93-574: Vellore East ( Sathuvachari ) Vellore South ( Vellore Fort ) Vellore (English: VAY -loor ), also natively spelt as Velur , is a sprawling city and the administrative headquarters of Vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is located on the banks of the Palar River in the northeastern part of Tamil Nadu and is separated into four zones that are further subdivided into 60 wards, covering an area of 153.14 km and housing
186-494: A Monument of National Importance and is a famous tourist attraction. The State Government Museum is inside the fort and opened to the public in 1985. It consists of art, archaeology, prehistory, weapons, sculptures, bronzes, wood carvings, handicrafts, numismatics, philately, botany, geology, and zoology exhibits. Historical monuments of the North Arcot District are contained in the gallery. Special exhibits include
279-463: A branch that operates at the district level and is headed by a superintendent. The GDP of Vellore is $ 4 billion as of 2020. According to the Indian Census of 2001, the urban workforce employment rate of Vellore is 43.64%. Vellore, being the headquarters of the district, has registered growth in its tertiary sector activities with a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Most employment
372-648: A broad moat fed with water by subterranean pipes from the Suryagunta reservoir. Within the fort is the similarly aged Jalakanteswara Temple . The fort houses the Tipu Mahal where Tipu Sultan is believed to have stayed with his family during the war with the British; the graves of Tipu's sons are found at Vellore. It is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. Vellore Fort has been declared
465-708: A double bronze sword from Vellore Taluk dating to 400 BCE, stone sculptures from the late Pallava to Vijayanagar periods, ivory chess boards and coins used by the last Kandian King of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Raja Singha. Educational activities at the museum include an art camp for school students and the study of inscriptions and iconography for college students. The Vellore municipal corporation maintains 104.332 km (64.829 mi) of roads. It has 50.259 km (31.229 mi) of concrete road, 6.243 km (3.879 mi) of kutcha road and 47.88 km (29.75 mi) of bituminous road. The National Highways passing through or terminating at Vellore as per new numbering are: Vellore
558-667: A few years later. Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras . He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College ; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee ; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan . He was awarded the Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on K. Kamaraj 's visit to
651-587: A majority and the support of 139 members of Parliament. Kumar, leader of the Goodmans Party, ended up winning seven votes. Venkataraman was declared elected on 16 July 1987 and was sworn in on 25 July 1987. The election was challenged unsuccessfully in the Supreme Court by Mithilesh Kumar. Coming after a series of electoral defeats, controversies over defence deals and the uneasy relationship between Prime Minister Gandhi and President Zail Singh,
744-602: A number of recruits from the Vellore district , especially from Kammavanpet (known as "the military village"). Military spending is a major source of income. Vellore is considered a prominent destination for medical and technological education in India. It has a state-government university, a private technological university, one government and one private medical school and several engineering and arts and science colleges. The country's first stem-cell translational research centre
837-467: A political furore. Venkataraman saved Rajiv Gandhi’s government much embarrassment when he declined to allow a discussion in the house on this letter and on the president's right to be kept informed under Article 78 of the Constitution . Despite angry protests and walkouts by opposition parties , Venkataraman refused to budge stating that confidentiality of communications between the president and
930-699: A population of 315128 as reported by the 2011 census. It is located about 137.20 kilometres (85 mi) west of Chennai , and about 213.20 kilometres (132 mi) east of Bangalore . Vellore is located on the Mumbai –Chennai arm of the Golden Quadrilateral . Vellore is governed under a mayor and the Vellore Municipal Corporation . It is a part of both the Lok Sabha and state assembly constituencies of Vellore. Vellore
1023-612: A population of 504,079 of which 247,002 are males and 257,077 are females. The sex-ratio of Vellore is 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 926. A total of 48,547 were under the age of six, constituting 24,692 males and 23,855 females. The literacy rate of Vellore is 87.09%, which is higher than national urban average of 85%. Literacy rate for males and females stood at 92.03% and 82.23% respectively. Total literates in Vellore were 379,849 of which males were 199,247 and remaining 180,602 were females. The city had
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#17327728891251116-609: A population of above 1.5 lacs. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Sathuvachari has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 75%. In Sathuvachari, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. As per the religious census of 2011, Sathuvachari had 85.01% Hindus , 7.9% Muslims , 6.5% Christians , 0.03% Sikhs , 0.04% Buddhists , 0.18% Jains , 0.32% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. The Shiva Lingam of Jalakandeswarar temple
