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38-668: Verpelét is a town in Heves County , Hungary , under the Mátra mountain range, beside of the Tarna River . As of 2022 census, it has a population of 3738 (see Demographics). The town located 17.3 km from Eger , the capital of the county and beside of the (Nr. 84) Kisterenye–Kál-Kápolna railway line, 10.7 km from the main road 3 and 16.4 km from the M3 motorway . Although the settlement has its own railway station, public transport on

76-425: A local interest railway line from Kisterenye to Kisújszállás was built on the initiative of Count Gyula Károlyi  [ hu ] . In the 20th century, new occupations appeared in the settlement: transporter, garbage collector, printer, hotelier, tire repairer, tailor, butcher and hairdresser. The number of small craftsmen increased to 81 people by 1983, who practiced a total of 84 professions. The settlement

114-415: A pension . In the end, however, psychological factors might have been the deciding influence. Demoralized after two successive (and harsh) collectivization campaigns and the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution , the peasants were less interested in resisting, and as membership levels increased, those who remained likely grew worried about being left out. Whether or not peasants really wanted to join,

152-543: A certificate from 1211, its first mention in a certificate survives from 1252, and then in 1331 it is mentioned again in the form of Welpreth . The names Vahret, Welp(e)rech, Wepret, Welpud, Welperek are found in the certificates dated 1332. In the second half of the 13th century, the village was owned by the Verpeléti branch from the Aba family . The settlement's first church was built in the 13th century and named after Christ

190-545: A condemnation of the “right deviation” supported in the Nagy 's New Course. Rákosi renewed the drive for collectivization , again using physical force to encourage membership. This attempt failed to last even as long as the previous drive. Nikita Khrushchev 's secret speech and Rákosi 's ensuing resignation led to second failure at collectivization. The weaknesses in the Stalinist model had been rather apparent to some after

228-456: A local nationality government. 3708 inhabitants live in the village and only 2 in farm. Population by years: Mayors since 1990 : This Heves county location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . List of cities and towns of Hungary Hungary has 3,152 municipalities as of July 15, 2013: 346 towns (Hungarian term: város [ˈvaːroʃ] , plural: városok [ˈvaːroʃok] ;

266-468: Is a town since 2013. Nowadays two uninhabited outskirts: "Jakabdomb" and "Kistölgyes" – 2 and 6 km far from the town – have different postal codes (3331 and 3264). According the 2022 census, 91.8% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 8.9% were Gypsies and 8.0% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 39.7% Roman Catholic , 2.7% Calvinist , 11.7% non-denominational, and 41.1% did not wish to answer. The Gypsies have

304-443: Is the capital, Budapest, while the smallest town is Pálháza with 1038 inhabitants (2010). The largest village is Solymár (population: 10,123 as of 2010). There are more than 100 villages with fewer than 100 inhabitants while the smallest villages have fewer than 20 inhabitants. Bold : City with county rights . Italics : Capital city . Sources: Sources: 24,000 – 15,000 15,000 – 5,000 < 5,000 In 1910,

342-496: The Ottomans in 1555 after 16 houses. The settlement was listed in the tax census with only one and a half ports in 1686. It was recorded that the people of Verpelét left the old village site, because the settlement burned down earlier in 1695. The 1701 census registered the settlement as a populous market town , at which time 69 adult male taxpayers and 65 female taxpayers were registered. The 18th century can also be attributed to

380-490: The infrastructure required to shelter livestock co-operatively could simply not be built quickly enough. The government adopted the common-sense solution of allowing members to keep animals on their household plots. The solution was a good fit. The farmers enjoyed the benefits of keeping their own animals (including milk , eggs , even calves and piglets ) and the government avoided the unnecessary slaughter of animals that would have resulted from strict enforcement. Although

418-633: The July 1957 Agrarian Theses were not drastic, but they made room for the possibility of further reforms. Some changes came almost immediately. The compulsory deliveries were not reintroduced and the purchasing prices introduced in 1957 were 80% higher than the compulsory prices had been. The government began to allow the co-operatives to purchase limited amounts of machinery for their own use. Until this point, all farm machinery had been kept in special state-run machine stations, but new regulations encouraged co-operatives to buy most forms of light machinery. By

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456-821: The King . From the middle of the 14th century the county assemblies and court sessions were held here on several occasions, in the presence of the Palatine . The settlement came into the possession of the Tari family in 1389 and became part of the Sirok castle. The ownership of the village became the property of the Országh and Kompolti families, and after 1552 it passed to the Országh family. The guard men of Ippolito d'Este , Bishop of Eger, defeated an army of rebellious peasants near Verpelét in 1514. The local population already paid taxes to

