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47-516: Its economy is based on agriculture, especially fruit farming, but there are also mechanical industries and service companies. The city is mostly known as the birthplace of the Renaissance architect Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola . Vignola, whose name derives from the Latin vineola ("small vine") is located near an ancient Etruscan road connecting Bologna to Parma . However it is mentioned in

94-760: A general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement broke out and on 29 April, troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force entered the city. In 1996, president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro honoured Piacenza with the gold medal for Valour in Battle. There was a prisoner of war (POW) camp located in Piacenza, Veano Camp PG 29. Climate in this area is humid subtropical with no dry season, constantly moist. Summers are hot and sultry. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

141-527: A prospective patron. Piacenza Piacenza ( Italian: [pjaˈtʃɛntsa] ; Piacentino : Piaṡëinsa [pi.aˈzəi̯sɐ] ; Latin : Placentia ) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy , and the capital of the eponymous province . As of 2022, Piacenza is the ninth largest city in the region by population, with more than 102,000 inhabitants. Westernmost major city of

188-534: A sheep's liver for the purposes of haruspicy was discovered in 1877 at Gossolengo just to the south of Piacenza. It bears witness to the survival of the disciplina Etrusca well after the Roman conquest. Although sacked and devastated several times, the city always recovered and by the sixth century Procopius was calling it "the principal city in the country of Aemilia". The first Bishop of Piacenza (322–357), San Vittorio, declared Saint Antoninus of Piacenza ,

235-540: A similarly named Piacentine specialty, is a kind of pasta filled with spinaches and ricotta cheese, or filled with calabash. A similar Piacentine dish is the Panzerotti al Forno, which is made with pasta, ricotta cheese, and spinach. Piacentine staple foods include corn (generally cooked as polenta ) and rice (usually cooked as risotto ), both of which are very common across northern Italy. Cheeses, such as Grana Padano , are produced in Piacenza although nearby Parma

282-487: A soldier of the Theban Legion (and not to be confused with the sixth-century Antoninus of Piacenza ), the patron saint of Piacenza and had the first basilica constructed to honor the saint in 324. The basilica was restored in 903 and rebuilt in 1101, again in 1562, and is still a church today. The remains of the bishop and the soldier-saint are in urns under the altar. The theme of Antoninus, protector of Piacenza,

329-528: Is " Cfa " ( Humid subtropical climate ). Piacenza boasts a great number of historical palaces, often characterized by splendid gardens. Many inhabitants of Piacenza and the surrounding province still use Piacentino, which is a variety of the Emilian dialect the Emilian-Romagnol language . Emilian-Romagnol is a member of a different Romance subfamily ( Gallo-Italic ) than Standard Italian (which

376-456: Is an Italo-Dalmatian language ) and its distinct grammar and phonology make it mutually unintelligible with that language. Although there have been a number of notable poets and writers using Piacentino, the language has experienced a steady decline during the twentieth century due to the growing standardization of the Italian language in the national educational system. Piacenza Calcio 1919

423-479: Is more famous for its dairy products. The hills surrounding Piacenza are known for their vineyards. The wine produced in the area is qualified with a denominazione di origine controllata called " Colli Piacentini " ("Hills of Piacenza"). The main wines are Gutturnio (red wines, both sparkling and still), Bonarda (a red wine, often sparkling and foamy, made from Croatina grapes), Ortrugo (a dry white wine), and Malvasia (a sweet white wine). Piacenza

470-562: Is remembered fondly as one of the best in the history of Piacenza. The duchess drained many lands, built several bridges across the Trebbia and the Nure and created educational and artistic activities. Austrian troops occupied Piacenza until, in 1860, a plebiscite marked the entrance of the city into the Kingdom of Sardinia . When 37,089 voters out of 37,585 voted for the annexation, Piacenza

517-636: Is served by Vignola railway station , terminus of the Casalecchio–Vignola railway . This article on a location in Emilia–Romagna is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola ( UK : / v ɪ n ˈ j oʊ l ə / vin- YOH -lə , US : / v iː n ˈ -/ veen- , Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo baˈrɔttsi da (v)viɲˈɲɔːla] ; 1 October 1507 – 7 July 1573), often simply called Vignola ,