1209-708: A three-year Bachelor of Laws (BL) degree with an annual intake of 80 students. The college is in Katpadi, Vellore. There are several Arabic colleges in Vellore such as the Madrasa Al-Baqiyathus Salihath (popularly known as Baaqiyaath ), founded by Shah Abdul Wahab and is the second oldest Arabic college in India after Darul Uloom Deoband in Uttar Pradesh . Schieffelin Institute of Health – Research and Leprosy Centre (SIH-R & LC)
1302-635: A total of 112,486 households, with 70,257 workers, including 297 cultivators, 395 main agricultural labourers, 4,387 in household industries, 59,281 other workers, 5,897 marginal workers, 59 marginal cultivators, 74 marginal agricultural labourers, 667 marginal workers in household industries, and 5,097 other marginal workers. According to the religious census of 2011, Vellore's population was 80.09% Hindu , 14.28% Muslim , 4.79% Christian , 0.02% Sikh , 0.03% Buddhist , 0.51% Jain , with 0.26% following other religions, and 0.02% following no religion or not indicating any religious preference. As of 2001, 69.88% of
1395-404: A urinary tract infection). His condition grew critical on 20 January, when he was detected with low blood pressure and E. coli tract infection. Venkataraman died at the age of 98 on 27 January 2009 at 14:30 IST, due to multiple organ failure. Since he died on the day after Republic Day , some programmes coinciding it were cancelled to mark the respect towards the late former President. He
1488-421: Is Mr. Nandakumar all from DMK. Vellore is a part of the Vellore and Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituencies. It consisted of the following six assembly constituencies before 2009: Katpadi , Gudiyatham , Pernampattu , Anaicut , Vellore and Arni . After the 2009 reorganization, it is composed of Vellore , Anaicut , Kilvazhithunaiankuppam , Gudiyatham , Vaniyambadi and Ambur constituencies. Since 1951,
1581-1186: Is a major railway junction on the Chennai-Bangalore broad-gauge line extending to many cities including Chennai, Bangalore, Tirupati, New Delhi, Howrah and Kanyakumari. There are direct rail links to Vijayawada Junction , Tirupati , Jhansi Junction , Bhubaneswar , Nagpur Junction , Bangalore , Coimbatore Junction , Lucknow Junction , Dehradun , Agartala , Ahmedabad Junction , Ludhiana Junction , Bhopal Junction , Mumbai Central , Mangalore Central , Tiruchirappalli Junction , Mayiladuthurai Junction , Chidambaram , Kumbakonam , Bilaspur Junction , Korba , Patna Junction , Ernakulam Junction , Thiruvananthapuram Central , Kanniyakumari , Shirdi , Kanpur Central , Gaya Junction , Dhanbad Junction , Jammu Tawi , Madurai , Durg Junction , Gwalior Junction , Chennai Central , Howrah Junction , New Delhi , Guwahati , Silchar , Madhupur Junction , Nagercoil Junction , Kozhikode , Kollam Junction , Bhagalpur Junction , Jaipur Junction , Dibrugarh , Varanasi Junction , Pune Junction , Hyderabad , Vishakapatnam and other major cities. More than 150 trains cross
1674-970: Is connected with major cities in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka . Bus service is available to Chennai , Coimbatore , Bangalore , Thiruvananthapuram , Tirupathi , Kadapa , Anantapur , Salem , Chittoor , Kuppam , Kolar , Kolar Gold Fields , Madanapalle , Vijayawada , Hyderabad , Mangalore , Karur , Kumbakonam , Aranthangi , Mannargudi , Nagapattinam , Hosur , Marthandam , Thoothukudi , Thiruchendur , Sengottai , Cuddalore , Kurnool , Kadiri , Trichy , Thuraiyur , Thammampatti , Thiruvannamalai , Tindivanam , Pondicherry , Kallakkurichi , Tirupattur , Viluppuram , Kanyakumari , Arani , Madurai , Tirunelveli , Kanchipuram , Arakkonam , Tiruttani , Kalpakkam , Pallikonda , Ponnai , Gudiyatham , Dharmapuri , Erode , Tirupur , Palakkad , Krishnagiri , Mumbai Gingee and other major towns and cities in South India. Vellore
1767-454: Is considered to be the first large-scale Indian mutiny against the British, and a prelude to the much larger Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. In the 1930s, a series of communal riots ocurred between Hindus and Muslims . The economic condition of the district in the earlier stages was not sound with the absence of major industries. Industries like Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited in Ranipet and
1860-509: Is in Vellore at Katpadi . This is India's only government explosives company with more than a thousand employees. The company is headed by a senior Indian Administrative Service officer. Kramski Stamping and Molding India Pvt Ltd, a German precision metal and plastic integrated-component manufacturing company with automotive, telecommunications, electronics and medical applications is located in Erayankadu, near Vellore. Major businesses in
1953-710: Is in the Vellore district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, 135 km (84 mi) west of the state capital Chennai and 30 km (19 mi) south of its twin city Chittoor , across the Andhra Pradesh border. Vellore lies in the Eastern Ghats region and Palar river basin. The topography is almost flat with slope from west to east. Vellore has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). The temperature ranges from 13 °C (55 °F) to 39.4 °C (102.9 °F). Like
