. M.J. Van Sweringen's health began to decline in 1934 and he died on December 12, 1935. O.P. died on board

854-799: The Pennsylvania Railroad withdrew from the project. Smith, in his capacity as the president of the NYCRR, allied with the Van Sweringens, was fiercely opposed Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1923, the Van Sweringens announced their plans to build The Terminal Tower (a tall building to increase office space) over the Union Station to compare to the Woolworth Building in New York City . It was necessary to design

915-654: The Pennsylvania Railroad 's Broadway Limited or New York Central Railroad 's 20th Century Limited . Some of the Erie's most well known trains included the Erie Limited , Lake Cities , Pacific Express , Atlantic Express , Midlander , Southern Tier Express and Mountain Express . All of these had their western termini in Chicago, except the Mountain Express which terminated in Hornell , in

976-562: The Southern Tier of New York. The Erie operated an extensive network of commuter routes in northern New Jersey and the lower Hudson Valley of New York. Most of these routes became part of Conrail along with the rest of Erie Lackawanna's rail operations in 1976. The New Jersey routes are now part of NJ Transit's Hoboken Division, originating and terminating at Hoboken Terminal. The Hudson Valley routes are now part of Metro-North Railroad . In addition to its steam and diesel services

1037-501: The suburb and downtown . In 1913, the Van Sweringens established the Cleveland Interurban Railroad , which managed the operation of their streetcar lines in what is now Cleveland Heights, Ohio . In order to provide convenience to residents of Shaker Heights, the Van Sweringens planned a high-speed interurban styled electric rail line, which was christened Shaker Heights Rapid Transit and commonly known as

1098-871: The Cleveland Union Terminal Company allowed the Erie to use the Union Terminal adjacent to Terminal Tower in lieu of its old station. That same year, the Erie purchased a share of the Niagara Junction Railway , along with the New York Central and the Lehigh Valley . On March 17, 1954, the Erie completely dieselized their locomotive roster, when K-1 class 4-6-2 No. 2530 hauled the railroad's final steam-powered commuter train between Jersey City and Spring Valley, New York . Later that same year,

1159-646: The Erie Railroad proved influential in the development and economic growth of the Southern Tier of New York state , including the cities of Binghamton , Elmira , and Hornell . The Erie Railroad repair shops were located in Hornell and was Hornell's largest employer. Hornell was also where Erie's mainline split into two routes with one proceeding northwest to Buffalo and the other west to Chicago. On October 17, 1960, Erie Railroad merged with its former rival, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad , to form

1220-512: The Erie also operated an electric commuter rail line to its terminal station in Rochester, New York . The station was one of the Erie's few electrified railroad stations, and the railroad became one of the first to provide electric commuter services in 1907. As part of the 30th anniversary of Norfolk Southern Railway being formed, NS decided to paint 20 new locomotives into the paint scheme of predecessor railroads. NS #1068, an EMD SD70ACe ,

1281-483: The Erie built a third rail along the entire mainline from Buffalo to Jersey City. The third rail installation and standard-gauge conversion projects were so expensive, that the railroad was forced into bankruptcy. The Erie still did not see profits, and was sold in 1878 via bankruptcy reorganization to become the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad. On June 22, 1880, the railroad’s standard-gauge conversion process

SECTION 20

#1732790969370

1342-688: The Erie he managed to take $ 4 million, which he claimed was the railroad's "debt" to him. In 1869, the railroad moved its main shop facilities from Dunkirk to Buffalo . Rather than demolishing the shops in Dunkirk, the facility was leased to Horatio G. Brooks , the former chief engineer of the NY&;E who was at the controls of the first train into Dunkirk in 1851. Horatio Brooks used the facilities to begin Brooks Locomotive Works , which remained in independent business until 1901 when it

1403-443: The Erie's president from January 1927 to May 1929, but during that time, he initiated a reorganization and cost-cutting program to improve the company's operations and finances. He also arranged for the Erie to replace most of their steam locomotives and rolling stock with newly-built standardized equipment to speed up their freight operations, and it involved the introduction of the Erie's fleet of 2-8-4 "Berkshire" locomotives. In

1464-561: The NYS&;W allowed the Erie to gain access to anthracite coal mines south of Scranton, Pennsylvania , competing with coal operations from the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). George W. Perkins brought Frederick D. Underwood into the Erie Railroad in 1910. During the eastern railroad strike of 1913 Underwood agreed to accept any ruling made by mediators under the Newlands Reclamation Act . One of