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564-528: Is the main and most supported football team and played in Serie A for eight seasons. They play at the Stadio Leonardo Garilli . The city's other club, Pro Piacenza 1919 , declared bankruptcy in 2019. Volley Piacenza is the main men's volleyball team and currently plays in serie A1; its palmares entails a championship, a national cup, a national supercup, and two European cups. River Volley

611-947: Is the main women's volleyball team and won the national championship twice. Rugby is relatively popular compared with Italian standards and Piacenza has a number of rugby teams: Piacenza Rugby Club and Rugby Lyons Piacenza are the most important. Piacenza and its province are known for the production of seasoned and salted pork products. The main specialities are pancetta (rolled seasoned pork belly, salted and spiced), coppa (seasoned pork neck, containing less fat than pancetta , matured at least for six months), and salame (chopped pork meat flavoured with spices and wine, and made into sausages ). Bortellina (salted pancakes made with flour, salt, and water or milk) and chisulén ( torta fritta in Standard Italian; made with flour, milk, and animal fats mixed together and then fried in hot strutto , or clarified pork fat) are considered

658-765: Is well known in art. Piacenza was sacked during the course of the Gothic War (535–554) . After a short period of being reconquered by the Roman emperor Justinian I , it was conquered by the Lombards , who made it a duchy seat. After its conquest by Francia in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena that later connected the Holy Roman Empire with Rome . Its population and importance grew further after

705-666: The House of Bourbon . In the eighteenth century, several edifices that belonged to noble families such as Scotti, Landi , and Fogliani were built in Piacenza. In 1802, Napoleon 's army annexed Piacenza to the French Empire. Young Piacentini recruits were sent to fight in Russia , Spain , and Germany , while the city was plundered of a great number of artworks that are currently exhibited in many French museums. The Habsburg government of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1816–1847),

752-683: The Lombardy shore of the Po. The preliminaries of the Peace of Constance were signed in 1183 in the Saint Antoninus church. Agriculture and trade flourished in these centuries and Piacenza became one of the richest cities in Europe. This is reflected in the construction of many important buildings and in the general revision of the urban plan. Struggles for control were commonplace in the second half of

799-530: The Pantheon, Rome . Vignola's main works include: Like many other architects, Vignola submitted his plans for completing the facade of San Petronio, Bologna . Designs by Vignola, in company with Baldassare Peruzzi , Giulio Romano , Andrea Palladio and others furnished material for an exhibition in 2001 His two published books helped formulate the canon of classical architectural style. The earliest, Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura ["Canon of

846-470: The University of Pavia to the city. Piacenza then became a possession of the House of Sforza until 1499. Chiefly due to the expansion of agriculture in the countryside surrounding Piacenza, the city progressed economically and a coin from the sixteenth century (that is displayed to the right) declares that by featuring the motto: Placentia floret ("Piacenza flourishes") on one of its sides. Also in

893-561: The Gauls took the entire Po Valley from them. in May 218 BC, Piacenza and Cremona were founded as Roman military colonies . The Romans had planned to construct them after the successful conclusion of the latest war with the Gauls ending in 219 BC. In the spring of 218 BC, after declaring war on Carthage , the Senate decided to accelerate the foundation and gave the colonists 30 days to appear on

940-587: The Middle Ages as having been founded in 826 as, according to the legend, a castle to protect the lands of the nearby Abbey of Nonantola . Vignola was a possession of those bishops until 1247; during the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines its territory was contented between the communes of Modena and Bologna, until the Grassoni family installed their seigniory in Vignola. This lasted until 1399, when it

987-478: The Piacenza region (although also enjoyed in nearby Cremona ) is mostarda di frutta , consisting of preserved fruits in a sugary syrup that is strongly flavored with mustard. Turtlìt ( tortelli dolci in standard Italian), or fruit dumplings, are filled with mostarda di frutta , mashed chestnuts , and other ingredients, and they are served at Easter. Turtlìt are popular in the Ferrara area as well. Turtéi ,

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1034-460: The bridges over the Po became vital for the supply from Austria of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring 's Gothic Line , which protected the withdrawal of Kesselring's troops from Italy. Foremost among these were the railway and road bridges at Piacenza, along with supply depots and railway yards. In Operation Mallory Major, July 12–15, allied medium bombers from Corsica flew 300 sorties a day, knocking out 21 bridges east of Piacenza and then continued to