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#17327728891252046-456: Is known as the leather hub of India. Hundreds of leather and tannery facilities are around Vellore and nearby towns, such as Ranipet , Ambur and Vaniyambadi . The Vellore district is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and gloves ). Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
2139-458: Is located near Vellore and was established in 1955 to care for leprosy patients. The institute is named in honor of the American philanthropist William Jay Schieffelin , who played a key role in its founding. Vellore Fort is the most prominent landmark in the city. During British rule , Tipu Sultan 's family and the last king of Sri Lanka , Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in
2232-460: Is one of the nine major government owned enterprises in the nation. The Boiler Auxiliaries Plant of BHEL in Ranipet is the industrial hub of Vellore. Chemical plants in the Ranipet - SIPCOT economic zone are a major source of income to residents. EID Parry is a sanitary-ware manufacturing company with 38% of the world's market share in bathroom accessories. Tirumalai Chemicals and Greaves are among
2325-432: Is provided by the leather industry, tobacco industry, agricultural trading, and industries in and around the city. Approximately 83.35% of the workforce is employed in the tertiary sector comprising transport, services and commerce. The secondary sector activities like manufacturing and household industries employs 13.52% of the workforce. Male worker employment (43.64%) is higher than female work employment (24.39%). Vellore
2418-586: Is served by a city bus service, which connects the city, suburbs, and other places of interest. The bus service extends about 30 km from the city center. There are two bus terminals: the Town Bus Terminus (opposite the fort and near CMC Hospital) and the Central Bus Terminus (near Green Circle). Other bus terminals are located at Chittor Bus Stand (near VIT Road), Bagayam and Katpadi (Junction bus stop). The bus stands are maintained by
2511-645: Is the home to the Christian Medical College & Hospital , the Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) and the Sripuram Golden Temple. The Vellore region is the largest exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Leather exports from Vellore account for more than 37% of India's leather exports and leather-related products. Vellore is one of 27 cities chosen by the Government of India to take part in
2604-523: Is the oldest college in the district and known as the institution where Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (former president of India) studied; a commemorative stamp for the centenary of the college was issued by the government of India. C. Abdul Hakeem College is in Melvisharam. Arignar Anna Arts College for Women (AAA) is located in Walajapet. The Government Law College was established in 2008. It offers
2697-506: The Indira Gandhi ministry on 14 January 1980. During January to April, 1980 he was also Minister of Industry . As finance minister, Venkataraman presented the interim and final budgets for 1980 and the budget in 1981. Venkataraman’s budget in 1981 was seen as favouring the middle class and industry, focusing on improving growth and savings in the economy while raising customs duty on all imported goods to raise revenue. In
2790-568: The Jalakandeswarar Temple within the fort represents Vijayanagara architecture . Christian Medical College & Hospital , founded in 1900 by the American medical missionary Dr. Ida S. Scudder , is another Vellore landmark. The hospital has grown into a medical institution of international repute. The central prison in Vellore, established in 1830, had imprisoned notable Indian independence activists like C. Rajagopalachari and Ramaswamy Venkataraman . Other landmarks include
2883-775: The Madras High Court and the Supreme Court of India . In his young age, he was an activist of the Indian independence movement and participated in the Quit India Movement . He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the seventh vice president of India and in 1987, he became
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2976-746: The Rashtrakuta dynasty , the Sambuvaraya chieftains , Vijayanagar , the Nawabs of the Carnatic , and the administration of the British . In the 18th century, Vellore was involved in the Carnatic Wars between Britain and France. It was situated close to several decisive battles, including those at Ambur (1749), Arcot (1751), and Vandavasi (1760). During the first half of the 19th century,
3069-513: The Tamil Nadu Industrial Explosives Limited , and the locality of Katpadi were established as the result of government policy. There has been notable growth of small scale industries and tanneries in the district, which has generated employment opportunities and benefitted farmers. Uzhavar Santhai is a useful market window for farmers. Women-driven self help groups have played an important role in building
3162-603: The Vellore Municipal Corporation . Vellore New Integrated Bus Terminus was constructed at a cost of ₹46.51 crore in a 9.25 acre area under the Smart City project by the Vellore City Municipal Corporation, it was completed in 24 months and become operational by January 2022. Vellore has three main railway stations: Katpadi Junction , Vellore Cantonment and Vellore Town. The largest is Katpadi Junction (5 km north of CMC hospital). It