1525-478: The New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad went into bankruptcy reorganization again, and then the company emerged in 1895 as the Erie Railroad. By that time, the company began to obtain financial support from J. P. Morgan . In 1898, the Erie obtained a subsidiary, the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYS&W), after Morgan purchased the majority of their shares, on the Erie's behalf. The control of

1586-559: The Rapid and other municipal rail and bus routes were combined under the auspices of the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority . The station area was converted into a shopping mall known as Tower City Center , which opened in 1990. The fortunes of the Van Sweringens rose in the 1920s. By 1929, their holdings were valued at $ 3 billion, mostly as a result of the high valuation of stocks on

1647-430: The Rapid. This prompted the Van Sweringens to purchase land in the vicinity of Public Square in downtown Cleveland as early as 1909 to provide a terminus for their rapid transit line. Their Rapids could travel at speeds of up to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h), but the line could not be moved farther west than 34th Street. In order to meet the Van Sweringens' guidelines that the Rapid would not travel in street traffic,

1708-699: The Van Sweringen brothers began exercising options on 1,399 acres (5.7 km) of land formerly owned by the North Union Community of the Society of Believers, better known as the Shakers . Conceived and planned as a garden community similar to Baltimore 's Roland Park , Shaker Village soon became Cleveland's most sought-after address. This was achieved through a combination of planning, design review, and convenience – all of which fell under

1769-516: The Van Sweringens controlled 30,000 miles (50,000 km) of rail worth $ 3 billion, nearly all of it purchased through credit. Lines under their control included the Erie Railroad , Pere Marquette Railway , Hocking Valley Railway , and Chesapeake and Ohio Railway . They managed to control this huge (for the time) system by a maze of holding companies (including the Alleghany Corporation ) and interlocking directorships. To solve

1830-495: The abandonment of duplicate freight facilities in Binghamton and Elmira, New York. Between 1956 and 1957, the Erie shifted its passenger trains from its Pavonia Terminal to the DL&W's newer Hoboken Terminal . The DL&W also abandoned most of their mainline between Binghamton and Elmira, in favor of the Erie's parallel mainline, in 1958. The merger negotiations subsequently accelerated, and they briefly considered including

1891-441: The age of 18 living with them, 72.9% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.0% were non-families. 19.9% of households were one person and 12.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the village was 50.3 years. 23.1% of residents were under

Van Sweringen brothers - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-528: The age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 11.4% were from 25 to 44; 33.5% were from 45 to 64; and 26.4% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. At the 2000 census there were 735 people, 284 households, and 241 families living in the village. The population density was 92.1 inhabitants per square mile (35.6/km ). Of the 735 people, 728 of them are white. There were 317 housing units at an average density of 39.7 per square mile (15.3/km ). The racial makeup of

2013-650: The brothers bought a 51% interest in the 523-mile (842-km) New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate Road) in 1915 from the New York Central Railroad . The route gave the Van Sweringens an unobstructed path to downtown Cleveland. From this acquisition, the Van Sweringens formed the Nickel Plate Securities Corporation , from which they would use investor money to buy a controlling interest in other major United States rail companies. At their zenith in 1928,

2074-440: The buildings to avoid vibrations from the trains below. Construction began in 1926 as 16 caissons each went down 200 to 250 feet (60 to 75 m) to support the weight of the building. Construction was completed in 1930. In 1973, Amtrak chose to move out of the station, instead serving a small station along the lake route , ending intercity service to the station, though Cleveland Rapid Transit continued its local services. In 1975,

2135-401: The community were restricted to designated areas and were required to follow guidelines designed to give the impression that a structure was a single-family home. By 1920, the Van Sweringens controlled more than 4,000 acres (16 km) in the community, which reached city status in 1931. Since lots sold slowly, the brothers concluded that Shaker Heights needed a transportation system between

2196-607: The company; Cornelius Vanderbilt versus Daniel Drew , James Fisk and Jay Gould . Gould ultimately triumphed in this struggle, but was forced to relinquish control in 1872–73 due to unfavorable public opinion following his involvement in the 1869 gold-rigging scandal and to his loss of $ 1 million of Erie Railroad stock to the British con-man Lord Gordon-Gordon . Investors in the railroad were also weary of Gould's financial wars with Vanderbilt that caused wild stock price fluctuations and operating losses from rate battles. Upon leaving