494-747: The November election, but political maneuvering and election fraud by the Communists led to its failure in the following election. While it remains unclear how the Smallholders Party would have solved the problems resulting from their dwarf properties, the plans of the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) soon became clear. The model of Stalinist collectivization would be adopted and applied with physical force if necessary. In July 1948, government regulations allowed

532-586: The President. The capital Budapest has a special status and is not included in any county while 25 of the towns are so-called cities with county rights . All county seats except Budapest are cities with county rights. Four of the cities ( Budapest , Miskolc , Győr , and Pécs ) have agglomerations, and the Hungarian Statistical Office distinguishes seventeen other areas in earlier stages of agglomeration development. The largest city

570-431: The adjustments made to the agricultural system in 1957 clearly managed to satisfy the membership adequately enough that the co-operatives did not fall apart as they had in the past. Like Hungary , Poland and Czechoslovakia underwent a Stalinist phase of collectivization in the 1950s before leaving it behind in the search for a new model. In Poland , a sort of “dual agricultural” model was developed in which 20% of land

608-572: The concerns of the farmers, allowing them mechanical independence, semi-private production on their household plots and crop-shared fields, and a decent standard of living from higher agricultural producer prices and substantial government investment. With the ever-looming uncertainty of collectivization, Hungarian farmers became fearful and hesitant to purchase even simple tools to improve the production of their farms. They feared that their investment would be unable to be reaped by themselves, but would instead be used to benefit others. Additionally, many of

646-524: The country needs meat!" Also allowed was the practice of sharecropping , in which co-operatively owned land was divided up between families and worked on relatively independently. The family would receive pay based on their work hours but also a percentage of the surplus from their particular strip of land. This helped to motivate members to work harder, particularly with crops like potatoes that required more manual labor . Both of these transitional measures integrated pre-soviet “family labor” practices with

684-465: The development of the landlords' management of majors. The first merchants of the settlement were the innkeepers. By the beginning of the 19th century, parallel to the growth of the population. Baron József Brudern, the owner of the settlement, received from the ruler the right to hold four national fairs a year from 1797. The Jews settled in the 17th century. The largest population of the Jewish community

722-507: The early 1950s, only one quarter of peasants agreed to join co-operatives. Even once collectivized, farms were subject to harsh compulsory deliveries ( production quotas in physical units passed down from central planning ) and incredibly low agricultural producer prices. Although individual families were allowed a small private household plot intended to serve their own personal needs, decrees passed in 1949 and 1950 limited these plots with an absolute limit of 4,300 square meters, and its output

760-587: The end of the decade, only a few remained in poor areas. Most of the stations were transformed into repair shops to service the machinery quickly being acquired by the co-operatives. The new independent machine ownership would later spawn further demands by the collective farmers. Another shift that resulted from the Agrarian Theses was a new willingness on the part of Party to accept household plots belonging to members of co-operative farms. The acceptance of household plots grew primarily out of necessity;

798-614: The end of the year, the 2557 existing agricultural co-operatives had purchased over 1000 light tractors . In March 1958, Khrushchev suggested that machine stations had outlived their usefulness, and they were soon abolished. More purchasing of machinery was allowed the following year, and in 1961, a number of machine stations were allowed to sell off their obsolete machines. Furthermore, the machine stations in Turkeve and Székesfehérvár were converted into repair shops. Out of 235 machine stations in use in 1961, only 63 were open in 1964 and by

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836-458: The first wave in the early 1950s, but the inflexibility of the Rákosi government left no room for any creative solutions. After the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the re-establishment of political order, officials of the new Hungarian Socialist Workers Party (MSzMP) began to draw up a plan for a more gradual collectivization drive. Like Nagy 's New Course, the changes suggested in

874-487: The household plots had long existed, the idea of household stock-breeding was not approved of by everyone. In 1959, a report to the Political Committee worried that in some areas, local farm leaders continued to oppose the creation of household plots and made life difficult for those private owners. Government attempts push for tolerance of their measures stressed the “transitional” nature of the situation. In

912-662: The ideal “socialist wage labor” to balance ideology with economic well-being. With relatively little use of force, the great wave of collectivization occurred between 1959 and 1961, earlier than forecast in the Agrarian Theses. At the end of this period, more than 95% of agricultural land in Hungary had become the property of collective farms. In February 1961, the Central Committee declared that collectivization had been completed. This quick success should not be confused with enthusiastic adoption of collective idealism on

950-419: The part of the peasants . Private ownership meant independence and self-sufficiency , collectivization meant negotiation and uncertainty. Although pensions for members of co-operatives were a legal requirement after 1958, some elderly potential members were not convinced of the long-term financial security of co-operatives, and chose to leave their farms to seek industrial work where they were sure of