3255-684: The assembly election of 1962 , the Congress Party under K Kamaraj was returned to power. Venkataraman was retained as minister in charge of the same ministries during the Kamaraj Ministry which lasted 2 October 1963 and under Chief Minister M. Bhaktavatsalam who succeeded Kamaraj. Venkataraman himself was sworn-in as Minister in the Bhaktavatsalam Ministry only on 23 October 1963, as he was in New York to attend
3348-686: The developing world , agreed to India’s request for acquiring the MiG-29 fighter jet and to the licensed production in India of the MiG-27 and MiG-29 aircraft during Venkataraman's visit to Moscow in June 1983. The offer was finalized during the visit to India of the Soviet Defence Minister , Dmitry Ustinov in March 1984. His most consequential contribution as Defence Minister, however,
3441-452: The election held in July 1987 Venkataraman emerged victorious winning 740,148 votes against 281,550 votes polled by Krishna Iyer. Mithilesh Kumar came a distant third winning 2,223 votes. Venkatraman won the support of 606 of 755 Members of Parliament and majorities in 14 of 25 state legislative assemblies while Iyer won a majority in 8 legislative assemblies where non-Congress parties held
3534-715: The leader of the opposition in the Council until his resignation from the Council in August 1967. Venkataraman was appointed a member of the Planning Commission in July, 1967 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and held charge of industry , labour , power , transport , communications and railways . In 1970, the Commission on Major Ports headed by Venkataraman submitted its report to the Government. This
3627-864: The 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation as a workers' delegate. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1953–1954. Venkatraman was reelected to Parliament from Thanjavur in the general election of 1957 with an improved majority of 37,000 votes. He however resigned
3720-625: The 1977 elections, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the assembly elections in 1977 and 2009, while Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won seats in 1980, 1984 and 1989. Elections were won twice by the Indian National Congress (INC), in 1991 and 2001, while the Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) secured seats in 1996 and 2001. The current MLA of Vellore constituency is Mr. P. Karthikeyan, Katpadi constituencyis Mr. Duraimurugan and Aniacut constituency
3813-606: The 1998 and 1999 elections. The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Kathir Anand from the DMK party. Law enforcement in Vellore is organized by the Vellore subdivision of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a deputy superintendent. There are four police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women station. Different special task forces focus on prohibition enforcement, district crime, and social justice and human rights. Administrative duties are performed by
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3906-846: The Aruganthampoodi mausoleums, located close to the section of National Highway 48 between Vellore and Arcot, where the family members of Tipu Sultan were buried; and the Muthu Mandapam, a memorial on the banks of Palar River built by the Tamil Nadu Government to honor Sri Vikrama Rajasinha , the last ruler of the Kingdom of Kandy in Sri Lanka , who ruled from 1798 to 1815 and was imprisoned in Vellore Fort for 17 years until his death. The fort of Vellore
3999-606: The British in 1760. Vellore Fort withstood Hyder Ali's siege from 1780 to 1782, and would later become the base for Lord Cornwallis’ march on Bangalore to defeat Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan was killed at Sringapatam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-79 CE), his kingdom was handed back to the Hindu Wodeyar kings of Mysore and the British exiled Tipu's surviving sons, daughters, their families, and their entire entourage to Vellore Fort. They stayed in
4092-699: The Christian Medical College succeeded in reprogramming cells from adult mice to make them function like stem cells found in the human embryo. The agricultural research station at Virinjipuram is in the Northeastern Zone of Tamil Nadu. It is one of 32 research stations of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU). The Government of India -sponsored National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) scheme has been in operation since October 1997, and it makes conservation measures conducted in water and soil of 18 watersheds in
4185-970: The Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet; Governor, International Monetary Fund , the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , and the Asian Development Bank . Venkataraman was a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Indian Delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva (1958) and represented India in
4278-696: The Indian National Congress's celebrated resistance to the British Government, the Quit India Movement of 1942, resulted in his detention for two years under the Defence of India Rules. Venkataraman's interest in the law continued during this period. In 1946, when the transfer of power from British to Indian hands was imminent, the Government of India included him in the panel of lawyers sent to Malaya and Singapore to defend Indian nationals charged with offences of collaboration during