1081-464: The city in December. There is no evidence either textual or archaeological of a prior settlement at that exact location; however, such a site would have been obliterated by construction. Piacenza was the fifty-third colony to be placed by Rome following its foundation. It was the first among the Gauls of the Po valley. It had to be supplied by boat after the Battle of Trebbia, when Hannibal controlled

1128-491: The countryside, for which purpose a port (Emporium) was constructed. In 209 BC, Hasdrubal Barca crossed the Alps and laid siege to the city, but he was unable to take it, and he withdrew. In 200 BC, the Gauls sacked and burned the city, selling the inhabitants into slavery. Subsequently, the victorious Romans restored the city and managed to recover 2,000 of its citizens. In 198 BC, a combined force of Gauls and Ligurians plundered

1175-580: The course of that century a new city wall was erected. Piacenza, as part of the Duchy of Milan , was ruled, at alternate times, by the Sforza and by France until 1521, when, under Pope Leo X , it became part of the Papal States . From 1545, following the creation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza by Pope Paul III to his son Pier Luigi Farnese , the city was ruled by the House of Farnese . Piacenza

1222-784: The etymologists of his time to have translated it) "comely abode", and it was given as a good omen. Before its settlement by the Romans, the area was populated by other peoples; specifically, just prior to the Roman settlement, the region on the right bank of the Po River between the Trebbia River and the Taro River had been occupied by the Ananes or Anamari, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls . Before then, according to Polybius , "These plains were anciently inhabited by Etruscans " before

1269-464: The five orders of architecture"] (first published in 1562, probably in Rome), presented Vignola's practical system for constructing columns in the five classical orders (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite) utilising proportions which Vignola derived from his own measurements of classical Roman monuments. The clarity and ease of use of Vignola's treatise caused it to become in succeeding centuries

1316-456: The most published book in architectural history. Vignola's second treatise, Due regole della prospettiva pratica ["Two rules of practical perspective"], published posthumously with extensive commentary by the mathematician Ignazio Danti (Bologna 1583), favours one-point perspective rather than two-point methods such as the bifocal construction. Vignola presented— without theoretical obscurities— practical applications which could be understood by

1363-465: The nearby Ligurian and Piedmontese territories added to a prevalent Lombard influence, favored by communications with the nearby metropolis, which attenuate its Emilian footprint. Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan , and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin . Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia , draining

1410-518: The northern Apennine Mountains , and the River Po , draining to the east. Piacenza hosts three universities, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Parma . The etymology is long-standing, deriving from the Latin "Placentia" tracing an origin from the verb placēre , "to please". The name means "pleasant" or (as James Boswell reported some of

1457-420: The perfect coupling of pancetta , coppa , and salame , but they are also considered good with cheeses, particularly Gorgonzola and Robiola . Pisarei e faśö is a mixture of handmade pasta and borlotti beans. This is served with a sauce made of tomato puree, extra virgin olive oil, onion, salt, and pepper. The dish typically is consumed with grated Parmigiano on top. Among the culinary specialties of

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1504-399: The region of Emilia-Romagna, it has strong relations with Lombardy , with which it borders, and in particular with Milan . It was defined by Leonardo da Vinci as a "Land of passage" in his Codex Atlanticus , by virtue of its crucial geographical location. This strategic location would influence the history of Piacenza significantly at several times. Piacenza integrates characteristics of

1551-561: The sites to receive their lands. Each colony was to be settled by 6,000 Roman citizens, but the cities were to receive Latin Rights ; that is, they were to have the same legal status as the many colonies that had been co-founded by Rome and towns of Latium . The reaction of the region's Gauls was swift; they drove the colonists off the lands. Taking refuge in Mutina , the colonists sent for military assistance. A small force under Lucius Manlius

1598-460: The thirteenth century, similarly to the large majority of Medieval Italian communes. The Scotti family , Pallavicini family and Alberto Scoto  [ it ] (1290–1313) in that order, held power during the period. Scoto's government ended when the Visconti of Milan captured Piacenza, which they would hold until 1447. Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti rewrote Piacenza's statutes and relocated

1645-564: The war against Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor and in the subsequent battle of Legnano (1176). It also successfully fought the neighbouring communes of Cremona , Pavia , and Parma , expanding its territory. Piacenza also captured control of the trading routes with Genoa , where the first Piacentini bankers had already settled, from the Malaspina counts and the bishop of Bobbio . In the thirteenth century, despite unsuccessful wars against Frederick I, Piacenza managed to gain strongholds on