2257-465: The demands made by Erie employees was a 20% increase in wages. Erie management had refused a wage increase, but compromised by asking employees to wait until January, 1915 for any advance. Union leaders agreed to make this an issue which Erie management would settle with its own men. However, W.G. Lee, president of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, asserted that the only way "to deal with the Erie

2318-409: The mid-1930s, both Van Sweringen brothers died at an early age, before they could carry out any further plans they had for the Erie and their other railroads. Despite the ravages of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Erie managed to continue operations on their own, until they filed for bankruptcy again, on January 18, 1938. That same year, the Erie was involved in the U.S. Supreme Court case,

2379-537: The problem of the passenger station, the Van Sweringens purchased more rights-of-way that gave them access to the area below the southwest corner of Cleveland's Public Square. Again, the Van Sweringens planned another city within a city to solve their rail dilemma; the result was the Union Terminal Complex, a mix of high-rise offices, shopping, and hotel aboveground, with a train depot and rapid station below grade. The centerpiece of this massive complex

2440-403: The purchase of formerly-subsidized and leased lines. In 1940, the NYS&W became disbanded from the Erie's control, as part of their own bankruptcy reorganization, and in the process, the Erie was entrusted ownership of their Susquehanna Connecting Railroad. The Erie's reorganization was deemed a success, since the railroad managed to pay dividends to their shareholders. On September 15, 1948,

2501-550: The railroad built the Starrucca Viaduct , a stone railroad bridge over Starrucca Creek in Lanesboro, Pennsylvania , which has survived and is still in use today. In fact, current owner Central New York Railroad spent $ 3.2 million in 2021 centering its single remaining track, re- ballasting and repairing masonry. The viaduct is 1,040 feet (317 m) long, 100 feet (30.5 m) high and 25 feet (7.6 m) wide at

Van Sweringen brothers - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-454: The railroad interchanged traffic by means of truck exchange , including through passenger and freight connections to St. Louis , Missouri, using a Nutter car hoist in Urbana, Ohio . Beginning in 1876, the Erie carried out their plans to convert their trackage to standard gauge, since it was deemed that the standard gauge-broad gauge interchange operations could not justify the costs. By 1878,

2623-426: The railroad launched trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) services. Erie Railroad prospered throughout the mid-1950s, but their profits were simultaneously on a decline. The company's 1957 income was half of that of 1956; by 1958 and 1959, Erie Railroad posted large deficits. The Erie's financial losses resulted in them entering negotiations to merge with the nearby Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. The proposed merger led to

2684-399: The railway. It is reported that Webster viewed the entire run from a rocking chair attached to a flatcar, with a steamer rug and jug of high-quality Medford rum . At stops, he would step off the flatcar and give speeches. The line was built at 6 ft ( 1,829 mm ) wide gauge ; this was believed to be a superior technology to standard gauge, providing more stability. In 1848,

2745-532: The second modern planned shopping center in the United States) where they would divide onto their own routes. The Van Sweringens designated Shaker Boulevard as a grand boulevard of mansions, fronted by generous setbacks from the interurban tracks. Higher-density luxury apartments were planned for Moreland Boulevard, which was renamed Van Aken Boulevard in honor of the city's first mayor. Building in Shaker

2806-463: The strict supervision of the Van Sweringens. Street planning for the new community used curved roads instead of the more usual grid pattern of streets found in many American communities. Three tree-lined boulevards extended eastward into the country. Moreland and Shaker boulevards' center isles would be used for trackbed for a planned interurban streetcar line. Both lines would share a common route from Cleveland through Shaker Square (recognized as

2867-670: The top. It is the oldest stone rail bridge in Pennsylvania still in use. As stated in the introduction, the shops in Hornell, New York were the largest on the Erie system beginning in the late 1920s, processing about 350 locomotives per year with "classified" (heavy) repairs. However, the first major repair facilities were built in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania in 1848, which were enlarged in 1863 to employ 700 workers. The primary car shops were located in Meadville, Pennsylvania in

2928-590: The tracks was to be developed for stores and office buildings. In 1918, A.H. Smith , the Eastern Director of the United States Railroad Administration and the president of the New York Central Railroad , asked whether or not the proposed facility could be sufficiently enlarged to include the railroads using the lakefront station. Thus, it was Smith who initiated the idea for a "Union Station" on Public Square. In 1919,