4371-404: The Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its President from 1968 to 1979. Venkataraman was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from the Madras South constituency in the 1980 general election with an improved majority of over 120,000 votes. He was sworn in as Cabinet Minister in charge of Finance in
4464-489: The Japanese occupation of those two places. In the years 1947 to 1950, Venkataraman served as Secretary of the Madras Provincial Bar Federation. Law and trade activity led to Venkataraman's increasing association with politics. He was a member of constituent assembly that drafted India's constitution . In 1950, he was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) and to the First Parliament (1952–1957). During his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended
4557-408: The Prime Minister stopped calling on the President. The government also began to depute Venkataraman in place of Singh on diplomatic visits . Gandhi however told Parliament that he had been meeting the president regularly and had kept him informed on all matters of policy. A letter contradicting the Prime Minister’s statement, allegedly written by President Singh, was leaked to the media which led to
4650-489: The Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram. He was a great devotee of the Paramacharya of Kanchi. On 12 January 2009, Venkataraman was admitted to the Army Hospital (then Research and Referral) in New Delhi with complaints of Urosepsis (sepsis caused by
4743-501: The Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts. Thiruvalluvar University was split off from the University of Madras and is located near Vallimalai , Vellore. Most government-run arts and science colleges in Vellore , Tiruvannamalai , Villupuram and Cuddalore districts are affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University. Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology is the only government engineering college in Vellore. The Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) has been ranked as one of
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#17327728891254836-432: The Vellore parliament seat was won by the Indian National Congress four times in the 1957, 1962, 1989 and 1991 elections; AIADMK twice during the 1984 and 2014 elections; CWL once during 1951 elections; independent once during the 1980 elections; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam five times during the 1967, 1971, 1996, 2004 and 2009 elections; once each by NCO during the 1977 elections; and twice by Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) during
4929-453: The Vellore-Katpadi Junction daily. 250 to 265 trains halt at this junction. It is a major and one of the busiest junctions in South India, and the most important railway station in Vellore district. Sathuvachari Sathuvachari is an area and Zone-II headquarters of Vellore Municipal Corporation . It is located in the east of Vellore city. It is situated in the bank of Palaar River . As of 2011 India census , Sathuvachari had
5022-504: The army. With the levels of resentment towards the British already high, the sons of the deceased Tipu Sultan exacerbated the conflict by assisting the mutineers who revolted on 10 July. Under the pretense of attending the wedding of one of Tipu Sultan's daughters, mutineers gathered in Vellore Fort where the wedding was held and revolted. Raising the flag of the Kingdom of Mysore , they declared Tipu Sultan's son Fateh Hyder king. The mutineers inflicted about 200 casualties before their revolt
5115-443: The best private engineering universities in India by the India Today magazine. It was established under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956, and was founded in 1984 as a self-financing institution called the Vellore Engineering College. The Union Ministry of Human Resources Development conferred University status on Vellore Engineering College in 2001. Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), one of
5208-452: The city center are on Officer's Line, Town Hall Road, Long Bazaar and Bangalore, Scudder, Arni, Gandhi and Katpadi Roads. Many boarding and lodging houses are in and around Scudder and Gandhi Roads. Microsoft Corporation (India) Pvt. Ltd. announced the launch of 14 Microsoft Innovation Centers (MICs) in India. Trichy, Vellore, Coimbatore, Madurai and Salem in Tamil Nadu. Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), on Ida Scudder Road in
5301-427: The city of Madras (now Chennai ), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from Loyola College , Madras . He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the Madras High Court in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951. While practising law, Venkataraman was drawn into the movement for India's freedom from Britain's colonial subjugation. His active participation in
5394-450: The city's land area was developed. Out of the developed area, 55.76% was used for residential purposes, 8.34% for commerce, 1.58% for industry, 3.3% for education, 16.46% for public and semi-public use, and 10.12% for transport and communication. Although population density varies between different areas, the average density of the city of Vellore is 241 persons per hectare. Vellore is the municipal headquarters of Vellore district . The town