1692-511: The west for a total of 90 by July 20. Fighter-bombers prevented reconstruction and cut roads and rail lines. By August 4, all the cities of northern Italy were isolated and had suffered heavy bombing, especially Piacenza. Transport to Genoa to the south or through Turin to the north was impossible; nevertheless, Kesselring continued to supply his men. On the hills and the Apennine Mountains, partisans were active. On April 25, 1945,

1739-523: The whole region. As the people had never recovered from being sold into slavery, in 190 BC, they complained to Senate of underpopulation; in response the Senate sent 3,000 new settlers. Construction of the Via Aemilia in the decade of the 180s made the city easily accessible from the Adriatic ports, which improved trade and the prospects for timely defense. The Liver of Piacenza , a bronze model of

1786-578: The year 1000. That period marked a gradual transfer of governing powers from the feudal lords to a new enterprising class, as well to the feudal class of the countryside. In 1095, the city was the site of the Council of Piacenza , in which the First Crusade was proclaimed. From 1126, Piacenza was a free commune and an important member of the Lombard League . In this role, it took part in

1833-660: The years 1541–1543. Here he probably met his fellow Bolognese, the architect Sebastiano Serlio and the painter Primaticcio . After his return to Italy, he designed the Palazzo Bocchi in Bologna. Later he moved to Rome. Here he worked for Pope Julius III and, after the latter's death, he was taken up by the papal family of the Farnese and worked with Michelangelo , who deeply influenced his style (see Works section for details of his works in this period). In 1558, he

1880-533: Was acquired by the House of Este ; two years later it was conceded as a county to Uguccione de' Contrari from Ferrara . With the death of Ercole Contrari in 1557, Vignola was assigned to Giacomo Boncompagni , son of Pope Gregory XIII . The Boncompagni rule fell with the Napoleonic Conquest of Italy, and, after the Congress of Vienna of 1814, Vignola became part of the Duchy of Modena . Vignola

1927-460: Was born at Vignola , near Modena ( Emilia-Romagna ). He began his career as an architect in Bologna , supporting himself by painting and making perspective templates for inlay craftsmen. He made his first trip to Rome in 1536 to make measured drawings of Roman temples , with a thought to publish an illustrated Vitruvius . Then François I called him to Fontainebleau , where he spent

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1974-784: Was declared Primogenita dell'Unità di Italia ("First-born of the Unification of Italy ") by the monarch. The Piacentini enrolled en masse in Giuseppe Garibaldi 's army for the Expedition of the Thousand . In 1858, the geologist Karl Mayer-Eymar named the Piacenzian Age of the Pliocene Epoch based on deposits close to Piacenza. In June 1865, the first railway bridge over the Po River in northern Italy

2021-581: Was in Piacenza to revise the designs of Palazzo Farnese, commissioned by Margaret of Austria , wife of the Duke Ottavio Farnese and daughter of Emperor Charles V . From 1564 Vignola carried on Michelangelo's work at St Peter's Basilica , and constructed the two subordinate domes according to Michelangelo's plans. Jacopo Barozzi died in Rome in 1573. In 1973 his remains were reburied in

2068-486: Was inaugurated (in southern Italy a railroad bridge had been built across the river in 1839). In 1891, the first Chamber of Workers was created in Piacenza. During World War II , the city was heavily bombed by the Allies because of its strategic elements. The important railway and road bridges across the Trebbia and the Po and the railway yards were destroyed. The historic centre of city suffered collateral damage. In 1944,

2115-752: Was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism . His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome. The three architects who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola, Serlio and Palladio . He is often considered the most important architect in Rome in the Mannerist era. Jacopo Barozzi

2162-504: Was prevented from reaching the area. The Senate then sent two legions under Gaius Atelius. Collecting Manlius and the colonists, they descended on Piacenza and Cremona and successfully placed castra there of 480 square metres (0.12 acres) to support the building of the city. Piacenza must have been walled immediately, as the walls were in place when the Battle of the Trebia was fought around

2209-479: Was the capital city of the duchy until Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (1547–1586), moved the capital to Parma. The city underwent some of its most difficult years during the rule of Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (1622–1646). Out of the population of 30,000 in the city between 6,000 and 13,000 Piacentini died from famine and plague. The city and its countryside were ravaged by bandits and French soldiers as well. Between 1732 and 1859, Parma and Piacenza were ruled by

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