988-527: The railway line ceased on 3 March 2007  [ hu ] . The closest train station with public transport is in Kál 14.0 km away. In addition to Bronze Age and Celtic finds, Scythian relics were also found in the border of Verpelét, the settlement was already an inhabited area for thousands of years before the Hungarian conquest . Despite the fact that the personal name Welprit can already be read in

1026-565: The seizure of larger landholdings from nagygazdák (Hungarian [kulak]s ). These regulations enabled over 800 square kilometers of land to be confiscated, 60% of which went to recently formed farming co-operatives , the rest going to private peasants. This first serious attempt at collectivization corresponded with the first Five Year Plan , and both bore the marks of Stalinist agricultural policy. Both economic and direct police pressure were used to coerce peasants to join co-operatives , but large numbers opted instead to leave their villages. In

1064-483: The settlement a new direction. Therefore, officers' quarters and service facilities. New apartments were built, some three-story block houses were completed, which gave Verpelét an urban appearance. The settlement is an economic center, an outstanding production and processing center of the western part of the Eger wine region. Thanks to wine tourism and living cultural traditions, it has significant tourism potential. Verpelét

1102-495: The situation of the peasantry and develop a plan for land reform . When the proposed legislation was passed in March, it merely acknowledged the seizures the peasants had already undertaken. Prior to the reforms, half of agricultural land had controlled by large, privately owned “ hacienda -type” estates. The provisional government legislation redistributed 35% of Hungary 's territory, some 93,000 square kilometers of land. While

1140-493: The state. First, the compulsory deliveries were abolished, alleviating much stress for farmers . Second, the government devoted nearly one quarter of its national investment to agriculture and in just one year “more tractors were put into service than during the entire 1950-3 period.” These new beginnings would not last long, however, as power struggles within the MDP in the spring of 1955 led to Mátyás Rákosi 's return to power and

1178-597: The summer of 1960, Lajos Fehér, Deputy Prime Minister, insisted that "...[h]ousehold farming is an integral complementary part of cooperative farming ... It will be needed so long as the economic activity of the co-operative ... has not reached a high enough level for collective production to take over the supply . . . In many places the transitional measures are being branded in a sectarian manner as 'capitalist tendencies' or regarded as some sort of 'sin or act against socialism' ... These damaging, narrow-minded ideas must now be forcefully eliminated, and everybody must understand ...

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1216-582: The ten largest cities in the Kingdom of Hungary (including Croatia-Slavonia ) were: Out of Hungary's ten largest cities in 1910, five are now located outside of the Kingdom of Hungary as a result of post-World War I border changes . Collectivization in Hungary#Post-War background In early 1945, the provisional Hungarian government had appointed “land claimants” committees to examine

1254-447: The terminology does not distinguish between cities and towns – the term town is used in official translations) and 2,806 villages (Hungarian: község [ˈkøʃːeːɡ] , plural: községek [ˈkøʃːeːɡɛk] ) of which 126 are classified as large villages (Hungarian: nagyközség [ˈnɒckøʃːeːɡ] , plural: nagyközségek ). The number of towns can change, since villages can be elevated to town status by act of

1292-404: The wealthy who lost their land in the deal had obviously lost out, the problems of smaller peasant landholders were by no means solved. Many of them saw only slight increases in their property size to 11,000 square meters, “too small to provide a livelihood, let alone the basis for efficient agricultural production.” These smallholders formed a political party which won a significant majority in

1330-468: Was a village from October 22 in 1950, and was granted the status of a large village on May 1 in 1973. With the land reform of 1945 237 new farms were established in Verpelét. They were primarily engaged in viticulture, inland farming, grain production and tobacco production. On September 4 in 1948, the tenant cooperative was formed with 49 members. The establishment of the medium tank regiment in 1952 gave

1368-544: Was also subject to compulsory deliveries. The Five Year Plan initially promised 11 billion forints of credit for co-operatives (later downscaled to 8 million) but by 1953, less than half of that had been made available. Without credit from the government, or any reasonable ability to earn a surplus , peasants were unable to invest in their own farms and the co-operatives began to crumble. Although certainly not radical, Imre Nagy 's “New Course,” introduced in 1954, promised an easing of social tension between co-operatives and

1406-549: Was controlled by large, inefficient state farms , and the rest privately owned, mostly in the form of small peasant farms. This isolated situation left the peasants open to obvious discrimination and they suffered from a lack of financial and structural support from the state. In Czechoslovakia , the state had only a bare tolerance for household plots and the transitional system was marked by its almost total inflexibility. In contrast, transitional measures in Hungary worked with

1444-589: Was registered in 1869 (324 people). The Jews were engaged in wine production and trade. The only wooden synagogue in the Carpathian Basin was built in Verepelét, which was demolished in 1961. The Jewish community was almost completely destroyed in the years of the Second World War , the former synagogue now houses the settlement's fire station. The railway reached the settlement in 1886, when

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