5487-455: The country's Smart Cities Mission . Oxford Economics Global Cities Index 2024 ranked Vellore as 24th Best City in India and 729th best city in the world According to a legend, many babul trees (known locally as velan trees) surrounded this region, which led to the name 'Vellore'. Vellore is also known as the Second Madras because of its importance and location relative to Chennai (Madras). The recorded history of Vellore dates back to
5580-459: The eighth President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under K. Kamaraj and M. Bhaktavatsalam . Venkataraman was born in a Tamil Brahmin family in Rajamadam village near Pattukottai , Tanjore district in Madras Presidency , British India . He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai and undergraduation in National College, Tiruchirappalli . Educated locally and in
5673-561: The election result was perceived as a boost to the Congress Party. Venkataraman served as President of India starting 1987, where he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: V. P. Singh , Chandra Shekhar and P. V. Narasimha Rao , during his five-year term, which saw the advent of coalition politics in India. His successor S. D. Sharma was the only other Indian President in 20th Century to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them. Venkataraman returned to Chennai after retiring, but moved back to Delhi
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#17327728891255766-428: The executive control of a municipal commissioner. Legislative powers are held by a body of 60 members, with each councilor being elected from one of the city's wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected mayor who is assisted by a deputy mayor. Vellore is a part of the Vellore , Katpadi and Anaicut assembly constituencies and elects 3 members to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. Since
5859-571: The first of which was established at Guindy , and succeeded in getting investments in major public sector undertakings such as the Integral Coach Factory , Neyveli Lignite Corporation and the Heavy Vehicles Factory . Venkataraman persuaded the TVS Group to set up a factory at Padi and several other private companies including Ashok Leyland , Hindustan Motors and Enfield established their automobile factories in Madras during this time. Tamil Nadu’s industrialization has been widely credited to steps initiated during Venkataraman’s decade as
5952-446: The fort. The fort houses a church, a mosque and a Hindu temple, the latter known for its carvings. The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya. The fortifications consist of a main rampart, broken at irregular intervals by round towers and rectangular projections. The main walls are built of massive granite stones, surrounded by
6045-400: The government in debates on the matter in Parliament. Although members of the opposition attempted to introduce privilege motions against Venkatraman on the grounds that he had misled parliament, these were rejected by the presiding officers in both houses of parliament. In his interventions, Venkataraman sought to dissociate the Prime Minister from the activities of Antulay and he rejected
6138-462: The health care industry is growing rapidly. Naruvi Hospitals is a private hospital built at a cost of 3300 million INR, a joint venture between Vellore-based Pearl Human Care and Detroit -based Henry Ford Health . Sri Narayani Aayurvedic Centre was inaugurated by the Union Minister of State for AYUSH Shripad Yesso Naik in August 2019. Rural industries other than agriculture include weaving, beedi and matchstick rolling. The Indian Armed Forces has
6231-568: The heart of the city, is Vellore's largest private employer and has a large floating population from other parts of India and abroad. Lodging, hospitals and allied businesses are among the major sources of income generated in the central part of the city. The Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital (VMCH) are located at Adukamparai in Vellore. With hospitals such as Apollo KH Hospital in Melvisharam and Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre in Sripuram, coupled with colleges such as CMC & VIT and other engineering and science colleges,
6324-450: The international brands that have manufacturing units in the city. Automobile and mechanical companies of global brands, including SAME Deutz-Fahr , TVS–Brakes India, Mitsubishi , Greaves Cotton and MRF have their manufacturing units in the area. Brakes India Sholingur's foundry division is located at Vellore- Sholingur and is a major employer in the area. Asia's biggest explosives manufacturing company, Tamil Nadu Explosives Limited (TEL),
6417-467: The largest hospitals in India and Asia, is based out of Vellore. It is a major health care provider for the surrounding districts. Auxilium Women's College (founded in 1954) is the first women's college in Vellore district; Other arts and sciences colleges in the city are the Dhanabakyam Krishnaswamy Mudhaliar Women's College (DKM) near Sainathapuram and the Muthurangam Government Arts College (MGAC) in Otteri, near Bagayam. Voorhees College (founded 1898)