2989-422: The village was 99.05% White, 0.14% African American, 0.68% Asian, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54%. 17.4% were of English , 17.1% German , 11.0% Irish , 9.0% Italian , 5.7% American and 5.6% Russian ancestry according to Census 2000 . Of the 284 households 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.8% were married couples living together, 4.9% had

3050-406: The village. The population density was 89.4 inhabitants per square mile (34.5/km ). There were 322 housing units at an average density of 40.8 per square mile (15.8/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 97.0% White, 0.6% African American, 1.1% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7%. Of the 277 households 26.7% had children under

3111-533: The western part of the state, employing 3,500 in 1912. In August 1859, the company went into receivership due to inability to make payments on the debts incurred for the large costs of building, and, on June 25, 1861, it was reorganized as the Erie Railway. This was the first bankruptcy of a major trunk line in the U.S. In the Erie War of the 1860s, four well-known financiers struggled for control of

SECTION 50

#1732790969370

3172-537: Was a railroad that operated in the Northeastern United States , originally connecting Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey , with Lake Erie at Dunkirk, New York . The railroad expanded west to Chicago following its 1865 merger with the former Atlantic and Great Western Railroad , also known as the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad (NYPANO RR). The mainline route of

3233-528: Was closed following Conrail's takeover, and operations were consolidated at the Lackawanna's Scranton facility. A map from 1960 shows that the Erie had some control over the former Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway and the New York Central from Lawrenceville to Newberry Junction, near Williamsport, PA. The Erie Railroad operated a number of named passenger trains, although none were as well-known or successful as others like

3294-614: Was completed. In 1886, it was reported that the Erie and the Philadelphia and Reading Railway shared ferry services between their two Jersey City terminals, the larger being Pavonia Terminal , and Fulton Ferry in Brooklyn, New York for 11 round trips on weekdays and Saturdays, and four round trips on Sunday. In 1889, it opened a new bridge across the Hackensack River improving service to its terminals. By 1893,

3355-574: Was controlled by a set of restrictive covenants and building guidelines established by the Van Sweringens and known as Shaker Standards . Shaker Standards prevented the community from being developed in any way contrary to how the Van Sweringens intended, including barring African Americans. Standards limited commercial development, rental property development, and residence style and size. Standards set roof slope angles, materials, finishes, and garage placement. All residences were required to be unique and designed by an architect . Duplex residences in

3416-492: Was in excess of $ 200,000, as is the median family income . Males had a median income of over $ 100,000 versus $ 42,083 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 144,281. About 2.1% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 0.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Hunting Valley is served by the Orange City School System . Hunting Valley

3477-527: Was left of the Erie Lackawanna became part of Conrail in 1976. In 1983, remnants of the Erie Railroad became part of New Jersey Transit rail operations , including parts of its Main Line , and most of the surviving Erie Railroad routes are now operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway . The New York and Erie Rail Road was chartered on April 24, 1832, by New York governor Enos T. Throop to connect

3538-407: Was merged with seven other locomotive manufacturing firms to create ALCO . ALCO continued new locomotive production at this facility until 1934, then closed the plant completely in 1962. The cost of breaking bulk cargo in order to interchange with standard gauge lines led the Erie to introduce a line of cars designed to operate on both broad gauge and standard gauge trucks . Beginning in 1871,

3599-416: Was named Terminal Tower , which was the second tallest skyscraper in the United States at the time of its completion. The Van Sweringens realized that if their plans for a Public Square station were to succeed, they would have to include all the electric railways, including streetcars , rapid transit, interurban lines, and local freight and warehousing facilities. Following the suggestion of an official of

3660-538: Was opened in sections until reaching the full length to Dunkirk on May 19, 1851. At Dunkirk, steamboats continued across Lake Erie to Detroit, Michigan . The line crossed the Kittatinny Mountains at 870 feet. When the route was completed in May, 1851, President Millard Fillmore and several members of his cabinet, including Secretary of State Daniel Webster , made a special, two-day excursion run to open

3721-566: Was the birthplace of President James A. Garfield in 1831. Roundwood Manor was built in 1923 by the railway barons the Van Sweringen brothers . In 1924, Hunting Valley was incorporated as a village encompassing the northeast quadrant of the original Orange Township. Hunting Valley is also part of the Connecticut Western Reserve . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has

SECTION 60

#1732790969370
#369630