6510-478: The loan required the Indian government to limit the expansion of credit and curtail commercial borrowings and to consult the IMF on fiscal and monetary policies of the government, it did not require India to devalue the rupee as was done in the past . Venkataraman was shifted from the Ministry of Finance on 15 January 1982 to the Ministry of Defence , a portfolio that had until then been held by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. During Venkataraman’s tenure in
6603-419: The ministry, the Government of India signed deals to purchase Sea King helicopters and Sea Eagle missiles from the United Kingdom and Mirage fighter aircraft and Type 209 submarines from other western nations thus seeking to undo the near monopoly that the Soviet Union had on weapons systems in the Indian armed forces . In response, the Soviets, keen to not lose out in their largest arms market in
6696-592: The ninth century, as seen from a Chola inscription in the Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai . Vellore is strategically located and well-connected by rail and bus routes to major towns in the neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka and Kerala . Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore throughout its history, including the Pallava dynasty , Medieval Cholas , Later Cholas ,
6789-593: The opposition’s demand for a probe arguing that no improprieties had been committed by the trust to warrant an inquiry. It was during Venkataraman’s tenure as finance minister that India negotiated with the International Monetary Fund for a loan for 5 billion special drawing rights amounting to US$ 5.68 billion. Sanctioned in November 1981, this was the largest loan ever made by the IMF. While
6882-788: The palaces in the fort and participated in the mutiny of 1806. In 1805, the new Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army of the British East India Company , General Sir John Cradock , began an ambitious reform of the army's disciplinary system. New, standardized regulations were approved for the Madras Army, which dictated how sepoys should wear their uniforms and appear on duty. Under these regulations, Hindus were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads while on duty, and Muslims were required to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. One change that
6975-735: The presidential election of 1987, the Congress party’s initial choices for president were B. Shankaranand , Pupul Jayakar and P.V. Narasimha Rao . However, Venkataraman let it be known that he would resign if he were not nominated as the party’s candidate for the presidency. On 14 June 1987 the Congress Parliamentary Board endorsed Venkataraman as the party’s nominee for the presidential election. The Left parties fielded Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer as their candidate and despite speculation that he might contest as an independent candidate, President Singh chose to retire. In
7068-410: The prime minister was required to be maintained in the interest of the nation. As President Singh’s term neared its end it was widely speculated that he intended to dismiss Gandhi as prime minister and appoint a caretaker government . Singh asked Venkataraman whether he would be interested in becoming the prime minister in such an eventuality but Venkataraman declined the offer. In the run up to
7161-549: The rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the mildest. Vellore receives 1,034.1 mm (40.71 in) of rainfall every year. The southwestern monsoon from June to September brings 517.1 millimetres or 20.36 inches of rainfall, with September being the rainiest month. The northeastern monsoon which lasts from October to December brings 388.4 millimetres or 15.29 inches of rainfall. The humidity ranges from 40%–63% during summer and 67%–86% during winter. According to 2011 census , Vellore had
7254-471: The rural economy and teaching rural women to be self-reliant. Vellore has also seen a period of upward social growth with improvement in literacy and the local economy. Literacy improved in part due to the Arivoli Movement. Vellore is at 12°55′N 79°08′E / 12.92°N 79.13°E / 12.92; 79.13 , 220m above sea level. The city has a tropical savanna climate. It
7347-531: The same year, he introduced a bill for the establishment of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development which was passed by Parliament. When allegations of corruption were raised against the Congress Party and the Chief Minister of Maharashtra , A. R. Antulay regarding the collection of funds by a trust named after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, she tasked Venkataraman with defending
7440-579: The seat and joined the Madras government at the invitation of its Chief Minister , K. Kamaraj . Venkataraman was sworn in as Minister for Industries on 26 April 1957 and was allotted several ministries including those of Labour and Co-operation, Commercial Taxes and Nationalised Transport, Textiles, Mines and Minerals and Companies and was elected to the Madras Legislative Council in the biennial elections conducted in March 1958. In
7533-579: The session of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal . Venkataraman was reelected to the Council in the biennial elections of March 1964 and remained the leader of the house in the Council until after the assembly elections of 1967 . As Minister of Industries, Venkataraman proved to be an able administrator who ushered in a period of industrial development in Madras. He championed the idea of industrial estates ,
7626-705: The state’s industries minister and he has been described as the “father of industrialization” in Tamil Nadu . In 1967, Venkataraman contested the parliamentary election from Thanjavur but lost to the D.S. Gopalar of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam . In the assembly election of 1967 , the Congress was routed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. C. N. Annadurai , the DMK’s leader in the Council became Chief Minister and Venkataraman
7719-399: The town came under British rule . Vellore Fort is important to Vellore's history. Due to a lack of historical records, it is not known exactly when the fort was constructed, but estimates based on stone inscriptions suggests that the fort was most likely built during the rule of Chinna Bommi Nayak between 1526 and 1595. The fort is a good example of Tamil Nadu military architecture , while
7812-667: Was built around 1566 CE by the chieftains of Sadashiv Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. In the mid-17th century the fort was owned by various parties. The Aravidus, the last dynasty that ruled Vijayanagara lost Vellore to the Bijapur Sultan before being captured by the Marathas after a siege that lasted four and a half months in 1676. The fort came under the charge of Dost Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, before passing on to
7905-560: Was especially problematic was a new headdress associated with Indian converts to Christianity, which included a leather cockade . This caused an uproar, as leather was a cultural taboo for the upper caste sepoys of the Madras Army. As a result, many sepoys believed that their British officers were conspiring to convert them to Christianity. In May 1806, a few soldiers protested against these changes and were sent to Fort St. George in Chennai, where they were publicly lashed and discharged from
7998-516: Was established in Vellore in December 2005. The central government's biotechnology department selected the Christian Medical College (CMC) as the first in a series of centers as it already had world-class clinical hematology and biochemistry departments. The college made a breakthrough which attracted the attention of the country's medical and scientific community: the Centre for Stem Cell Research at
8091-400: Was first recognized as a third-grade municipality in 1866, promoted to first-grade in 1947, to selection-grade in 1970, and to a municipal corporation on 1st August 2008. The functions of the Vellore Municipal Corporation are divided into six departments: General Administration/Personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Planning, and Information Technology (IT). These departments are under
8184-651: Was kept here , after the Muslim invaders , took over vellore fort . Ramaswamy Venkataraman Ramaswamy Venkataraman ( pronunciation , 4 December 1910 – 27 January 2009), also known as R. Venkataraman, was an Indian lawyer, independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth president of India . Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village in Tanjore district, Madras Presidency . He studied law and practised in
8277-408: Was put down by reinforcements under the command of Sir Hugh Robert Rollo Gillespie ; many of the mutineers were captured and summarily executed or court-martialed. As a result of the uprising, the dress codes were retracted, and Cradock was dismissed. Although the mutiny took place before larger revolts in the 1850s, it was indicative of the simmering dissent in the Indian soldiery. The Vellore mutiny
8370-548: Was succeeded by S. B. Chavan as Minister of Defence. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose Venkataraman to be the Congress Party’s candidate for the vice presidential election to elect a successor to M. Hidayatullah . Bapu Chandrasen Kamble of the Republican Party of India was his sole opponent. In the election held on 22 August 1984, Venkataraman won 508 of 715 valid votes cast to win outright. Venkataraman
8463-423: Was sworn in as Vice-President on 31 August 1984. Following Indira Gandhi’s assassination , Vice President Venkataraman went along with President Zail Singh’s decision to appoint Rajiv Gandhi as prime minister. It was Venkataraman who announced Indira Gandhi’s death on Doordarshan and the swearing-in of a new government under Rajiv Gandhi. As relations between Rajiv Gandhi and President Zail Singh worsened,
8556-650: Was the first study to be made of the integrated function and development of major ports in India . He resigned from the Planning Commission in 1971. In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha from Madras (South) Constituency and served as an Opposition Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee. Venkataraman was also, variously, a member of the Political Affairs Committee and
8649-748: Was the launch of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme in 1983 which led to the indigenous development of the Prithvi , Akash , Agni , Thrishul and Nag missile systems by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation . Venkataraman’s term also witnessed India attempt to conduct a nuclear test in 1983 and the seizing of the Siachen Glacier by the Indian Army in 1984. Venkataraman demitted office on 2 August 1984 and
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